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Welcome Leo Spitzer, Rosenberg Senior Scholar 2025 - Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies
<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <!-- Bootstrap core CSS --> <!-- Custom styles for this template --> <link rel="pingback" href="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/xmlrpc.php"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <!-- Google Tag Manager for WordPress by gtm4wp.com --> <script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer> var gtm4wp_datalayer_name = "dataLayer"; var dataLayer = dataLayer || []; const gtm4wp_scrollerscript_debugmode = false; const gtm4wp_scrollerscript_callbacktime = 100; const gtm4wp_scrollerscript_readerlocation = 150; const gtm4wp_scrollerscript_contentelementid = "content"; const gtm4wp_scrollerscript_scannertime = 60; </script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager for WordPress by gtm4wp.com --> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <title>Welcome Leo Spitzer, Rosenberg Senior Scholar 2025 - Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/2025/02/07/leo/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Welcome Leo Spitzer, Rosenberg Senior Scholar 2025 - Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Please join us in welcoming Leo Spitzer, as a William Rosenberg Senior Scholar, thanks to funding from the Claims Conference. Spitzer is Vernon Professor of History Emeritus and Research Professor at Dartmouth College. He writes about responses to imperialism, Jewish refugee memory, and traumatic witnessing and its transmission. He is the recipient of numerous fellowships including the Guggenheim and American Council of Learned Societies. His books include Lives in Between: Assimilation, Marginality, Exclusion in the Era of Emancipation (1989) and Hotel Bolivia: The Culture of Memory in a Refuge from Nazism (1998). He is also the editor of Arthur Kessler: A Doctor’s Memoir of the Romanian Holocaust (2024) and is currently writing about entjudung in Rechnitz in 1938: ethnic cleansing in a small Austrian town where his father was born and parental family lived. Together with Marianne Hirsch, Spitzer has co-authored two books: Ghosts of Home: The Afterlife of Czernowitz in Jewish Memory (2010) and School Photos in Liquid Time: Reframing Difference (2020). As Senior Scholar, Spitzer will produce an annotated critical edition of a testimony for our Critical Edition Series as part of our Claims Conference Grant Unlocking Survivor Testimony: A Program to Produce Critical Annotated Editions of Non-English Holocaust Testimonies." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/2025/02/07/leo/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2025-02-07T10:43:03+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Spitzer.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="400" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="438" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="Stephen Naron" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Stephen Naron" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="2 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/2025/02/07/leo/","url":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/2025/02/07/leo/","name":"Welcome Leo Spitzer, Rosenberg Senior Scholar 2025 - Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/2025/02/07/leo/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/2025/02/07/leo/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Spitzer.jpg","datePublished":"2025-02-07T10:43:03+00:00","author":{"@id":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/#/schema/person/835a0e2f2a100e10dd53243c9b87aa83"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/2025/02/07/leo/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/2025/02/07/leo/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/2025/02/07/leo/#primaryimage","url":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Spitzer.jpg","contentUrl":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Spitzer.jpg","width":400,"height":438,"caption":"Leo Spitzer"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/2025/02/07/leo/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Blog","item":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/resources/blog/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Welcome Leo Spitzer, Rosenberg Senior Scholar 2025"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/#website","url":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/","name":"Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies","description":"Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies | Yale University Library","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/#/schema/person/835a0e2f2a100e10dd53243c9b87aa83","name":"Stephen Naron","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1ce288be056632a5832284465141ca58?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1ce288be056632a5832284465141ca58?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Stephen Naron"},"sameAs":["https://web.library.yale.edu/testimonies"],"url":"https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/author/yalefortunoff/"}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies » Feed" href="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies » Comments Feed" href="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/fortunoff.library.yale.edu\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.2"}}; /*! 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class="mb-3" type="submit" value="Search" /> </form> <!-- <form class="mobile-search-form mx-auto text-center"> <input class="mb-3" type="text" placeholder=""><br /> <input type="submit" value="Search" /> </form> --> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <!---CONTENT HERE--> <div id="content"> <main role="main" id="single"> <nav class="crumb" aria-label="Breadcrumb"><div class="container"> <ul><li> <a href="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu">Home</a> </li><li> <a href="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/news-events/">News & Events</a> </li><li>Welcome Leo Spitzer, Rosenberg Senior Scholar 2025</li></ul></div></nav> <div class="container-fluid banner" style="background-image: url('https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Spitzer.jpg')"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <span class="bg"></span> <span> <h1>News</h1> </span> <span class="caption d-none d-lg-block">Leo Spitzer</span> <div class="col-lg-6"> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 d-flex align-items-center"> <h1 class="mb-1 px-5 d-none d-xl-block">Welcome Leo Spitzer, Rosenberg Senior Scholar 2025</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.container --> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h1 class="mb-1 d-xl-none blue">Welcome Leo Spitzer, Rosenberg Senior Scholar 2025</h1> <div class="meta">By Stephen Naron - February 7, 2025</div> <p>Please join us in welcoming <strong>Leo Spitzer</strong><b>,</b> as a William Rosenberg Senior Scholar, thanks to funding from the <b>Claims Conference</b>.</p> <p><strong>Spitzer</strong> is Vernon Professor of History Emeritus and Research Professor at Dartmouth College. He writes about responses to imperialism, Jewish refugee memory, and traumatic witnessing and its transmission. He is the recipient of numerous fellowships including the Guggenheim and American Council of Learned Societies. His books include <em>Lives in Between:</em> <em>Assimilation, Marginality, Exclusion in the Era of Emancipation</em> (1989) and<em> Hotel Bolivia: The Culture of Memory in a Refuge from Nazism </em>(1998). He is also the editor of <em>Arthur Kessler: </em><em>A Doctor’s Memoir of the Romanian Holocaust</em> (2024) and is currently writing about <em>entjudung </em>in Rechnitz in 1938: ethnic cleansing in a small Austrian town where his father was born and parental family lived.</p> <p>Together with Marianne Hirsch, Spitzer has co-authored two books: <em>Ghosts of Home: The Afterlife of Czernowitz in Jewish Memory </em>(2010) and <em>School Photos in Liquid Time: Reframing Difference</em> (2020).</p> <p>As Senior Scholar, Spitzer will produce an annotated critical edition of a testimony for our <a title="Critical Edition Series" href="https://editions.fortunoff.library.yale.edu/" data-linkto="https://">Critical Edition Series</a> as part of our <b>Claims Conference Grant </b><i><b>Unlocking Survivor Testimony: A Program to Produce Critical Annotated Editions of Non-English Holocaust Testimonies</b>.</i></p> </div> </div> <div class="row videos"> </div> </div> </div> </main> <!-- /end of main --> </div> <!-- /content --> <!-- FOOTER --> <footer class="container-fluid"> <div class="container"> <!-- .row --> <div class="row"> <!-- .col-lg-4 --> <div class="col-lg-4 order-lg-1"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#"> <img src="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/fortunoff/img/logo-footer.svg"> </a> </div> <!-- /.col-lg-4 --> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-4 order-lg-3"> <div class="info"> Today’s Hours: 8:30am - 4:30pm<br /><br /> Sterling Memorial Library, Room 331B<br /> 120 High Street New Haven CT 06511 <br /> <a href="mailto:fortunoff.archive@yale.edu">fortunoff.archive@yale.edu</a><br /> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-8 order-lg-2 d-flex flex-column justify-content-between"> <nav class="navbar"> <div class="d-flex flex-row ml-auto"><ul id="menu-footer" class="navbar-nav"><li id="menu-item-4073" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4073 nav-item"><a title="About Us" href="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/about-us/" class="nav-link">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4074" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4074 nav-item"><a title="Research" href="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/research/" class="nav-link">Research</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4075" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4075 nav-item"><a title="Fellowships" href="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/fellowships/" class="nav-link">Fellowships</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5377" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5377 nav-item"><a title="Education" href="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/education/" class="nav-link">Education</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4076" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4076 nav-item"><a title="News & Events" href="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/news-events/" class="nav-link">News & Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4317" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4317 nav-item"><a title="Contact Us" href="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/contact-us/" class="nav-link">Contact Us</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> <ul class="social d-flex flex-row list-unstyled mb-0 mt-5"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/fvaht" target="_blank"><img src="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/fortunoff/img/facebook.svg"/></a> </li> <li class="ml-3"> <a href="https://twitter.com/fvaht/" target="_blank"> <img src="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/fortunoff/img/twitter.svg"/></a> </li> <li class="ml-3"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/thosewhowerethere/" target="_blank"> <img src="https://fortunoff.library.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/fortunoff/img/instagram.svg"/></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="copyright col-lg-8 order-lg-4 d-flex"> <!-- <div class="copyright"> --> © 2020 FVAHT • <a href="https://www.yale.edu/privacy-policy" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> <br><br><br> <!-- </div> --> </div> </div> <!-- /.row --> <span class="copyright col-lg-6 order-lg-4 d-flex"> <span style="font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif; 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