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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Вуруд</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Абзорҳои шахсӣ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Абзорҳои шахсӣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tg.wikipedia.org&uselang=tg"><span>Кумаки молӣ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3&returnto=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Мо ба шумо пешниҳод мекунем, то ҳисоб эҷод намоед ва ба система вортд шавед, ин ҳатмӣ нест"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Эҷоди ҳисоб</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Тавсия мешавад ки ба система ворид шавед, лекин маҷбурӣ нест. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Вуруд</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Саҳмгузориҳо</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Баҳси пиромуни вироишҳо аз ин нишонаи IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Баҳс</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Муҳтавоҳо" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Муҳтавоҳо</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Ибтидо</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Баъди_вафоти_Муҳаммад_(с)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Баъди_вафоти_Муҳаммад_(с)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Баъди вафоти Муҳаммад (с)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Баъди_вафоти_Муҳаммад_(с)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Мубориза_бар_зидди_Алӣ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Мубориза_бар_зидди_Алӣ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Мубориза бар зидди Алӣ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Мубориза_бар_зидди_Алӣ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Пайвандҳои_беруна" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Пайвандҳои_беруна"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Пайвандҳои беруна</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Пайвандҳои_беруна-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Муҳтавоҳо" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Хилофати Араб</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 забон</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fr%C9%99b_xilaf%C9%99ti" title="Ərəb xilafəti – озарбойҷонӣ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ərəb xilafəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="озарбойҷонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Ғәрәп хәлифәлеге – бошқирдӣ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ғәрәп хәлифәлеге" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="бошқирдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Арабскі халіфат – белорусӣ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арабскі халіфат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Арабски халифат – булғорӣ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арабски халифат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="булғорӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Caliphate" title="Arab Caliphate – Англисӣ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Arab Caliphate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Англисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araba_imperio" title="Araba imperio – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Araba imperio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Արաբական խալիֆայություն – арманӣ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արաբական խալիֆայություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Արաբական Խալիֆայութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արաբական Խալիֆայութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="არაბთა სახალიფო – гурҷӣ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არაბთა სახალიფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="гурҷӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Араб халифаты – қирғизӣ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Араб халифаты" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қирғизӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%81bu_Kalif%C4%81ts" title="Arābu Kalifāts – латишӣ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Arābu Kalifāts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латишӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_arabiske_riket" title="Det arabiske riket – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det arabiske riket" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_arabiske_rike" title="Det arabiske rike – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det arabiske rike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Арабский халифат – русӣ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арабский халифат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Arabská ríša – словакӣ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Arabská ríša" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словакӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyik_Arap_halyfaty(VI_-_XI_asyrlarda)" title="Beyik Arap halyfaty(VI - XI asyrlarda) – туркманӣ" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Beyik Arap halyfaty(VI - XI asyrlarda)" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Гарәп хәлифәлеге – тоторӣ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гарәп хәлифәлеге" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="тоторӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Арабський халіфат – украинӣ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арабський халіфат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_xalifaligi" title="Arab xalifaligi – ӯзбекӣ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arab xalifaligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ӯзбекӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯帝国 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿拉伯帝国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯帝国 – хитоӣ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿拉伯帝国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="хитоӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мединская община (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)"><span style="font-size:400%">←</span></a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Мединская община"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Black_flag.svg/30px-Black_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Black_flag.svg/45px-Black_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Black_flag.svg/60px-Black_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /></a></span><br /> <br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Византия"><span style="font-size:400%">←</span></a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Византия"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Labarum.svg/30px-Labarum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Labarum.svg/45px-Labarum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Labarum.svg/60px-Labarum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="656" /></a></span><br /> <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Государство Сасанидов (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)"><span style="font-size:400%">←</span></a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Государство Сасанидов"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Derafsh_Kaviani_flag_of_the_late_Sassanid_Empire.svg/30px-Derafsh_Kaviani_flag_of_the_late_Sassanid_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Derafsh_Kaviani_flag_of_the_late_Sassanid_Empire.svg/45px-Derafsh_Kaviani_flag_of_the_late_Sassanid_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Derafsh_Kaviani_flag_of_the_late_Sassanid_Empire.svg/60px-Derafsh_Kaviani_flag_of_the_late_Sassanid_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><br /> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:115%; border:0"><span data-wikidata-property-id="P571" class="no-wikidata">8 июли соли 632</span> — <div data-wikidata-property-id="P576" class="no-wikidata"> <p>20 феврали соли 1258<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Халифати Рошидин (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Халифати Рошидин</a> (632—661)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Халифат Умавиён (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Халифат Умавиён</a> (661—750)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Халифати Аббосиён (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Халифати Аббосиён</a> (750—945, 1194—1258)</li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td width="50px" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right; line-height:105%; font-size:30%"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#f9f9f9" align="center"> <td align="center" colspan="2"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="padding:.5em 0; background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td width="*"> </td> <td width="55%" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"><span data-wikidata-property-id="P41" class="no-wikidata"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Rashidun_Caliphate_Flag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Rashidun_Caliphate_Flag.png/130px-Rashidun_Caliphate_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Rashidun_Caliphate_Flag.png/195px-Rashidun_Caliphate_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Rashidun_Caliphate_Flag.png/260px-Rashidun_Caliphate_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></span> </td> <td width="45%" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"><span data-wikidata-property-id="P94" class="no-wikidata"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Muhammad_Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Muhammad_Seal.svg/90px-Muhammad_Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Muhammad_Seal.svg/135px-Muhammad_Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Muhammad_Seal.svg/180px-Muhammad_Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></span> </td> <td width="145"> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="145"> </td> <td width="55%" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;"><span data-wikidata-property-id="P163" class="no-wikidata">Дирафши Хилофати Араб</span> </td> <td width="45%" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;"><span data-wikidata-property-id="P237" class="no-wikidata">Муҳри Нубувват</span> </td> <td width="*"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="border: solid darkgray; border-width:1px 0" colspan="2"><span data-wikidata-property-id="P242" class="no-wikidata"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg/270px-Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg/405px-Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg/540px-Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="413" /></a></span></span><br /><small>Исторические территории исламского государства с 622 по 750 годы:<span style="margin:0px;font-size:90%; display: block;"><span style="border:none;background-color:#a1584e;color:#a1584e;">██</span> Территория, контролируемая мусульманами при жизни Мухаммеда, 622–632</span> <span style="margin:0px;font-size:90%; display: block;"><span style="border:none;background-color:#ef9070;color:#ef9070;">██</span> В период существования Праведного халифата, 632–661</span> <span style="margin:0px;font-size:90%; display: block;"><span style="border:none;background-color:#fad07d;color:#fad07d;">██</span> В период существования Омейядского халифата, 661–750</span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:.5em; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-weight:bold">Забон(ҳо) </td> <td style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa"><span data-wikidata-property-id="P37" class="no-wikidata"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D3%A3" title="Забони арабӣ">забони арабӣ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:.5em; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Дин">Дин</a> </td> <td style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Ислом">ислом</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:.5em; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-weight:bold">Шакли ҳукмронӣ </td> <td style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa"><div data-wikidata-property-id="P122" class="no-wikidata"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шура (ислам) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">выборная</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Теократия">теократия</a> (632—661)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>прим. 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Абсолютная теократическая монархия (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">абсолютная теократическая монархия</a> (661—1258)</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:.5em; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-weight:bold">Сулола </td> <td style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa">* <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Умавиён (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Умавиён</a> (661—750)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Аббосиён">Аббосиён</a> (750—945, 1194—1258)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - 632—634 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%81-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Абу Бакр ас-Сиддиқ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Абу Бакр ас-Сиддиқ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - 634—644 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Умар ибн ал-Хаттоб (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Умар ибн ал-Хаттоб</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - 644—656 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Усмон ибн Аффан (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Усмон ибн Аффан</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - 656—661 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D3%A3_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Алӣ ибн Абу Толиб (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Алӣ ибн Абу Толиб</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - 661 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BB%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҳасан ибн Алӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҳасан ибн Алӣ</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:.5em; font-weight:bold" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Халифи Умавиён (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Халифи Умавиён</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - 661—680 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%84%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Муавия ибн Абу Суфьян (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Муавия ибн Абу Суфьян</a> (<i>первый</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - 744—750 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_II_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Марван II ибн Муҳаммад (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Марван II ибн Муҳаммад</a> (<i>последний</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:.5em; font-weight:bold" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аббасиды (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Халиф Аббасидов</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - 760—754 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B0%D1%81-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Абуль-Аббас ас-Саффах (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Абуль-Аббас ас-Саффах</a> (<i>первый</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - 1242—1258 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Абдуллах аль-Мустасим Биллах (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Абдуллах аль-Мустасим</a> (<i>последний</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-weight:bold" colspan="2">Таърих </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=8_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8 июня (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">8 июня</a> <a href="/wiki/632" class="mw-redirect" title="632">632</a> {{{Сол1}}} </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">Марги паёмбар <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Муҳаммад">Муҳаммад</a> (с) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - 656—661 {{{Сол2}}} </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Первая фитна (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Первая фитна</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=26_%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="26 января (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">26 января</a> <a href="/wiki/661" class="mw-redirect" title="661">661</a> {{{Сол3}}} </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Убийство халифа Алӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Убийство халифа Алӣ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - 661 {{{Сол4}}} </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">Приход к власти династии Омейядов </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - 680—692 {{{Сол5}}} </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вторая фитна (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Вторая фитна</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - 747—750 {{{Сол6}}} </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Третья фитна (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Третья фитна</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:.5em"> - 1256—1260 {{{Сол7}}} </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ближневосточный поход монголов (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ближневосточный поход монголов</a> и разгром халифата </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; border:0"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Хилофати Ара́б</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D3%A3" title="Забони арабӣ">ар.</a> <span lang="ar" style="font-size: 110%; font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232970">.mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}@media(hover:none){.mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText:not(.rt-commentedText){border-bottom:0;cursor:auto}}</style>خلافة إسلامية</span>‎ — <i>Хилофати Исломӣ</i>‎) — давлати теократии исломие, ки дар натиҷаи истилоҳои мусулмонон дар асрҳои 7-9 ба вуҷуд омада, дар сари он халифаҳо меистод. Дар маъхазхои кадими рус он бо номхои подшохии Агария ва подшохии Исмоил низ маълум аст, ки бо хамин онро ба руйхати умумии подшохонии (империяхои) чахони, ки ба китобпарастони руси он замон маълум буд, дохил кардааст. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Баъди_вафоти_Муҳаммад_(с)"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B0.D1.8A.D0.B4.D0.B8_.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.9C.D1.83.D2.B3.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.B4_.28.D1.81.29"></span>Баъди вафоти Муҳаммад (с)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Вироиши қисмат: Баъди вафоти Муҳаммад (с)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Баъди вафоти Муҳаммад (с)"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Муҳаммад">Муҳаммад</a> (с) моҳи Рабиеъу-л- аввал. яъне дар яке аз рӯзҳои 27 май - 25 июни соли 632 вафот кардааст, лекин рӯзи аниқи он муайян нест. Хабари вафоти Муҳаммадро шунида, шахсони бонуфузи Шаҳри Мадина барои сарвари Давлати Араб шудан талош карданд. Яке аз гурӯҳҳо ҳатто иброз дошт, ки тайёр аст дар бораи садоқат ба пайғамбари Оллоҳ Муҳаммад савганд ёд кунад. Барои ҳокимият дар Мадина ду гурӯҳ рақобат мекард. Якеро "<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ансорҳо">ансорҳо</a>" ва дигареро "<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Муҳоҷирҳо">муҳоҷирҳо</a>" меномиданд. Ансорҳо даъво карданд, ки ба онҳо барои соҳиб шудан ба сарварии давлат бо қурайшиҳо ҳукуқи баробар дода шавад. Ба фикри онҳо ба Давлати Араб бояд ду нафар - як нафарӣ аз ҷониби ансорҳо ва муҳоҷирҳо роҳбарӣ кунад. Вале дере нагузашта, дар дохили ансорҳо мухолифат пайдо шуд, ки он дар мубориза барои ҳокимият мавқеи муҳоҷирҳоро пурзӯр кард.Аз ин лаҳзаи мувофиқ истифода бурда, ҳамсафони наздики Муҳаммад (с) дар Мадина ҳокимиятро ба дасти худ гирифтанд. </p><p>Ҳамин тариқ, сардори ҷамоаи Мадина, ҳамсафи наздиктарин ва со диқи Муҳаммад пайғамбар Абӯбакр эълон карда шуд. Ӯ унвони "<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Халифа">халифа</a>"- ро гирифт, ки маънояш "ворис" ё худ "ҷонишин"-и Муҳаммад (с) мебошад. </p><p>Халифа Абӯбакр Шаҳри <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Мадина">Мадина</a>-ро пойтахти Хилофат эълон кард. Маҳз бо ҳамин сабаб ин давлатро Хилофати Мадина ном мебаранд. Гарчанде ба давлати марказиятноки Араб Муҳаммад (с) асос гузошта буд, вале дар шакли хилофат он соли 632, баъди вафоти пайғамбари Аллоҳ ва дар оғози халифагии Абӯбакр номгузорӣ шудааст. Византиягиҳо пурра торумор карда шуданд. Шикастхӯрдагон 70 ҳазор қасро талаф доданд. Арабҳои Сурия дар зери роҳбарии малик Ҷабал ибни Айҳам ба тарафи арабҳо гузаштанд. Баъди ин ғалаба арабҳо Димишқро аз нав ишғол карда. Сурияи Шимолиро низ ба даст дароварданд. Императори <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Византия">Византия</a> Ираклий дар аснои тарк карданн <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сурия">Сурия</a> хитоб намуд: "Алвидоъ, Сурия! Он чӣ хел мамлакати олиҷаноб аст барои душманони мо!" </p><p>Халифа Умар баъди ҷанги дусола шаҳри <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Байтулмуқаддас">Байтулмуқаддас</a> ва баъди ҷанги ҳафтсола Қайсария, ки онро аз номи Юлий Сезар - Сезария ҳам меномиданд. ишғол кард. Муҳорибаҳои арабҳо дар Ироқ бо лашкарҳои Сосониёни Эрон ба амал омадаад. Ҳангоми ишғоли шаҳри Хира арабҳо аз лашкари <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Сосониён">Сосониён</a> якчанд маротиба шикаст хӯрда, маҷбур шуданд, ки ақибнишинӣ кунанд. Сарбозони арабро филҳои ҷангии эрониён ба даҳшат оварданд. Арабҳоро дар ин ҷо эрониҳо шикаст доданд. Вале дар охирҳои соли 635 бар Сосониён пирӯз гаштанд. Соли оянда арабҳо дар муҳорибаи Кадисия лашкари бузурги Сосониёнро торумор намуданд. Баъди ин ғалаба роҳи арабҳо ба сӯи пойтахти Сосониён - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%83%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тайсафун (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Тайсафун</a>, ки онро аз сабаби зебоияш Мадоин ном мебурданд, кушода шуд. Сокинони он дарвозаҳои шаҳрро ба рӯи арабҳо боз кардаад. Қӯшуни Сосониён ба зарбаҳои ҳалокатбори арабҳо тоб наоварда, шикаст хӯрд. Шоҳи Сосониён Яздигурди III ва аҳди дарбораш аз шаҳр фирор карданд. Арабҳо бо мушкилиҳои зиёд қаламрави бузурги давлати Сосониён, аз он ҷумла Тахти Ҷамшедро ба даст дароварданд. Соли 651 Яздигурди III дар задухӯрди наздикии шаҳри Марв кушта шуд. Баъди ишғоли Сурия дар тӯли 14 сол лашкари арабҳо барои ишғоли Қафқоз ҷанг карда, оқибат <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Арманистон">Арманистон</a> ва як қисми <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D2%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гурҷистон">Гурҷистонро</a> то шаҳри Тифлис ба даст дароварданд. Халифаҳои Мадина барои ишғоли Миср ҳанӯз ҳангоми ҷангҳои худ дар Сурия оғоз карда буданд. Ҳамлаи нахустин ба Миср бо сардории Амир ибни ал-Аса соли 639 сурат гирифтааст. Баъди муттаҳид шудани тамоми нимҷазираи Арабистон талаботи Хилофати Мадина ба маҳсулоти ғаллагӣ чандин маротиба афзуд. Амр ибни ал-Аса маҳз барои ҳамин ба Миср лашкар кашидааст. Соли 640 Амр шаҳри Полусийро ишғол карда, аз дарёи Нил гузашт. Баъди ба арабҳо аз Мадина расидани ёрӣ лашкари Амр ибни ал- Аса дар наздикии Шаҳри машҳури Гелиопол византиягиҳоро шикаст дод. Усқуфи маҳаллӣ Муқавкис бо Амр дар бораи таслими қалъаи Бобул қарордод имзо кард. Лашкари арабҳо истилои худро дар Африқо давом дода, шаҳри Искандарияро, ки дар соҳили ҷанубии баҳри Миёназамин воқеъ аст, ишғол кард ва ба Мисри Шимолӣ ва Либиё зада даромад. Фармондеҳи Лашкари арабҳо Абдуллоҳ ибни Саид, ки ҳокими Миср буд, ба қаламрави Тунис ҳамла оварда, византиягиҳоро дар наздикии қалъаи Субайтла торумор кард. Ҳамин тавр, арабҳо мулкҳои Византия ва Сосониёнро паси ҳам ишғол намуда, дар Осиё ва Африқо ҳудудҳои Хилофаги Мадинаро васеъ мекарданд. Соли 644, баъди аз дасти ғуломи эронӣ кушта шудани Умар, ба тахти Хилофати Мадина Усмон ибни ал-Аффон менишинад. Ӯ ба яке аз духтарони Муҳаммад (с) хонадор шуда буд. Баъди вафоти Муҳаммад (с) пайғамбар Усмон духтари дигари ӯро низ ба занӣ гирифт. Барои ҳамин ҳам Усмонро шӯхиомез "ду карат домоди пайғамбари Аллоҳ" ё ки "соҳиби ду нур" меномиданд. Соли 656 дар Мадина мусулмонҳои аз Қуфа. Басра ва Миср гӯё барои хаҷ омада, бо дастгирии аҳолии маҳаллӣ ба муқобили Усмон шӯриш бардоштанд. Исёнгарон хонаи халифа Усмонро муҳосира карда, ӯро дастгир ва қатл намуданд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Мубориза_бар_зидди_Алӣ"><span id=".D0.9C.D1.83.D0.B1.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B0_.D0.B1.D0.B0.D1.80_.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.B4.D0.B8_.D0.90.D0.BB.D3.A3"></span>Мубориза бар зидди Алӣ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Вироиши қисмат: Мубориза бар зидди Алӣ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Мубориза бар зидди Алӣ"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Баъди қатли Усмон ба тахти Хилофати Мадина писарамаки Муҳаммад (с) ва домоди ӯ, яъне шавҳари <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фотима">Фотима</a> - <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D3%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Алӣ">Алӣ</a> нишаст. Бар зидди Алӣ ду гурӯҳи душманонаш мубориза оғоз намуданд. Ба гурӯҳи якум хешовандони халифаи қатлкардашуда бо сардорни Талҳа ва Аззубайр дохил буданд, ки ба онҳо ҳамсари Муҳаммад - Ойиша низ ҳамроҳ буд. Вале соли 656 Алӣ Талҳа Аззубайрро дар наздикии Шаҳри Басра торумор кард. Роҳбарони асосии ин гурӯҳ кушта шуда, Ойиша асир афтод. Ин ҷанг "муҳорибаи уштур" ном мегирад. чунки Ойиша уштурсавор дар он ҳузур доштааст. Ҳамин тариқ, гурӯҳи якуми душманони Алӣ мағлуб шуданд. </p><p>Ба гурӯҳи дуюми муқобилони Алӣ хокими Сурия <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Муовия">Муовия</a> роҳбарӣ мекард. Ӯ нерӯи ҳарбӣ ва сарвати бузург дошт. Як қисми Қабилаҳои араби Ироқ Муовияро дастгирӣ мекарданд. Ба тахти хилофат нишаста, Алӣ ваъда дод, ки Арабистонро мисли Умар ҳукмронӣ хоҳад кард. Барои ҳамин ӯ мансабдоронеро, ки Усмон таъйин карда буд, аз вазифа сабукдӯш карда, заминҳояшонро кашида гирифт. Ин иқдом душманони Алиро дар шаҳри Мадина ва тамоми Арабистон боз ҳам зиёдтар кард. Алӣ дид, ки дар ин ҷойҳо дигар такягоҳи он қадар боэътимод надорад, қароргоҳихудро аз Шаҳри Мадина ба Шаҳри Куфа кӯчонд. </p><p>Соли 657 дар Алҷазираи наздикии Сиффини воқеъ дар соҳили рости дарёи Фурот дар байни нерӯҳои Муовия ва Алӣ задухӯрди калон ба амал омад. Дар ин муҳориба ягон тараф дастболо нашуд. Шахсони бонуфузи соҳибақл ба Алӣ пешниҳод намуданд, ки ӯ бояд мухолифати худро бо Муовия ба таври осоишта ҳаллу фасл намояд. Алӣ мувофиқи пешниҳод амал карда, бо Муовия сулҳ баст. Аз ин кори Алӣ як қисми лашкар ранҷида, ӯро тарк карда, аввал ба Бағдод ва баъд аз он ҷо ба тарафи чапи дарёи Даҷла равон шуданд. Шумораи Онҳо 12 ҳазор нафар буд. Тарккардагони Лашкари Алиро "хориҷшудагон", яъне рафтагон номиданд. "Хориҷшудагон" Алӣ, Муовия ва Амрро кофир ҳукм карда, бар зидди Онҳо ҷиҳод эълон намуданд. Сарфи назар аз қарори "хориҷшудагон" Алӣ бар зидди Муовия аз нав ҷанг оғоз накарда, бар зидди "хориҷшудагон" лашкар кашид. Дар сафҳои "хориҷшудагон" калавиш ба амал омад. Як қисми онҳо ба Алӣ пайвастанд. Қисме аз "хориҷшудагон" ба Куфа баргаштанд. Ҳамагӣ 2800 нафар "хориҷшудагон"-и густоху оштинопазир таҳти роҳбарии Ибни Ваҳҳоб дар муқобили Алӣ, Муовия ва Амр истоданд. Нерӯҳои Алӣ ва "хориҷшудагон" соли 658 дар Наҳравон дар муҳорибаи бузург бо ҳам вохӯрданд, ки дар он Алӣ ғалаба кард. Вале баъди ин ҳам "хориҷшудагон" муборизаро бар зидди Алӣ бас накарданд. Соли 661 яке аз онҳо хангоми даромадан ба масҷиди Куфа бо ханҷари заҳролуд Алиро зада кушт. </p><p>Бо ҳамин марҳалаи ҳукмронии халифаҳои ба <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Муҳаммад">Муҳаммад</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пайғамбар">пайғамбар</a> наздиктарин анҷом ёфт. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Пайвандҳои_беруна"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.B0.D0.B9.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D2.B3.D0.BE.D0.B8_.D0.B1.D0.B5.D1.80.D1.83.D0.BD.D0.B0"></span>Пайвандҳои беруна</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Вироиши қисмат: Пайвандҳои беруна" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Пайвандҳои беруна"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Петрушевский, Илья Павлович (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Петрушевский И. П.</a></i> Иран и Азербайджан под властью Хулагуидов (1256—1353 гг.) // Татаро-монголы в Азии и Европе : Сборник статей. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Наука, 1977. — <span class="nowrap">С. 232</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFКрымский_А._Е.1890—1907"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%95%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Крымский, Агафангел Ефимович (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Крымский А. Е.</a></i> <a href="https://tg.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="s:ЭСБЕ/Омейяды">Омейяды</a> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона">Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона</a> : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — <abbr title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</abbr>, 1890—1907.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFФильштинский2005"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%98._%D0%9C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фильштинский И. М. (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Фильштинский И. М.</a></i> Халифат под властью династии Омейядов (661—750). — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Северо-принт, 2005. — 232 с. — <span class="nowrap">1 000 экз.</span> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D2%B3%D0%BE/5900939332" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-900939-33-2</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%92%D0%A2-%D0%9C%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шаблон:ВТ-МЭСБЕ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Шаблон:ВТ-МЭСБЕ</a></span> </li> </ol> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tarikh.narod.ru/index_12.htm">Таъсисёбии Хилофати Араб</a> <br /><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="tg" dir="ltr">Хатои ёдкард: <code><ref></code> tags exist for a group named "прим.", but no corresponding <code><references group="прим."/></code> tag was found</span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Баргирифта аз "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Хилофати_Араб&oldid=1344461">https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Хилофати_Араб&oldid=1344461</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Вижа:Гурӯҳҳо">Гурӯҳҳо</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Википедия:Статьи с вики-разметкой в изображении карточки (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Википедия:Статьи с вики-разметкой в изображении карточки</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_632&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Пайдошуда дар соли 632 (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Пайдошуда дар соли 632</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1258&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Азбайнрафта дар соли 1258 (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Азбайнрафта дар соли 1258</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гурӯҳ:Таърихи Тоҷикистон">Таърихи Тоҷикистон</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Гурӯҳ:Хилофати Араб">Хилофати Араб</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:Pages_with_reference_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Pages with reference errors (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Pages with reference errors</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Гурӯҳи пинҳон: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B5%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8_ISBN" title="Гурӯҳ:Саҳифаҳои дорои пайванди сеҳрноки ISBN">Саҳифаҳои дорои пайванди сеҳрноки ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ин саҳифаро бори охир дар 5 апрели 2023, 14:39 вироиш карда буданд.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Матн зери иҷозатномаи <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> дастрас мебошад, дигар иҷозатномаҳои иловагӣ низ ба кор бурда мешаванд. 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