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from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Amber_in_geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amber_in_geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Amber in geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amber_in_geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amber_inclusions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amber_inclusions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Amber inclusions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amber_inclusions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locations_and_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locations_and_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Locations and use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Locations_and_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amber</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnsteen" title="Barnsteen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Barnsteen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كهرمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كهرمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambre" title="Ambre – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ambre" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81mbare" title="Ámbare – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ámbare" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%99hr%C9%99ba" title="Kəhrəba – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kəhrəba" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="অ্যাম্বার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাম্বার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%B1%D3%99" title="Гәрәбә – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гәрәбә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Бурштын – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бурштын" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C)" title="Бурштын (каштоўны камень) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бурштын (каштоўны камень)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="अंबर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अंबर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кехлибар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кехлибар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86ilibar" title="Ćilibar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ćilibar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goularz" title="Goularz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Goularz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Хуба – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хуба" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambre" title="Ambre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ambre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jantar" title="Jantar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jantar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambr" title="Ambr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ambr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rav" title="Rav – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rav" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernstein" title="Bernstein – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bernstein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merevaik" title="Merevaik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Merevaik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B5%CF%87%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9" title="Κεχριμπάρι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κεχριμπάρι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber" title="Amber – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Amber" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81mbar" title="Ámbar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ámbar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukceno" title="Sukceno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sukceno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anbar" title="Anbar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Anbar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="کهربا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کهربا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambre" title="Ambre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ambre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnstien" title="Barnstien – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Barnstien" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81mbar" title="Ámbar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ámbar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EB%B0%95_(%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D)" title="호박 (화석) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호박 (화석)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%A9" title="Սաթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սաթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="कहरुवा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कहरुवा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jantar" title="Jantar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jantar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucino" title="Sucino – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sucino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katilayu_(batu)" title="Katilayu (batu) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katilayu (batu)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Дзиндзи – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дзиндзи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raf" title="Raf – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Raf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambra_(resina)" title="Ambra (resina) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ambra (resina)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%A8" title="ענבר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ענבר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ქარვა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქარვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Янтарь – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Янтарь" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaharabu" title="Kaharabu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaharabu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C3%AEban" title="Karîban – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Karîban" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Янтарь – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Янтарь" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucinum" title="Sucinum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sucinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzintars" title="Dzintars – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzintars" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gintaras" title="Gintaras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gintaras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnsjt%C3%A8%C3%A8" title="Barnsjtèè – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Barnsjtèè" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambra_(raza)" title="Ambra (raza) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ambra (raza)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borosty%C3%A1n_(fossz%C3%ADlia)" title="Borostyán (fosszília) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Borostyán (fosszília)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Килибар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Килибар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC" title="ആംബർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആംബർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كهرمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كهرمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambar" title="Ambar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ambar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B2" title="Хув – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хув" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%9A%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ပယင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပယင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnsteen" title="Barnsteen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Barnsteen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80" title="琥珀 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="琥珀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4%C3%A4f" title="Rääf – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rääf" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rav" title="Rav – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rav" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rav" title="Rav – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rav" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambre" title="Ambre – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ambre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahrabo" title="Kahrabo – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kahrabo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਹਰੁਵਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਹਰੁਵਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="عنبر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عنبر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnsteen" title="Barnsteen – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Barnsteen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursztyn" title="Bursztyn – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bursztyn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82mbar" title="Âmbar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Âmbar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chihlimbar" title="Chihlimbar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chihlimbar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Янтарь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Янтарь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qelibar" title="Qelibar – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qelibar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambra" title="Ambra – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ambra" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jant%C3%A1r" title="Jantár – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jantár" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jantar" title="Jantar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jantar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8B%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ћилибар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ћилибар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jantar" title="Jantar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jantar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meripihka" title="Meripihka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Meripihka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A4rnsten" title="Bärnsten – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bärnsten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber" title="Amber – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Amber" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="அம்பர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அம்பர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%B1%D3%99" title="Гәрәбә – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гәрәбә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อำพัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อำพัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Каҳрабо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Каҳрабо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehribar" title="Kehribar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kehribar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бурштин – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бурштин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%95_ph%C3%A1ch" title="Hổ phách – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hổ phách" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80" title="琥珀 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="琥珀" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber" title="Amber – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Amber" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80" title="琥珀 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="琥珀" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F" title="בורשטין – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בורשטין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80" title="琥珀 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="琥珀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gintars" title="Gintars – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gintars" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80" title="琥珀 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="琥珀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25381#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baltic_amber_-_Coleoptera,_Cleridae_-_Length_10_mm.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Baltic_amber_-_Coleoptera%2C_Cleridae_-_Length_10_mm.JPG/250px-Baltic_amber_-_Coleoptera%2C_Cleridae_-_Length_10_mm.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Baltic_amber_-_Coleoptera%2C_Cleridae_-_Length_10_mm.JPG/375px-Baltic_amber_-_Coleoptera%2C_Cleridae_-_Length_10_mm.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Baltic_amber_-_Coleoptera%2C_Cleridae_-_Length_10_mm.JPG/500px-Baltic_amber_-_Coleoptera%2C_Cleridae_-_Length_10_mm.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2074" data-file-height="2282" /></a><figcaption>Baltic amber inclusion: <i>Nothorhina granulicollis</i> Zang, 1905 (<a href="/wiki/Coleoptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Coleoptera">Coleoptera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerambycidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerambycidae">Cerambycidae</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambre_Dominique_Moustique.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ambre_Dominique_Moustique.jpg/250px-Ambre_Dominique_Moustique.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ambre_Dominique_Moustique.jpg/375px-Ambre_Dominique_Moustique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ambre_Dominique_Moustique.jpg/500px-Ambre_Dominique_Moustique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4591" data-file-height="3149" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Mosquito" title="Mosquito">mosquito</a> in amber</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baltic-amber-Arachnida,Araneae-head.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Baltic-amber-Arachnida%2CAraneae-head.JPG/230px-Baltic-amber-Arachnida%2CAraneae-head.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Baltic-amber-Arachnida%2CAraneae-head.JPG/345px-Baltic-amber-Arachnida%2CAraneae-head.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Baltic-amber-Arachnida%2CAraneae-head.JPG/460px-Baltic-amber-Arachnida%2CAraneae-head.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Spider in Baltic amber.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gouttes-drops-resine-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gouttes-drops-resine-2.jpg/220px-Gouttes-drops-resine-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gouttes-drops-resine-2.jpg/330px-Gouttes-drops-resine-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gouttes-drops-resine-2.jpg/440px-Gouttes-drops-resine-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="1003" /></a><figcaption>Wood resin, the ancient source of amber</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amber_Bernstein_many_dark_stones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Amber_Bernstein_many_dark_stones.jpg/220px-Amber_Bernstein_many_dark_stones.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Amber_Bernstein_many_dark_stones.jpg/330px-Amber_Bernstein_many_dark_stones.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Amber_Bernstein_many_dark_stones.jpg/440px-Amber_Bernstein_many_dark_stones.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Cloudy unpolished amber, artificially illuminated</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Amber</b> is the common name for <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossil</a> <a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">resin</a>. It occurs in different colours, and is widely used for making <a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">jewellery</a> and other ornaments. Although not <a href="/wiki/Mineralization" title="Mineralization">mineralized</a>, amber is sometimes considered as a <a href="/wiki/Gemstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemstone">gemstone</a>. </p><p>Most of the world's amber is in the range of 30–90 million years old. Semi-fossilized resin or sub-fossil amber is called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Copal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copal (not yet started)">copal</a>. Baltic amber was called 'Freya's tears' by the <a href="/wiki/Norse" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse">Norse</a> and the 'tears of the Heliades' by the ancient <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greeks</a>. </p><p>Amber consists of several <a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">resinous</a> bodies that can mostly dissolve in <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">alcohol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diethyl_ether" title="Diethyl ether">ether</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">chloroform</a>, associated with a <a href="/wiki/Bitumen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitumen">bituminous</a> substance that does not dissolve. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amber_in_geology">Amber in geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amber&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Amber in geology" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amber&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Amber in geology"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amber is formed from resin coming out of certain trees. It is not tree sap or gum. The resin soon becomes sticky, and later fossilises as amber. The amber can look different depending on its origin, and its later geological history. </p><p>To end up as amber, the starting resin must resist decay. Many trees produce resin, but usually it is broken down by physical and biological process. Exposure to weather tends to disintegrate resin, assisted by <a href="/wiki/Microorganisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Microorganisms">microorganisms</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungi</a>. For resin to survive long enough to become amber, it must resist such forces, or be produced under conditions that exclude them.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baltic amber (historically called <a href="/wiki/Prussian" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian">Prussian</a> amber) is found as irregular nodules in a marine sand, known as <i>blue earth,</i> in the Lower <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a> strata of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sambia_(Baltic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sambia (Baltic) (not yet started)">Sambia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a>, where it is now systematically mined.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Agathis</i> amber comes from the conifer <i><a href="/wiki/Agathis" title="Agathis">Agathis</a></i>, a tree that used to grow over a much wider area. </p><p>Amber from America and Africa often comes from the <i>Hymenaea protera</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legume </a> tree. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amber_inclusions">Amber inclusions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amber&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Amber inclusions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amber&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Amber inclusions"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The resin can contain, in addition to the beautifully preserved plant-structures, remains of insects, spiders, annelids, frogs,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> crustaceans and other small organisms that became trapped while it was fluid. In most cases the organic structure has disappeared, leaving only a cavity, with perhaps a trace of <a href="/wiki/Chitin" title="Chitin">chitin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Locations_and_use">Locations and use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amber&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Locations and use" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amber&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Locations and use"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amber can be found on all continents of the earth, with exception of the pole regions, mainly at the east coast of the USA, Canada, Burma, Mexico, Lebanon, Borneo, Romania and Sicily and other places. According to scientists, the oldest amber originates from the carbon time and has an age of approximately 345 million years (Upper Carboniferous, Northumberland, USA). There is Amber in Mexico and in the Caribbean, mainly in the Dominican Republic. But most of these offer by far a smaller yield than amber found in the Baltic Region around the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>. Baltic amber is also the best known amber due to European history. <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> mentions it in his Odyssee, Book 15, 459-465, B.C.E.: “… a necklace of gold, with amber beads was it strung between…”. Amber from the "New World" like Mexico and the Dominican Republic was commercially mined only since the last century. </p><p>Baltic Amber is found along the shores of a large part of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>. The greatest amber-producing country is the promontory of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sambia (not yet started)">Sambia</a>, now part of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a>. About 90% of the world's extractable amber is in the Kaliningrad region of Russia on the Baltic Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This amber was deposited in the late <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a> in a <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">delta</a> of a prehistoric river, in a shallow part of a marine basin.<sup id="cite_ref-Rice2006_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rice2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the coast near Kaliningrad, amber is also found elsewhere in the Baltic Sea region.<sup id="cite_ref-Rice2006_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rice2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Small amounts of Baltic amber can even be found outside the Baltic region, for example on the coastline of the south east of England.<sup id="cite_ref-Rice2006_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rice2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the evidence of Fourier-transform <a href="/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopy" title="Infrared spectroscopy">infrared microspectroscopy</a> (FTIR) analysis of amber and resin from living trees, that conifers of the family <a href="/wiki/Sciadopitys" title="Sciadopitys">Sciadopityaceae</a> were responsible.<sup id="cite_ref-Wolfe2009_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolfe2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only living representative of this family is the Japanese umbrella pine, <i><a href="/wiki/Sciadopitys" title="Sciadopitys">Sciadopitys verticillata</a></i>. </p><p>Resin from the extinct tree Hymenaea protera is the source of Dominican amber and probably of most amber found in the tropics. Dominican amber differentiates itself from Baltic amber mainly by being nearly always transparent, and it has a higher number of fossil inclusions. This has enabled the detailed reconstruction of the ecosystem of a long-vanished tropical forest.<sup id="cite_ref-Poinar1999_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poinar1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amber is extensively used for beads and other ornaments, and for cigar-holders and the mouth-pieces of pipes. The Amber Room in the <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Palace" title="Catherine Palace">Catherine Palace</a> near <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> is notable. It is a reproduction of the original Amber Room, destroyed in <a href="/wiki/WWII" class="mw-redirect" title="WWII">WWII</a>. </p><p>In Baltic countries, amber is often treated in <a href="/wiki/Autoclave" title="Autoclave">autoclave</a>, mainly to produce and enhance the colors and visual effects <sup id="cite_ref-BalticAmber-Autoclave_Treatment_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BalticAmber-Autoclave_Treatment-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus creating beautiful jewelry. When gradually heated in an oil-bath, amber becomes soft and flexible. Two pieces of amber may be united by smearing the surfaces with <a href="/wiki/Linseed_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Linseed oil">linseed oil</a>, heating them, and then pressing them together while hot. Cloudy amber may be made clearer in an oil-bath, as the oil fills the numerous pores to which the turbidity is due. Small fragments, formerly thrown away or used only for varnish, are now used on a large scale in the formation of "ambroid" or "pressed amber". The pieces are carefully heated with exclusion of air and then pressed into one mass by intense hydraulic pressure, the softened amber being forced through holes in a metal plate. As mentioned, the product is extensively used for making cheap jewelry and articles for smoking. </p><p>Amber was much valued as an ornamental material in early times, but also for religious purpose. <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a> beads are used by <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> alike up too our days. Around 58 A.D., the Roman Emperor Nero sent a Roman knight on a search for this “Gold of the North” and brought hundreds of pounds of amber to Rome. In later days, from 1283 on, the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a>, after returning from the crusades, became absolute rulers of Prussia and the Baltic sources of amber, as well as the manufacture of objects made of amber, punishing transgressors with death by hanging. History has it that when they arrived in 1492 at the Caribbean island of “La Hispaniola” (<a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>), <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Columbus</a> received from a young Taino prince a pair of shoes decorated with Dominican amber, in exchange for a strand of Baltic amber beads that he had offered. <sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Dominican_Amber_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Dominican_Amber-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amber&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amber&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber_(colour)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amber (colour)">Amber (colour)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minerals" title="List of minerals">List of minerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Static_electricity" title="Static electricity">Static electricity</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amber&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amber&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amber" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Amber"><span style="">Amber</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPoinar1992" class="citation book cs1">Poinar, George O. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24247184"><i>Life in amber</i></a>. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2001-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2001-0"><bdi>0-8047-2001-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/24247184">24247184</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+in+amber&rft.place=Stanford%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F24247184&rft.isbn=0-8047-2001-0&rft.aulast=Poinar&rft.aufirst=George+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F24247184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLangenheim2003" class="citation book cs1">Langenheim, Jean (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/plantresinschemi0000lang"><i>Plant Resins: Chemistry, Evolution, Ecology, and Ethnobotany</i></a>. Timber Press Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88192-574-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-88192-574-8"><bdi>0-88192-574-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plant+Resins%3A+Chemistry%2C+Evolution%2C+Ecology%2C+and+Ethnobotany&rft.pub=Timber+Press+Inc.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-88192-574-8&rft.aulast=Langenheim&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplantresinschemi0000lang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17168489/">Scientist: Frog could be 25 million years old</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070811121944/http://science.enotes.com/how-products-encyclopedia/amber">"How Products Are Made: Amber"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.enotes.com/how-products-encyclopedia/amber">the original</a> on 2007-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Products+Are+Made%3A+Amber&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.enotes.com%2Fhow-products-encyclopedia%2Famber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rice2006-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Rice2006_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Rice2006_5-1">5.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Rice2006_5-2">5.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPatty_C._Rice2006" class="citation book cs1">Patty C. Rice (15 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g6NVVpqhixIC&pg=PA22"><i>Amber: Golden Gem of the Ages</i></a>. Patty Rice. pp. 22<i>ff</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4259-3849-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4259-3849-9"><bdi>978-1-4259-3849-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amber%3A+Golden+Gem+of+the+Ages&rft.pages=22%27%27ff%27%27&rft.pub=Patty+Rice&rft.date=2006-09-15&rft.isbn=978-1-4259-3849-9&rft.au=Patty+C.+Rice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg6NVVpqhixIC%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolfe2009-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wolfe2009_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFWolfeTappertMuehlenbachsBoudreau2009" class="citation journal cs1">Wolfe, Alexander P.; Tappert, Ralf; Muehlenbachs, Karlis; Boudreau, Marc; McKellar, Ryan C.; Basinger, James F.; Garrett, Amber (2009-10-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2817186">"A new proposal concerning the botanical origin of Baltic amber"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. <b>276</b> (1672): 3403–3412. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2009.0806">10.1098/rspb.2009.0806</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2817186">2817186</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19570786">19570786</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+new+proposal+concerning+the+botanical+origin+of+Baltic+amber&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=1672&rft.pages=3403-3412&rft.date=2009-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2817186%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19570786&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.2009.0806&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=Alexander+P.&rft.au=Tappert%2C+Ralf&rft.au=Muehlenbachs%2C+Karlis&rft.au=Boudreau%2C+Marc&rft.au=McKellar%2C+Ryan+C.&rft.au=Basinger%2C+James+F.&rft.au=Garrett%2C+Amber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2817186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poinar1999-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Poinar1999_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPoinar1999" class="citation book cs1">Poinar, George O. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39380150"><i>The amber forest : a reconstruction of a vanished world</i></a>. Roberta Poinar. Princeton, New Jersey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-02888-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-02888-5"><bdi>0-691-02888-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39380150">39380150</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+amber+forest+%3A+a+reconstruction+of+a+vanished+world&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39380150&rft.isbn=0-691-02888-5&rft.aulast=Poinar&rft.aufirst=George+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F39380150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmber" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BalticAmber-Autoclave_Treatment-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BalticAmber-Autoclave_Treatment_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefossilforum.com/index.php?/topic/40072-baltic-amber-autoclave-treatment/">"Baltic Amber - Autoclave Treatment"</a>. <i>The Fossil Forum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Fossil+Forum&rft.atitle=Baltic+Amber+-+Autoclave+Treatment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefossilforum.com%2Findex.php%3F%2Ftopic%2F40072-baltic-amber-autoclave-treatment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Columbus_Dominican_Amber-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Dominican_Amber_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dr1.com/articles/amber.shtml">"DR1.com - Dominican Republic News & Travel Information Service"</a>. <i>dr1.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dr1.com&rft.atitle=DR1.com+-+Dominican+Republic+News+%26+Travel+Information+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdr1.com%2Farticles%2Famber.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amber&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amber&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/amber.htm">The World of Amber</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070428124042/http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/amber.htm">Archived</a> 2007-04-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> A comprehensive website maintained by the Earth Science Department of Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas (Accessed <a href="/wiki/29_May" class="mw-redirect" title="29 May">29 May</a> <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fossilinsects.net/lib.htm">Publications on amber inclusions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050731084240/http://fossilinsects.net/lib.htm">Archived</a> 2005-07-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baltic-amber.amberizon.com">Baltic amber information page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090707051033/http://baltic-amber.amberizon.com/">Archived</a> 2009-07-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.webmineral.com/data/Amber.shtml">http://www.webmineral.com/data/Amber.shtml</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-188.html">http://www.mindat.org/min-188.html</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/amber.html">http://www.gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/amber.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070708091119/http://www.gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/amber.html">Archived</a> 2007-07-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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