CINXE.COM

<!doctype html><html lang="en-US" dir="ltr"><head><base href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/"><link rel="preconnect" href="//www.gstatic.com"><meta name="referrer" content="origin"><meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, width=device-width"><meta name="track-metadata-page_hosting_platform" content="blog_boq"><meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta name="application-name" content="Google Cloud Blog"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Google Cloud Blog"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black"><meta name="msapplication-tap-highlight" content="no"><link rel="preconnect" href="//fonts.googleapis.com"><link rel="preconnect" href="//fonts.gstatic.com"><link rel="preconnect" href="//www.gstatic.com"><link rel="preconnect" href="//storage.googleapis.com"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Google+Sans+Text_old:400,500,700,400i,500i,700i"><link rel="manifest" crossorigin="use-credentials" href="_/TransformBlogUi/manifest.json"><link rel="home" href="/?lfhs=2"><link rel="msapplication-starturl" href="/?lfhs=2"><link rel="icon" href="//www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/icons/favicon.ico" sizes="32x32"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="//www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/icons/favicon.ico" sizes="32x32"><link rel="msapplication-square32x32logo" href="//www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/icons/favicon.ico" sizes="32x32"><script data-id="_gd" nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA">window.WIZ_global_data = {"Bwo7Jf":"%.@.\"SG\",1]","CGQM5":"%.@.[[1]]]","DpimGf":false,"EP1ykd":["/_/*","/accounts/*","/transform","/transform/*"],"FdrFJe":"7643134842684618205","Im6cmf":"/blog/_/TransformBlogUi","JvMKJd":"%.@.\"GTM-5CVQBG\",[[\"en\",\"\\u202aEnglish\\u202c\",true,\"en\"],[\"de\",\"\\u202aDeutsch\\u202c\",true,\"de\"],[\"es\",\"\\u202aEspañol\\u202c\",true,\"es\"],[\"es-419\",\"\\u202aEspañol (Latinoamérica)\\u202c\",true,\"es-419\"],[\"fr\",\"\\u202aFrançais\\u202c\",true,\"fr\"],[\"id\",\"\\u202aIndonesia\\u202c\",true,\"id\"],[\"it\",\"\\u202aItaliano\\u202c\",true,\"it\"],[\"pt-BR\",\"\\u202aPortuguês (Brasil)\\u202c\",true,\"pt-BR\"],[\"zh-CN\",\"\\u202a简体中文\\u202c\",true,\"zh-Hans\"],[\"zh-TW\",\"\\u202a繁體中文\\u202c\",true,\"zh-Hant\"],[\"ja\",\"\\u202a日本語\\u202c\",true,\"ja\"],[\"ko\",\"\\u202a한국어\\u202c\",true,\"ko\"]],[\"83405\",\"AIzaSyD3LJeW4Q6gtdgJlyeFZUp-GhpIoc6EUeg\"],\"en\",null,null,[],[[\"https://cloud.google.com/innovators\",\"https://cloud.google.com/innovators/plus/activate\",\"https://cloud.google.com/innovators/innovatorsplus\"],[\"https://workspace.google.com/pricing\",\"https://www.x.com/googleworkspace\",\"https://www.facebook.com/googleworkspace\",\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBmwzQnSoj9b6HzNmFrg_yw\",\"https://www.instagram.com/googleworkspace\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/googleworkspace\",\"https://about.google/?utm_source\\u003dworkspace.google.com\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dreferral\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dgsuite-footer-en\",\"https://about.google/products/?tip\\u003dexplore\",\"https://workspace.google.com\",\"https://workspace.google.com/contact/?source\\u003dgafb-form-globalnav-en\",\"https://workspace.google.com/business/signup/welcome?hl\\u003den\\u0026source\\u003dgafb-form-globalnav-en\",\"https://workspace.google.com/blog\"],[\"https://www.cloudskillsboost.google\",\"https://www.cloudskillsboost.google?utm_source\\u003dcgc\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dwebsite\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003devergreen\",\"https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/subscriptions?utm_source\\u003dcgc\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dwebsite\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003devergreenlaunchpromo\",\"https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/subscriptions?utm_source\\u003dcgc\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dwebsite\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003devergreen\",\"https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/catalog?utm_source\\u003dcgc\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dwebsite\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003devergreen\",\"https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/paths?utm_source\\u003dcgc\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dwebsite\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003devergreen\"],[\"https://mapsplatform.google.com\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/developers\",\"https://cloud.google.com/developers/settings?utm_source\\u003dinnovators\"],[\"https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial\",\"https://console.cloud.google.com/\",\"https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial?redirectPath\\u003dhttps://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance\"],[\"https://aitestkitchen.withgoogle.com/signup\",\"https://blog.google/technology/ai/join-us-in-the-ai-test-kitchen/\",\"https://cloud.google.com/ai\"],[\"https://googlecloudplatform.blogspot.com/\",\"https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/google-cloud\",\"https://twitter.com/GoogleCloud_sg\",\"https://www.facebook.com/googlecloud\",\"https://www.youtube.com/GoogleCloudAPAC\"]],[2025,2,17],[[\"en\",\"x-default\"],\"x-default\"],[null,true],null,\"/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance?hl\\u003den\",[\"6LcsrxUqAAAAAFhpR1lXsPN2j2nsTwy6JTbRKzJr\"]]","LVIXXb":1,"LoQv7e":false,"M55kSc":"%.@.]","MT7f9b":[],"MUE6Ne":"TransformBlogUi","PylxI":"%.@.\"cloudblog\",\"products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance\",[\"en\",\"de\",\"fr\",\"ko\",\"ja\"],\"en\",null,\"https://cloud.google.com/blog\",\"blog_article\",\"cloud.google.com\",[\"https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/\",\"https://cloud.google.com/contact/\",\"https://cloud.google.com/\",\"https://cloud.google.com/blog\",\"https://cloud.google.com/\",\"https://www.google.com/\",\"https://cloud.google.com/products/\",\"https://about.google.com/products/\",\"https://about.google/intl/en/\",\"https://support.google.com\"],[\"googlecloud\",\"googlecloud\",\"showcase/google-cloud\",\"googlecloud/\",\"googlecloud/\"],true]","QrtxK":"","S06Grb":"","S6lZl":105833389,"TSDtV":"%.@.[[null,[[45532645,null,true,null,null,null,\"wFnpse\"],[45449433,null,true,null,null,null,\"BotAtd\"],[45662378,null,true,null,null,null,\"DG71uf\"],[45449449,null,true,null,null,null,\"b5B1L\"],[45671693,null,false,null,null,null,\"U3qtXc\"],[45646404,null,false,null,null,null,\"tfPPe\"],[45651445,null,true,null,null,null,\"XzXOC\"],[45631885,null,false,null,null,null,\"kG32O\"],[45449445,null,true,null,null,null,\"C4H3Td\"],[45649370,null,true,null,null,null,\"LibkZ\"],[45657332,null,true,null,null,null,\"oBUucf\"],[45449438,null,false,null,null,null,\"m0uJSe\"],[45675648,null,true,null,null,null,\"QQ53xf\"],[45678264,null,false,null,null,null,\"ELAPBf\"],[45449467,null,null,null,\"variant3\",null,\"qL2Vf\"],[45672660,null,false,null,null,null,\"yquuPe\"],[45449469,null,null,null,\"default\",null,\"mBNY1\"],[45449434,null,true,null,null,null,\"PvZHQ\"],[45664077,null,false,null,null,null,\"w1axY\"],[45449423,null,null,null,\"default\",null,\"FIJFKf\"],[45449435,null,false,null,null,null,\"s7Z7Ld\"],[45659313,null,true,null,null,null,\"i2rGv\"],[45532646,null,true,null,null,null,\"RIvlU\"],[45449439,null,true,null,null,null,\"lsuui\"],[45650156,null,true,null,null,null,\"Pr5Lcf\"],[45651724,null,true,null,null,null,\"xYDLRc\"],[45672575,null,true,null,null,null,\"XvhzSc\"],[45449444,null,true,null,null,null,\"HGJqie\"],[45663526,null,false,null,null,null,\"kG33G\"],[45449436,null,false,null,null,null,\"NCoWOd\"],[45667527,null,true,null,null,null,\"Qzt9sd\"],[45449424,null,null,null,\"default\",null,\"PB4oCc\"],[45643590,null,false,null,null,null,\"w7jzef\"],[45674523,null,false,null,null,null,\"EB3TEf\"],[45449442,null,true,null,null,null,\"dsKk4d\"],[45672570,null,true,null,null,null,\"N2GVqc\"],[45663339,null,true,null,null,null,\"OEmSkb\"],[45664956,null,true,null,null,null,\"aeNUHe\"],[45459555,null,false,null,null,null,\"Imeoqb\"],[45449440,null,false,null,null,null,\"j9nUqf\"],[45449471,null,null,null,\"default\",null,\"Ammqqf\"],[45612748,null,false,null,null,null,\"fdXYmb\"],[45671281,null,false,null,null,null,\"TQUxrf\"],[45449443,null,false,null,null,null,\"wvKxS\"],[45616194,null,false,null,null,null,\"y3jdm\"],[45449428,null,null,null,\"default\",null,\"cbPi4d\"],[45449450,null,false,null,null,null,\"PTNaKe\"],[45449446,null,true,null,null,null,\"ktxJzc\"],[45449468,null,null,null,\"control\",null,\"BUEcUe\"],[45672461,null,false,null,null,null,\"Nf7gI\"],[45449422,null,null,null,\"default\",null,\"epsxQe\"],[45628378,null,true,null,null,null,\"hRRuzd\"],[45662552,null,true,null,null,null,\"epuB3d\"],[45655733,null,true,null,null,null,\"xPTOyb\"]],\"CAMSKB0h4c2IEJ3+BPTvF/2KA82ttBLx8+UGCMTHEvxo3zT2xAIF30C/+AY\\u003d\"]]]","UUFaWc":"%.@.null,1000,2]","Vvafkd":false,"Yllh3e":"%.@.1739789792059568,88849730,825953676]","aAofAd":"%.@.[[[\"Solutions \\u0026 technology\",null,[[[\"AI \\u0026 Machine Learning\",\"/blog/products/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"API Management\",\"/blog/products/api-management\"],[\"Application Development\",\"/blog/products/application-development\"],[\"Application Modernization\",\"/blog/products/application-modernization\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"/blog/products/chrome-enterprise\"],[\"Compute\",\"/blog/products/compute\"],[\"Containers \\u0026 Kubernetes\",\"/blog/products/containers-kubernetes\"],[\"Data Analytics\",\"/blog/products/data-analytics\"],[\"Databases\",\"/blog/products/databases\"],[\"DevOps \\u0026 SRE\",\"/blog/products/devops-sre\"],[\"Maps \\u0026 Geospatial\",\"/blog/topics/maps-geospatial\"],[\"Security\",null,[[[\"Security \\u0026 Identity\",\"/blog/products/identity-security\"],[\"Threat Intelligence\",\"/blog/topics/threat-intelligence\"]]]],[\"Infrastructure\",\"/blog/products/infrastructure\"],[\"Infrastructure Modernization\",\"/blog/products/infrastructure-modernization\"],[\"Networking\",\"/blog/products/networking\"],[\"Productivity \\u0026 Collaboration\",\"/blog/products/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"SAP on Google Cloud\",\"/blog/products/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"Storage \\u0026 Data Transfer\",\"/blog/products/storage-data-transfer\"],[\"Sustainability\",\"/blog/topics/sustainability\"]]]],[\"Ecosystem\",null,[[[\"IT Leaders\",\"/transform\"],[\"Industries\",null,[[[\"Financial Services\",\"/blog/topics/financial-services\"],[\"Healthcare \\u0026 Life Sciences\",\"/blog/topics/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"Manufacturing\",\"/blog/topics/manufacturing\"],[\"Media \\u0026 Entertainment\",\"/blog/products/media-entertainment\"],[\"Public Sector\",\"/blog/topics/public-sector\"],[\"Retail\",\"/blog/topics/retail\"],[\"Supply Chain\",\"/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics\"],[\"Telecommunications\",\"/blog/topics/telecommunications\"]]]],[\"Partners\",\"/blog/topics/partners\"],[\"Startups \\u0026 SMB\",\"/blog/topics/startups\"],[\"Training \\u0026 Certifications\",\"/blog/topics/training-certifications\"],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",\"/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud\"],[\"Google Cloud Next \\u0026 Events\",\"/blog/topics/google-cloud-next\"],[\"Google Cloud Consulting\",\"/blog/topics/consulting\"],[\"Google Maps Platform\",\"https://mapsplatform.google.com/resources/blog/\"],[\"Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/blog\"]]]],[\"Developers \\u0026 Practitioners\",\"/blog/topics/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Transform with Google Cloud\",\"/transform\"]]],[[\"de\",[[[\"Neuigkeiten\",\"/blog/de/topics/whats-new/aktuelles-auf-dem-google-cloud-blog\"],[\"Lösungen \\u0026 Technologien\",null,[[[\"Anwendungsentwicklung\",\"/blog/de/products/application-development\"],[\"Anwendungsmodernisierung\",\"/blog/de/products/anwendungsmodernisierung\"],[\"API-Verwaltung\",\"/blog/de/products/api-management\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"/blog/de/products/chrome-enterprise\"],[\"Computing\",\"/blog/de/products/compute\"],[\"Containers \\u0026 Kubernetes\",\"/blog/de/products/containers-kubernetes\"],[\"Datenanalysen\",\"/blog/de/products/data-analytics\"],[\"Datenbanken\",\"/blog/de/products/databases\"],[\"DevOps \\u0026 SRE\",\"/blog/de/products/devops-sre\"],[\"Infrastruktur\",\"/blog/de/products/infrastructure\"],[\"KI \\u0026 Machine Learning\",\"/blog/de/products/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"Maps \\u0026 Geospatial\",\"/blog/de/topics/maps-geospatial\"],[\"Modernisierung der Infrastruktur\",\"/blog/de/products/modernisierung-der-infrastruktur\"],[\"Nachhaltigkeit\",\"/blog/de/topics/nachhaltigkeit\"],[\"Netzwerk\",\"/blog/de/products/networking\"],[\"Produktivität und Zusammenarbeit\",\"/blog/de/products/produktivitaet-und-kollaboration\"],[\"SAP in Google Cloud\",\"/blog/de/products/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"Sicherheit \\u0026 Identität\",\"/blog/de/products/identity-security\"],[\"Speicher und Datentransfer\",\"/blog/de/products/storage-data-transfer\"]]]],[\"Ökosystem\",null,[[[\"IT Leader\",\"/transform/de\"],[\"Industrien\",null,[[[\"Behörden und öffentlicher Sektor\",\"/blog/de/topics/public-sector\"],[\"Einzelhandel\",\"/blog/de/topics/retail\"],[\"Fertigung\",\"/blog/de/topics/fertigung\"],[\"Finanzdienstleistungen\",\"/blog/de/topics/financial-services\"],[\"Gesundheitswesen und Biowissenschaften\",\"/blog/de/topics/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"Lieferkette und Logistik\",\"/blog/de/topics/lieferkette-und-logistik\"],[\"Medien und Unterhaltung\",\"/blog/de/products/media-entertainment\"],[\"Telekommunikation\",\"/blog/de/topics/telecommunications\"]]]],[\"Entwickler*innen \\u0026 Fachkräfte\",\"/blog/de/topics/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Google Cloud Next \\u0026 Events\",\"/blog/de/topics/events\"],[\"Google Maps Platform\",\"/blog/de/products/maps-platform\"],[\"Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/blog/de\"],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",\"/blog/de/topics/inside-google-cloud\"],[\"Kunden\",\"/blog/de/topics/kunden\"],[\"Partner\",\"/blog/de/topics/partners\"],[\"Start-ups und KMU\",\"/blog/de/topics/startups\"],[\"Training und Zertifizierung\",\"/blog/de/topics/training-certifications\"]]]],[\"Transformation mit Google Cloud\",\"/transform/de\"]]]],[\"en\",[[[\"Solutions \\u0026 technology\",null,[[[\"AI \\u0026 Machine Learning\",\"/blog/products/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"API Management\",\"/blog/products/api-management\"],[\"Application Development\",\"/blog/products/application-development\"],[\"Application Modernization\",\"/blog/products/application-modernization\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"/blog/products/chrome-enterprise\"],[\"Compute\",\"/blog/products/compute\"],[\"Containers \\u0026 Kubernetes\",\"/blog/products/containers-kubernetes\"],[\"Data Analytics\",\"/blog/products/data-analytics\"],[\"Databases\",\"/blog/products/databases\"],[\"DevOps \\u0026 SRE\",\"/blog/products/devops-sre\"],[\"Maps \\u0026 Geospatial\",\"/blog/topics/maps-geospatial\"],[\"Security\",null,[[[\"Security \\u0026 Identity\",\"/blog/products/identity-security\"],[\"Threat Intelligence\",\"/blog/topics/threat-intelligence\"]]]],[\"Infrastructure\",\"/blog/products/infrastructure\"],[\"Infrastructure Modernization\",\"/blog/products/infrastructure-modernization\"],[\"Networking\",\"/blog/products/networking\"],[\"Productivity \\u0026 Collaboration\",\"/blog/products/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"SAP on Google Cloud\",\"/blog/products/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"Storage \\u0026 Data Transfer\",\"/blog/products/storage-data-transfer\"],[\"Sustainability\",\"/blog/topics/sustainability\"]]]],[\"Ecosystem\",null,[[[\"IT Leaders\",\"/transform\"],[\"Industries\",null,[[[\"Financial Services\",\"/blog/topics/financial-services\"],[\"Healthcare \\u0026 Life Sciences\",\"/blog/topics/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"Manufacturing\",\"/blog/topics/manufacturing\"],[\"Media \\u0026 Entertainment\",\"/blog/products/media-entertainment\"],[\"Public Sector\",\"/blog/topics/public-sector\"],[\"Retail\",\"/blog/topics/retail\"],[\"Supply Chain\",\"/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics\"],[\"Telecommunications\",\"/blog/topics/telecommunications\"]]]],[\"Partners\",\"/blog/topics/partners\"],[\"Startups \\u0026 SMB\",\"/blog/topics/startups\"],[\"Training \\u0026 Certifications\",\"/blog/topics/training-certifications\"],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",\"/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud\"],[\"Google Cloud Next \\u0026 Events\",\"/blog/topics/google-cloud-next\"],[\"Google Cloud Consulting\",\"/blog/topics/consulting\"],[\"Google Maps Platform\",\"https://mapsplatform.google.com/resources/blog/\"],[\"Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/blog\"]]]],[\"Developers \\u0026 Practitioners\",\"/blog/topics/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Transform with Google Cloud\",\"/transform\"]]]],[\"fr\",[[[\"Les tendances\",\"/blog/fr/topics/les-tendances/quelles-sont-les-nouveautes-de-google-cloud\"],[\"Solutions et Technologie\",null,[[[\"Analyse de données\",\"/blog/fr/products/analyse-de-donnees/\"],[\"Bases de données\",\"/blog/fr/products/databases\"],[\"Calcul\",\"/blog/fr/products/calcul/\"],[\"Chrome Entreprise\",\"/blog/fr/products/chrome-enterprise/\"],[\"Conteneurs et Kubernetes\",\"/blog/fr/products/conteneurs-et-kubernetes/\"],[\"Développement d\u0027Applications\",\"/blog/fr/products/application-development\"],[\"Développement durable\",\"/blog/fr/topics/developpement-durable\"],[\"DevOps et ingénierie SRE\",\"/blog/fr/products/devops-sre\"],[\"Gestion des API\",\"/blog/fr/products/api-management\"],[\"IA et Machine Learning\",\"/blog/fr/products/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"Infrastructure\",\"/blog/fr/products/infrastructure\"],[\"Maps et Géospatial\",\"/blog/fr/topics/maps-geospatial\"],[\"Modernisation d\u0027Applications\",\"/blog/fr/products/modernisation-dapplications/\"],[\"Modernisation d\u0027Infrastructure\",\"/blog/fr/products/modernisation-dinfrastructure/\"],[\"Networking\",\"/blog/fr/products/networking\"],[\"Productivité et Collaboration\",\"/blog/fr/products/productivite-et-collaboration\"],[\"SAP sur Google Cloud\",\"/blog/fr/products/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"Sécurité et Identité\",\"/blog/fr/products/identity-security\"],[\"Stockage et transfert de données\",\"/blog/fr/products/storage-data-transfer\"]]]],[\"Écosystème\",null,[[[\"Responsables IT\",\"/transform/fr\"],[\"Industries\",null,[[[\"Commerce\",\"/blog/fr/topics/retail\"],[\"Manufacturing\",\"/blog/fr/topics/manufacturing\"],[\"Médias et Divertissement\",\"/blog/fr/products/media-entertainment\"],[\"Santé\",\"/blog/fr/topics/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"Secteur Public\",\"/blog/fr/topics/public-sector\"],[\"Services Financiers\",\"/blog/fr/topics/financial-services\"],[\"Supply Chain\",\"/blog/fr/topics/supply-chain/\"],[\"Telecommunications\",\"/blog/fr/topics/telecommunications\"]]]],[\"Clients\",\"/blog/fr/topics/clients/\"],[\"Développeurs et professionnels\",\"/blog/fr/topics/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Formations et certifications\",\"/blog/fr/topics/training-certifications\"],[\"Google Cloud Next et Événements\",\"/blog/fr/topics/evenements\"],[\"Google Maps Platform\",\"/blog/fr/products/maps-platform\"],[\"Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/blog/fr\"],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",\"/blog/fr/topics/inside-google-cloud\"],[\"Partenaires\",\"/blog/fr/topics/partners\"],[\"Start-ups et PME\",\"/blog/fr/topics/startups\"]]]],[\"Transformer avec Google Cloud\",\"/transform/fr\"]]]],[\"ja\",[[[\"ソリューションとテクノロジー\",null,[[[\"AI \\u0026 機械学習\",\"/blog/ja/products/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"API 管理\",\"/blog/ja/products/api-management\"],[\"アプリケーション開発\",\"/blog/ja/products/application-development\"],[\"アプリケーションモダナイゼーション\",\"/blog/ja/products/application-modernization\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"/blog/ja/products/chrome-enterprise\"],[\"コンピューティング\",\"/blog/ja/products/compute\"],[\"Containers \\u0026 Kubernetes\",\"/blog/ja/products/containers-kubernetes\"],[\"データ分析\",\"/blog/ja/products/data-analytics\"],[\"データベース\",\"/blog/ja/products/databases\"],[\"DevOps \\u0026 SRE\",\"/blog/ja/products/devops-sre\"],[\"Maps \\u0026 Geospatial\",\"/blog/ja/products/maps-platform\"],[\"セキュリティ\",null,[[[\"セキュリティ \\u0026 アイデンティティ\",\"/blog/ja/products/identity-security\"],[\"脅威インテリジェンス\",\"/blog/ja/topics/threat-intelligence\"]]]],[\"インフラストラクチャ\",\"/blog/ja/products/infrastructure\"],[\"インフラモダナイゼーション\",\"/blog/ja/products/infrastructure-modernization\"],[\"ネットワーキング\",\"/blog/ja/products/networking\"],[\"生産性とコラボレーション\",\"/blog/ja/products/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"Google Cloud での SAP\",\"/blog/ja/products/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"ストレージとデータ転送\",\"/blog/ja/products/storage-data-transfer\"],[\"サステナビリティ\",\"/blog/ja/topics/sustainability\"]]]],[\"エコシステム\",null,[[[\"ITリーダー\",\"/transform/ja\"],[\"業種\",null,[[[\"金融サービス\",\"/blog/ja/topics/financial-services\"],[\"ヘルスケア、ライフサイエンス\",\"/blog/ja/topics/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"製造\",\"/blog/ja/topics/manufacturing\"],[\"メディア、エンターテイメント\",\"/blog/ja/products/media-entertainment\"],[\"公共部門\",\"/blog/ja/topics/public-sector\"],[\"小売業\",\"/blog/ja/topics/retail\"],[\"サプライチェーン\",\"/blog/ja/topics/supply-chain-logistics\"],[\"通信\",\"/blog/ja/topics/telecommunications\"]]]],[\"顧客事例\",\"/blog/ja/topics/customers\"],[\"パートナー\",\"/blog/ja/topics/partners\"],[\"スタートアップ \\u0026 SMB\",\"/blog/ja/topics/startups\"],[\"トレーニングと認定\",\"/blog/ja/topics/training-certifications\"],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",\"/blog/ja/topics/inside-google-cloud\"],[\"Google Cloud Next とイベント\",\"/blog/ja/topics/google-cloud-next\"],[\"Google Maps Platform\",\"/blog/ja/products/maps-platform\"],[\"Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/blog/ja\"]]]],[\"デベロッパー\",\"/blog/ja/topics/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Transform with Google Cloud\",\"/transform/ja\"]]]],[\"ko\",[[[\"솔루션 및 기술\",null,[[[\"AI 및 머신러닝\",\"/blog/ko/products/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"API 관리\",\"/blog/ko/products/api-management\"],[\"애플리케이션 개발\",\"/blog/ko/products/application-development\"],[\"애플리케이션 현대화\",\"/blog/ko/products/application-modernization\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"/blog/products/chrome-enterprise\"],[\"컴퓨팅\",\"/blog/ko/products/compute\"],[\"컨테이너 \\u0026 Kubernetes\",\"/blog/ko/products/containers-kubernetes\"],[\"데이터 분석\",\"/blog/ko/products/data-analytics\"],[\"데이터베이스\",\"/blog/ko/products/databases\"],[\"DevOps 및 SRE\",\"/blog/ko/products/devops-sre\"],[\"Maps \\u0026 Geospatial\",\"/blog/ko/products/maps-platform\"],[\"보안\",null,[[[\"보안 \\u0026 아이덴티티\",\"/blog/ko/products/identity-security\"],[\"위협 인텔리전스\",\"/blog/ko/topics/threat-intelligence\"]]]],[\"인프라\",\"/blog/ko/products/infrastructure\"],[\"Infrastructure Modernization\",\"/blog/ko/products/infrastructure-modernization\"],[\"네트워킹\",\"/blog/ko/products/networking\"],[\"생산성 및 공동작업\",\"/blog/ko/products/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"SAP on Google Cloud\",\"/blog/ko/products/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"스토리지 및 데이터 전송\",\"/blog/ko/products/storage-data-transfer\"],[\"지속가능성\",\"/blog/ko/topics/sustainability\"]]]],[\"에코시스템\",null,[[[\"IT Leaders\",\"/transform/ko\"],[\"업종\",null,[[[\"금융 서비스\",\"/blog/ko/topics/financial-services\"],[\"의료 및 생명과학\",\"/blog/ko/topics/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"제조업\",\"/blog/ko/topics/manufacturing\"],[\"미디어 및 엔터테인먼트\",\"/blog/ko/products/media-entertainment\"],[\"공공부문\",\"/blog/ko/topics/public-sector\"],[\"소매업\",\"/blog/ko/topics/retail\"],[\"공급망\",\"/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics\"],[\"통신\",\"/blog/ko/topics/telecommunications\"]]]],[\"고객 사례\",\"/blog/ko/topics/customers\"],[\"파트너\",\"/blog/ko/topics/partners\"],[\"스타트업 \\u0026 SMB\",\"/blog/ko/topics/startups\"],[\"교육 \\u0026 인증\",\"/blog/ko/topics/training-certifications\"],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",\"/blog/ko/topics/inside-google-cloud\"],[\"Google Cloud Next 및 이벤트\",\"/blog/ko/topics/google-cloud-next\"],[\"Google Maps Platform\",\"/blog/ko/products/maps-platform\"],[\"Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/blog/ko\"]]]],[\"개발 및 IT운영\",\"/blog/ko/topics/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Google Cloud와 함께 하는 디지털 혁신\",\"/transform/ko\"]]]]]]","cfb2h":"boq_cloudx-web-blog-uiserver_20250213.07_p0","eptZe":"/blog/_/TransformBlogUi/","f8POw":"%.@.[97848710,97656897,97442197,97969449,48830069,1714242,97863042,97953322,97960269,48554497,97785986,97869659,1706538,97960272,48897392,97496386,93778619,98002146,97535270,48489830,97933472,97656881,97442181,97785970,97496370],null,null,null,null,true]","fPDxwd":[97496386,97848710,97863042,97869659,97960269],"gGcLoe":false,"iCzhFc":false,"nQyAE":{"b5B1L":"true","PTNaKe":"false","ktxJzc":"true","BUEcUe":"control","kG32O":"false","C4H3Td":"true","QQ53xf":"true","Pr5Lcf":"true","kG33G":"false","EB3TEf":"false","aeNUHe":"true","j9nUqf":"false","wvKxS":"false","wFnpse":"true","U3qtXc":"false","tfPPe":"false","m0uJSe":"false","ELAPBf":"false","yquuPe":"false","PvZHQ":"true","s7Z7Ld":"false","i2rGv":"true","RIvlU":"true","lsuui":"true","XvhzSc":"true","HGJqie":"true","NCoWOd":"false","Qzt9sd":"true","dsKk4d":"true","N2GVqc":"true","fdXYmb":"false","TQUxrf":"false","Nf7gI":"false","epuB3d":"true","BotAtd":"true"},"p9hQne":"https://www.gstatic.com/_/boq-cloudx-web-blog/_/r/","qwAQke":"TransformBlogUi","rtQCxc":-480,"u4g7r":"%.@.null,1,2]","vJ2GOe":"%.@.null,[[\"de\",[[[\"Themen\",null,[[[\"Product Announcements\",\"/blog/de/product-announcements\"],[\"KI \\u0026 Machine Learning\",\"/blog/de/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"Produktivität und Kollaboration\",\"/blog/de/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"Identität und Sicherheit\",\"/blog/de/identity-and-security\"],[\"Future of Work\",\"/blog/de/future-of-work\"],[\"Hybrides Arbeiten\",\"/blog/de/hybrid-work\"],[\"Kundenreferenzen\",\"/blog/de/customer-stories\"],[\"Entwickler*innen und Fachkräfte\",\"/blog/de/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Partner\",\"/blog/de/partners\"],[\"Events\",\"/blog/de/events\"],[\"Öffentlicher Sektor\",\"/blog/de/public-sector\"]]]],[\"Produktneuigkeiten\",null,[[[\"Gmail\",\"/blog/de/gmail\"],[\"Meet\",\"/blog/de/meet\"],[\"Chat and Spaces\",\"/blog/de/chat-spaces\"],[\"Drive\",\"/blog/de/drive\"],[\"Docs\",\"/blog/de/docs\"],[\"Sheets\",\"/blog/de/sheets\"]]]]]]],[\"en\",[[[\"Topics\",null,[[[\"Product Announcements\",\"/blog/product-announcements\"],[\"AI and Machine Learning\",\"/blog/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"Productivity and Collaboration\",\"/blog/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"Identity and Security\",\"/blog/identity-and-security\"],[\"Future of Work\",\"/blog/future-of-work\"],[\"Hybrid Work\",\"/blog/hybrid-work\"],[\"Customer Stories\",\"/blog/customer-stories\"],[\"Developers and Practitioners\",\"/blog/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Partners\",\"/blog/partners\"],[\"Events\",\"/blog/events\"],[\"Public Sector\",\"/blog/public-sector\"]]]],[\"Product News\",null,[[[\"Gmail\",\"/blog/gmail\"],[\"Meet\",\"/blog/meet\"],[\"Chat and Spaces\",\"/blog/chat-spaces\"],[\"Drive\",\"/blog/drive\"],[\"Docs\",\"/blog/docs\"],[\"Sheets\",\"/blog/sheets\"]]]]]]],[\"fr\",[[[\"Thèmes\",null,[[[\"Product Announcements\",\"/blog/fr/product-announcements\"],[\"IA et Machine Learning\",\"/blog/fr/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"Productivité et Collaboration\",\"/blog/fr/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"Identité et Sécurité\",\"/blog/fr/identity-and-security\"],[\"L\u0027avenir du travail\",\"/blog/fr/future-of-work\"],[\"Travail hybride\",\"/blog/fr/hybrid-work\"],[\"Témoignages Clients\",\"/blog/fr/customer-stories\"],[\"Développeurs et professionnels\",\"/blog/fr/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Partenaires\",\"/blog/fr/partners\"],[\"Événements\",\"/blog/fr/events\"],[\"Secteur Public\",\"/blog/fr/public-sector\"]]]],[\"Annonces sur les produits\",null,[[[\"Gmail\",\"/blog/fr/gmail\"],[\"Meet\",\"/blog/fr/meet\"],[\"Chat et Spaces\",\"/blog/fr/chat-spaces\"],[\"Drive\",\"/blog/fr/drive\"],[\"Docs\",\"/blog/fr/docs\"],[\"Sheets\",\"/blog/fr/sheets\"]]]]]]],[\"ja\",[[[\"トピック\",null,[[[\"プロダクトの発表\",\"/blog/ja/product-announcements\"],[\"AI \\u0026 機械学習\",\"/blog/ja/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"生産性とコラボレーション\",\"/blog/ja/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"アイデンティティとセキュリティ\",\"/blog/ja/identity-and-security\"],[\"未来の働き方\",\"/blog/ja/future-of-work\"],[\"ハイブリッドな働き方\",\"/blog/ja/hybrid-work\"],[\"顧客事例\",\"/blog/ja/customer-stories\"],[\"デベロッパー\",\"/blog/ja/developers-practitioners\"],[\"パートナー\",\"/blog/ja/partners\"],[\"イベント\",\"/blog/ja/events\"],[\"公共部門\",\"/blog/ja/public-sector\"]]]],[\"製品ニュース\",null,[[[\"Gmail\",\"/blog/ja/gmail\"],[\"Meet\",\"/blog/ja/meet\"],[\"Chat and Spaces\",\"/blog/ja/chat-spaces\"],[\"ドライブ\",\"/blog/ja/drive\"],[\"ドキュメント\",\"/blog/ja/docs\"],[\"スプレッドシート\",\"/blog/ja/sheets\"]]]]]]],[\"ko\",[[[\"주제\",null,[[[\"제품 업데이트\",\"/blog/ko/product-announcements\"],[\"AI 및 머신러닝\",\"/blog/ko/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"생산성 및 공동작업\",\"/blog/ko/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"인증 및 보안 \",\"/blog/ko/identity-and-security\"],[\"Future of Work\",\"/blog/ko/future-of-work\"],[\"하이브리드 업무\",\"/blog/ko/hybrid-work\"],[\"고객 사례\",\"/blog/ko/customer-stories\"],[\"개발자\",\"/blog/ko/developers-practitioners\"],[\"파트너\",\"/blog/ko/partners\"],[\"이벤트\",\"/blog/ko/events\"],[\"공공부문\",\"/blog/ko/public-sector\"]]]],[\"제품 소식\",null,[[[\"Gmail\",\"/blog/ko/gmail\"],[\"Meet\",\"/blog/ko/meet\"],[\"Chat 및 Spaces\",\"/blog/ko/chat-spaces\"],[\"Drive\",\"/blog/ko/drive\"],[\"Docs\",\"/blog/ko/docs\"],[\"Sheets\",\"/blog/ko/sheets\"]]]]]]]],null,[[\"de\",[[[[[\"Enthaltene Anwendungen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/features/\",[[[\"Gmail\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/gmail/\"],[\"Meet\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/meet/\"],[\"Chat\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/chat/\"],[\"Kalender\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/calendar/\"],[\"Drive\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/drive/\"],[\"Docs\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/docs/\"],[\"Tabellen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/sheets/\"],[\"Präsentationen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/slides/\"],[\"Formulare\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/forms/\"],[\"Sites\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/sites/\"],[\"Notizen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/keep/\"],[\"Apps Script\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/apps-script/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Sicherheit und Verwaltung\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/security/\",[[[\"Admin\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/admin/\"],[\"Endpunkt\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/admin/endpoint/\"],[\"Vault\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/vault/\"],[\"Work Insights\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/workinsights/\"]]]],[\"Lösungen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/solutions/\",[[[\"Neue Unternehmen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/business/new-business/\"],[\"Kleine Unternehmen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/business/small-business/\"],[\"Große Unternehmen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/enterprise/\"],[\"Education\",\"https://edu.google.com/products/workspace-for-education/education-fundamentals/\"],[\"Nonprofit-Organisationen\",\"https://www.google.com/nonprofits/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Preise\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/pricing.html\",[[[\"Version auswählen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/pricing.html\"]]]],[\"Add-ons\",null,[[[\"Gemini für Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/solutions/ai/\"],[\"Google Voice\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/voice/\"],[\"AppSheet\",\"https://about.appsheet.com/home/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Ressourcen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/faq/\",[[[\"Telearbeit\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/resources/working-remotely/\"],[\"Sicherheit\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/security/\"],[\"FAQ\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/faq/\"],[\"Partner\",\"https://cloud.withgoogle.com/partners/?products\\u003dGOOGLE_WORKSPACE_PRODUCT\"],[\"Google Workspace Marketplace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/marketplace/?hl\\u003dde\"],[\"Integrationen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/integrations/\"],[\"Schulung \\u0026 Zertifizierung\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/training/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Schulung und Support\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/support/\",[[[\"Admin-Hilfe\",\"https://support.google.com/a/#topic\\u003d29157\"],[\"Einrichtungs- und Bereitstellungscenter\",\"https://support.google.com/a/answer/6365252?hl\\u003dde\"],[\"Schulungscenter für Nutzer\",\"https://support.google.com/a/users?hl\\u003dde#topic\\u003d11499463\"],[\"Foren für Administratoren\",\"https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!forum/apps\"],[\"Google Workspace-Dashboard\",\"https://www.google.com/appsstatus\"],[\"Presse\",\"https://cloud.google.com/press/\"]]]],[\"Mehr von Google\",null,[[[\"Google Cloud\",\"https://cloud.google.com/?hl\\u003dde\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"https://chromeenterprise.google/\"],[\"Google Lösungen für Unternehmen\",\"https://www.google.com/intl/de/services/\"],[\"Google Ads\",\"https://ads.google.com/home/?subid\\u003dde-de-xs-aw-z-a-dyn-accounts_wsft!o3\"],[\"Business Messages\",\"https://businessmessages.google/\"],[\"An Nutzerstudien teilnehmen\",\"https://userresearch.google.com/?reserved\\u003d0\\u0026utm_source\\u003dgsuite.google.com\\u0026Q_Language\\u003den\\u0026utm_medium\\u003down_srch\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dGlobal-GSuite\\u0026utm_term\\u003d0\\u0026utm_content\\u003d0\\u0026productTag\\u003dgafw\\u0026campaignDate\\u003dnov18\\u0026pType\\u003dbprof\\u0026referral_code\\u003dug422768\"]]]]]]]]],[\"en\",[[[[[\"Included applications\",\"https://workspace.google.com/features/\",[[[\"Gmail\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/gmail/\"],[\"Meet\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/meet/\"],[\"Chat\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/chat/\"],[\"Calendar\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/calendar/\"],[\"Drive\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/drive/\"],[\"Docs\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/docs/\"],[\"Sheets\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/sheets/\"],[\"Slides\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/slides/\"],[\"Forms\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/forms/\"],[\"Sites\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/sites/\"],[\"Keep\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/keep/\"],[\"Apps Script\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/apps-script/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Security and management\",\"https://workspace.google.com/security/\",[[[\"Admin\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/admin/\"],[\"Endpoint\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/admin/endpoint/\"],[\"Vault\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/vault/\"],[\"Work Insights\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/workinsights/\"]]]],[\"Solutions\",\"https://workspace.google.com/solutions/\",[[[\"New Business\",\"https://workspace.google.com/business/new-business/\"],[\"Small Business\",\"https://workspace.google.com/business/small-business/\"],[\"Enterprise\",\"https://workspace.google.com/enterprise/\"],[\"Retail\",\"https://workspace.google.com/industries/retail/\"],[\"Manufacturing\",\"https://workspace.google.com/industries/manufacturing/\"],[\"Professional Services\",\"https://workspace.google.com/industries/professional-services/\"],[\"Technology\",\"https://workspace.google.com/industries/technology/\"],[\"Healthcare\",\"https://workspace.google.com/industries/healthcare/\"],[\"Government\",\"https://workspace.google.com/industries/government/\"],[\"Education\",\"https://edu.google.com/products/workspace-for-education/education-fundamentals/\"],[\"Nonprofits\",\"https://www.google.com/nonprofits/\"],[\"Artificial Intelligence\",\"https://workspace.google.com/solutions/ai/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Pricing\",\"https://workspace.google.com/pricing.html\",[[[\"Compare pricing plans\",\"https://workspace.google.com/pricing.html\"]]]],[\"Add-ons\",null,[[[\"Gemini for Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/solutions/ai/\"],[\"Meet hardware\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/meet-hardware/\"],[\"Google Voice\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/voice/\"],[\"AppSheet\",\"https://about.appsheet.com/home/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Resources\",\"https://workspace.google.com/faq/\",[[[\"Working remotely\",\"https://workspace.google.com/resources/working-remotely/\"],[\"Security\",\"https://workspace.google.com/security/\"],[\"Customer Stories\",\"https://workspace.google.com/customers/\"],[\"FAQs\",\"https://workspace.google.com/faq/\"],[\"Partners\",\"https://cloud.withgoogle.com/partners/?products\\u003dGOOGLE_WORKSPACE_PRODUCT\"],[\"Marketplace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/marketplace/\"],[\"Integrations\",\"https://workspace.google.com/integrations/\"],[\"Training \\u0026 Certification\",\"https://workspace.google.com/training/\"],[\"Refer Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/landing/partners/referral/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Learning and support\",\"https://workspace.google.com/support/\",[[[\"Admin Help\",\"https://support.google.com/a/#topic\\u003d29157\"],[\"Setup and Deployment Center\",\"https://support.google.com/a/answer/6365252\"],[\"Learning Center for Users\",\"https://support.google.com/a/users#topic\\u003d11499463\"],[\"Forums for Admins\",\"https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!forum/apps\"],[\"Google Workspace Dashboard\",\"https://www.google.com/appsstatus\"],[\"What\u0027s New in Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/whatsnew/\"],[\"Find a Google Workspace Partner\",\"https://www.google.com/a/partnersearch/\"],[\"Join the community of IT Admins\",\"https://www.googlecloudcommunity.com/gc/Google-Workspace/ct-p/google-workspace\"],[\"Press\",\"https://cloud.google.com/press/\"]]]],[\"More from Google\",null,[[[\"Google Cloud\",\"https://cloud.google.com/\"],[\"Google Domains\",\"https://domains.google.com/about/?utm_source\\u003dgoogleappsforwork\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dreferral\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dgooglepromos\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"https://chromeenterprise.google/\"],[\"Google Business Solutions\",\"https://www.google.com/services/\"],[\"Google Ads\",\"https://ads.google.com/home/?subid\\u003dus-en-xs-aw-z-a-dyn-accounts_wsft!o3\"],[\"Business Messages\",\"https://businessmessages.google/\"],[\"Join User Studies\",\"https://userresearch.google.com/?reserved\\u003d0\\u0026utm_source\\u003dgsuite.google.com\\u0026Q_Language\\u003den\\u0026utm_medium\\u003down_srch\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dGlobal-GSuite\\u0026utm_term\\u003d0\\u0026utm_content\\u003d0\\u0026productTag\\u003dgafw\\u0026campaignDate\\u003dnov18\\u0026pType\\u003dbprof\\u0026referral_code\\u003dug422768\"]]]]]]]]],[\"fr\",[[[[[\"Enthaltene Anwendungen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/features/\",[[[\"Gmail\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/gmail/\"],[\"Meet\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/meet/\"],[\"Chat\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/chat/\"],[\"Google Agenda\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/calendar/\"],[\"Drive\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/drive/\"],[\"Docs\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/docs/\"],[\"Sheets\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/sheets/\"],[\"Slides\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/slides/\"],[\"Forms\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/forms/\"],[\"Google Sites\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/sites/\"],[\"Keep\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/keep/\"],[\"Apps Script\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/apps-script/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Sécurité et gestion\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/security/\",[[[\"Console d\u0027administration\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/admin/\"],[\"Point de terminaison\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/admin/endpoint/\"],[\"Vault\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/vault/\"],[\"Work Insights\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/workinsights/\"]]]],[\"Solutions\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/solutions/\",[[[\"Nouvelle entreprise\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/business/new-business/\"],[\"PME\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/business/small-business/\"],[\"Grande entreprise\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/enterprise/\"],[\"Education\",\"https://edu.google.com/products/workspace-for-education/education-fundamentals/\"],[\"Associations\",\"https://www.google.com/nonprofits/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Tarifs\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/pricing.html\",[[[\"Choisissez une édition\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/pricing.html\"]]]],[\"Add-ons\",null,[[[\"Gemini pour Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/solutions/ai/\"],[\"Matériel Meet\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/meet-hardware/\"],[\"Google Voice\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/voice/\"],[\"AppSheet\",\"https://about.appsheet.com/home/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Ressources\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/faq/\",[[[\"Travail à distance\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/resources/working-remotely/\"],[\"Sécurité\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/security/\"],[\"Questions fréquentes\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/faq/\"],[\"Partenaires\",\"https://cloud.withgoogle.com/partners/?products\\u003dGOOGLE_WORKSPACE_PRODUCT\"],[\"Marketplace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/marketplace/?hl\\u003dfr\"],[\"Intégrations\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/integrations/\"],[\"Formation et certification\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/training/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Formation et assistance\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/support/\",[[[\"Aide pour les administrateurs\",\"https://support.google.com/a/#topic\\u003d29157\"],[\"Centre de configuration et de déploiement\",\"https://support.google.com/a/answer/6365252?hl\\u003dfr\"],[\"Centre de formation pour les utilisateurs\",\"https://support.google.com/a/users?hl\\u003dfr#topic\\u003d11499463\"],[\"Forums pour les administrateurs\",\"https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!forum/apps\"],[\"Tableau de bord Google Workspace\",\"https://www.google.com/appsstatus#hl\\u003dfr\"],[\"Rechercher un partenaire Google Workspace\",\"https://www.google.com/a/partnersearch/?hl\\u003dfr#home\"],[\"Presse\",\"https://cloud.google.com/press/\"]]]],[\"Autres ressources Google\",null,[[[\"Google Cloud\",\"https://cloud.google.com/?hl\\u003dfr\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"https://chromeenterprise.google/\"],[\"Solutions d\u0027entreprise Google\",\"https://www.google.com/intl/fr/services/\"],[\"Google pour les Pros\",\"https://pourlespros.withgoogle.com/?utm_source\\u003dEngagement\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dep\\u0026utm_term\\u003dSMB\\u0026utm_content\\u003dFR%20Apps%20for%20work%20footert\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dQ4_2015%20FR%20Apps%20for%20work%20footer\"],[\"Google Ads\",\"https://ads.google.com/home/?subid\\u003dfr-fr-xs-aw-z-a-dyn-accounts_wsft!o3\"],[\"Business Messages\",\"https://businessmessages.google/\"],[\"Participer aux études sur l\u0027expérience utilisateur\",\"https://userresearch.google.com/?reserved\\u003d0\\u0026utm_source\\u003dgsuite.google.com\\u0026Q_Language\\u003den\\u0026utm_medium\\u003down_srch\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dGlobal-GSuite\\u0026utm_term\\u003d0\\u0026utm_content\\u003d0\\u0026productTag\\u003dgafw\\u0026campaignDate\\u003dnov18\\u0026pType\\u003dbprof\\u0026referral_code\\u003dug422768\"]]]]]]]]],[\"ja\",[[[[[\"ご利用いただけるアプリケーション\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/features/\",[[[\"Gmail\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/gmail/\"],[\"Meet\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/meet/\"],[\"Chat\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/chat/\"],[\"カレンダー\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/calendar/\"],[\"ドライブ\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/drive/\"],[\"ドキュメント\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/docs/\"],[\"スプレッドシート\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/sheets/\"],[\"スライド\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/slides/\"],[\"フォーム\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/forms/\"],[\"サイト\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/sites/\"],[\"Keep\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/keep/\"],[\"Apps Script\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/apps-script/\"]]]]]],[[[\"セキュリティと管理\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/security/\",[[[\"管理コンソール\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/admin/\"],[\"エンドポイント\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/admin/endpoint/\"],[\"Vault\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/vault/\"],[\"Work Insights\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/workinsights/\"]]]],[\"ソリューション\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/solutions/\",[[[\"新規ビジネス\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/business/new-business/\"],[\"小規模ビジネス\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/business/small-business/\"],[\"大規模ビジネス\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/enterprise/\"],[\"Education\",\"https://edu.google.com/intl/ja/products/workspace-for-education/education-fundamentals/\"],[\"非営利団体\",\"https://www.google.com/intl/ja/nonprofits/\"]]]]]],[[[\"料金\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/pricing.html\",[[[\"エディションを選ぶ\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/pricing.html\"]]]],[\"Add-ons\",null,[[[\"Gemini for Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/solutions/ai/\"],[\"Meet ハードウェア\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/meet-hardware/\"],[\"AppSheet\",\"https://about.appsheet.com/home/\"]]]]]],[[[\"関連情報\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/faq/\",[[[\"リモートワーク\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/resources/working-remotely/\"],[\"セキュリティ\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/security/\"],[\"事例紹介\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/customers/\"],[\"よくある質問\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/faq/\"],[\"パートナー\",\"https://cloud.withgoogle.com/partners/?products\\u003dGOOGLE_WORKSPACE_PRODUCT\"],[\"Marketplace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/marketplace/?hl\\u003dja\"],[\"統合\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/integrations/\"],[\"トレーニングと認定資格\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/training/\"]]]]]],[[[\"学習とサポート\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/support/\",[[[\"管理者用ヘルプ\",\"https://support.google.com/a/#topic\\u003d29157\"],[\"設定と導入のガイド\",\"https://support.google.com/a/answer/6365252?hl\\u003dja\"],[\"ユーザー向けラーニングセンター\",\"https://support.google.com/a/users?hl\\u003dja#topic\\u003d11499463\"],[\"管理者向けフォーラム\",\"https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!forum/apps\"],[\"Google Workspace ステータスダッシュボード\",\"https://www.google.com/appsstatus#hl\\u003dja\"],[\"Google Workspace パートナーを探す\",\"https://www.google.com/a/partnersearch/?hl\\u003dja#home\"],[\"プレスリリース\",\"https://cloud.google.com/press/?hl\\u003dja\"]]]],[\"その他の Google サービス\",null,[[[\"Google Cloud\",\"https://cloud.google.com/?hl\\u003dja\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"https://chromeenterprise.google/\"],[\"Google ビジネスソリューション\",\"https://www.google.com/intl/ja/services/\"],[\"Google 広告\",\"https://ads.google.com/home/?subid\\u003dja-ja-xs-aw-z-a-dyn-accounts_wsft!o3\"],[\"Business Messages\",\"https://businessmessages.google/\"],[\"ユーザー調査に参加する\",\"https://userresearch.google.com/?reserved\\u003d0\\u0026utm_source\\u003dgsuite.google.com\\u0026Q_Language\\u003den\\u0026utm_medium\\u003down_srch\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dGlobal-GSuite\\u0026utm_term\\u003d0\\u0026utm_content\\u003d0\\u0026productTag\\u003dgafw\\u0026campaignDate\\u003dnov18\\u0026pType\\u003dbprof\\u0026referral_code\\u003dug422768\"]]]]]]]]],[\"ko\",[[[[[\"포함된 애플리케이션\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/features/\",[[[\"Gmail\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/gmail/\"],[\"Meet\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/meet/\"],[\"Chat\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/chat/\"],[\"Calendar\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/calendar/\"],[\"Drive\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/drive/\"],[\"Docs\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/docs/\"],[\"Sheets\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/sheets/\"],[\"Slides\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/slides/\"],[\"설문지\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/forms/\"],[\"사이트 도구\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/sites/\"],[\"Keep\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/keep/\"],[\"Apps Script\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/apps-script/\"]]]]]],[[[\"보안 및 관리\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/security/\",[[[\"관리\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/admin/\"],[\"엔드포인트\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/admin/endpoint/\"],[\"Vault\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/vault/\"],[\"Work Insights\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/workinsights/\"]]]],[\"솔루션\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/solutions/\",[[[\"신규 업체\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/business/new-business/\"],[\"중소기업\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/business/small-business/\"],[\"엔터프라이즈\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/enterprise/\"],[\"Education\",\"https://edu.google.com/products/workspace-for-education/education-fundamentals/\"],[\"비영리단체\",\"https://www.google.com/nonprofits/\"]]]]]],[[[\"가격\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/pricing.html\",[[[\"버전 선택\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/pricing.html\"]]]],[\"Add-ons\",null,[[[\"Workspace를 위한 Gemini\",\"https://workspace.google.com/solutions/ai/\"],[\"AppSheet\",\"https://about.appsheet.com/home/\"]]]]]],[[[\"리소스\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/faq/\",[[[\"원격 근무\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/resources/working-remotely/\"],[\"보안\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/security/\"],[\"FAQ\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/faq/\"],[\"파트너\",\"https://cloud.withgoogle.com/partners/?products\\u003dGOOGLE_WORKSPACE_PRODUCT\"],[\"Marketplace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/marketplace/?hl\\u003dko\"],[\"통합\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/integrations/\"],[\"교육 및 인증\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/training/\"]]]]]],[[[\"학습 및 지원\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/support/\",[[[\"관리자 도움말\",\"https://support.google.com/a/#topic\\u003d29157\"],[\"설치 및 배포 센터\",\"https://support.google.com/a/answer/6365252?hl\\u003dko\"],[\"사용자를 위한 학습 센터\",\"https://support.google.com/a/users?hl\\u003dko#topic\\u003d11499463\"],[\"관리자 포럼\",\"https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!forum/apps\"],[\"Google Workspace 대시보드\",\"https://www.google.com/appsstatus#hl\\u003dko\"],[\"Google Workspace 파트너 찾기\",\"https://www.google.com/a/partnersearch/?hl\\u003dko#home\"],[\"보도자료\",\"https://cloud.google.com/press/\"]]]],[\"Google의 다른 제품\",null,[[[\"Google Cloud\",\"https://cloud.google.com/?hl\\u003dko\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"https://chromeenterprise.google/\"],[\"Google 비즈니스 솔루션\",\"https://www.google.com/intl/ko_kr/business/\"],[\"Google Ads\",\"https://ads.google.com/home/?subid\\u003dkr-ko-xs-aw-z-a-dyn-accounts_wsft!o3\"],[\"Business Messages\",\"https://businessmessages.google/\"],[\"사용자 연구 참여\",\"https://userresearch.google.com/?reserved\\u003d0\\u0026utm_source\\u003dgsuite.google.com\\u0026Q_Language\\u003den\\u0026utm_medium\\u003down_srch\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dGlobal-GSuite\\u0026utm_term\\u003d0\\u0026utm_content\\u003d0\\u0026productTag\\u003dgafw\\u0026campaignDate\\u003dnov18\\u0026pType\\u003dbprof\\u0026referral_code\\u003dug422768\"]]]]]]]]]]]","w2btAe":"%.@.null,null,\"\",false,null,null,true,false]","xn5OId":false,"xnI9P":true,"xwAfE":true,"y2FhP":"prod","yFnxrf":1884,"zChJod":"%.@.]"};</script><script nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA">(function(){'use strict';var a=window,d=a.performance,l=k();a.cc_latency_start_time=d&&d.now?0:d&&d.timing&&d.timing.navigationStart?d.timing.navigationStart:l;function k(){return d&&d.now?d.now():(new Date).getTime()}function n(e){if(d&&d.now&&d.mark){var g=d.mark(e);if(g)return g.startTime;if(d.getEntriesByName&&(e=d.getEntriesByName(e).pop()))return e.startTime}return k()}a.onaft=function(){n("aft")};a._isLazyImage=function(e){return e.hasAttribute("data-src")||e.hasAttribute("data-ils")||e.getAttribute("loading")==="lazy"}; a.l=function(e){function g(b){var c={};c[b]=k();a.cc_latency.push(c)}function m(b){var c=n("iml");b.setAttribute("data-iml",c);return c}a.cc_aid=e;a.iml_start=a.cc_latency_start_time;a.css_size=0;a.cc_latency=[];a.ccTick=g;a.onJsLoad=function(){g("jsl")};a.onCssLoad=function(){g("cssl")};a._isVisible=function(b,c){if(!c||c.style.display=="none")return!1;var f=b.defaultView;if(f&&f.getComputedStyle&&(f=f.getComputedStyle(c),f.height=="0px"||f.width=="0px"||f.visibility=="hidden"))return!1;if(!c.getBoundingClientRect)return!0; var h=c.getBoundingClientRect();c=h.left+a.pageXOffset;f=h.top+a.pageYOffset;if(f+h.height<0||c+h.width<0||h.height<=0||h.width<=0)return!1;b=b.documentElement;return f<=(a.innerHeight||b.clientHeight)&&c<=(a.innerWidth||b.clientWidth)};a._recordImlEl=m;document.documentElement.addEventListener("load",function(b){b=b.target;var c;b.tagName!="IMG"||b.hasAttribute("data-iid")||a._isLazyImage(b)||b.hasAttribute("data-noaft")||(c=m(b));if(a.aft_counter&&(b=a.aft_counter.indexOf(b),b!==-1&&(b=a.aft_counter.splice(b, 1).length===1,a.aft_counter.length===0&&b&&c)))a.onaft(c)},!0);a.prt=-1;a.wiz_tick=function(){var b=n("prt");a.prt=b}};}).call(this); l('DK1zsb')</script><script nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA">var _F_cssRowKey = 'boq-cloudx-web-blog.TransformBlogUi.rXukrhK3WWM.L.X.O';var _F_combinedSignature = 'AHrnUqUconiGPyRcp-JBFygtsZBOELzXFA';function _DumpException(e) {throw e;}</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.gstatic.com/_/mss/boq-cloudx-web-blog/_/ss/k=boq-cloudx-web-blog.TransformBlogUi.rXukrhK3WWM.L.X.O/am=AAbcAg/d=1/ed=1/rs=AHrnUqUQdshm8JzTer1vcNrTqlsMolf-NQ/m=articleview,_b,_tp" data-id="_cl" nonce="6VCpxexkgl-8ufByqws1UQ"><script nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA">onCssLoad();</script><style nonce="6VCpxexkgl-8ufByqws1UQ">@font-face{font-family:'Product Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/productsans/v9/pxiDypQkot1TnFhsFMOfGShVF9eK.eot);}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v58/4Ua_rENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RFD48TE63OOYKtrwEIJllpy0.eot);}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v58/4Ua_rENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RFD48TE63OOYKtrw2IJllpy0.eot);}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v58/4Ua_rENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RFD48TE63OOYKtrzjJ5llpy0.eot);}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8FacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVDv79pQ.eot);}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8IacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVBg3etBD7SA.eot);}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8IacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVBkXYtBD7SA.eot);}</style><script nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA">(function(){'use strict';function f(){var a=k,b=0;return function(){return b<a.length?{done:!1,value:a[b++]}:{done:!0}}};/* Copyright The Closure Library Authors. SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 */ var l=this||self;/* Copyright 2024 Google, Inc SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT */ var m=["focus","blur","error","load","toggle"];function n(a){return a==="mouseenter"?"mouseover":a==="mouseleave"?"mouseout":a==="pointerenter"?"pointerover":a==="pointerleave"?"pointerout":a};function p(a){this.l={};this.m={};this.i=null;this.g=[];this.o=a}p.prototype.handleEvent=function(a,b,c){q(this,{eventType:a,event:b,targetElement:b.target,eic:c,timeStamp:Date.now(),eia:void 0,eirp:void 0,eiack:void 0})};function q(a,b){if(a.i)a.i(b);else{b.eirp=!0;var c;(c=a.g)==null||c.push(b)}} function r(a,b,c){if(!(b in a.l)&&a.o){var d=function(g,e,B){a.handleEvent(g,e,B)};a.l[b]=d;c=n(c||b);if(c!==b){var h=a.m[c]||[];h.push(b);a.m[c]=h}a.o.addEventListener(c,function(g){return function(e){d(b,e,g)}},void 0)}}p.prototype.j=function(a){return this.l[a]};p.prototype.ecrd=function(a){this.i=a;var b;if((b=this.g)==null?0:b.length){for(a=0;a<this.g.length;a++)q(this,this.g[a]);this.g=null}};var t=typeof navigator!=="undefined"&&/iPhone|iPad|iPod/.test(navigator.userAgent);function u(a){this.g=a;this.i=[]}u.prototype.addEventListener=function(a,b,c){t&&(this.g.style.cursor="pointer");var d=this.i,h=d.push,g=this.g;b=b(this.g);var e=!1;m.indexOf(a)>=0&&(e=!0);g.addEventListener(a,b,typeof c==="boolean"?{capture:e,passive:c}:e);h.call(d,{eventType:a,j:b,capture:e,passive:c})};var k="click dblclick focus focusin blur error focusout keydown keyup keypress load mouseover mouseout mouseenter mouseleave mousemove submit toggle touchstart touchend touchmove touchcancel auxclick change compositionstart compositionupdate compositionend beforeinput input select textinput copy cut paste mousedown mouseup wheel contextmenu dragover dragenter dragleave drop dragstart dragend pointerdown pointermove pointerup pointercancel pointerenter pointerleave pointerover pointerout gotpointercapture lostpointercapture ended loadedmetadata pagehide pageshow visibilitychange beforematch".split(" "); if(!(k instanceof Array)){var v;var w=typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&Symbol.iterator&&k[Symbol.iterator];if(w)v=w.call(k);else if(typeof k.length=="number")v={next:f()};else throw Error(String(k)+" is not an iterable or ArrayLike");for(var x,y=[];!(x=v.next()).done;)y.push(x.value)};var z=function(a){return{trigger:function(b){var c=a.j(b.type);c||(r(a,b.type),c=a.j(b.type));var d=b.target||b.srcElement;c&&c(b.type,b,d.ownerDocument.documentElement)},configure:function(b){b(a)}}}(function(){var a=window,b=new u(a.document.documentElement),c=new p(b);k.forEach(function(g){return r(c,g)});var d,h;"onwebkitanimationend"in a&&(d="webkitAnimationEnd");r(c,"animationend",d);"onwebkittransitionend"in a&&(h="webkitTransitionEnd");r(c,"transitionend",h);return{s:c,u:b}}().s),A=["BOQ_wizbind"], C=window||l,D;for(;A.length&&(D=A.shift());)A.length||z===void 0?C[D]&&C[D]!==Object.prototype[D]?C=C[D]:C=C[D]={}:C[D]=z;}).call(this); </script><script noCollect src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/mss/boq-cloudx-web-blog/_/js/k=boq-cloudx-web-blog.TransformBlogUi.en_US.he85aTqH45s.es5.O/am=AAbcAg/d=1/excm=_b,_tp,articleview/ed=1/dg=0/wt=2/ujg=1/rs=AHrnUqUfHEFy7NSQR8sjgZfNpI7l18_aRQ/m=_b,_tp" defer id="base-js" fetchpriority="high" nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA"></script><script nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA">if (window.BOQ_loadedInitialJS) {onJsLoad();} else {document.getElementById('base-js').addEventListener('load', onJsLoad, false);}</script><script nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA"> window['_wjdc'] = function (d) {window['_wjdd'] = d}; </script><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Containers & Kubernetes" href="https://cloudblog.withgoogle.com/products/containers-kubernetes/rss"><title>Benchmarking how end users perceive an application’s performance | Google Cloud Blog</title><meta name="description" content="Learn why and how to benchmark end-users’ perceived performance using the open-source Locust tool to simulate complex user behavior."><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"><meta property="og:title" content="Benchmarking how end users perceive an application’s performance | Google Cloud Blog"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:url" content="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance"><meta property="og:image" content="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-2600x2600.jpg"><meta property="og:description" content="Learn why and how to benchmark end-users’ perceived performance using the open-source Locust tool to simulate complex user behavior."><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Cloud Blog"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Benchmarking how end users perceive an application’s performance | Google Cloud Blog"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Learn why and how to benchmark end-users’ perceived performance using the open-source Locust tool to simulate complex user behavior."><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-2600x2600.jpg"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@googlecloud"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance","headline":"Benchmarking how end users perceive an application’s performance","description":"Learn why and how to benchmark end-users’ perceived performance using the open-source Locust tool to simulate complex user behavior.","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-2600x2600.jpg","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Rich Gowman","url":""},{"@type":"Person","name":"Eyal Yablonka","url":""}],"datePublished":"2024-10-17","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Google Cloud","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v8bb8fa0afe9a8c3a776ebeb25d421bb443344d789b3607754dfabea418b8c4be/cloud/images/cloud-logo.svg"}},"url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance","keywords":["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes"],"timeRequired":"PT4M"}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance"><meta name="track-metadata-page_post_title" content="Benchmarking how end users perceive an application’s performance"><meta name="track-metadata-page_post_labels" content="Containers & Kubernetes"><meta name="track-metadata-page_first_published" content="2024-10-18 07:10:00"><meta name="track-metadata-page_last_published" content="2024-10-18 07:10:00"><meta name="track-metadata-page_post_author" content="Rich Gowman"><meta name="track-metadata-page_post_author_role" content="Software Engineer"><header jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="o60eef" class="glue-header nRhiJb-tJHJj-OWXEXe-kFx1Ae" id="kO001e"><a href="./#content" class="glue-header__link glue-header__skip-content">Jump to Content</a><div class="glue-header__bar glue-header__bar--mobile DFb9Jf" track-metadata-module="header"><div class="nRhiJb-mb9u9d"><div class="glue-header__container JF2WI"><div class="nRhiJb-o2XRw-yHKmmc lUwpmd"><div class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe"><a class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-hSRGPd" href="https://cloud.google.com/" title="Google Cloud" track-name="google cloud"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/"track-metadata-module="header"><div class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-haAclf"><svg class="glue-header__logo-svg" viewBox="0 0 74 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="#4285F4" d="M9.24 8.19v2.46h5.88c-.18 1.38-.64 2.39-1.34 3.1-.86.86-2.2 1.8-4.54 1.8-3.62 0-6.45-2.92-6.45-6.54s2.83-6.54 6.45-6.54c1.95 0 3.38.77 4.43 1.76L15.4 2.5C13.94 1.08 11.98 0 9.24 0 4.28 0 .11 4.04.11 9s4.17 9 9.13 9c2.68 0 4.7-.88 6.28-2.52 1.62-1.62 2.13-3.91 2.13-5.75 0-.57-.04-1.1-.13-1.54H9.24z"></path><path fill="#EA4335" d="M25 6.19c-3.21 0-5.83 2.44-5.83 5.81 0 3.34 2.62 5.81 5.83 5.81s5.83-2.46 5.83-5.81c0-3.37-2.62-5.81-5.83-5.81zm0 9.33c-1.76 0-3.28-1.45-3.28-3.52 0-2.09 1.52-3.52 3.28-3.52s3.28 1.43 3.28 3.52c0 2.07-1.52 3.52-3.28 3.52z"></path><path fill="#4285F4" d="M53.58 7.49h-.09c-.57-.68-1.67-1.3-3.06-1.3C47.53 6.19 45 8.72 45 12c0 3.26 2.53 5.81 5.43 5.81 1.39 0 2.49-.62 3.06-1.32h.09v.81c0 2.22-1.19 3.41-3.1 3.41-1.56 0-2.53-1.12-2.93-2.07l-2.22.92c.64 1.54 2.33 3.43 5.15 3.43 2.99 0 5.52-1.76 5.52-6.05V6.49h-2.42v1zm-2.93 8.03c-1.76 0-3.1-1.5-3.1-3.52 0-2.05 1.34-3.52 3.1-3.52 1.74 0 3.1 1.5 3.1 3.54.01 2.03-1.36 3.5-3.1 3.5z"></path><path fill="#FBBC05" d="M38 6.19c-3.21 0-5.83 2.44-5.83 5.81 0 3.34 2.62 5.81 5.83 5.81s5.83-2.46 5.83-5.81c0-3.37-2.62-5.81-5.83-5.81zm0 9.33c-1.76 0-3.28-1.45-3.28-3.52 0-2.09 1.52-3.52 3.28-3.52s3.28 1.43 3.28 3.52c0 2.07-1.52 3.52-3.28 3.52z"></path><path fill="#34A853" d="M58 .24h2.51v17.57H58z"></path><path fill="#EA4335" d="M68.26 15.52c-1.3 0-2.22-.59-2.82-1.76l7.77-3.21-.26-.66c-.48-1.3-1.96-3.7-4.97-3.7-2.99 0-5.48 2.35-5.48 5.81 0 3.26 2.46 5.81 5.76 5.81 2.66 0 4.2-1.63 4.84-2.57l-1.98-1.32c-.66.96-1.56 1.6-2.86 1.6zm-.18-7.15c1.03 0 1.91.53 2.2 1.28l-5.25 2.17c0-2.44 1.73-3.45 3.05-3.45z"></path></svg></div><span class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-OWXEXe-UBMNlb khBwGd">Cloud</span></a></div></div><div class="glue-header__hamburger s6BfRd"><button class="glue-header__drawer-toggle-btn" aria-label="Open the navigation drawer"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="nRhiJb-o2XRw-yHKmmc UrjqX"><div class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe"><a class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-hSRGPd" href="https://cloud.google.com/blog" title="Google Cloud Blog" track-name="blog"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog"track-metadata-module="header"><span class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-OWXEXe-UBMNlb khBwGd">Blog</span></a></div></div></div><div class="glue-header__container ca6rub"><div class="nRhiJb-GUI8l"><a class="nRhiJb-LgbsSe nRhiJb-LgbsSe-OWXEXe-pSzOP-o6Shpd " href="https://cloud.google.com/contact/" track-name="contact sales"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/contact/"track-metadata-module="header" track-name="contact sales"track-type="button"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/contact/">Contact sales </a><a class="nRhiJb-LgbsSe nRhiJb-LgbsSe-OWXEXe-CNusmb-o6Shpd " href="https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/" track-name="get started for free"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/"track-metadata-module="header" track-name="get started for free"track-type="button"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/">Get started for free </a></div><div class="GKI4ub"><div class="Jhiezd"><form action="/blog/search/" class="A2C6Ob"><input class="BAhdXd" jsname="oJAbI" name="query" type="text" placeholder="Find an article..."><input type="hidden" name="language" value=en hidden><input type="hidden" name="category" value=article hidden><input type="hidden" name="paginate" value="25" hidden><input type="hidden" name="order" value="newest" hidden><input type="hidden" name="hl" value=en hidden><span class="A0lwXc" jsname="D8MWrd" aria-label="Show the search input field." role="button" jsaction="click:jUF4E"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" width="40" height="22"><path d="M20.49 19l-5.73-5.73C15.53 12.2 16 10.91 16 9.5A6.5 6.5 0 1 0 9.5 16c1.41 0 2.7-.47 3.77-1.24L19 20.49 20.49 19zM5 9.5C5 7.01 7.01 5 9.5 5S14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14 5 11.99 5 9.5z"></path></svg></span></form></div></div></div></div></div><div class="glue-header__bar glue-header__bar--desktop glue-header__drawer YcctDe" track-metadata-module="header"><div class="nRhiJb-mb9u9d M7RUq"><div class="glue-header__container JF2WI"><div class="nRhiJb-o2XRw-yHKmmc lUwpmd"><div class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe"><a class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-hSRGPd" href="https://cloud.google.com/" title="Google Cloud" track-name="google cloud"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/"track-metadata-module="header"><div class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-haAclf"><svg class="glue-header__logo-svg" viewBox="0 0 74 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="#4285F4" d="M9.24 8.19v2.46h5.88c-.18 1.38-.64 2.39-1.34 3.1-.86.86-2.2 1.8-4.54 1.8-3.62 0-6.45-2.92-6.45-6.54s2.83-6.54 6.45-6.54c1.95 0 3.38.77 4.43 1.76L15.4 2.5C13.94 1.08 11.98 0 9.24 0 4.28 0 .11 4.04.11 9s4.17 9 9.13 9c2.68 0 4.7-.88 6.28-2.52 1.62-1.62 2.13-3.91 2.13-5.75 0-.57-.04-1.1-.13-1.54H9.24z"></path><path fill="#EA4335" d="M25 6.19c-3.21 0-5.83 2.44-5.83 5.81 0 3.34 2.62 5.81 5.83 5.81s5.83-2.46 5.83-5.81c0-3.37-2.62-5.81-5.83-5.81zm0 9.33c-1.76 0-3.28-1.45-3.28-3.52 0-2.09 1.52-3.52 3.28-3.52s3.28 1.43 3.28 3.52c0 2.07-1.52 3.52-3.28 3.52z"></path><path fill="#4285F4" d="M53.58 7.49h-.09c-.57-.68-1.67-1.3-3.06-1.3C47.53 6.19 45 8.72 45 12c0 3.26 2.53 5.81 5.43 5.81 1.39 0 2.49-.62 3.06-1.32h.09v.81c0 2.22-1.19 3.41-3.1 3.41-1.56 0-2.53-1.12-2.93-2.07l-2.22.92c.64 1.54 2.33 3.43 5.15 3.43 2.99 0 5.52-1.76 5.52-6.05V6.49h-2.42v1zm-2.93 8.03c-1.76 0-3.1-1.5-3.1-3.52 0-2.05 1.34-3.52 3.1-3.52 1.74 0 3.1 1.5 3.1 3.54.01 2.03-1.36 3.5-3.1 3.5z"></path><path fill="#FBBC05" d="M38 6.19c-3.21 0-5.83 2.44-5.83 5.81 0 3.34 2.62 5.81 5.83 5.81s5.83-2.46 5.83-5.81c0-3.37-2.62-5.81-5.83-5.81zm0 9.33c-1.76 0-3.28-1.45-3.28-3.52 0-2.09 1.52-3.52 3.28-3.52s3.28 1.43 3.28 3.52c0 2.07-1.52 3.52-3.28 3.52z"></path><path fill="#34A853" d="M58 .24h2.51v17.57H58z"></path><path fill="#EA4335" d="M68.26 15.52c-1.3 0-2.22-.59-2.82-1.76l7.77-3.21-.26-.66c-.48-1.3-1.96-3.7-4.97-3.7-2.99 0-5.48 2.35-5.48 5.81 0 3.26 2.46 5.81 5.76 5.81 2.66 0 4.2-1.63 4.84-2.57l-1.98-1.32c-.66.96-1.56 1.6-2.86 1.6zm-.18-7.15c1.03 0 1.91.53 2.2 1.28l-5.25 2.17c0-2.44 1.73-3.45 3.05-3.45z"></path></svg></div><span class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-OWXEXe-UBMNlb khBwGd">Cloud</span></a></div></div><div class="nRhiJb-o2XRw-yHKmmc UrjqX"><div class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe"><a class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-hSRGPd" href="https://cloud.google.com/blog" title="Google Cloud Blog" track-name="blog"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog"track-metadata-module="header"><span class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-OWXEXe-UBMNlb khBwGd">Blog</span></a></div></div></div><div class="glue-header__container glue-header__stepped-nav LKvi8b" role="navigation"><div class="glue-header__stepped-nav-controls-container"><div class="glue-header__stepped-nav-controls"><div class="glue-header__stepped-nav-controls-arrow"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M16.41 5.41L15 4l-8 8 8 8 1.41-1.41L9.83 12"></path></svg><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G glue-header__stepped-nav-subnav-icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M7.59 18.59L9 20l8-8-8-8-1.41 1.41L14.17 12"></path></svg></div><div class="glue-header__stepped-nav-controls-title glue-header__link"></div></div></div><div class="glue-header__stepped-nav-menus"></div></div><div class="glue-header__container nRhiJb-J6KYL-OWXEXe-Q4irje"><nav class="glue-header__link-bar"><ul class="glue-header__list glue-header__list--nested glue-header__deep-nav URiJfb"><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link">Solutions & technology<svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5.41 7.59L4 9l8 8 8-8-1.41-1.41L12 14.17"></path></svg></a><ul class="glue-header__list NDdrcc"><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning" track-name="ai & machine learning"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning"track-metadata-module="header"><span>AI & Machine Learning</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/api-management" track-name="api management"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/api-management"track-metadata-module="header"><span>API Management</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-development" track-name="application development"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-development"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Application Development</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-modernization" track-name="application modernization"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-modernization"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Application Modernization</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/chrome-enterprise" track-name="chrome enterprise"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/chrome-enterprise"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Chrome Enterprise</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/compute" track-name="compute"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/compute"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Compute</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes" track-name="containers & kubernetes"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Containers & Kubernetes</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/data-analytics" track-name="data analytics"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/data-analytics"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Data Analytics</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/databases" track-name="databases"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/databases"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Databases</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre" track-name="devops & sre"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre"track-metadata-module="header"><span>DevOps & SRE</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/maps-geospatial" track-name="maps & geospatial"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/maps-geospatial"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Maps & Geospatial</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap">Security<svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M7.59 18.59L9 20l8-8-8-8-1.41 1.41L14.17 12"></path></svg></a><ul class="glue-header__list NDdrcc"><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security" track-name="security & identity"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Security & Identity</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence" track-name="threat intelligence"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Threat Intelligence</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure" track-name="infrastructure"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Infrastructure</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure-modernization" track-name="infrastructure modernization"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure-modernization"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Infrastructure Modernization</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/networking" track-name="networking"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/networking"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Networking</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/productivity-collaboration" track-name="productivity & collaboration"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/productivity-collaboration"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Productivity & Collaboration</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/sap-google-cloud" track-name="sap on google cloud"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/sap-google-cloud"track-metadata-module="header"><span>SAP on Google Cloud</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/storage-data-transfer" track-name="storage & data transfer"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/storage-data-transfer"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Storage & Data Transfer</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/sustainability" track-name="sustainability"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/sustainability"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Sustainability</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link">Ecosystem<svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5.41 7.59L4 9l8 8 8-8-1.41-1.41L12 14.17"></path></svg></a><ul class="glue-header__list NDdrcc"><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/transform" track-name="it leaders"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/transform"track-metadata-module="header"><span>IT Leaders</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap">Industries<svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M7.59 18.59L9 20l8-8-8-8-1.41 1.41L14.17 12"></path></svg></a><ul class="glue-header__list NDdrcc"><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/financial-services" track-name="financial services"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/financial-services"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Financial Services</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/healthcare-life-sciences" track-name="healthcare & life sciences"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/healthcare-life-sciences"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Healthcare & Life Sciences</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/manufacturing" track-name="manufacturing"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/manufacturing"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Manufacturing</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/media-entertainment" track-name="media & entertainment"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/media-entertainment"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Media & Entertainment</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/public-sector" track-name="public sector"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/public-sector"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Public Sector</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/retail" track-name="retail"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/retail"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Retail</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics" track-name="supply chain"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Supply Chain</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/telecommunications" track-name="telecommunications"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/telecommunications"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Telecommunications</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/partners" track-name="partners"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/partners"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Partners</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/startups" track-name="startups & smb"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/startups"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Startups & SMB</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/training-certifications" track-name="training & certifications"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/training-certifications"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Training & Certifications</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud" track-name="inside google cloud"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Inside Google Cloud</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/google-cloud-next" track-name="google cloud next & events"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/google-cloud-next"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Google Cloud Next & Events</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/consulting" track-name="google cloud consulting"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/consulting"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Google Cloud Consulting</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://mapsplatform.google.com/resources/blog/" track-name="google maps platform"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="mapsplatform.google.com/resources/blog/"track-metadata-module="header" target="_blank"><span>Google Maps Platform<svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G FsOzib nRhiJb-tHaKme-AipIyc" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m8.9 16.075 5.4-5.4v2.675h1.4V8.3h-5.05v1.4h2.65l-5.375 5.375ZM12 21.3q-1.925 0-3.625-.738-1.7-.737-2.95-1.987-1.25-1.25-1.987-2.95Q2.7 13.925 2.7 12t.738-3.625q.737-1.7 1.987-2.95 1.25-1.25 2.95-1.988Q10.075 2.7 12 2.7t3.625.737q1.7.738 2.95 1.988 1.25 1.25 1.987 2.95.738 1.7.738 3.625t-.738 3.625q-.737 1.7-1.987 2.95-1.25 1.25-2.95 1.987-1.7.738-3.625.738Z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://workspace.google.com/blog" track-name="google workspace"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="workspace.google.com/blog"track-metadata-module="header" target="_blank"><span>Google Workspace<svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G FsOzib nRhiJb-tHaKme-AipIyc" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m8.9 16.075 5.4-5.4v2.675h1.4V8.3h-5.05v1.4h2.65l-5.375 5.375ZM12 21.3q-1.925 0-3.625-.738-1.7-.737-2.95-1.987-1.25-1.25-1.987-2.95Q2.7 13.925 2.7 12t.738-3.625q.737-1.7 1.987-2.95 1.25-1.25 2.95-1.988Q10.075 2.7 12 2.7t3.625.737q1.7.738 2.95 1.988 1.25 1.25 1.987 2.95.738 1.7.738 3.625t-.738 3.625q-.737 1.7-1.987 2.95-1.25 1.25-2.95 1.987-1.7.738-3.625.738Z"></path></svg></span></a></li></ul></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/developers-practitioners" track-name="developers & practitioners"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/developers-practitioners"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Developers & Practitioners</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link " href="https://cloud.google.com/transform" track-name="transform with google cloud"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/transform"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Transform with Google Cloud</span></a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="glue-header__container ca6rub nRhiJb-J6KYL-OWXEXe-SU0ZEf"><div class="nRhiJb-GUI8l"><a class="nRhiJb-LgbsSe nRhiJb-LgbsSe-OWXEXe-pSzOP-o6Shpd " href="https://cloud.google.com/contact/" track-name="contact sales"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/contact/"track-metadata-module="header" track-name="contact sales"track-type="button"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/contact/">Contact sales </a><a class="nRhiJb-LgbsSe nRhiJb-LgbsSe-OWXEXe-CNusmb-o6Shpd " href="https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/" track-name="get started for free"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/"track-metadata-module="header" track-name="get started for free"track-type="button"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/">Get started for free </a></div><div class="GKI4ub"><div class="Jhiezd"><form action="/blog/search/" class="A2C6Ob"><input class="BAhdXd" jsname="oJAbI" name="query" type="text" placeholder="Find an article..."><input type="hidden" name="language" value=en hidden><input type="hidden" name="category" value=article hidden><input type="hidden" name="paginate" value="25" hidden><input type="hidden" name="order" value="newest" hidden><input type="hidden" name="hl" value=en hidden><span class="A0lwXc" jsname="D8MWrd" aria-label="Show the search input field." role="button" jsaction="click:jUF4E"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" width="40" height="22"><path d="M20.49 19l-5.73-5.73C15.53 12.2 16 10.91 16 9.5A6.5 6.5 0 1 0 9.5 16c1.41 0 2.7-.47 3.77-1.24L19 20.49 20.49 19zM5 9.5C5 7.01 7.01 5 9.5 5S14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14 5 11.99 5 9.5z"></path></svg></span></form></div></div></div></div></div><div class="glue-header__drawer-backdrop"></div></header><script nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA">var AF_initDataKeys = ["ds:0"]; var AF_dataServiceRequests = {'ds:0' : {id:'nInjGe',request:["cloudblog","products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance","en"]}}; var AF_initDataChunkQueue = []; var AF_initDataCallback; var AF_initDataInitializeCallback; if (AF_initDataInitializeCallback) {AF_initDataInitializeCallback(AF_initDataKeys, AF_initDataChunkQueue, AF_dataServiceRequests);}if (!AF_initDataCallback) {AF_initDataCallback = function(chunk) {AF_initDataChunkQueue.push(chunk);};}</script></head><body id="yDmH0d" jscontroller="pjICDe" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; click:FAbpgf; auxclick:FAbpgf" class="tQj5Y ghyPEc IqBfM ecJEib EWZcud nRhiJb-qJTHM" data-has-header="true" data-has-footer="true"><script aria-hidden="true" nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA">window.wiz_progress&&window.wiz_progress();</script><div class="VUoKZ" aria-hidden="true"><div class="TRHLAc"></div></div><c-wiz jsrenderer="zPZHOe" class="SSPGKf" jsdata="deferred-i1" data-p="%.@."cloudblog","products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance","en"]" data-node-index="0;0" jsmodel="hc6Ubd" view c-wiz data-ogpc><div class="T4LgNb " jsname="a9kxte"><div jsname="qJTHM" class="kFwPee"><article class="nRhiJb-qJTHM" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="kxO7ab"><section class="nRhiJb-DARUcf"><div class="Wdmc0c nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-cGMI2b"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd dIsJJe" track-name="containers & kubernetes"track-type="tag">Containers & Kubernetes</div><div class="nRhiJb-ObfsIf"><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-R6PoUb"></div><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-EehZO nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe"><h1 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-ibL1re"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-ibL1re"><span class="FewWi"></span>How to benchmark application performance from the user's perspective</div></h1></div></div><div class="nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe dEogG">October 18, 2024</div></div></section><div class="EKklye"><div class="nRhiJb-DARUcf ZWw7T"><div class="npzWPc"><div class="dzoHJ"><div class="nRhiJb-DX2B6 nRhiJb-DX2B6-OWXEXe-h30Snd"><div class="nRhiJb-j5y3u"><ul class="nRhiJb-Qijihe phRaUe" role="list"><li class="hpHPGf"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?text=How%20to%20benchmark%20application%20performance%20from%20the%20user%27s%20perspective%20@googlecloud&url=https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance" track-name="x"track-type="social share"track-metadata-eventdetail="x.com/intent/tweet?text=How to benchmark application performance from the user's perspective%20@googlecloud&url=cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance"track-metadata-module="social icons" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6 nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-nSuQf" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M13.9,10.5L21.1,2h-1.7l-6.3,7.4L8,2H2.2l7.6,11.1L2.2,22h1.7l6.7-7.8L16,22h5.8L13.9,10.5L13.9,10.5z M11.5,13.2l-0.8-1.1 L4.6,3.3h2.7l5,7.1l0.8,1.1l6.5,9.2h-2.7L11.5,13.2L11.5,13.2z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="hpHPGf"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance&title=How%20to%20benchmark%20application%20performance%20from%20the%20user%27s%20perspective" track-name="linkedin"track-type="social share"track-metadata-eventdetail="www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance&title=How to benchmark application performance from the user's perspective"track-metadata-module="social icons" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6 nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-nSuQf" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M20 2H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 20c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V4c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM8 19H5v-9h3v9zM6.5 8.31c-1 0-1.81-.81-1.81-1.81S5.5 4.69 6.5 4.69s1.81.81 1.81 1.81S7.5 8.31 6.5 8.31zM19 19h-3v-5.3c0-.83-.67-1.5-1.5-1.5s-1.5.67-1.5 1.5V19h-3v-9h3v1.2c.52-.84 1.59-1.4 2.5-1.4 1.93 0 3.5 1.57 3.5 3.5V19z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="hpHPGf"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?caption=How%20to%20benchmark%20application%20performance%20from%20the%20user%27s%20perspective&u=https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance" track-name="facebook"track-type="social share"track-metadata-eventdetail="www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?caption=How to benchmark application performance from the user's perspective&u=cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance"track-metadata-module="social icons" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6 nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-nSuQf" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M20 2H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 20c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V4c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm-1 2v3h-2c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1v2h3v3h-3v7h-3v-7h-2v-3h2V7.5C13 5.57 14.57 4 16.5 4H19z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="hpHPGf"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="mailto:?subject=How%20to%20benchmark%20application%20performance%20from%20the%20user%27s%20perspective&body=Check%20out%20this%20article%20on%20the%20Cloud%20Blog:%0A%0AHow%20to%20benchmark%20application%20performance%20from%20the%20user%27s%20perspective%0A%0ALearn%20why%20and%20how%20to%20benchmark%20end-users’%20perceived%20performance%20using%20the%20open-source%20Locust%20tool%20to%20simulate%20complex%20user%20behavior.%0A%0Ahttps://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance" track-name="email"track-type="social share"track-metadata-eventdetail="mailto:?subject=How to benchmark application performance from the user's perspective&body=Check%20out%20this%20article%20on%20the%20Cloud%20Blog:%0A%0AHow to benchmark application performance from the user's perspective%0A%0ALearn why and how to benchmark end-users’ perceived performance using the open-source Locust tool to simulate complex user behavior.%0A%0Acloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance"track-metadata-module="social icons" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6 nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-nSuQf" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M20 4H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm-.8 2L12 10.8 4.8 6h14.4zM4 18V7.87l8 5.33 8-5.33V18H4z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div><section class="nRhiJb-DARUcf"><div class="nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-cGMI2b"><section class="DA9Qj nRhiJb-ObfsIf nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe"><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-ibL1re"></div><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-II5mzb kWSSdd"><h5 class="cHE8Ub Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c">Rich Gowman</h5><p class="nRhiJb-qJTHM khCp7b">Software Engineer</p></div><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-II5mzb kWSSdd"><h5 class="cHE8Ub Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c">Eyal Yablonka</h5><p class="nRhiJb-qJTHM khCp7b">Product Manager</p></div></section></div></section><div class="nRhiJb-DARUcf"><div class="nRhiJb-ObfsIf nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-qWD73c-cGMI2b"><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-ibL1re dzoHJ"><div class="aLW4J" track-metadata-module="left rail"><h5 class="qZDXV Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc">Join us at Google Cloud Next</h5><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed Mrfygc nRhiJb-BP2Omd-ma6Yeb-KE6vqe nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-cGMI2b">Early bird pricing available now through Feb 14th.</p><a class="nRhiJb-LgbsSe nRhiJb-LgbsSe-OWXEXe-CNusmb-o6Shpd " href="https://cloud.withgoogle.com/next?utm_source=cgc-blog&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=FY25-Q2-global-EXP106-physicalevent-er-next25-mc&utm_content=left-hand-rail-blog-cta&utm_term=-" track-metadata-module="left rail"track-metadata-module_headline="join us at google cloud next" track-name="register"track-type="button"track-metadata-position="cta"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.withgoogle.com/next?utm_source=cgc-blog&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=FY25-Q2-global-EXP106-physicalevent-er-next25-mc&utm_content=left-hand-rail-blog-cta&utm_term=-">Register </a></div></div><div class="OYL9D nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-OiUrBf" jsname="tx2NYc"><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">What kind of performance does your application have, and how do you know? More to the point, what kind of performance do your </span><span style="font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline">end users</span><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> think your application has? </span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">In this era of rapid growth and unpredictable traffic surges, understanding your application's scalability is not just a technical concern — it's a strategic imperative for success. Providing end users with optimal performance is of course non-negotiable, and benchmarking it is a key way to meet their expectations. </span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Nor do you want to simply benchmark your application’s components — you need to benchmark entire critical user journeys (CUJs) end-to-end, </span><span style="font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline">as the user perceives them</span><span style="vertical-align:baseline">, to provide a holistic view of the application's performance under real-world conditions. Benchmarking components in isolation may overlook potential bottlenecks and performance issues that arise from the interplay of various components, network latencies, and external dependencies. By simulating complete user flows, you gain insights into the actual user experience, enabling you to identify and address performance issues that impact user satisfaction and engagement.</span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">In this blog post, we discuss why it is important to incorporate end-user perceived performance benchmarking into modern application development, and how to incubate an organizational culture that benchmarks applications from the get-go — and that continues to benchmark over time. As part of the Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) engineering team, we also show you how we use the open-source </span><a href="https://locust.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">Locust</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> tool to simulate complex user behavior to use as part of your end-to-end benchmarking practice.</span></p> <h3><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Why benchmarking is indispensable </span></h3> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">There are many reasons you should institute robust benchmarking practices as part of your application development process: </span></p> <ul> <li style="list-style-type:disc;vertical-align:baseline"> <p><strong style="vertical-align:baseline">Proactive performance management</strong><span style="vertical-align:baseline">: Early and frequent benchmarking helps developers identify and address performance bottlenecks early in the development cycle, which in turn can help to conserve resources, accelerate time-to-market, and deliver smoother product launches. Additionally, integrating benchmarking into testing protocols can add a critical safety net, safeguarding code quality and user experience by promptly detecting and addressing performance regressions.</span></p> </li> <li style="list-style-type:disc;vertical-align:baseline"> <p><strong style="vertical-align:baseline">Continuous performance optimization</strong><span style="vertical-align:baseline">: Applications are dynamic, subject to continuous evolution, scaling, and changes in user behavior. Regular benchmarking facilitates ongoing monitoring of performance trends, allowing developers to evaluate the impact of new features, updates, and system modifications, thus helping the application remain consistently performant and responsive in the face of change.</span></p> </li> <li style="list-style-type:disc;vertical-align:baseline"> <p><strong style="vertical-align:baseline">Bridging the gap between development and production</strong><span style="vertical-align:baseline">: As part of a development process, benchmarking real-world workloads, images, and scaling patterns provides a realistic assessment of application performance in a production environment. This helps developers proactively address potential issues and smooth transitions from development to deployment.</span></p> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Benchmarking scenarios to mimic real-world load patterns</span></h3> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">As a developer, your goal should be to benchmark your applications in conditions that closely mirror real-world scenarios, including deployment, scaling, and load patterns. This approach tests how well applications handle unexpected traffic surges without compromising performance or user experience.</span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">As part of the GKE engineering team, we perform extensive benchmarking across various scenarios to test and optimize our cluster and workload autoscalers. This helps us understand how our autoscaling mechanisms respond to varying demands, maximizing resource utilization and maintaining optimal application performance.</span></p></span></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/The_Imperative_of_End-User_Perceived_Perfo.max-2200x2200.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/The_Imperative_of_End-User_Perceived_Perfo.max-2200x2200.jpg" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/The_Imperative_of_End-User_Perceived_Perfo.max-2200x2200.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/The_Imperative_of_End-User_Perceived_Perfo.max-2200x2200.jpg" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><h3><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Locust for realistic load testing and performance benchmarking</span></h3> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Locust</span><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> is a sophisticated yet simple-to-use load-testing tool that helps developers simulate complex user behavior through scripting, offering a comprehensive understanding of application performance under realistic conditions. By defining and instantiating "users" who perform specific tasks, Locust enables the creation of various load scenarios.</span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">In one example benchmark, we employed Locust to simulate users accessing a web server and requesting the 30th Fibonacci number. This generated a consistent load of approximately 200 ms per request, with each connection closed and re-established to ensure load balancing across different pods.</span></p></span></section><section class="nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><section><div class="kg99be" jscontroller="vkZm2d" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" data-text-to-copy="from locust import HttpUser, task class Simple(HttpUser): @task def simple(self): # Close the connection after each request (or else users won't get load # balanced to new pods.) headers = {"Connection": "close"} self.client.get("/calculate", headers=headers)"><div jsaction="click:VTVhdd" class="GaRnv"><svg class="" viewBox="0 0 20 20" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" height=20 widdht=20><path d="M7.979 14.667c-.458 0-.84-.153-1.146-.459a1.53 1.53 0 0 1-.458-1.125V3.938c0-.459.153-.84.458-1.146.306-.306.688-.459 1.146-.459h6.625c.445 0 .823.156 1.136.469.312.313.468.691.468 1.136v9.145c0 .445-.156.82-.468 1.125a1.564 1.564 0 0 1-1.136.459H7.979Zm0-1.334h6.625c.083 0 .15-.024.198-.073a.239.239 0 0 0 .073-.177V3.938a.265.265 0 0 0-.073-.198.268.268 0 0 0-.198-.073H7.979a.268.268 0 0 0-.198.073.266.266 0 0 0-.073.198v9.145c0 .07.024.129.073.177a.267.267 0 0 0 .198.073ZM4.875 17.75a1.53 1.53 0 0 1-1.125-.458 1.532 1.532 0 0 1-.458-1.125V5.729h1.333v10.438c0 .07.024.128.073.177a.24.24 0 0 0 .177.073h7.937v1.333H4.875ZM7.708 3.667v9.666-9.666Z" fill="#1a73e8"/></svg></div><div jscontroller="M2lJBf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" data-enable-content-editable-input-style="false" data-enable-line-wrapping data-read-only><div class="hg3Lgc qs41qe BEXrzd" data-loadingmessage="Loading..." jscontroller="GFartf" jsaction="animationend:kWijWc;dyRcpb:dyRcpb" data-active="true" jsname="aZ2wEe"><div class="eBrXtc" aria-live="polite" jsname="vyyg5">Loading...</div><div jsname="Hxlbvc" class="JdM54e"><div class="aopPX ZqnFk co39ub"><div class="e2XBBf uEtL3"><div class="kPEoYc GOJTSe"></div></div><div class="LqC3Y"><div class="kPEoYc GOJTSe"></div></div><div class="e2XBBf QR7YS"><div class="kPEoYc GOJTSe"></div></div></div><div class="aopPX fxjES Cn087"><div class="e2XBBf uEtL3"><div class="kPEoYc GOJTSe"></div></div><div class="LqC3Y"><div class="kPEoYc GOJTSe"></div></div><div class="e2XBBf QR7YS"><div class="kPEoYc GOJTSe"></div></div></div><div class="aopPX ZHXbZe hfsr6b"><div class="e2XBBf uEtL3"><div class="kPEoYc GOJTSe"></div></div><div class="LqC3Y"><div class="kPEoYc GOJTSe"></div></div><div class="e2XBBf QR7YS"><div class="kPEoYc GOJTSe"></div></div></div><div class="aopPX fDBOYb EjXFBf"><div class="e2XBBf uEtL3"><div class="kPEoYc GOJTSe"></div></div><div class="LqC3Y"><div class="kPEoYc GOJTSe"></div></div><div class="e2XBBf QR7YS"><div class="kPEoYc GOJTSe"></div></div></div></div></div><div dir="ltr"><textarea jsname="bqeLof" class="Fdco1c">from locust import HttpUser, task class Simple(HttpUser): @task def simple(self): # Close the connection after each request (or else users won't get load # balanced to new pods.) headers = {"Connection": "close"} self.client.get("/calculate", headers=headers)</textarea></div></div></div><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb TxA6Xc"></p></section></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Locust makes it relatively easy to simulate these kinds of intricate user interactions within your application. It can generate up to 10,000 requests per second on a single machine, and can scale further through distributed deployment out-of-the-box. It provides granular control over user count and spawn rate via </span><a href="https://docs.locust.io/en/stable/custom-load-shape.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">custom load shapes</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline">, enabling you to emulate real-world load patterns with users who exhibit diverse load profiles. It natively supports HTTP/HTTPS protocols for web and REST requests, and is </span><a href="https://docs.locust.io/en/stable/testing-other-systems.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">extensible</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> to a wide array of systems, including XML-RPC, gRPC, and various request-based libraries/SDKs.</span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Accompanying this blog post, we provide a </span><a href="https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/gke-autoscaling-benchmarking" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">GitHub repository</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> to illustrate </span><span style="vertical-align:baseline">an end-to-end benchmark of a pre-release autoscaling cluster environment</span><span style="vertical-align:baseline">. You are encouraged to adapt it to align with your specific requirements.</span></p></span></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_9I02yLn.max-2000x2000.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_9I02yLn.max-2000x2000.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_9I02yLn.max-2000x2000.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_9I02yLn.max-2000x2000.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure><div class="nRhiJb-cHYyed nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb ZpqjUe"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p>The Locust web interface displaying benchmarking run metrics</p></span></div></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Benchmarking end-users’ perceived performance is not just a best practice; it's imperative for delivering exceptional user experiences. By proactively integrating benchmarking into the development process, developers can discover whether their applications remain performant, responsive, and capable of meeting varying user demand.</span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Tools like Locust help simulate real-world scenarios, so you can gain deeper insights into your application performance under diverse conditions. Performance is an ongoing pursuit. Let benchmarking guide you toward delivering exceptional user experiences.</span></p> <p><span style="font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline">At Google Cloud, we’re always working to make GKE faster, more scalable and efficient under the hood. Upgrade your Kubernetes environments early to capitalize on the latest improvements in GKE, like the </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/whats-new-with-gke-cluster-autoscaler?e=4875480"><span style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">Cluster Autoscaler improvements</span></a><span style="font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline"> introduced in GKE v1.29.</span></p></span></section><section class="kcBhad"><section class="Fabbec"><span class="WrMNjb">Posted in</span><ul class="FzXI4e"><li class="I4B51b"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes" track-metadata-position="body"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes"track-metadata-module="tag list"track-metadata-module_headline="posted in">Containers & Kubernetes</a></li></ul></section></section></div></div></div></div></div><section class="nRhiJb-DARUcf " track-metadata-module="related articles" track-metadata-module_headline="related articles"><div class="nRhiJb-DbgRPb-c5RTEf-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-cGMI2b"><h5 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b">Related articles</h5><section class="m9cUGf HGev3 nJD2Qe nRhiJb-ObfsIf"><div class=" QaGyvd nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-c5RTEf nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-qWD73c-V2iZpe"><div class="mA0uBe"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/using-multikueue-to-provision-global-gpu-resources" class="lD2oe" track-name="with multikueue grab gpus for your gke cluster wherever they may be"track-type="card"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/using-multikueue-to-provision-global-gpu-resources"><div class="AhkbS "><div class="hqnDEf"><section class="PBkdHd "><img class=" D5RK8d" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg" loading="lazy"/></section></div><div class="JUOx5b"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-DbgRPb-c5RTEf-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd FI6Gl nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe" track-name="containers & kubernetes"track-type="tag">Containers & Kubernetes</div><h3 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc HGFKtc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc">With MultiKueue, grab GPUs for your GKE cluster, wherever they may be</h3><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed dTIXyb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb">By Jean-Baptiste Leroy • 5-minute read</p></div></div></a></div></div><div class=" QaGyvd nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-c5RTEf nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-qWD73c-V2iZpe"><div class="mA0uBe"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/gkes-faster-cluster-upgrades-under-the-hood" class="lD2oe" track-name="how we improved gke volume attachments for stateful applications by up to 80%"track-type="card"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/gkes-faster-cluster-upgrades-under-the-hood"><div class="AhkbS "><div class="hqnDEf"><section class="PBkdHd "><img class=" D5RK8d" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg" loading="lazy"/></section></div><div class="JUOx5b"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-DbgRPb-c5RTEf-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd FI6Gl nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe" track-name="containers & kubernetes"track-type="tag">Containers & Kubernetes</div><h3 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc HGFKtc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc">How we improved GKE volume attachments for stateful applications by up to 80%</h3><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed dTIXyb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb">By Sneha Aradhey • 5-minute read</p></div></div></a></div></div><div class=" QaGyvd nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-c5RTEf nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-qWD73c-V2iZpe"><div class="mA0uBe"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/introducing-kube-resource-orchestrator" class="lD2oe" track-name="simplify the developer experience on kubernetes with kro"track-type="card"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/introducing-kube-resource-orchestrator"><div class="AhkbS "><div class="hqnDEf"><section class="PBkdHd "><img class=" D5RK8d" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg" loading="lazy"/></section></div><div class="JUOx5b"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-DbgRPb-c5RTEf-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd FI6Gl nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe" track-name="containers & kubernetes"track-type="tag">Containers & Kubernetes</div><h3 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc HGFKtc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc">Simplify the developer experience on Kubernetes with KRO</h3><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed dTIXyb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb">By Abdelfettah Sghiouar • 5-minute read</p></div></div></a></div></div><div class=" QaGyvd nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-c5RTEf nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-qWD73c-V2iZpe"><div class="mA0uBe"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/simplifying-gke-cluster-and-control-plane-networking" class="lD2oe" track-name="a new flexible simplified and more secure way to configure gke cluster connectivity"track-type="card"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/simplifying-gke-cluster-and-control-plane-networking"><div class="AhkbS "><div class="hqnDEf"><section class="PBkdHd "><img class=" D5RK8d" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg" loading="lazy"/></section></div><div class="JUOx5b"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-DbgRPb-c5RTEf-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd FI6Gl nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe" track-name="containers & kubernetes"track-type="tag">Containers & Kubernetes</div><h3 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc HGFKtc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc">A new flexible, simplified, and more secure way to configure GKE cluster connectivity</h3><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed dTIXyb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb">By Ninad Desai • 7-minute read</p></div></div></a></div></div></section></div></section></article></div></div><c-data id="i1" jsdata=" n2jFB;_;1"></c-data></c-wiz><script aria-hidden="true" nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA">window.wiz_progress&&window.wiz_progress();window.wiz_tick&&window.wiz_tick('zPZHOe');</script><script nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA">(function(){'use strict';var c=window,d=[];c.aft_counter=d;var e=[],f=0;function _recordIsAboveFold(a){if(!c._isLazyImage(a)&&!a.hasAttribute("data-noaft")&&a.src){var b=(c._isVisible||function(){})(c.document,a);a.setAttribute("data-atf",b);b&&(e.indexOf(a)!==-1||d.indexOf(a)!==-1||a.complete||d.push(a),a.hasAttribute("data-iml")&&(a=Number(a.getAttribute("data-iml")),a>f&&(f=a)))}} c.initAft=function(){f=0;e=Array.prototype.slice.call(document.getElementsByTagName("img")).filter(function(a){return!!a.getAttribute("data-iml")});[].forEach.call(document.getElementsByTagName("img"),function(a){try{_recordIsAboveFold(a)}catch(b){throw b.message=a.hasAttribute("data-iid")?b.message+"\nrecordIsAboveFold error for defer inlined image":b.message+("\nrecordIsAboveFold error for img element with <src: "+a.src+">"),b;}});if(d.length===0)c.onaft(f)};}).call(this); initAft()</script><script id="_ij" nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA">window.IJ_values = [[null,null,"",false,null,null,true,false],'0','https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/blog\/',["cloudblog","products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance",["en","de","fr","ko","ja"],"en",null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog","blog_article","cloud.google.com",["https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/","https://cloud.google.com/contact/","https://cloud.google.com/","https://cloud.google.com/blog","https://cloud.google.com/","https://www.google.com/","https://cloud.google.com/products/","https://about.google.com/products/","https://about.google/intl/en/","https://support.google.com"],["googlecloud","googlecloud","showcase/google-cloud","googlecloud/","googlecloud/"],true], null ,'boq_cloudx-web-blog-uiserver_20250213.07_p0','cloud.google.com',["SG",1],[[["bigquery_ftv",["bigquery_ftv",[["control",["control",[97716263,97716264],["/bigquery"]]],["variantA",["variantA",[97716265,97716266],["/bigquery"]]],["variantB",["variantB",[97716267,97716268],["/bigquery"]]],["variantC",["variantC",[97716269,97716270],["/bigquery"]]]]]],["jss",["jss",[["control",["control",[93803230,93804391],["/products/ai","/products/compute","/solutions/web-hosting"]]],["variantA",["variantA",[93803231,93804392],["/products/ai","/products/compute","/solutions/web-hosting"]]],["variantB",["variantB",[93803232,93804393],["/products/ai","/products/compute","/solutions/web-hosting"]]],["variantC",["variantC",[93803233,93804394],["/products/ai","/products/compute","/solutions/web-hosting"]]]]]],["visual_interest",["visual_interest",[["control",["control",[97933470,97933471],["/free"]]],["variantA",["variantA",[97933472,97933473],["/free"]]],["variantB",["variantB",[97933474,97933475],["/free"]]],["variantC",["variantC",[97940381,97940382],["/free"]]]]]]]], 0.0 ,["GTM-5CVQBG",[["en","\u202aEnglish\u202c",true,"en"],["de","\u202aDeutsch\u202c",true,"de"],["es","\u202aEspañol\u202c",true,"es"],["es-419","\u202aEspañol (Latinoamérica)\u202c",true,"es-419"],["fr","\u202aFrançais\u202c",true,"fr"],["id","\u202aIndonesia\u202c",true,"id"],["it","\u202aItaliano\u202c",true,"it"],["pt-BR","\u202aPortuguês (Brasil)\u202c",true,"pt-BR"],["zh-CN","\u202a简体中文\u202c",true,"zh-Hans"],["zh-TW","\u202a繁體中文\u202c",true,"zh-Hant"],["ja","\u202a日本語\u202c",true,"ja"],["ko","\u202a한국어\u202c",true,"ko"]],["83405","AIzaSyD3LJeW4Q6gtdgJlyeFZUp-GhpIoc6EUeg"],"en",null,null,[],[["https://cloud.google.com/innovators","https://cloud.google.com/innovators/plus/activate","https://cloud.google.com/innovators/innovatorsplus"],["https://workspace.google.com/pricing","https://www.x.com/googleworkspace","https://www.facebook.com/googleworkspace","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBmwzQnSoj9b6HzNmFrg_yw","https://www.instagram.com/googleworkspace","https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/googleworkspace","https://about.google/?utm_source\u003dworkspace.google.com\u0026utm_medium\u003dreferral\u0026utm_campaign\u003dgsuite-footer-en","https://about.google/products/?tip\u003dexplore","https://workspace.google.com","https://workspace.google.com/contact/?source\u003dgafb-form-globalnav-en","https://workspace.google.com/business/signup/welcome?hl\u003den\u0026source\u003dgafb-form-globalnav-en","https://workspace.google.com/blog"],["https://www.cloudskillsboost.google","https://www.cloudskillsboost.google?utm_source\u003dcgc\u0026utm_medium\u003dwebsite\u0026utm_campaign\u003devergreen","https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/subscriptions?utm_source\u003dcgc\u0026utm_medium\u003dwebsite\u0026utm_campaign\u003devergreenlaunchpromo","https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/subscriptions?utm_source\u003dcgc\u0026utm_medium\u003dwebsite\u0026utm_campaign\u003devergreen","https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/catalog?utm_source\u003dcgc\u0026utm_medium\u003dwebsite\u0026utm_campaign\u003devergreen","https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/paths?utm_source\u003dcgc\u0026utm_medium\u003dwebsite\u0026utm_campaign\u003devergreen"],["https://mapsplatform.google.com"],["https://cloud.google.com/developers","https://cloud.google.com/developers/settings?utm_source\u003dinnovators"],["https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial","https://console.cloud.google.com/","https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial?redirectPath\u003dhttps://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance"],["https://aitestkitchen.withgoogle.com/signup","https://blog.google/technology/ai/join-us-in-the-ai-test-kitchen/","https://cloud.google.com/ai"],["https://googlecloudplatform.blogspot.com/","https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform","https://www.linkedin.com/company/google-cloud","https://twitter.com/GoogleCloud_sg","https://www.facebook.com/googlecloud","https://www.youtube.com/GoogleCloudAPAC"]],[2025,2,17],[["en","x-default"],"x-default"],[null,true],null,"/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance?hl\u003den",["6LcsrxUqAAAAAFhpR1lXsPN2j2nsTwy6JTbRKzJr"]],[],'','g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA','6VCpxexkgl-8ufByqws1UQ','DEFAULT','\/blog', 2025.0 ,'https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/blog\/products\/containers-kubernetes\/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance', null ,'ltr', false ,'https:\/\/accounts.google.com\/AccountChooser?continue\x3dhttps:\/\/cloud.google.com\/blog\/products\/containers-kubernetes\/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance\x26hl\x3den-US','https:\/\/accounts.google.com\/ServiceLogin?hl\x3den-US\x26continue\x3dhttps:\/\/cloud.google.com\/blog\/products\/containers-kubernetes\/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance','https:\/\/accounts.google.com\/SignOutOptions?continue\x3dhttps:\/\/cloud.google.com\/blog\/products\/containers-kubernetes\/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance',[[[1]]], false , false , false ,'en','en-US','en_US','https:\/\/goto2.corp.google.com\/mdtredirect?data_id_filter\x3dcloud.google.com\x26system_name\x3dcloudx-web-blog-uiserver', null , null ,'https:\/\/myaccount.google.com\/privacypolicy?hl\x3den-US', false , null ,'https:\/\/www.gstatic.com\/_\/boq-cloudx-web-blog\/_\/r\/','https:\/\/myaccount.google.com\/termsofservice?hl\x3den-US',[[[["Solutions \u0026 technology",null,[[["AI \u0026 Machine Learning","/blog/products/ai-machine-learning"],["API Management","/blog/products/api-management"],["Application Development","/blog/products/application-development"],["Application Modernization","/blog/products/application-modernization"],["Chrome Enterprise","/blog/products/chrome-enterprise"],["Compute","/blog/products/compute"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","/blog/products/containers-kubernetes"],["Data Analytics","/blog/products/data-analytics"],["Databases","/blog/products/databases"],["DevOps \u0026 SRE","/blog/products/devops-sre"],["Maps \u0026 Geospatial","/blog/topics/maps-geospatial"],["Security",null,[[["Security \u0026 Identity","/blog/products/identity-security"],["Threat Intelligence","/blog/topics/threat-intelligence"]]]],["Infrastructure","/blog/products/infrastructure"],["Infrastructure Modernization","/blog/products/infrastructure-modernization"],["Networking","/blog/products/networking"],["Productivity \u0026 Collaboration","/blog/products/productivity-collaboration"],["SAP on Google Cloud","/blog/products/sap-google-cloud"],["Storage \u0026 Data Transfer","/blog/products/storage-data-transfer"],["Sustainability","/blog/topics/sustainability"]]]],["Ecosystem",null,[[["IT Leaders","/transform"],["Industries",null,[[["Financial Services","/blog/topics/financial-services"],["Healthcare \u0026 Life Sciences","/blog/topics/healthcare-life-sciences"],["Manufacturing","/blog/topics/manufacturing"],["Media \u0026 Entertainment","/blog/products/media-entertainment"],["Public Sector","/blog/topics/public-sector"],["Retail","/blog/topics/retail"],["Supply Chain","/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics"],["Telecommunications","/blog/topics/telecommunications"]]]],["Partners","/blog/topics/partners"],["Startups \u0026 SMB","/blog/topics/startups"],["Training \u0026 Certifications","/blog/topics/training-certifications"],["Inside Google Cloud","/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud"],["Google Cloud Next \u0026 Events","/blog/topics/google-cloud-next"],["Google Cloud Consulting","/blog/topics/consulting"],["Google Maps Platform","https://mapsplatform.google.com/resources/blog/"],["Google Workspace","https://workspace.google.com/blog"]]]],["Developers \u0026 Practitioners","/blog/topics/developers-practitioners"],["Transform with Google Cloud","/transform"]]],[["de",[[["Neuigkeiten","/blog/de/topics/whats-new/aktuelles-auf-dem-google-cloud-blog"],["Lösungen \u0026 Technologien",null,[[["Anwendungsentwicklung","/blog/de/products/application-development"],["Anwendungsmodernisierung","/blog/de/products/anwendungsmodernisierung"],["API-Verwaltung","/blog/de/products/api-management"],["Chrome Enterprise","/blog/de/products/chrome-enterprise"],["Computing","/blog/de/products/compute"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","/blog/de/products/containers-kubernetes"],["Datenanalysen","/blog/de/products/data-analytics"],["Datenbanken","/blog/de/products/databases"],["DevOps \u0026 SRE","/blog/de/products/devops-sre"],["Infrastruktur","/blog/de/products/infrastructure"],["KI \u0026 Machine Learning","/blog/de/products/ai-machine-learning"],["Maps \u0026 Geospatial","/blog/de/topics/maps-geospatial"],["Modernisierung der Infrastruktur","/blog/de/products/modernisierung-der-infrastruktur"],["Nachhaltigkeit","/blog/de/topics/nachhaltigkeit"],["Netzwerk","/blog/de/products/networking"],["Produktivität und Zusammenarbeit","/blog/de/products/produktivitaet-und-kollaboration"],["SAP in Google Cloud","/blog/de/products/sap-google-cloud"],["Sicherheit \u0026 Identität","/blog/de/products/identity-security"],["Speicher und Datentransfer","/blog/de/products/storage-data-transfer"]]]],["Ökosystem",null,[[["IT Leader","/transform/de"],["Industrien",null,[[["Behörden und öffentlicher Sektor","/blog/de/topics/public-sector"],["Einzelhandel","/blog/de/topics/retail"],["Fertigung","/blog/de/topics/fertigung"],["Finanzdienstleistungen","/blog/de/topics/financial-services"],["Gesundheitswesen und Biowissenschaften","/blog/de/topics/healthcare-life-sciences"],["Lieferkette und Logistik","/blog/de/topics/lieferkette-und-logistik"],["Medien und Unterhaltung","/blog/de/products/media-entertainment"],["Telekommunikation","/blog/de/topics/telecommunications"]]]],["Entwickler*innen \u0026 Fachkräfte","/blog/de/topics/developers-practitioners"],["Google Cloud Next \u0026 Events","/blog/de/topics/events"],["Google Maps Platform","/blog/de/products/maps-platform"],["Google Workspace","https://workspace.google.com/blog/de"],["Inside Google Cloud","/blog/de/topics/inside-google-cloud"],["Kunden","/blog/de/topics/kunden"],["Partner","/blog/de/topics/partners"],["Start-ups und KMU","/blog/de/topics/startups"],["Training und Zertifizierung","/blog/de/topics/training-certifications"]]]],["Transformation mit Google Cloud","/transform/de"]]]],["en",[[["Solutions \u0026 technology",null,[[["AI \u0026 Machine Learning","/blog/products/ai-machine-learning"],["API Management","/blog/products/api-management"],["Application Development","/blog/products/application-development"],["Application Modernization","/blog/products/application-modernization"],["Chrome Enterprise","/blog/products/chrome-enterprise"],["Compute","/blog/products/compute"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","/blog/products/containers-kubernetes"],["Data Analytics","/blog/products/data-analytics"],["Databases","/blog/products/databases"],["DevOps \u0026 SRE","/blog/products/devops-sre"],["Maps \u0026 Geospatial","/blog/topics/maps-geospatial"],["Security",null,[[["Security \u0026 Identity","/blog/products/identity-security"],["Threat Intelligence","/blog/topics/threat-intelligence"]]]],["Infrastructure","/blog/products/infrastructure"],["Infrastructure Modernization","/blog/products/infrastructure-modernization"],["Networking","/blog/products/networking"],["Productivity \u0026 Collaboration","/blog/products/productivity-collaboration"],["SAP on Google Cloud","/blog/products/sap-google-cloud"],["Storage \u0026 Data Transfer","/blog/products/storage-data-transfer"],["Sustainability","/blog/topics/sustainability"]]]],["Ecosystem",null,[[["IT Leaders","/transform"],["Industries",null,[[["Financial Services","/blog/topics/financial-services"],["Healthcare \u0026 Life Sciences","/blog/topics/healthcare-life-sciences"],["Manufacturing","/blog/topics/manufacturing"],["Media \u0026 Entertainment","/blog/products/media-entertainment"],["Public Sector","/blog/topics/public-sector"],["Retail","/blog/topics/retail"],["Supply Chain","/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics"],["Telecommunications","/blog/topics/telecommunications"]]]],["Partners","/blog/topics/partners"],["Startups \u0026 SMB","/blog/topics/startups"],["Training \u0026 Certifications","/blog/topics/training-certifications"],["Inside Google Cloud","/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud"],["Google Cloud Next \u0026 Events","/blog/topics/google-cloud-next"],["Google Cloud Consulting","/blog/topics/consulting"],["Google Maps Platform","https://mapsplatform.google.com/resources/blog/"],["Google Workspace","https://workspace.google.com/blog"]]]],["Developers \u0026 Practitioners","/blog/topics/developers-practitioners"],["Transform with Google Cloud","/transform"]]]],["fr",[[["Les tendances","/blog/fr/topics/les-tendances/quelles-sont-les-nouveautes-de-google-cloud"],["Solutions et Technologie",null,[[["Analyse de données","/blog/fr/products/analyse-de-donnees/"],["Bases de données","/blog/fr/products/databases"],["Calcul","/blog/fr/products/calcul/"],["Chrome Entreprise","/blog/fr/products/chrome-enterprise/"],["Conteneurs et Kubernetes","/blog/fr/products/conteneurs-et-kubernetes/"],["Développement d'Applications","/blog/fr/products/application-development"],["Développement durable","/blog/fr/topics/developpement-durable"],["DevOps et ingénierie SRE","/blog/fr/products/devops-sre"],["Gestion des API","/blog/fr/products/api-management"],["IA et Machine Learning","/blog/fr/products/ai-machine-learning"],["Infrastructure","/blog/fr/products/infrastructure"],["Maps et Géospatial","/blog/fr/topics/maps-geospatial"],["Modernisation d'Applications","/blog/fr/products/modernisation-dapplications/"],["Modernisation d'Infrastructure","/blog/fr/products/modernisation-dinfrastructure/"],["Networking","/blog/fr/products/networking"],["Productivité et Collaboration","/blog/fr/products/productivite-et-collaboration"],["SAP sur Google Cloud","/blog/fr/products/sap-google-cloud"],["Sécurité et Identité","/blog/fr/products/identity-security"],["Stockage et transfert de données","/blog/fr/products/storage-data-transfer"]]]],["Écosystème",null,[[["Responsables IT","/transform/fr"],["Industries",null,[[["Commerce","/blog/fr/topics/retail"],["Manufacturing","/blog/fr/topics/manufacturing"],["Médias et Divertissement","/blog/fr/products/media-entertainment"],["Santé","/blog/fr/topics/healthcare-life-sciences"],["Secteur Public","/blog/fr/topics/public-sector"],["Services Financiers","/blog/fr/topics/financial-services"],["Supply Chain","/blog/fr/topics/supply-chain/"],["Telecommunications","/blog/fr/topics/telecommunications"]]]],["Clients","/blog/fr/topics/clients/"],["Développeurs et professionnels","/blog/fr/topics/developers-practitioners"],["Formations et certifications","/blog/fr/topics/training-certifications"],["Google Cloud Next et Événements","/blog/fr/topics/evenements"],["Google Maps Platform","/blog/fr/products/maps-platform"],["Google Workspace","https://workspace.google.com/blog/fr"],["Inside Google Cloud","/blog/fr/topics/inside-google-cloud"],["Partenaires","/blog/fr/topics/partners"],["Start-ups et PME","/blog/fr/topics/startups"]]]],["Transformer avec Google Cloud","/transform/fr"]]]],["ja",[[["ソリューションとテクノロジー",null,[[["AI \u0026 機械学習","/blog/ja/products/ai-machine-learning"],["API 管理","/blog/ja/products/api-management"],["アプリケーション開発","/blog/ja/products/application-development"],["アプリケーションモダナイゼーション","/blog/ja/products/application-modernization"],["Chrome Enterprise","/blog/ja/products/chrome-enterprise"],["コンピューティング","/blog/ja/products/compute"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","/blog/ja/products/containers-kubernetes"],["データ分析","/blog/ja/products/data-analytics"],["データベース","/blog/ja/products/databases"],["DevOps \u0026 SRE","/blog/ja/products/devops-sre"],["Maps \u0026 Geospatial","/blog/ja/products/maps-platform"],["セキュリティ",null,[[["セキュリティ \u0026 アイデンティティ","/blog/ja/products/identity-security"],["脅威インテリジェンス","/blog/ja/topics/threat-intelligence"]]]],["インフラストラクチャ","/blog/ja/products/infrastructure"],["インフラモダナイゼーション","/blog/ja/products/infrastructure-modernization"],["ネットワーキング","/blog/ja/products/networking"],["生産性とコラボレーション","/blog/ja/products/productivity-collaboration"],["Google Cloud での SAP","/blog/ja/products/sap-google-cloud"],["ストレージとデータ転送","/blog/ja/products/storage-data-transfer"],["サステナビリティ","/blog/ja/topics/sustainability"]]]],["エコシステム",null,[[["ITリーダー","/transform/ja"],["業種",null,[[["金融サービス","/blog/ja/topics/financial-services"],["ヘルスケア、ライフサイエンス","/blog/ja/topics/healthcare-life-sciences"],["製造","/blog/ja/topics/manufacturing"],["メディア、エンターテイメント","/blog/ja/products/media-entertainment"],["公共部門","/blog/ja/topics/public-sector"],["小売業","/blog/ja/topics/retail"],["サプライチェーン","/blog/ja/topics/supply-chain-logistics"],["通信","/blog/ja/topics/telecommunications"]]]],["顧客事例","/blog/ja/topics/customers"],["パートナー","/blog/ja/topics/partners"],["スタートアップ \u0026 SMB","/blog/ja/topics/startups"],["トレーニングと認定","/blog/ja/topics/training-certifications"],["Inside Google Cloud","/blog/ja/topics/inside-google-cloud"],["Google Cloud Next とイベント","/blog/ja/topics/google-cloud-next"],["Google Maps Platform","/blog/ja/products/maps-platform"],["Google Workspace","https://workspace.google.com/blog/ja"]]]],["デベロッパー","/blog/ja/topics/developers-practitioners"],["Transform with Google Cloud","/transform/ja"]]]],["ko",[[["솔루션 및 기술",null,[[["AI 및 머신러닝","/blog/ko/products/ai-machine-learning"],["API 관리","/blog/ko/products/api-management"],["애플리케이션 개발","/blog/ko/products/application-development"],["애플리케이션 현대화","/blog/ko/products/application-modernization"],["Chrome Enterprise","/blog/products/chrome-enterprise"],["컴퓨팅","/blog/ko/products/compute"],["컨테이너 \u0026 Kubernetes","/blog/ko/products/containers-kubernetes"],["데이터 분석","/blog/ko/products/data-analytics"],["데이터베이스","/blog/ko/products/databases"],["DevOps 및 SRE","/blog/ko/products/devops-sre"],["Maps \u0026 Geospatial","/blog/ko/products/maps-platform"],["보안",null,[[["보안 \u0026 아이덴티티","/blog/ko/products/identity-security"],["위협 인텔리전스","/blog/ko/topics/threat-intelligence"]]]],["인프라","/blog/ko/products/infrastructure"],["Infrastructure Modernization","/blog/ko/products/infrastructure-modernization"],["네트워킹","/blog/ko/products/networking"],["생산성 및 공동작업","/blog/ko/products/productivity-collaboration"],["SAP on Google Cloud","/blog/ko/products/sap-google-cloud"],["스토리지 및 데이터 전송","/blog/ko/products/storage-data-transfer"],["지속가능성","/blog/ko/topics/sustainability"]]]],["에코시스템",null,[[["IT Leaders","/transform/ko"],["업종",null,[[["금융 서비스","/blog/ko/topics/financial-services"],["의료 및 생명과학","/blog/ko/topics/healthcare-life-sciences"],["제조업","/blog/ko/topics/manufacturing"],["미디어 및 엔터테인먼트","/blog/ko/products/media-entertainment"],["공공부문","/blog/ko/topics/public-sector"],["소매업","/blog/ko/topics/retail"],["공급망","/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics"],["통신","/blog/ko/topics/telecommunications"]]]],["고객 사례","/blog/ko/topics/customers"],["파트너","/blog/ko/topics/partners"],["스타트업 \u0026 SMB","/blog/ko/topics/startups"],["교육 \u0026 인증","/blog/ko/topics/training-certifications"],["Inside Google Cloud","/blog/ko/topics/inside-google-cloud"],["Google Cloud Next 및 이벤트","/blog/ko/topics/google-cloud-next"],["Google Maps Platform","/blog/ko/products/maps-platform"],["Google Workspace","https://workspace.google.com/blog/ko"]]]],["개발 및 IT운영","/blog/ko/topics/developers-practitioners"],["Google Cloud와 함께 하는 디지털 혁신","/transform/ko"]]]]]],'cloud.google.com','https', null , false , null ,[[97848710,97656897,97442197,97969449,48830069,1714242,97863042,97953322,97960269,48554497,97785986,97869659,1706538,97960272,48897392,97496386,93778619,98002146,97535270,48489830,97933472,97656881,97442181,97785970,97496370],null,null,null,null,true],]; window.IJ_valuesCb && window.IJ_valuesCb();</script><script class="ds:0" nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA">AF_initDataCallback({key: 'ds:0', hash: '1', data:[["Benchmarking how end users perceive an application\u2019s performance","Learn why and how to benchmark end-users\u2019 perceived performance using the open-source Locust tool to simulate complex user behavior.",[1729206000],"https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-2600x2600.jpg","https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance",[1729206001,909267000]],[["Rich Gowman","Software Engineer"],["Eyal Yablonka","Product Manager"]],[null,"\u003cscript type\u003d\"application/ld+json\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"@id\":\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance\",\"headline\":\"Benchmarking how end users perceive an application\u2019s performance\",\"description\":\"Learn why and how to benchmark end-users\u2019 perceived performance using the open-source Locust tool to simulate complex user behavior.\",\"image\":\"https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-2600x2600.jpg\",\"author\":[{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Rich Gowman\",\"url\":\"\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Eyal Yablonka\",\"url\":\"\"}],\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-17\",\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Google Cloud\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v8bb8fa0afe9a8c3a776ebeb25d421bb443344d789b3607754dfabea418b8c4be/cloud/images/cloud-logo.svg\"}},\"url\":\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/benchmarking-how-end-users-perceive-an-applications-performance\",\"keywords\":[\"Containers \\u0026 Kubernetes\"],\"timeRequired\":\"PT4M\"}\u003c/script\u003e"],["How to benchmark application performance from the user's perspective"],null,null,[[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eWhat kind of performance does your application have, and how do you know? More to the point, what kind of performance do your \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eend users\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e think your application has?\u00a0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eIn this era of rapid growth and unpredictable traffic surges, understanding your application's scalability is not just a technical concern \u2014 it's a strategic imperative for success. Providing end users with optimal performance is of course non-negotiable, and benchmarking it is a key way to meet their expectations.\u00a0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eNor do you want to simply benchmark your application\u2019s components \u2014 you need to benchmark entire critical user journeys (CUJs) end-to-end, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eas the user perceives them\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e, to provide a holistic view of the application's performance under real-world conditions. Benchmarking components in isolation may overlook potential bottlenecks and performance issues that arise from the interplay of various components, network latencies, and external dependencies. By simulating complete user flows, you gain insights into the actual user experience, enabling you to identify and address performance issues that impact user satisfaction and engagement.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eIn this blog post, we discuss why it is important to incorporate end-user perceived performance benchmarking into modern application development, and how to incubate an organizational culture that benchmarks applications from the get-go \u2014 and that continues to benchmark over time. As part of the Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) engineering team, we also show you how we use the open-source \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://locust.io/\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eLocust\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e tool to simulate complex user behavior to use as part of your end-to-end benchmarking practice.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eWhy benchmarking is indispensable\u00a0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eThere are many reasons you should institute robust benchmarking practices as part of your application development process:\u00a0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style\u003d\"list-style-type:disc;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eProactive performance management\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e: Early and frequent benchmarking helps developers identify and address performance bottlenecks early in the development cycle, which in turn can help to conserve resources, accelerate time-to-market, and deliver smoother product launches. Additionally, integrating benchmarking into testing protocols can add a critical safety net, safeguarding code quality and user experience by promptly detecting and addressing performance regressions.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style\u003d\"list-style-type:disc;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eContinuous performance optimization\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e: Applications are dynamic, subject to continuous evolution, scaling, and changes in user behavior. Regular benchmarking facilitates ongoing monitoring of performance trends, allowing developers to evaluate the impact of new features, updates, and system modifications, thus helping the application remain consistently performant and responsive in the face of change.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style\u003d\"list-style-type:disc;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eBridging the gap between development and production\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e: As part of a development process, benchmarking real-world workloads, images, and scaling patterns provides a realistic assessment of application performance in a production environment. This helps developers proactively address potential issues and smooth transitions from development to deployment.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eBenchmarking scenarios to mimic real-world load patterns\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eAs a developer, your goal should be to benchmark your applications in conditions that closely mirror real-world scenarios, including deployment, scaling, and load patterns. This approach tests how well applications handle unexpected traffic surges without compromising performance or user experience.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eAs part of the GKE engineering team, we perform extensive benchmarking across various scenarios to test and optimize our cluster and workload autoscalers. This helps us understand how our autoscaling mechanisms respond to varying demands, maximizing resource utilization and maintaining optimal application performance.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,""],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/The_Imperative_of_End-User_Perceived_Perfo.max-2200x2200.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/The_Imperative_of_End-User_Perceived_Perfo.max-1100x1100.jpg 1060w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/The_Imperative_of_End-User_Perceived_Perfo.max-2200x2200.jpg 2120w"," 1060px, 2120px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/The_Imperative_of_End-User_Perceived_Perfo.max-2200x2200.jpg"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eLocust for realistic load testing and performance benchmarking\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eLocust\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e is a sophisticated yet simple-to-use load-testing tool that helps developers simulate complex user behavior through scripting, offering a comprehensive understanding of application performance under realistic conditions. By defining and instantiating \"users\" who perform specific tasks, Locust enables the creation of various load scenarios.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eIn one example benchmark, we employed Locust to simulate users accessing a web server and requesting the 30th Fibonacci number. This generated a consistent load of approximately 200 ms per request, with each connection closed and re-established to ensure load balancing across different pods.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[["from locust import HttpUser, task\r\n\r\nclass Simple(HttpUser):\r\n\r\n @task\r\n def simple(self):\r\n # Close the connection after each request (or else users won't get load\r\n # balanced to new pods.)\r\n headers \u003d {\"Connection\": \"close\"}\r\n\r\n self.client.get(\"/calculate\", headers\u003dheaders)",null,[null,""]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eLocust makes it relatively easy to simulate these kinds of intricate user interactions within your application. It can generate up to 10,000 requests per second on a single machine, and can scale further through distributed deployment out-of-the-box. It provides granular control over user count and spawn rate via \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://docs.locust.io/en/stable/custom-load-shape.html\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003ecustom load shapes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e, enabling you to emulate real-world load patterns with users who exhibit diverse load profiles. It natively supports HTTP/HTTPS protocols for web and REST requests, and is \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://docs.locust.io/en/stable/testing-other-systems.html\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eextensible\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e to a wide array of systems, including XML-RPC, gRPC, and various request-based libraries/SDKs.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eAccompanying this blog post, we provide a \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/gke-autoscaling-benchmarking\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eGitHub repository\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e to illustrate \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003ean end-to-end benchmark of a pre-release autoscaling cluster environment\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e. You are encouraged to adapt it to align with your specific requirements.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Locust web interface displaying benchmarking run metrics\u003c/p\u003e"],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_9I02yLn.max-2000x2000.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_9I02yLn.max-1100x1100.png 1060w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_9I02yLn.max-2000x2000.png 1999w"," 1060px, 1999px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_9I02yLn.max-2000x2000.png"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eBenchmarking end-users\u2019 perceived performance is not just a best practice; it's imperative for delivering exceptional user experiences. By proactively integrating benchmarking into the development process, developers can discover whether their applications remain performant, responsive, and capable of meeting varying user demand.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eTools like Locust help simulate real-world scenarios, so you can gain deeper insights into your application performance under diverse conditions. Performance is an ongoing pursuit. Let benchmarking guide you toward delivering exceptional user experiences.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eAt Google Cloud, we\u2019re always working to make GKE faster, more scalable and efficient under the hood. Upgrade your Kubernetes environments early to capitalize on the latest improvements in GKE, like the \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/whats-new-with-gke-cluster-autoscaler?e\u003d4875480\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eCluster Autoscaler improvements\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e introduced in GKE v1.29.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]],[["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","With MultiKueue, grab GPUs for your GKE cluster, wherever they may be","Together, MultiKueue, GKE, and Dynamic Workload Scheduler let you provision GPU resources in a GKE cluster regardless of region.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-400x400.jpg 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg"],null,5,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/using-multikueue-to-provision-global-gpu-resources",null,1,[["Jean-Baptiste Leroy","Customer Engineer"]],null,"56049"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","How we improved GKE volume attachments for stateful applications by up to 80%","Recent enhancements to GKE and Compute Engine improves Persistent Disks (PDs) attach and detach rates, benefitting stateful workloads on GKE.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-400x400.jpg 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg"],null,5,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/gkes-faster-cluster-upgrades-under-the-hood",null,1,[["Sneha Aradhey","Software Engineer"],["Brad Farr","Software Engineer"]],null,"55984"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","Simplify the developer experience on Kubernetes with KRO","Google worked with AWS, and Azure on kro, a Kubernetes-native, cloud-agnostic way to define groupings of Kubernetes resources.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-400x400.jpg 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg"],null,5,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/introducing-kube-resource-orchestrator",null,1,[["Abdelfettah Sghiouar","Senior Cloud Developer Advocate"],["Nic Slattery","Product Manager"]],null,"55971"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","A new flexible, simplified, and more secure way to configure GKE cluster connectivity","We decoupled GKE control-plane access from node-pool IP configuration, providing granular control over each aspect and simplifying configuration.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-400x400.jpg 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/07_-_Containers__Kubernetes_iY4YTLa.max-700x700.jpg"],null,7,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/simplifying-gke-cluster-and-control-plane-networking",null,1,[["Ninad Desai","Sr Product Manager, Google"],["Dima Berkovich","Staff Software Engineer"]],null,"55944"]],null,"Containers \u0026 Kubernetes",["Join us at Google Cloud Next","Early bird pricing available now through Feb 14th.","Register","https://cloud.withgoogle.com/next?utm_source\u003dcgc-blog\u0026utm_medium\u003dblog\u0026utm_campaign\u003dFY25-Q2-global-EXP106-physicalevent-er-next25-mc\u0026utm_content\u003dleft-hand-rail-blog-cta\u0026utm_term\u003d-"],[["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes","containers-kubernetes"]],null,null,4], sideChannel: {}});</script><script id="wiz_jd" nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA">if (window['_wjdc']) {const wjd = {}; window['_wjdc'](wjd); delete window['_wjdc'];}</script><script aria-hidden="true" id="WIZ-footer" nonce="g3Y5u3cW2bGcKynvHXambA">window.wiz_progress&&window.wiz_progress(); window.stopScanForCss&&window.stopScanForCss(); ccTick('bl');</script></body></html><footer id="ZCHFDb"><footer class="nRhiJb-RWrDld nRhiJb-yePe5c QJnbF" jscontroller="NsSboe" track-metadata-module="footer"><h3 class="nRhiJb-VqCwd-L6cTce">Footer Links</h3><section class="nRhiJb-haF9Wb r2W5Od"><section class="nRhiJb-DX2B6"><div class="nRhiJb-j5y3u"><h4 class="nRhiJb-BkAck nRhiJb-BkAck-OWXEXe-TzA9Ye">Follow us</h4><ul class="nRhiJb-Qijihe c3Uqdd" role="list"><li class="nRhiJb-KKXgde"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://www.x.com/googlecloud" target="_blank" rel="noopener" track-name="x"track-type="social link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="www.x.com/googlecloud"track-metadata-module="footer"track-metadata-module_headline="follow us"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M13.9,10.5L21.1,2h-1.7l-6.3,7.4L8,2H2.2l7.6,11.1L2.2,22h1.7l6.7-7.8L16,22h5.8L13.9,10.5L13.9,10.5z M11.5,13.2l-0.8-1.1 L4.6,3.3h2.7l5,7.1l0.8,1.1l6.5,9.2h-2.7L11.5,13.2L11.5,13.2z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="nRhiJb-KKXgde"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://www.youtube.com/googlecloud" target="_blank" rel="noopener" track-name="youtube"track-type="social link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="www.youtube.com/googlecloud"track-metadata-module="footer"track-metadata-module_headline="follow us"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M23.74 7.1s-.23-1.65-.95-2.37c-.91-.96-1.93-.96-2.4-1.02C17.04 3.47 12 3.5 12 3.5s-5.02-.03-8.37.21c-.46.06-1.48.06-2.39 1.02C.52 5.45.28 7.1.28 7.1S.04 9.05 0 10.98V13c.04 1.94.28 3.87.28 3.87s.24 1.65.96 2.38c.91.95 2.1.92 2.64 1.02 1.88.18 7.91.22 8.12.22 0 0 5.05.01 8.4-.23.46-.06 1.48-.06 2.39-1.02.72-.72.96-2.37.96-2.37s.24-1.94.25-3.87v-2.02c-.02-1.93-.26-3.88-.26-3.88zM9.57 15.5V8.49L16 12.13 9.57 15.5z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="nRhiJb-KKXgde"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/google-cloud" target="_blank" rel="noopener" track-name="linkedin"track-type="social link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="www.linkedin.com/showcase/google-cloud"track-metadata-module="footer"track-metadata-module_headline="follow us"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M20 2H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 20c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V4c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM8 19H5v-9h3v9zM6.5 8.31c-1 0-1.81-.81-1.81-1.81S5.5 4.69 6.5 4.69s1.81.81 1.81 1.81S7.5 8.31 6.5 8.31zM19 19h-3v-5.3c0-.83-.67-1.5-1.5-1.5s-1.5.67-1.5 1.5V19h-3v-9h3v1.2c.52-.84 1.59-1.4 2.5-1.4 1.93 0 3.5 1.57 3.5 3.5V19z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="nRhiJb-KKXgde"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://www.instagram.com/googlecloud/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" track-name="instagram"track-type="social link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="www.instagram.com/googlecloud/"track-metadata-module="footer"track-metadata-module_headline="follow us"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M12,0 C15.3,0 15.7,0 17,0 C18.3,0.1 19.1,0.3 19.9,0.6 C20.7,0.9 21.3,1.3 22,2 C22.7,2.7 23.1,3.4 23.3,4.2 C23.6,5 23.8,5.8 23.9,7.1 C24,8.3 24,8.7 24,12 C24,15.3 24,15.7 23.9,16.9 C23.8,18.2 23.6,19 23.3,19.8 C23,20.6 22.6,21.2 21.9,21.9 C21.3,22.6 20.6,23 19.8,23.3 C19,23.6 18.2,23.8 16.9,23.9 C15.7,24 15.3,24 12,24 C8.7,24 8.3,24 7,24 C5.7,23.9 4.9,23.7 4.1,23.4 C3.3,23.1 2.7,22.7 2,22 C1.3,21.3 0.9,20.6 0.7,19.8 C0.4,19 0.2,18.2 0.1,16.9 C0,15.7 0,15.3 0,12 C0,8.7 0,8.3 0.1,7.1 C0.1,5.8 0.3,4.9 0.6,4.1 C0.9,3.4 1.3,2.7 2,2 C2.7,1.3 3.4,0.9 4.1,0.6 C4.9,0.3 5.8,0.1 7.1,0.1 C8.3,0 8.7,0 12,0 Z M12,2.2 C8.8,2.2 8.4,2.2 7.2,2.2 C6,2.3 5.3,2.5 4.9,2.6 C4.4,2.9 4,3.1 3.5,3.5 C3.1,3.9 2.8,4.3 2.6,4.9 C2.5,5.3 2.3,6 2.3,7.2 C2.2,8.4 2.2,8.8 2.2,12 C2.2,15.2 2.2,15.5 2.3,16.8 C2.3,17.9 2.5,18.6 2.7,19 C2.9,19.6 3.2,20 3.6,20.4 C4,20.8 4.4,21.1 5,21.3 C5.4,21.5 6,21.6 7.2,21.7 C8.4,21.8 8.8,21.8 12,21.8 C15.2,21.8 15.5,21.8 16.8,21.7 C17.9,21.7 18.6,21.5 19,21.3 C19.6,21.1 20,20.8 20.4,20.4 C20.8,20 21.1,19.6 21.3,19 C21.5,18.6 21.6,18 21.7,16.8 C21.8,15.6 21.8,15.2 21.8,12 C21.8,8.8 21.8,8.5 21.7,7.2 C21.7,6.1 21.5,5.4 21.3,5 C21.1,4.4 20.8,4 20.4,3.6 C20,3.2 19.6,2.9 19,2.7 C18.6,2.5 18,2.4 16.8,2.3 C15.6,2.2 15.2,2.2 12,2.2 Z M12,5.8 C15.4,5.8 18.2,8.6 18.2,12 C18.2,15.4 15.4,18.2 12,18.2 C8.6,18.2 5.8,15.4 5.8,12 C5.8,8.6 8.6,5.8 12,5.8 Z M12,16 C14.2,16 16,14.2 16,12 C16,9.8 14.2,8 12,8 C9.8,8 8,9.8 8,12 C8,14.2 9.8,16 12,16 Z M18.4,7 C17.6268014,7 17,6.37319865 17,5.6 C17,4.82680135 17.6268014,4.2 18.4,4.2 C19.1731986,4.2 19.8,4.82680135 19.8,5.6 C19.8,6.37319865 19.1731986,7 18.4,7 Z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="nRhiJb-KKXgde"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://www.facebook.com/googlecloud/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" track-name="facebook"track-type="social link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="www.facebook.com/googlecloud/"track-metadata-module="footer"track-metadata-module_headline="follow us"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M20 2H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 20c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V4c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm-1 2v3h-2c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1v2h3v3h-3v7h-3v-7h-2v-3h2V7.5C13 5.57 14.57 4 16.5 4H19z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></section></section><section class="nRhiJb-hlZHHf rtKYfe"><div class="nRhiJb-vQnuyc UXgbsb"><a class="ZOs9zc" href="https://cloud.google.com/" title="Google Cloud" track-name="google"track-type="footer link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/"track-metadata-module="footer"><svg class="nRhiJb-vQnuyc-RJLb9c" viewBox="0 0 64 64" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" width="40" height="40"><path d="M40.37 20.29L42.3333 20.3267L47.67 14.99L47.93 12.73C43.69 8.95667 38.11 6.66 32 6.66C20.9367 6.66 11.6067 14.1833 8.84 24.3833C9.42334 23.98 10.6667 24.28 10.6667 24.28L21.3333 22.5267C21.3333 22.5267 21.8867 21.62 22.1567 21.6767C24.5967 19.0067 28.1067 17.3267 32 17.3267C35.1667 17.3267 38.08 18.44 40.37 20.29Z" fill="#ea4335"/><path d="M55.1667 24.3967C53.93 19.8233 51.37 15.79 47.9267 12.7267L40.3667 20.2867C43.3933 22.7333 45.3333 26.4733 45.3333 30.66V31.9933C49.01 31.9933 52 34.9833 52 38.66C52 42.3367 49.01 45.3267 45.3333 45.3267H32L30.6667 46.6667V54.6667L32 55.9933H45.3333C54.89 55.9933 62.6667 48.2167 62.6667 38.66C62.6667 32.75 59.6933 27.5267 55.1667 24.3967Z" fill="#4285f4"/><path d="M18.6667 55.9933H31.99V45.3267H18.6667C17.6867 45.3267 16.76 45.11 15.92 44.7267L14 45.3167L8.66 50.6567L8.19334 52.46C11.1033 54.6733 14.7333 55.9933 18.6667 55.9933Z" fill="#34a853"/><path d="M18.6667 21.3267C9.11 21.3267 1.33334 29.1033 1.33334 38.66C1.33334 44.2867 4.03 49.2967 8.2 52.4633L15.93 44.7333C13.6167 43.6867 12 41.36 12 38.66C12 34.9833 14.99 31.9933 18.6667 31.9933C21.3667 31.9933 23.6933 33.61 24.74 35.9233L32.47 28.1933C29.3033 24.0233 24.2933 21.3267 18.6667 21.3267Z" fill="#fbbc05"/></svg></a></div><ul class="nRhiJb-hlZHHf-PLDbbf nRhiJb-di8rgd-ZGNLv AXb5J" role="list"><li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item"><a class="nRhiJb-Fx4vi " href="https://cloud.google.com/" track-name="google cloud"track-type="footer link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/"track-metadata-module="footer">Google Cloud</a></li><li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item"><a class="nRhiJb-Fx4vi " href="https://cloud.google.com/products/" track-name="google cloud products"track-type="footer link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/products/"track-metadata-module="footer">Google Cloud Products</a></li><li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item"><a class="nRhiJb-Fx4vi " href="https://myaccount.google.com/privacypolicy?hl=en-US" target="_blank" track-name="privacy"track-type="footer link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="myaccount.google.com/privacypolicy?hl=en-US"track-metadata-module="footer">Privacy</a></li><li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item"><a class="nRhiJb-Fx4vi " href="https://myaccount.google.com/termsofservice?hl=en-US" target="_blank" track-name="terms"track-type="footer link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="myaccount.google.com/termsofservice?hl=en-US"track-metadata-module="footer">Terms</a></li><li aria-hidden="true" class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item"><a aria-hidden="true" role="button" tabindex="0" class="nRhiJb-Fx4vi glue-footer__link glue-cookie-notification-bar-control" href="#" target="_blank" track-name="cookies management controls"track-type="footer link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="#"track-metadata-module="footer">Cookies management controls</a></li></ul><ul class="nRhiJb-hlZHHf-PLDbbf nRhiJb-hlZHHf-PLDbbf-OWXEXe-hOedQd nRhiJb-di8rgd-ZGNLv qkxr1" role="list"><li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item nRhiJb-hlZHHf-PLDbbf-rymPhb-ibnC6b-OWXEXe-hOedQd"><a class="nRhiJb-Fx4vi" href="https://support.google.com" target="_blank" track-name="help"track-type="footer link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="support.google.com"track-metadata-module="footer"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-yePe5c-h9d3hd" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M12 2C6.48 2 2 6.48 2 12s4.48 10 10 10 10-4.48 10-10S17.52 2 12 2zm1 17h-2v-2h2v2zm2.07-7.75l-.9.92C13.45 12.9 13 13.5 13 15h-2v-.5c0-1.1.45-2.1 1.17-2.83l1.24-1.26c.37-.36.59-.86.59-1.41 0-1.1-.9-2-2-2s-2 .9-2 2H8c0-2.21 1.79-4 4-4s4 1.79 4 4c0 .88-.36 1.68-.93 2.25z"></path></svg>Help</a></li><li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item nRhiJb-hlZHHf-PLDbbf-rymPhb-ibnC6b-OWXEXe-hOedQd"><select jsaction="change:xU0iy" aria-label="Change language" class="nRhiJb-CL4aqd-j4gsHd"><option value="" selected disabled hidden>Language</option><option value="en" selected>‪English‬</option><option value="de">‪Deutsch‬</option><option value="fr">‪Français‬</option><option value="ko">‪한국어‬</option><option value="ja">‪日本語‬</option></select></li></ul></section></footer></footer>