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<span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domain_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domain_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Domain structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domain_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Main_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Main groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subtypes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subtypes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Subtypes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subtypes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_proteins_containing_this_domain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_proteins_containing_this_domain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other proteins containing this domain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_proteins_containing_this_domain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="سيكلين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيكلين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciklin" title="Ciklin – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ciklin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclina" title="Ciclina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciclina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyklin" title="Cyklin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cyklin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycline" title="Cycline – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cycline" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%BCkliinid" title="Tsükliinid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsükliinid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Κυκλίνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυκλίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclina" title="Ciclina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciclina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclines_(prot%C3%A9ines)" title="Cyclines (protéines) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cyclines (protéines)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclina" title="Ciclina – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ciclina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4%EB%A6%B0" title="사이클린 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사이클린" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclina" title="Ciclina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ciclina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Циклин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Циклин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciklin" title="Ciklin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ciklin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Циклин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Циклин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycline" title="Cycline – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cycline" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="サイクリン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サイクリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cykliny" title="Cykliny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cykliny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Циклин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Циклин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykliini" title="Sykliini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sykliini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyklin" title="Cyklin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cyklin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Циклін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Циклін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="周期蛋白 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="周期蛋白" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q59250999#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cyclin" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Cyclin" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page 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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Group of proteins</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyclin_structure.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cyclin_structure.pdf/page1-220px-Cyclin_structure.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cyclin_structure.pdf/page1-330px-Cyclin_structure.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cyclin_structure.pdf/page1-440px-Cyclin_structure.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1312" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Tertiary structure of human cyclin A (lacking the amino-terminal 170 amino acids), showing the central core of two five-helix bundles, with additional helices at the amino terminus (black) and carboxyl terminus (grey). The yellow region in helix 1 is the MRAIL sequence or hydrophobic patch, which contributes to the recognition of some substrates. (PDB 1fin)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cyclins</b> are proteins that control the progression of a cell through the <a href="/wiki/Cell_cycle" title="Cell cycle">cell cycle</a> by activating <a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase">cyclin-dependent kinases</a> (CDK).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12910258_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12910258-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cyclins were originally discovered by <a href="/wiki/R._Timothy_Hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Timothy Hunt">R. Timothy Hunt</a> in 1982 while studying the cell cycle of sea urchins.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid6134587_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid6134587-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an interview for "The Life Scientific" (aired on 13/12/2011) hosted by <a href="/wiki/Jim_Al-Khalili" title="Jim Al-Khalili">Jim Al-Khalili</a>, <a href="/wiki/R._Timothy_Hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Timothy Hunt">R. Timothy Hunt</a> explained that the name "cyclin" was originally named after his hobby cycling. It was only after the naming did its importance in the cell cycle become apparent. As it was appropriate the name stuck.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_The_Life_Scientific_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_The_Life_Scientific-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/R._Timothy_Hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Timothy Hunt">R. Timothy Hunt</a>: "By the way, the name cyclin, which I coined, was really a joke, it's because I liked cycling so much at the time, but they did come and go in the cell..."<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_The_Life_Scientific_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_The_Life_Scientific-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyclin_Expression.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Cyclin_Expression.svg/330px-Cyclin_Expression.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Cyclin_Expression.svg/495px-Cyclin_Expression.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Cyclin_Expression.svg/660px-Cyclin_Expression.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Expression of human cyclins through the <a href="/wiki/Cell_cycle" title="Cell cycle">cell cycle</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cyclins were originally named because their concentration varies in a cyclical fashion during the cell cycle. (Note that the cyclins are now classified according to their conserved cyclin box structure, and not all these cyclins alter in level through the cell cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-morgan_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morgan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) The oscillations of the cyclins, namely fluctuations in cyclin gene expression and destruction by the ubiquitin mediated proteasome pathway, induce oscillations in Cdk activity to drive the cell cycle. A cyclin forms a complex with Cdk, which begins to activate, but the complete activation requires phosphorylation as well. Complex formation results in activation of the Cdk <a href="/wiki/Active_site" title="Active site">active site</a>. Cyclins themselves have no enzymatic activity but have binding sites for some substrates and target the Cdks to specific subcellular locations.<sup id="cite_ref-morgan_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morgan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cyclins, when bound with the dependent <a href="/wiki/Kinase" title="Kinase">kinases</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Cdk1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cdk1">p34</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cdk1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cdk1">cdc2</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_1" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase 1">cdk1</a> protein, form the <a href="/wiki/Maturation-promoting_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturation-promoting factor">maturation-promoting factor</a>. MPFs activate other proteins through <a href="/wiki/Phosphorylation" title="Phosphorylation">phosphorylation</a>. These phosphorylated proteins, in turn, are responsible for specific events during cell division such as <a href="/wiki/Microtubule" title="Microtubule">microtubule</a> formation and <a href="/wiki/Chromatin_Structure_Remodeling_(RSC)_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromatin Structure Remodeling (RSC) Complex">chromatin remodeling</a>. Cyclins can be divided into four classes based on their behaviour in the cell cycle of vertebrate somatic cells and yeast cells: G1 cyclins, G1/S cyclins, S cyclins, and M cyclins. This division is useful when talking about most cell cycles, but it is not universal as some cyclins have different functions or timing in different cell types. </p><p>G1/S Cyclins rise in late G1 and fall in early S phase. The Cdk- G1/S cyclin complex begins to induce the initial processes of DNA replication, primarily by arresting systems that prevent S phase Cdk activity in G1. The cyclins also promote other activities to progress the cell cycle, such as <a href="/wiki/Centrosome" title="Centrosome">centrosome</a> duplication in vertebrates or <a href="/wiki/Spindle_pole_body" title="Spindle pole body">spindle pole body</a> in yeast. The rise in presence of G1/S cyclins is paralleled by a rise in S cyclins. </p><p>G1 cyclins do not behave like the other cyclins, in that the concentrations increase gradually (with no oscillation), throughout the cell cycle based on cell growth and the external growth-regulatory signals. The presence of G cyclins coordinate cell growth with the entry to a new cell cycle. </p><p>S cyclins bind to Cdk and the complex directly induces DNA replication. The levels of S cyclins remain high, not only throughout S phase, but through G2 and early mitosis as well to promote early events in mitosis. </p><p>M cyclin concentrations rise as the cell begins to enter mitosis and the concentrations peak at metaphase. Cell changes in the cell cycle like the assembly of mitotic spindles and alignment of sister-chromatids along the spindles are induced by M cyclin- Cdk complexes. The destruction of M cyclins during metaphase and anaphase, after the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint is satisfied, causes the exit of mitosis and cytokinesis.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10559878_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10559878-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Expression of cyclins detected immunocytochemically in individual cells in relation to cellular DNA content (cell cycle phase),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or in relation to initiation and termination of <a href="/wiki/DNA_replication" title="DNA replication">DNA replication</a> during S-phase, can be measured by <a href="/wiki/Flow_cytometry" title="Flow cytometry">flow cytometry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kaposi_sarcoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaposi sarcoma">Kaposi sarcoma</a> herpesvirus (<a href="/wiki/Kaposi%27s_sarcoma-associated_herpesvirus" title="Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus">KSHV</a>) encodes a D-type cyclin (ORF72) that binds <a href="/wiki/CDK6" class="mw-redirect" title="CDK6">CDK6</a> and is likely to contribute to KSHV-related cancers.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid868440_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid868440-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Domain_structure">Domain structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Domain structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cyclins are generally very different from each other in primary structure, or amino acid sequence. However, all members of the cyclin family are similar in 100 amino acids that make up the cyclin box. Cyclins contain two <a href="/wiki/Protein_domain" title="Protein domain">domains</a> of a similar <a href="/wiki/All-%CE%B1_proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="All-α proteins">all-α fold</a>, the first located at the <a href="/wiki/N-terminus" title="N-terminus">N-terminus</a> and the second at the <a href="/wiki/C-terminus" title="C-terminus">C-terminus</a>. All cyclins are believed to contain a similar tertiary structure of two compact domains of 5 α helices. The first of which is the conserved cyclin box, outside of which cyclins are divergent. For example, the amino-terminal regions of S and M cyclins contain short destruction-box motifs that target these proteins for proteolysis in mitosis. </p> <table> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Cyclin, N-terminal domain</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1vin_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/PDB_1vin_EBI.jpg/220px-PDB_1vin_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/PDB_1vin_EBI.jpg/330px-PDB_1vin_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/PDB_1vin_EBI.jpg/440px-PDB_1vin_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Structure of bovine cyclin A.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8591034_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8591034-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">Cyclin_N</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a></th><td class="infobox-data pfam" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF00134">PF00134</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a> clan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/set/pfam/CL0065/">CL0065</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR006671">IPR006671</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/PROSITE" title="PROSITE">PROSITE</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prosite.expasy.org/PDOC00264">PDOC00264</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Structural_Classification_of_Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural Classification of Proteins">SCOP2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scop2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/search?t=txt;q=1vin">1vin</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=1vin">SCOPe</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supfam.org/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/search.cgi?search_field=1vin">SUPFAM</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Available protein structures:</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a>  </th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00134?tab=pdbBlock">structures</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prodata.swmed.edu/ecod/complete/search?kw=PF00134">ECOD</a>  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.annotation_id:PF00134%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.type:Pfam">RCSB PDB</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?pfam_accession:PF00134">PDBe</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdbj.org/search/pdb?other_db_select=PFam&other_db_field=PF00134">PDBj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PDBsum" title="PDBsum">PDBsum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPfamStr.pl?pfam_id=PF00134">structure summary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1bu2">1bu2</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1e9h">1e9h</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1f5q">1f5q</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1fin">1fin</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1fvv">1fvv</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1g3n">1g3n</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1gy3">1gy3</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h1p">1h1p</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h1q">1h1q</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h1r">1h1r</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h1s">1h1s</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h24">1h24</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h25">1h25</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h26">1h26</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h27">1h27</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h28">1h28</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1jkw">1jkw</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1jow">1jow</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1jst">1jst</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1jsu">1jsu</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1kxu">1kxu</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ogu">1ogu</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1oi9">1oi9</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1oiu">1oiu</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1oiy">1oiy</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1okv">1okv</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1okw">1okw</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ol1">1ol1</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ol2">1ol2</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1p5e">1p5e</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1pkd">1pkd</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1qmz">1qmz</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1urc">1urc</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1vin">1vin</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1vyw">1vyw</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1w98">1w98</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1xo2">1xo2</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2b9r">2b9r</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2bkz">2bkz</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2bpm">2bpm</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2c4g">2c4g</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2c5n">2c5n</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2c5o">2c5o</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2c5v">2c5v</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2c5x">2c5x</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2c6t">2c6t</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2cch">2cch</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2cci">2cci</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2cjm">2cjm</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2euf">2euf</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2f2c">2f2c</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2g9x">2g9x</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2i40">2i40</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2i53">2i53</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2ivx">2ivx</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2iw6">2iw6</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2iw8">2iw8</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2iw9">2iw9</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2jgz">2jgz</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2pk2">2pk2</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2uue">2uue</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2uzb">2uzb</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2uzd">2uzd</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2uze">2uze</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2uzl">2uzl</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2v22">2v22</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3bht">3bht</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3bhu">3bhu</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3bhv">3bhv</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3blh">3blh</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3blq">3blq</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3blr">3blr</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3ddp">3ddp</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3ddq">3ddq</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3dog">3dog</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3eid">3eid</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3ej1">3ej1</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3eoc">3eoc</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3f5x">3f5x</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Cyclin, C-terminal domain</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1e9h_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/PDB_1e9h_EBI.jpg/220px-PDB_1e9h_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/PDB_1e9h_EBI.jpg/330px-PDB_1e9h_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/PDB_1e9h_EBI.jpg/440px-PDB_1e9h_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Structure of CDK2-cyclin A/indirubin-5-sulphonate.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11377199_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11377199-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">Cyclin_C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a></th><td class="infobox-data pfam" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF02984">PF02984</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a> clan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/set/pfam/CL0065/">CL0065</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR004367">IPR004367</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/PROSITE" title="PROSITE">PROSITE</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prosite.expasy.org/PDOC00264">PDOC00264</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Structural_Classification_of_Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural Classification of Proteins">SCOP2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scop2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/search?t=txt;q=1vin">1vin</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=1vin">SCOPe</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supfam.org/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/search.cgi?search_field=1vin">SUPFAM</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Available protein structures:</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a>  </th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF02984?tab=pdbBlock">structures</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prodata.swmed.edu/ecod/complete/search?kw=PF02984">ECOD</a>  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.annotation_id:PF02984%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.type:Pfam">RCSB PDB</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?pfam_accession:PF02984">PDBe</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdbj.org/search/pdb?other_db_select=PFam&other_db_field=PF02984">PDBj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PDBsum" title="PDBsum">PDBsum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPfamStr.pl?pfam_id=PF02984">structure summary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1e9h">1e9h</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1fin">1fin</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1fvv">1fvv</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1gy3">1gy3</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h1p">1h1p</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h1q">1h1q</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h1r">1h1r</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h1s">1h1s</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h24">1h24</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h25">1h25</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h26">1h26</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h27">1h27</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1h28">1h28</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1jst">1jst</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1jsu">1jsu</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ogu">1ogu</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1oi9">1oi9</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1oiu">1oiu</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1oiy">1oiy</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1okv">1okv</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1okw">1okw</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ol1">1ol1</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ol2">1ol2</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1p5e">1p5e</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1pkd">1pkd</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1qmz">1qmz</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1urc">1urc</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1vin">1vin</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1vyw">1vyw</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1w98">1w98</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2bkz">2bkz</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2bpm">2bpm</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2c4g">2c4g</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2c5n">2c5n</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2c5o">2c5o</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2c5v">2c5v</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2c5x">2c5x</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2c6t">2c6t</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2cch">2cch</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2cci">2cci</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2cjm">2cjm</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2g9x">2g9x</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2i40">2i40</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2iw6">2iw6</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2iw8">2iw8</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2iw9">2iw9</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2uue">2uue</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2uzb">2uzb</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2uzd">2uzd</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2uze">2uze</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2uzl">2uzl</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2v22">2v22</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3bht">3bht</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3bhu">3bhu</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3bhv">3bhv</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3ddp">3ddp</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3ddq">3ddq</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3dog">3dog</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3eid">3eid</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3ej1">3ej1</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3eoc">3eoc</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3f5x">3f5x</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">K cyclin, C terminal</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1g3n_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/PDB_1g3n_EBI.jpg/220px-PDB_1g3n_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/PDB_1g3n_EBI.jpg/330px-PDB_1g3n_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/PDB_1g3n_EBI.jpg/440px-PDB_1g3n_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">structure of a p18(ink4c)-cdk6-k-cyclin ternary complex</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">K-cyclin_vir_C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a></th><td class="infobox-data pfam" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF09080">PF09080</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR015164">IPR015164</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Structural_Classification_of_Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural Classification of Proteins">SCOP2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scop2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/search?t=txt;q=1g3n">1g3n</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=1g3n">SCOPe</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supfam.org/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/search.cgi?search_field=1g3n">SUPFAM</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Available protein structures:</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a>  </th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF09080?tab=pdbBlock">structures</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prodata.swmed.edu/ecod/complete/search?kw=PF09080">ECOD</a>  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.annotation_id:PF09080%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.type:Pfam">RCSB PDB</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?pfam_accession:PF09080">PDBe</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdbj.org/search/pdb?other_db_select=PFam&other_db_field=PF09080">PDBj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PDBsum" title="PDBsum">PDBsum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPfamStr.pl?pfam_id=PF09080">structure summary</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several different cyclins that are active in different parts of the cell cycle and that cause the Cdk to phosphorylate different substrates. There are also several "orphan" cyclins for which no Cdk partner has been identified. For example, cyclin F is an orphan cyclin that is essential for G<sub>2</sub>/M transition.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15840442_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15840442-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-470-04217-6_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-470-04217-6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study in <i><a href="/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans" title="Caenorhabditis elegans">C. elegans</a></i> revealed the specific roles of mitotic cyclins.<sup id="cite_ref-van_der_Voet2009_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van_der_Voet2009-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RahmanKipreos2010_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RahmanKipreos2010-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably, recent studies have shown that cyclin A creates a cellular environment that promotes microtubule detachment from kinetochores in prometaphase to ensure efficient error correction and faithful chromosome segregation. Cells must separate their chromosomes precisely, an event that relies on the bi-oriented attachment of chromosomes to spindle microtubules through specialized structures called kinetochores. In the early phases of division, there are numerous errors in how kinetochores bind to spindle microtubules. The unstable attachments promote the correction of errors by causing a constant detachment, realignment and reattachment of microtubules from kinetochores in the cells as they try to find the correct attachment. Protein cyclin A governs this process by keeping the process going until the errors are eliminated. In normal cells, persistent cyclin A expression prevents the stabilization of microtubules bound to kinetochores even in cells with aligned chromosomes. As levels of cyclin A decline, microtubule attachments become stable, allowing the chromosomes to be divided correctly as cell division proceeds. In contrast, in cyclin A-deficient cells, microtubule attachments are prematurely stabilized. Consequently, these cells may fail to correct errors, leading to higher rates of chromosome mis-segregation.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_groups">Main groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Main groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two main groups of cyclins: </p> <ul><li>G<sub>1</sub>/S cyclins – essential for the control of the cell cycle at the <a href="/wiki/Cell_cycle_checkpoint#G1_.28Restriction.29_Checkpoint" title="Cell cycle checkpoint">G<sub>1</sub>/S transition</a>, <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_A" title="Cyclin A">Cyclin A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_2" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase 2">CDK2</a> – active in S phase.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_D" title="Cyclin D">Cyclin D</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_4" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase 4">CDK4</a>, Cyclin D / <a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_6" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase 6">CDK6</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cyclin_E" title="Cyclin E">Cyclin E</a> / CDK2 – regulates transition from G<sub>1</sub> to S phase.</li></ul></li> <li>G<sub>2</sub>/M cyclins – essential for the control of the cell cycle at the <a href="/wiki/Cell_cycle_checkpoint#G2_Checkpoint" title="Cell cycle checkpoint">G2/M transition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis">mitosis</a>). G<sub>2</sub>/M cyclins accumulate steadily during G<sub>2</sub> and are abruptly destroyed as cells exit from mitosis (at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Metaphase" title="Metaphase">M-phase</a>). <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_B" title="Cyclin B">Cyclin B</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cdk1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cdk1">CDK1</a> – regulates progression from G<sub>2</sub> to M phase.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subtypes">Subtypes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Subtypes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The specific cyclin subtypes along with their corresponding CDK (in brackets) are: </p> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>Species </th> <th>G1 </th> <th>G1/S </th> <th>S </th> <th>M </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i><a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae" title="Saccharomyces cerevisiae">S. cerevisiae</a></i> </td> <td>Cln3 (Cdk1) </td> <td>Cln 1,2 (Cdk1) </td> <td>Clb 5,6 (Cdk1) </td> <td>Clb 1,2,3,4 (Cdk 1) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i><a href="/wiki/Schizosaccharomyces_pombe" title="Schizosaccharomyces pombe">S. pombe</a></i> </td> <td>Puc1? (<a href="/wiki/Cdc2" class="mw-redirect" title="Cdc2">Cdc2</a>) </td> <td>Puc1, Cig1? (Cdc2) </td> <td>Cig2, Cig1? (Cdc2) </td> <td>Cdc13 (Cdc2) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i><a href="/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster" title="Drosophila melanogaster">D. melanogaster</a></i> </td> <td>cyclin D (Cdk4) </td> <td>cyclin E (Cdk2) </td> <td>cyclin E, A (Cdk2,1) </td> <td>cyclin A, B, B3 (Cdk1) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i><a href="/wiki/Xenopus_laevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenopus laevis">X. laevis</a></i> </td> <td>either not known or not present </td> <td>cyclin E (Cdk2) </td> <td>cyclin E, A (Cdk2,1) </td> <td>cyclin A, B, B3 (Cdk1) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">H. sapiens</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_D" title="Cyclin D">cyclin D</a> 1,2,3 (<a href="/wiki/Cdk4" class="mw-redirect" title="Cdk4">Cdk4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cdk6" class="mw-redirect" title="Cdk6">Cdk6</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_E" title="Cyclin E">cyclin E</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cdk2" class="mw-redirect" title="Cdk2">Cdk2</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_A" title="Cyclin A">cyclin A</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cdk2" class="mw-redirect" title="Cdk2">Cdk2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cdk1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cdk1">Cdk1</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_B" title="Cyclin B">cyclin B</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cdk1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cdk1">Cdk1</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>family </th> <th>members </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_A" title="Cyclin A">A</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_A1" title="Cyclin A1">CCNA1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclin_A2" title="Cyclin A2">CCNA2</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_B" title="Cyclin B">B</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_B1" title="Cyclin B1">CCNB1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclin_B2" title="Cyclin B2">CCNB2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclin_B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclin B3 (page does not exist)">CCNB3</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">C </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclin C">CCNC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_D" title="Cyclin D">D</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_D1" title="Cyclin D1">CCND1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclin_D2" title="Cyclin D2">CCND2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclin_D3" title="Cyclin D3">CCND3</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_E" title="Cyclin E">E</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_E1" title="Cyclin E1">CCNE1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclin_E2" title="Cyclin E2">CCNE2</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">F </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CCNF" title="CCNF">CCNF</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">G </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CCNG1" title="CCNG1">CCNG1</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCNG2" title="CCNG2">CCNG2</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">H </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_H" title="Cyclin H">CCNH</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">I </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CCNI_(gene)" title="CCNI (gene)">CCNI</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=CCNI2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CCNI2 (page does not exist)">CCNI2</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">J </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=CCNJ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CCNJ (page does not exist)">CCNJ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=CCNJL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CCNJL (page does not exist)">CCNJL</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">K </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_K" title="Cyclin K">CCNK</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">L </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CCNL1" title="CCNL1">CCNL1</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCNL2" title="CCNL2">CCNL2</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">O </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_O" title="Cyclin O">CCNO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">P </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclin_P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclin P (page does not exist)">CCNP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">T </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_T1" title="Cyclin T1">CCNT1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclin_T2" title="Cyclin T2">CCNT2</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Y </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclin_Y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclin Y (page does not exist)">CCNY</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=CCNYL1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CCNYL1 (page does not exist)">CCNYL1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=CCNYL2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CCNYL2 (page does not exist)">CCNYL2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=CCNYL3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CCNYL3 (page does not exist)">CCNYL3</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_proteins_containing_this_domain">Other proteins containing this domain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other proteins containing this domain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition, the following human protein contains a cyclin domain: </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=CNTD1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CNTD1 (page does not exist)">CNTD1</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Leland H. Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/R._Timothy_Hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Timothy Hunt">R. Timothy Hunt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paul_M._Nurse" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul M. Nurse">Paul M. Nurse</a> won the 2001 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> for their discovery of cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase.<sup id="cite_ref-urlMedicine_2001_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlMedicine_2001-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pmid12910258-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12910258_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGalderisiJoriGiordano2003" class="citation journal cs1">Galderisi U, Jori FP, Giordano A (August 2003). 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Marko D, Eisenbrand G, Endicott JA, Noble ME (May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0969-2126%2801%2900598-6">"Inhibitor binding to active and inactive CDK2: the crystal structure of CDK2-cyclin A/indirubin-5-sulphonate"</a>. <i>Structure</i>. <b>9</b> (5): 389–97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0969-2126%2801%2900598-6">10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00598-6</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11377199">11377199</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Structure&rft.atitle=Inhibitor+binding+to+active+and+inactive+CDK2%3A+the+crystal+structure+of+CDK2-cyclin+A%2Findirubin-5-sulphonate&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=389-97&rft.date=2001-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0969-2126%2801%2900598-6&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11377199&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=TG&rft.au=Tunnah%2C+P&rft.au=Meijer%2C+L&rft.au=Marko%2C+D&rft.au=Eisenbrand%2C+G&rft.au=Endicott%2C+JA&rft.au=Noble%2C+ME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0969-2126%252801%252900598-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyclin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid15840442-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid15840442_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFungPoon2005" class="citation journal cs1">Fung TK, 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"A roller coaster ride with the mitotic cyclins". <i>Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology</i>. <b>16</b> (3): 335–42. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.semcdb.2005.02.014">10.1016/j.semcdb.2005.02.014</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15840442">15840442</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seminars+in+Cell+%26+Developmental+Biology&rft.atitle=A+roller+coaster+ride+with+the+mitotic+cyclins&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=335-42&rft.date=2005-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.semcdb.2005.02.014&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15840442&rft.aulast=Fung&rft.aufirst=TK&rft.au=Poon%2C+RY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyclin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn0-470-04217-6-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-470-04217-6_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarp2007" class="citation book cs1">Karp G (2007). <i>Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments</i>. New York: Wiley. pp. 148, 165–170, and 624–664. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-04217-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-04217-5"><bdi>978-0-470-04217-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cell+and+Molecular+Biology%3A+Concepts+and+Experiments&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=148%2C+165-170%2C+and+624-664&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-470-04217-5&rft.aulast=Karp&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyclin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-van_der_Voet2009-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-van_der_Voet2009_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_VoetLorsonSrinivasanBennett2009" class="citation journal cs1">van der Voet M, Lorson MA, Srinivasan DG, Bennett KL, van den Heuvel S (December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3614003">"C. elegans mitotic cyclins have distinct as well as overlapping functions in chromosome segregation"</a>. <i>Cell Cycle</i>. <b>8</b> (24): 4091–102. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4161%2Fcc.8.24.10171">10.4161/cc.8.24.10171</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3614003">3614003</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19829076">19829076</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Cycle&rft.atitle=C.+elegans+mitotic+cyclins+have+distinct+as+well+as+overlapping+functions+in+chromosome+segregation&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=4091-102&rft.date=2009-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3614003%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19829076&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4161%2Fcc.8.24.10171&rft.aulast=van+der+Voet&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Lorson%2C+MA&rft.au=Srinivasan%2C+DG&rft.au=Bennett%2C+KL&rft.au=van+den+Heuvel%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3614003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyclin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RahmanKipreos2010-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RahmanKipreos2010_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahmanKipreos2010" class="citation journal cs1">Rahman MM, Kipreos ET (January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4161%2Fcc.9.1.10577">"The specific roles of mitotic cyclins revealed"</a>. <i>Cell Cycle</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 22–3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4161%2Fcc.9.1.10577">10.4161/cc.9.1.10577</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20016257">20016257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Cycle&rft.atitle=The+specific+roles+of+mitotic+cyclins+revealed&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=22-3&rft.date=2010-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4161%2Fcc.9.1.10577&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20016257&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=MM&rft.au=Kipreos%2C+ET&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4161%252Fcc.9.1.10577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyclin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumann2013" class="citation journal cs1">Baumann K (November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrm3680">"Cell cycle: Cyclin A corrections"</a>. <i>Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology</i>. <b>14</b> (11): 692. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrm3680">10.1038/nrm3680</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24064541">24064541</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34397179">34397179</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews.+Molecular+Cell+Biology&rft.atitle=Cell+cycle%3A+Cyclin+A+corrections&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=692&rft.date=2013-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A34397179%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24064541&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnrm3680&rft.aulast=Baumann&rft.aufirst=K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fnrm3680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyclin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlMedicine_2001-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urlMedicine_2001_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2001/index.html">"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001"</a>. The Nobel Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physiology+or+Medicine+2001&rft.pub=The+Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F2001%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyclin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKriegerScottMatsudairaLodish2004" class="citation book cs1">Krieger M, Scott MP, Matsudaira PT, Lodish HF, Darnell JE, Zipursky L, Kaiser C, Berk A (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/molecularcellbio00harv"><i>Molecular cell biology</i></a></span> (Fifth ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and CO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7167-4366-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7167-4366-3"><bdi>0-7167-4366-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Molecular+cell+biology&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Fifth&rft.pub=W.H.+Freeman+and+CO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7167-4366-3&rft.aulast=Krieger&rft.aufirst=Monty&rft.au=Scott%2C+Matthew+P&rft.au=Matsudaira%2C+Paul+T.&rft.au=Lodish%2C+Harvey+F.&rft.au=Darnell%2C+James+E.&rft.au=Zipursky%2C+Lawrence&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+Chris&rft.au=Berk%2C+Arnold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmolecularcellbio00harv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyclin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eukaryotic_Linear_Motif_resource" title="Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource">Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource</a> motif class <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elm.eu.org/elms/elmPages/LIG_CYCLIN_1.html">LIG_CYCLIN_1</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Intracellular_signaling_peptides_and_proteins" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;background:#e7dcc3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Intracellular_signaling_peptides_and_proteins" title="Template talk:Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Intracellular_signaling_peptides_and_proteins" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Intracellular_signaling_peptides_and_proteins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Intracellular_signaling_peptides_and_proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins">Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;width:1%">MAP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>see <a href="/wiki/Template:MAP_kinase_pathway" title="Template:MAP kinase pathway">MAP kinase pathway</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;width:1%">Calcium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intracellular_calcium-sensing_proteins" title="Intracellular calcium-sensing proteins">Intracellular calcium-sensing proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcineurin" title="Calcineurin">Calcineurin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca2%2B/calmodulin-dependent_protein_kinase" class="mw-redirect" title="Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase">Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/G_protein" title="G protein">G protein</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Heterotrimeric_G_protein" title="Heterotrimeric G protein">Heterotrimeric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/CAMP-dependent_pathway" title="CAMP-dependent pathway">cAMP</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heterotrimeric_G_protein" title="Heterotrimeric G protein">Heterotrimeric G protein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gs_alpha_subunit" title="Gs alpha subunit">Gs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gi_alpha_subunit" title="Gi alpha subunit">Gi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenylate_cyclase" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenylate cyclase">Adenylate cyclase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate" title="Cyclic adenosine monophosphate">cAMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%27,5%27-cyclic-AMP_phosphodiesterase" title="3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase">3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_A" title="Protein kinase A">Protein kinase A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Cyclic_guanosine_monophosphate" title="Cyclic guanosine monophosphate">cGMP</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transducin" title="Transducin">Transducin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustducin" title="Gustducin">Gustducin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanylate_cyclase" title="Guanylate cyclase">Guanylate cyclase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclic_guanosine_monophosphate" title="Cyclic guanosine monophosphate">cGMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%27,5%27-cyclic-GMP_phosphodiesterase" title="3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase">3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGMP-dependent_protein_kinase" title="CGMP-dependent protein kinase">Protein kinase G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G_alpha_subunit" title="G alpha subunit">G alpha subunit</a> G<sub>α</sub> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNAO1" title="GNAO1">GNAO1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAI1" title="GNAI1">GNAI1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAI2" title="GNAI2">GNAI2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAI3" title="GNAI3">GNAI3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAT1" title="GNAT1">GNAT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAT2" title="GNAT2">GNAT2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAT3" title="GNAT3">GNAT3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAZ" title="GNAZ">GNAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAS_complex_locus" title="GNAS complex locus">GNAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAL" title="GNAL">GNAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAQ" title="GNAQ">GNAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNA11" title="GNA11">GNA11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNA12" title="GNA12">GNA12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNA13" title="GNA13">GNA13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNA14" title="GNA14">GNA14</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNA15/GNA16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNA15/GNA16 (page does not exist)">GNA15/GNA16</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G_beta-gamma_complex" title="G beta-gamma complex">G beta-gamma complex</a> G<sub>β</sub> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNB1" title="GNB1">GNB1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNB2" title="GNB2">GNB2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNB3" title="GNB3">GNB3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNB4" title="GNB4">GNB4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNB5" title="GNB5">GNB5</a></li></ul></li> <li>G<sub>γ</sub> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNGT1" title="GNGT1">GNGT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNGT2" title="GNGT2">GNGT2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNG2" title="GNG2">GNG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNG3" title="GNG3">GNG3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNG4" title="GNG4">GNG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNG5" title="GNG5">GNG5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNG7" title="GNG7">GNG7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNG8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNG8 (page does not exist)">GNG8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNG10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNG10 (page does not exist)">GNG10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNG11" title="GNG11">GNG11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNG12" title="GNG12">GNG12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNG13" title="GNG13">GNG13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSCL2" title="BSCL2">BSCL2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptor_kinase" title="G protein-coupled receptor kinase">G protein-coupled receptor kinase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMP-activated_protein_kinase" title="AMP-activated protein kinase">AMP-activated protein kinase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Small_GTPase" title="Small GTPase">Monomeric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADP_ribosylation_factor" title="ADP ribosylation factor">ARFs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_(G-protein)" title="Rab (G-protein)">Rabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_subfamily" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras subfamily">Ras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HRAS" title="HRAS">HRAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRAS" title="KRAS">KRAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroblastoma_RAS_viral_oncogene_homolog" title="Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog">NRAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rho_family_of_GTPases" title="Rho family of GTPases">Rhos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADP_ribosylation_factor" title="ADP ribosylation factor">Arfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ran_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ran (gene)">Ran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHEB" title="RHEB">Rhebs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_GTP-binding_protein" title="Rap GTP-binding protein">Raps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RRAD_(gene)" title="RRAD (gene)">RGKs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;width:1%">Cyclin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_inhibitor_protein" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein">Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase">Cyclin-dependent kinase</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyclin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;width:1%">Lipid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phosphoinositide_phospholipase_C" title="Phosphoinositide phospholipase C">Phosphoinositide phospholipase C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phospholipase_C" title="Phospholipase C">Phospholipase C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase" title="Protein kinase">protein kinase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Serine/threonine-specific_protein_kinase" title="Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase">Serine/threonine</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casein_kinase" title="Casein kinase">Casein kinase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casein_kinase_1" title="Casein kinase 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casein_kinase_2" title="Casein kinase 2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF-2_kinase" title="EIF-2 kinase">eIF-2 kinase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EIF2AK3" title="EIF2AK3">EIF2AK3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycogen_synthase_kinase" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycogen synthase kinase">Glycogen synthase kinase</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK1 (page does not exist)">GSK1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK2 (page does not exist)">GSK2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK-3" title="GSK-3">GSK-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK3A" title="GSK3A">GSK3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK3B" class="mw-redirect" title="GSK3B">GSK3B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%CE%BAB_kinase" title="IκB kinase">IκB kinase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHUK" title="CHUK">CHUK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKK2" title="IKK2">IKK2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKBKG" title="IKBKG">IKBKG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-1_receptor_associated_kinase" title="Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase">Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IRAK1" title="IRAK1">IRAK1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAK2" title="IRAK2">IRAK2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAK3" title="IRAK3">IRAK3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAK4" title="IRAK4">IRAK4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lim_kinase" title="Lim kinase">Lim kinase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LIMK1" title="LIMK1">LIMK1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIMK2" title="LIMK2">LIMK2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P21-activated_kinases" title="P21-activated kinases">p21-activated kinases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PAK1" title="PAK1">PAK1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAK2" title="PAK2">PAK2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAK3" title="PAK3">PAK3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAK4" title="PAK4">PAK4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rho-associated_protein_kinase" title="Rho-associated protein kinase">Rho-associated protein kinase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROCK1" title="ROCK1">ROCK1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROCK2" title="ROCK2">ROCK2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribosomal_s6_kinase" title="Ribosomal s6 kinase">Ribosomal s6 kinase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RPS6KA1" title="RPS6KA1">RPS6KA1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Non-receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Non-receptor tyrosine kinase">Tyrosine</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZAP70" title="ZAP70">ZAP70</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Focal_adhesion_protein-tyrosine_kinase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase (page does not exist)">Focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PTK2" title="PTK2">PTK2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTK2B" title="PTK2B">PTK2B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruton%27s_tyrosine_kinase" title="Bruton's tyrosine kinase">BTK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Serine/threonine/tyrosine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual-specificity_kinase" title="Dual-specificity kinase">Dual-specificity kinase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DYRK1A" title="DYRK1A">DYRK1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DYRK1B" title="DYRK1B">DYRK1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DYRK2" title="DYRK2">DYRK2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DYRK3" title="DYRK3">DYRK3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DYRK4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DYRK4 (page does not exist)">DYRK4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Arginine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arginine_kinase" title="Arginine kinase">Arginine kinase</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=McsB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McsB (page does not exist)">McsB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Protein_phosphatase" title="Protein phosphatase">protein phosphatase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Protein_serine/threonine_phosphatase" title="Protein serine/threonine phosphatase">Serine/threonine</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protein_phosphatase_2" title="Protein phosphatase 2">Protein phosphatase 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Protein_tyrosine_phosphatase" title="Protein tyrosine phosphatase">Tyrosine</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protein_tyrosine_phosphatase" title="Protein tyrosine phosphatase">protein tyrosine phosphatase</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Receptor-like_protein_tyrosine_phosphatase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase (page does not exist)">Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh2_domain-containing_protein_tyrosine_phosphatase" class="mw-redirect" title="Sh2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase">Sh2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">both:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual-specificity_phosphatase" title="Dual-specificity phosphatase">Dual-specificity phosphatase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">Apoptosis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Apoptosis_signaling_pathway" title="Template:Apoptosis signaling pathway">apoptosis signaling pathway</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/GTP-binding_protein_regulators" title="GTP-binding protein regulators">GTP-binding protein regulators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>see <a href="/wiki/Template:GTP-binding_protein_regulators" title="Template:GTP-binding protein regulators">GTP-binding protein regulators</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATF6" title="ATF6">Activating transcription factor 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_transducing_adaptor_protein" title="Signal transducing adaptor protein">Signal transducing adaptor protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%CE%BAB%CE%B1" title="IκBα">I-kappa B protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUC4" class="mw-redirect" title="MUC4">Mucin-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_marker_protein" title="Olfactory marker protein">Olfactory marker protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylethanolamine_binding_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein">Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDARADD" title="EDARADD">EDARADD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRKCSH" title="PRKCSH">PRKCSH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite"><div><i>see also <a href="/wiki/Template:Deficiencies_of_intracellular_signaling_peptides_and_proteins" title="Template:Deficiencies of intracellular signaling peptides and proteins">deficiencies of intracellular signaling peptides and proteins</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cell_cycle_proteins" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cell_cycle_proteins" title="Template:Cell cycle proteins"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cell_cycle_proteins" title="Template talk:Cell cycle proteins"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cell_cycle_proteins" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cell cycle proteins"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cell_cycle_proteins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cell_cycle" title="Cell cycle">Cell cycle</a> <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyclin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_A" title="Cyclin A">A</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cyclin_A1" title="Cyclin A1">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclin_A2" title="Cyclin A2">A2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_B" title="Cyclin B">B</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cyclin_B1" title="Cyclin B1">B1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclin_B2" title="Cyclin B2">B2</a>, B3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_D" title="Cyclin D">D</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cyclin_D1" title="Cyclin D1">D1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclin_D2" title="Cyclin D2">D2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclin_D3" title="Cyclin D3">D3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_E" title="Cyclin E">E</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cyclin_E1" title="Cyclin E1">E1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclin_E2" title="Cyclin E2">E2</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase">CDK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_1" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_2" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_3" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_4" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_5" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_6" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_7" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_8" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_9" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_10" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDC2L2" title="CDC2L2">11A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDC2L1" title="CDC2L1">11B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDK12" title="CDK12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDK13" title="CDK13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PFTK1" title="PFTK1">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDK-activating_kinase" title="CDK-activating kinase">CDK-activating kinase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_inhibitor_protein" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein">CDK inhibitor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INK4" title="INK4">INK4a/ARF</a> (<a href="/wiki/P14arf" title="P14arf">p14arf</a>/<a href="/wiki/P16" title="P16">p16</a>, <a href="/wiki/CDKN2B" title="CDKN2B">p15</a>, <a href="/wiki/CDKN2C" title="CDKN2C">p18</a>, <a href="/wiki/CDKN2D" title="CDKN2D">p19</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_cycle#Inhibitors" title="Cell cycle">cip/kip</a> (<a href="/wiki/P21" title="P21">p21</a>, <a href="/wiki/CDKN1B" title="CDKN1B">p27</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_inhibitor_1C" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C">p57</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/P53_p63_p73_family" title="P53 p63 p73 family">P53 p63 p73 family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P53" title="P53">p53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TP63" title="TP63">p63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P73" title="P73">p73</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cdk1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cdk1">Cdc2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cdc25" title="Cdc25">Cdc25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDC42" title="CDC42">Cdc42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_apoptosis_susceptibility_protein" title="Cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein">Cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E2F" title="E2F">E2F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturation_promoting_factor" title="Maturation promoting factor">Maturation promoting factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wee1" title="Wee1">Wee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullin" title="Cullin">Cullin</a> (<a href="/wiki/CUL7" title="CUL7">CUL7</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phases and<br />checkpoints</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interphase" title="Interphase">Interphase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G1_phase" title="G1 phase">G<sub>1</sub> phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_phase" title="S phase">S phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G2_phase" title="G2 phase">G<sub>2</sub> phase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cell_division" title="Cell division">M phase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis">Mitosis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Preprophase" title="Preprophase">Preprophase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophase" title="Prophase">Prophase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometaphase" title="Prometaphase">Prometaphase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphase" title="Metaphase">Metaphase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphase" title="Anaphase">Anaphase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telophase" title="Telophase">Telophase</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytokinesis" title="Cytokinesis">Cytokinesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cell_cycle_checkpoint" title="Cell cycle checkpoint">Cell cycle checkpoints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Restriction_point" title="Restriction point">Restriction point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spindle_checkpoint" title="Spindle checkpoint">Spindle checkpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postreplication_checkpoint" title="Postreplication checkpoint">Postreplication checkpoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cellular phases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">Apoptosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G0_phase" title="G0 phase">G<sub>0</sub> phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">Meiosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="note" style="font-style: italic;">This article incorporates text from the public domain <a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a> and <a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a>: <a rel="nofollow" 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