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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminal_offences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Criminal offences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criminal_offences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_procedures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_procedures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Judicial procedures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_procedures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extraterritoriality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extraterritoriality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Extraterritoriality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extraterritoriality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debate" class="vector-toc-list-item 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<span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2024 Hong Kong law</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 2024 Hong Kong local law. For the 2020 national law of China, see <a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">2020 Hong Kong national security law</a>. For the 2003 withdrawn bill, see <a href="/wiki/National_Security_(Legislative_Provisions)_Bill_2003" title="National Security (Legislative Provisions) Bill 2003">National Security (Legislative Provisions) Bill 2003</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ededed">Safeguarding National Security Ordinance</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg/170px-Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg/255px-Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg/340px-Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council of Hong Kong</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:center;"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><b><a href="/wiki/Long_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Long title">Long title</a></b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">An Ordinance to improve the law for safeguarding national security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China; and to provide for related matters. </div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/A305">Ordinance No. 6 of 2024 (Instrument A305)</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Territorial extent</th><td class="infobox-data">Hong Kong<br />Worldwide <small>(<a href="#Extraterritoriality">extra-territorial for some offences</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Passed</th><td class="infobox-data">19 March 2024</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Ka-chiu" title="John Lee Ka-chiu">John Lee Ka-chiu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">22 March 2024</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Effective_date" class="mw-redirect" title="Effective date">Effective</a></th><td class="infobox-data">23 March 2024</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/White_paper#Government_white_papers" title="White paper">White paper</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr2024/english/panels/se/papers/seajls20240130cb2-102-1-e.pdf">Public Consultation on Basic Law Article 23 Legislation</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Legislative history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_for_Security" title="Secretary for Security">Secretary for Security</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chris_Tang" title="Chris Tang">Chris Tang</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data">8 March 2024<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2024-03-08</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Reading_(legislature)#First_reading" title="Reading (legislature)">First reading</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8 March 2024<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2024-03-08</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Reading_(legislature)#Second_reading" title="Reading (legislature)">Second reading</a></th><td class="infobox-data">19 March 2024<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2024-03-19</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Reading_(legislature)#Third_reading" title="Reading (legislature)">Third reading</a></th><td class="infobox-data">19 March 2024<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2024-03-19</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Voting summary</th><td class="infobox-data nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#090">89 voted for</span></b></li><li><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#900">None voted against</span></b></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Committee report</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr2024/english/hc/papers/hc20240316cb2-334-e.pdf">Report of the Bills Committee on Safeguarding National Security Bill</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Summary</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">To comprehensively address the national security risks at present and those that may emerge in the future in Hong Kong and to fully implement the constitutional duties and obligations as stipulated under <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Article 23 of the Basic Law</a>, the <a href="/wiki/5.28_Decision" class="mw-redirect" title="5.28 Decision">5.28 Decision</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_National_Security_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Hong Kong National Security Law">2020 Hong Kong National Security Law</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color:#AAF0D1;"><b>Status:</b> In force</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Safeguarding National Security Ordinance</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">維護國家安全條例</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">维护国家安全条例</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Wéihù Guójiā Ānquán Tiáolì</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">wai4 wu6 gwok3 gaa1 on1 cyun4 tiu4 lai6</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Safeguarding National Security Ordinance</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">維護國家安全條例</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a local law of Hong Kong. It was introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Government of Hong Kong</a> on 8 March 2024, passed by the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a> on 19 March 2024, and took effect on 23 March 2024. The ordinance is enacted to implement <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Article 23</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Hong Kong Basic Law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On national security grounds, the ordinance gives new powers to the government to investigate external interference, theft of state secrets, insurrection, and treason, with penalties up to life imprisonment for those found guilty of certain crimes specified by the law.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the second national security legislation implemented in the city. Foreign media and government expressed concern of the "sweeping" and "tough" clauses, which some considered to be more far-reaching than and go beyond the central government's one, that could further reduce the space for dissident views and erode autonomy of Hong Kong. </p><p>Instead of the usual six-month period, the authorities took 50 days from the launch of a public consultation to writing it into law, due to a sense of urgency underscored by Hong Kong and Beijing authorities. Critics said the bill was rushed through in a fast-track process without meaningful discussions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Article_23">Article 23</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Article 23"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Article 23</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Hong Kong Basic Law</a> (BL 23) states: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the PRC government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organisations or bodies from conducting political activities in the Region, and to prohibit political organisations or bodies of the Region from establishing ties with foreign political organisations or bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>An attempt at enacting legislation to satisfy the requirements in Article 23 was made <a href="/wiki/National_Security_(Legislative_Provisions)_Bill_2003" title="National Security (Legislative Provisions) Bill 2003">in 2003</a> but was shelved indefinitely after hundreds of thousands of protestors demonstrated against it, resulting in the pro-Beijing <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberal Party (Hong Kong)">Liberal Party</a> opposing the bill and the subsequent lacking of a majority to pass. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>'s accession to <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">top position</a> in November 2012, marked a more hard-line authoritarian approach, most notably with the construction of <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps">Xinjiang internment camps</a>. The anxiety of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kongers" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kongers">Hong Kongers</a> may similarly be brought to heel became an important element in the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">democratic protests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-caught_fire_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caught_fire-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, Xi introduced <a href="/wiki/Holistic_security_concept" class="mw-redirect" title="Holistic security concept">holistic security concept</a> that placed emphasis on the Chinese national security.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Beijing imposed a <a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">national security law</a> on Hong Kong in 2020 in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">massive protests</a>, it does not cover all BL 23 offenses, and Article 7 of that law requires Hong Kong to "complete, as early as possible, legislation for safeguarding national security as stipulated in the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carrie_Lam_administration">Carrie Lam administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Carrie Lam administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the national security law was imposed, Chief Executive <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Lam" title="Carrie Lam">Carrie Lam</a> pledged to conduct as much preparatory work as possible but noted that the <a href="/wiki/Lam_government" title="Lam government">administration</a> might not be able to complete the legislation by the end of its current term. In March 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> initiated <a href="/wiki/2021_Hong_Kong_electoral_changes" title="2021 Hong Kong electoral changes">electoral overhaul</a> that plans to ensure only "patriots" may run for office and exclude political opposition. Six months later, Security Secretary <a href="/wiki/Chris_Tang" title="Chris Tang">Chris Tang</a> said the time had never been so "ripe" to relaunch the bill as the public had witnessed "lawlessness" and acts "endangering national security" in the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019 protest</a>. Tang also said the bill would focus on countering state-level spying activities, and expressed his confidence that the Article 23 bill will not meet as much resistance as in 2003. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2021_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2021 Hong Kong legislative election">election</a> that saw pro-government members capturing nearly all seats, the new legislature convened the first session in January 2022, during which Carrie Lam confirmed "local legislation" will be drafted that meets Article 23 to outlaw new national security crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tang revealed that the government aims to launch a public consultation by the end of the term of the current administration in late June, and table the draft to the parliament in the second half of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, no significant progress was made, and Carrie Lam announced her intention to stand down without seeking re-election three months later. John Lee, the Chief Secretary, was subsequently endorsed by <a href="/wiki/China_under_Xi_Jinping" title="China under Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping's administration</a> to be her successor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="John_Lee_administration">John Lee administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: John Lee administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unveiling his manifesto in April 2022, John Lee pledged to enact the Article 23 bill to fulfill the constitutional responsibility of legislation as part of improving governance.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being <a href="/wiki/2022_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2022 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">elected</a> as the Chief Executive by the <a href="/wiki/Election_Committee_(Hong_Kong)" title="Election Committee (Hong Kong)">1,461-member committee</a>, he said the legislative agenda would be pushed forward "at the right time" and rejected prioritizing political reform.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first <a href="/wiki/Policy_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Policy address">Policy Address</a> in October did not mention a timeframe for the Article 23 bill.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2023, six months after the post-pandemic reopening of Hong Kong, Lee confirmed the schedule had been formulated and Article 23 bill would be enacted no later than 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government submitted the annual legislative programme to the Legislative Council on 12 January 2024, showing that the "Safeguarding National Security Bill" was slated to be introduced within the 2024 legislative session.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Media sources claimed the government's target was to finish all legislative work before the summer recess of the parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consultation">Consultation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Consultation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HKSAR_Article_23_John_Lee_Meet_Press.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/HKSAR_Article_23_John_Lee_Meet_Press.jpg/300px-HKSAR_Article_23_John_Lee_Meet_Press.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/HKSAR_Article_23_John_Lee_Meet_Press.jpg/450px-HKSAR_Article_23_John_Lee_Meet_Press.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/HKSAR_Article_23_John_Lee_Meet_Press.jpg/600px-HKSAR_Article_23_John_Lee_Meet_Press.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1597" data-file-height="898" /></a><figcaption>Consultation announced in a press conference attended by John Lee (c), Paul Lam (l), Chris Tang (r)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Government commenced the public consultation for the proposed legislation on 30 January 2024, lasting for four weeks until 28 February. During the last attempt in 2003, the consultation period was three months. John Lee defended the time period as appropriate and stated that the community has reached a consensus on the legislation of Article 23 which should be enacted as soon as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Regina_Ip" title="Regina Ip">Regina Ip</a>, who failed to push for the 2003 bill as Security Secretary, said the long consultation had provoked many negative reports.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BBC reported that much of the public was muted on the legislation, with some dedicated the situation to the <a href="/wiki/Chilling_effect" title="Chilling effect">chilling effect</a> after the 2020 national security law. Ip, now the convenor of the Executive Council, said other issues such as solid waste charging gathered more public attention.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Describing that the legislative agenda received majority support from the public, the authorities received 13,147 submissions with 98.64% support. Amongst the 0.71% that objected, over 10 were from overseas anti-China organisations or absconders as the authorities claimed.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 March the Legislative Council announced a joint meeting of the Article 23 subcommittee and two panels would be held tomorrow, prompting MPs who were attending the annual <a href="/wiki/Two_Sessions" title="Two Sessions">Two Sessions</a> congress meeting in Beijing to rush back to Hong Kong, while John Lee also ended his Beijing trip a day earlier than expected. Sources quoted by the media said the "unusual" arrangement was made as the government intended to enact the legislation by National Security Education Day on 15 April.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provisions">Provisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Provisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criminal_offences">Criminal offences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Criminal offences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GNR_Infographics_Hong_Kong_national_security_offences.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/GNR_Infographics_Hong_Kong_national_security_offences.png/300px-GNR_Infographics_Hong_Kong_national_security_offences.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/GNR_Infographics_Hong_Kong_national_security_offences.png/450px-GNR_Infographics_Hong_Kong_national_security_offences.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/GNR_Infographics_Hong_Kong_national_security_offences.png/600px-GNR_Infographics_Hong_Kong_national_security_offences.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>National security offences under two security laws</figcaption></figure> <p>The bill includes five areas of national security crimes: treason, insurrection and incitement to mutiny, theft of state secrets and espionage, sabotage, and external interference.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Treason, insurrection and sabotage, targeting acts that endanger the sovereignty of China and collusion with foreign forces in damaging public infrastructure may face up to life imprisonment. Some offences carry higher penalties if defendants colluded with an external force, such as providing unlawful drilling.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Penalty for sedition, the colonial-era offence criticised as a catch-all offence, is proposed to increase to a maximum 10-year imprisonment, up from the current 2-year. It also includes the new intention to cause hatred amongst different classes of residents of Hong Kong and China.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill also specifies that public disorder or violence is not the threshold for conviction, a day after the Court of Appeal delivered a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hong_Kong_national_security_cases#Tam_Tak-chi_(6_September_2020)" title="List of Hong Kong national security cases">similar judgement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Officials also explained the public will need a "reasonable defence" to keep <a href="/wiki/Apple_Daily" title="Apple Daily">Apple Daily</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Apple_Daily_raids_and_arrests" title="Apple Daily raids and arrests">seditious publications</a> at home, which carries a maximum penalty of three years.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In accordance with Article 23, foreign political bodies are covered in the bill as well. Security Secretary is empowered to prohibit operations of an organisation accused of external interference with bodies including foreign governments and political parties, as well as international organisations, on the basis of national security, if such organisations communicated with external force intended to cause interference. The bill also proposes criminalising making false statements implied to obscure an intent to cause interference with an external force, or to cause "mental pressure". Interfering with government, court, legislative, or electoral affairs by "improper means" through collaboration with external forces comes with a maximum sentence of 14 years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concerns arose before consultation whether international advocacy groups such as <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> could be banned in Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A person charged under three types of state secrets offences, i.e., unlawful acquisition, unlawful possession and unlawful disclosure, may invoke the defence that they had made "a specified disclosure", where the purpose of the disclosure is to reveal a threat to public order, safety, or health; that the government is not functioning lawfully; and where the "public interest served by making the disclosure manifestly outweighs the public interest served by not making the disclosure". Such provisions were not mentioned in the original legislative agenda,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were introduced after the authorities accepted suggestions from the pro-Beijing members.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_procedures">Judicial procedures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Judicial procedures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the current rules, anyone arrested cannot be held for longer than 48 hours, after which the person must be released or charged. Authorities sought to extend the period a suspect can be held without charge to 14 days,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> if such application is made within the initial 48-hour detention period and the magistrate is satisfied that the investigation cannot reasonably be completed.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police may apply for a court warrant to stop a suspect from consulting a lawyer if it is believed that their doing so will endanger national security, and defendants can be restricted from meeting specific lawyers as well.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For jailed national security offenders, unless the prison service was satisfied that their parole would not "be contrary to the interest of national security", existing early release schemes may not apply to the offenders. Under the Release under Supervision Scheme and the Pre-release Employment Scheme, an inmate who is jailed for more than three years can apply for early release after serving at least half or 20 months of their sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The restriction will apply to the current offenders, including Tong Ying-kit, the first jailed national security prisoner. Even after serving the jail terms, the national security prisoners would be barred to run in elections for life.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Targeting the exiled activists, the bill proposed enabling the authorities to impose a series of restrictions on the wanted individual, such as annulling their Hong Kong passport, prohibiting anyone from providing them with funds, suspending their professional qualifications, and removing their directorship of a company.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extraterritoriality">Extraterritoriality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Extraterritoriality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similar to the 2020 national security law, some offences are to be applicable worldwide with extraterritoriality, even committed outside Hong Kong. Anyone, regardless of nationality, could be charged for: Sabotage; Endangering national security in relation to computers or electronic systems; Unlawful disclosure of state secrets or apparent confidential information.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>s.38,46,49,55</sup> </p><p>Hong Kong residents, regardless of nationality, or organisations formed or registered or has business in Hong Kong could be charged for: Sedition; Espionage; Unlawful acquisition or possession of state secrets; Possession of inciting documents with intent to commit offence; Assisting members of Chinese armed force to abandon duties; Inciting disaffection of public officers, or personnel of Chinese offices in Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>s.27,38</sup> </p><p>Hong Kong resident who are Chinese citizens, Hong Kong permanent residents, or organisations formed or registered or has business in Hong Kong could be charged for: Treason; Unlawful drilling; Insurrection; Inciting mutiny; External interference; Participating in or supporting or accepting advantages offered by external intelligence organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>s.14,16,55</sup> </p><p>The US raised concerns that the law can be applied extraterritorially to "intimidate" and restrict the free speech of US residents, while undermine China's international commitments and the One Country, Two Systems framework.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hong Kong government said it "strongly disapproved" the concerns, and the "proportionate" extraterritorial effect was fully in line with international common practice, or else it would amount to condoning activities threatening national security.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Debate">Debate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_reading">First reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: First reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the government insisted on a speedy and fast-track debate, the Executive Council convened a special meeting on 7 March for consideration of the Safeguarding National Security Bill. Immediately after the urge from John Lee, President of the Legislative Council Andrew Leung also decided to convene an off-schedule special meeting on the next day solely for the bill, soon after it was expected to be revealed to the public. A senior legislator said it is uncommon for a bill to be gazetted and first read on the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leung said passing the bill is a historical mission.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bill_Committee">Bill Committee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bill Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the bill was read the first time in the morning on 8 March, it was then sent to the bill committee in the afternoon for consideration. The committee discussed the new legislation in more than 40 hours of meetings spanning seven days, including rare weekend sessions.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As pro-Beijing members described the bill as too lenient, the government presented amendments to the bill on the seventh day of deliberation, effectively making the bill tougher than its original draft.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They include scrapping a six-month wait until authorities can designate a wanted individual as an absconder, which allows authorities to levy sanctions any time after an arrest warrant is issued. Provisions that empower the Chief Executive to consult the Executive Council and make subsidiary legislation for "safeguarding national security" were added as well to "deal with unforeseen circumstances", with the maximum penalty set at 7-year imprisonment. A new clause was added specifying that the legislation also applies to "shadow organisations” that may consist of members of the organisation prohibited for endangering national security. The court may also grant anonymity orders to anyone linked to national security cases.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Just 15 hours after presenting the amendments, 15 members of the bill committee unanimously approved moving the bill to the next stage.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_reading">Second reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Second reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A day after the bill committee finished the work, the authorities requested the support from the House Committee to waive rules of a ten-day notice from officials before the second reading can resume.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leung later authorized the waiver in order to complete the legislation under "the sooner, the better" principle to plug the national security loophole. He also said there had been sufficient public discussion on the legislation, and denied there was a "deadline" to pass.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 March, the Legislative Council announced it has agreed to "set aside all other matters" and convened a full meeting at 9 a.m. on the next day, a day earlier than the usual session held on every Wednesday. The media had expected the parliament to unanimously approve the bill during the special session.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>All 88 lawmakers, except the President, spoke and expressed support in a highly enthusiastic mood during the second reading of the bill, with one, <a href="/wiki/Lam_So-wai" class="mw-redirect" title="Lam So-wai">Lam So-wai</a> from <a href="/wiki/Professional_Power" title="Professional Power">Professional Power</a>, even claiming to endorse the legislation wholeheartedly "even at the cost of having her body smashed into pieces".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the legislators only address the chamber for around 5 minutes, half of the maximum 10 minutes, after they were reportedly reminded against lengthy speeches.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many recalled the failed attempt in 2003 and the subsequent turmoil, such as the 2014 <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_Movement" title="Umbrella Movement">Umbrella Movement</a>, 2016 <a href="/wiki/2016_Mong_Kok_civil_unrest" title="2016 Mong Kok civil unrest">Mong Kok unrest</a>, and 2019 <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">anti-extradition protests</a>, and the necessity to grow a new security law to defend the security and oblige the constitutional requirements. Seven members made their support in English as a measure to combat international criticisms, while some China-born legislators spoke in Mandarin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At around a quarter past four, the chamber cleared the second reading after no members voted against. <a href="/wiki/So_Cheung-wing" title="So Cheung-wing">So Cheung-wing</a> did not raise his hand after apparently falling asleep, while Ma Fung-kwok was also suspected so.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The committee of the whole council then proceeded to discuss and scrutinise the details of the bill and the 91 amendments proposed by the government. All provisions and amendments were unanimously support soon after half past six.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_reading_and_vote">Third reading and vote</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Third reading and vote"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Lee,_Andrew_Leung_and_the_Legislative_Council_members_at_the_Legislative_Council_Complex(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/John_Lee%2C_Andrew_Leung_and_the_Legislative_Council_members_at_the_Legislative_Council_Complex%282%29.jpg/250px-John_Lee%2C_Andrew_Leung_and_the_Legislative_Council_members_at_the_Legislative_Council_Complex%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/John_Lee%2C_Andrew_Leung_and_the_Legislative_Council_members_at_the_Legislative_Council_Complex%282%29.jpg/375px-John_Lee%2C_Andrew_Leung_and_the_Legislative_Council_members_at_the_Legislative_Council_Complex%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/John_Lee%2C_Andrew_Leung_and_the_Legislative_Council_members_at_the_Legislative_Council_Complex%282%29.jpg/500px-John_Lee%2C_Andrew_Leung_and_the_Legislative_Council_members_at_the_Legislative_Council_Complex%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>John Lee, Andrew Leung and the Legislative Council members took a group photo after the bill passed.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the third reading debate, each party or alliance in the legislature fielded a representative to speak in support of the legislation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At 6.54 p.m., after ten hours of debate, the 89-member Legislative Council (<a href="/wiki/Stephen_Wong_(politician)" title="Stephen Wong (politician)">one</a> left vacant) voted on the third and final reading of the bill. All 89 voted for the bill, including President who historically broke the convention and cast his ballot to mark the occasion. Leung said the bill matters the Chinese national security and, with all colleagues expressing support, he is honoured to take part in the "historic mission" and support as well.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><br /> </p><p> In a rare occasion, John Lee entered the chamber to deliver a speech soon after the legislation was enacted.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>Today marks a historic moment for Hong Kong. It is a historic moment that Hong Kong has been waiting for 26 years, 8 months and 19 days … It is a proud moment for all of Hong Kong in collectively making glorious history.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Lee added the new law was defensive in nature and would protect the city with a "stronger door and effective lock" against "invaders". The authorities took only 50 days from the launch of a public consultation to writing it into law, including a fast-track 12-day debate in the legislative council. Lee in response said speed was of the essence, because national security threats could catch Hong Kong off guard, and different countries also speedily pass laws to deal with respective security risks.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This bill came into force on 23 March 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaction">Reaction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Reaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For arrests made under this law, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hong_Kong_national_security_cases" title="List of Hong Kong national security cases">List of Hong Kong national security cases</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic">Domestic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Domestic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hong_Kong_security_law_LSD_protest_20240227_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Hong_Kong_security_law_LSD_protest_20240227_04.jpg/250px-Hong_Kong_security_law_LSD_protest_20240227_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Hong_Kong_security_law_LSD_protest_20240227_04.jpg/375px-Hong_Kong_security_law_LSD_protest_20240227_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Hong_Kong_security_law_LSD_protest_20240227_04.jpg/500px-Hong_Kong_security_law_LSD_protest_20240227_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1597" data-file-height="898" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/League_of_Social_Democrats" title="League of Social Democrats">League of Social Democrats</a> protested outside the government headquarters, chanting slogans of "people above the nation, human rights above the regime", "no national security without democracy and human rights".</figcaption></figure> <p>Pro-democracy camp, following crushes by the security law four years earlier, voiced limited opinion on the legislation as the consultation was largely dominated by the Pro-Beijing voices.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the consultation period, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)">Democratic Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/League_of_Social_Democrats" title="League of Social Democrats">League of Social Democrats</a> (LSD), two of the few remaining active pro-democracy parties, raised their concerns in the submissions. Democratic Party argued the wording of the bill was overly vague and the low threshold to incriminate others, which could create more "chilling effect" and harming the international reputation of Hong Kong. LSD urged to remove the provisions related to <a href="/wiki/Misprision_of_treason" title="Misprision of treason">misprision of treason</a> as it could rage <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>-like division in the society or even within families, and "treason" might become "<a href="/wiki/Thoughtcrime" title="Thoughtcrime">thoughtcrime</a>" due to subjective wording. Both parties proposed that requirement to convict sedition and external interference shall be tightened, while LSD went further and demanded to repeal them.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the penultimate day of the consultation period, LSD held a rare three-men demonstration, with chairwoman Chan Po-ying and two vice-chairmen Yu Wai-pan and Chow Ka-fat,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> outside the government complex under the watch of a dozen police officers who also stopped and searched them. They chanted slogans including "people above the nation, human rights above the regime" and "no national security without democracy and human rights". The group, who continued to demand universal suffrage, said following the 2020 security law, human rights and freedom suffered setback while civil society was dealt a severe blow.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, the Democratic Party chairman Lo Kin-hei praised the LSD's protest as "courageous" but advised them to be careful when expressing themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the whole pro-Beijing camp in uncompromising support of the bill, Martin Liao, who chaired the bills committee, stressed the passing of the legislation is "the right thing to do". He took a defiant tone on the potential sanctions or punitive measures, believing "whatever will come will come". Regina Ip also dismissed the threat of Western sanctions or downgrades against Hong Kong, saying "they will regret it, and we are not daunted by these threats."<sup id="cite_ref-:4_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese_government">Chinese government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Chinese government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office">Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office</a> of the Chinese Government said the passage of the law "once again proved that the wheel of history is rolling forward, the righteous cause is undefeatable, and no reactionary force can stop the 'one country, two systems' from advancing". It also emphasised that the law would not affect Hong Kong's normal business activities and international exchanges. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Liaison_Office" title="Hong Kong Liaison Office">Hong Kong Liaison Office</a> added that Hong Kong can now "move forward without worries or burden, and focus on developing the economy and improving people’s livelihoods". The <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Affairs_Commission" title="Legislative Affairs Commission">Legislative Affairs Commission</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> also hailed the passage of the law.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_governments">Foreign governments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Foreign governments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canada and European Union reportedly issued <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9marche" title="Démarche">démarche</a>, the first since <a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_extradition_bill" title="2019 Hong Kong extradition bill">2019 extradition bill</a> during public consultation period. European Union said it expressed "grave concerns over the proposed bill which would further erode Hong Kong's autonomy". Brussels added "the vague definition of state secrets and extraterritoriality, and the consequential offence of external interference could impact EU's office, consulates, nationals and organisations". Canada cited "inaccurate comparisons" made in the consultation document between proposed bill and Canadian security law, and urged Hong Kong authorities to "protect freedom and rights in accordance with Basic Law and international treaties, while to establish independent mechanism to ensure transparency, proportionality, and accountability of the bill".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, following a bilateral summit in Adelaide on Friday, decried the law as part of a "systemic erosion" of autonomy, liberty and rights in Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon the bill was passed into law, various foreign governments responded over the fast-track deliberation and the vaguely and poorly-defined terminology.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Turk said it is "alarming" that the legislation was rushed through in spite of serious concerns raised about the incompatibility with international human rights law that could criminalize basic freedoms including freedom of expression and assembly. Turk described the lack of meaningful consultation as "a regressive step for the protection of human rights".<sup id="cite_ref-:5_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>European Union said it was concerned about the "potential impact on the rights and freedoms" and the bill had the potential to "significantly" affect the work of the EU's office as well as organisations and companies in Hong Kong, and raised questions about Hong Kong's long-term attractiveness as an international business hub.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US said the new law could potentially "accelerate the closing of Hong Kong’s once open society", and it was analyzing what the potential risk could be to US citizens and other American interests. British Foreign Secretary <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> said the new law undermined the <a href="/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-British Joint Declaration">1984 Joint Declaration</a>, and would have far-reaching implications for Hong Kong's rule of law, rights and freedoms, and impact Hong Kong's reputation as an international city.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>China defended the law and denounced countries that "smear" legislation, stressing the firm determination to oppose external interference in Hong Kong affairs. The Chinese Embassy demanded Britain stop making "groundless accusations".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The New York Times wrote the law "could have a chilling effect on a wide range of people, including entrepreneurs, civil servants, lawyers, diplomats, journalists and academics, raising questions about Hong Kong’s status as an international city".<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As foreign media outlets expressed concern over the law's impact on Hong Kong's freedom, rights, and autonomy, the Hong Kong government defended the law and denounced some of the reports made. Early in January, the government announced establishing "response and refute team", led by Chris Tang, to rebut criticism from "hostile forces". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bloomberg">Bloomberg</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bloomberg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Safeguarding_National_Security_Bill_public_consultation_document.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Safeguarding_National_Security_Bill_public_consultation_document.png/220px-Safeguarding_National_Security_Bill_public_consultation_document.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Safeguarding_National_Security_Bill_public_consultation_document.png/330px-Safeguarding_National_Security_Bill_public_consultation_document.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Safeguarding_National_Security_Bill_public_consultation_document.png/439px-Safeguarding_National_Security_Bill_public_consultation_document.png 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="2363" /></a><figcaption>Title page of the public consultation of the bill</figcaption></figure> <p>After the conclusion of the public consultation, the officials presented the result in a joint meeting at the parliament, highlighting that the legislation received widespread support. Some comments presented in the consultation document suggested a ban on social media including Facebook, YouTube, Telegram and Signal from operating in Hong Kong, which were said to be hotbeds of crime for dissemination of seditious information.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul Lam, Secretary for Justice, clarified the authorities had no plan to prohibit the social media platforms, after a <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a> report stated "HK says Telegram [and Signal] should be prohibited in Article 23 proposal". Hong Kong authorities condemned the report which generated "misunderstanding and panic" about Article 23 legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bloomberg later admitted error and retracted the news article.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The security minister hit out again on Bloomberg over the "Hong Kong's New Security Law is Worryingly Vague" editorial,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> criticising it as "misleading" and "alarmist". Tang clarified normal businesses would not be found committing crimes related to external forces "unintentionally". The minister added that many other countries implemented similar or even stricter measures on restricting national security defendants as well, and accused the Bloomberg article for holding "double standards".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Times">The Times</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: The Times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Times published an article titled "Hongkongers to be jailed for keeping old newspapers", reporting that according to Hong Kong authorities, Hongkongers might be imprisoned for sedition for keeping old copies of <a href="/wiki/Apple_Daily" title="Apple Daily">Apple Daily</a>, the defunct newspaper that is charged with seditious publication.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the statement the Hong Kong authorities said the report was "extremely misleading" and "completely wrong" intended to generate panic, adding that the prosecution has to prove that the defendant possesses the publication "without reasonable excuse" before conviction.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The report came after Chris Tang was asked in the parliament whether citizens would violate the law if they had copies of the Apple Daily newspaper at home. In response he said if the newspaper was kept for a long time and was unnoticed by the individual and the aim was not to incite, then it could be a reasonable defence. Some suggested this implies it is possible to be jailed for keeping Apple Daily if the defendant is unable to justify the absence of seditious intention.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Washington_Post">Washington Post</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Washington Post"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Titled "With the new security law, Hong Kong doubles down on repression", the Washington Post's editorial said the end of the public consultation period for the bill was "another sad milestone in Hong Kong's downward trajectory". The editorial also called for the release of defendants in the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Daily_raids_and_arrests" title="Apple Daily raids and arrests">Apple Daily case</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_47" title="Hong Kong 47">Hong Kong 47</a> subversion case, as the prosecution "stretched credulity trying to prove that running in a primary and trying to win a majority of council seats amounted to a crime".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Commissioner%27s_Office_of_China%27s_Foreign_Ministry_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioner's Office of China's Foreign Ministry in Hong Kong">Commissioner's Office of China's Foreign Ministry in Hong Kong</a> said in an open letter to the editorial board that it was "deeply shocked" by the paper's "ignorance and double standard". The Office dismissed the paper's pessimistic forecast and said "well, just relax and take a deep breath". In regards to the criticism of the court cases, the Office said "to your dismay, the evidence exposed during the trial shows that those charged are not as 'innocent' as you thought". Chris Tang also "strongly opposed and condemned" the "misleading and inappropriate remarks", and "neglected" the city's constitutional duty to enact the legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="BBC">BBC</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: BBC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hong Kong government also condemned British Broadcasting Corporation over a news piece on the sentencing of 12 Hongkongers over the 2019 storming of the city's legislature, in which the BBC said "the protests led to the introduction of a tough security law that made it easier to prosecute protesters and reduced the city’s autonomy". The authorities accused the BBC's "misleading" article of "smearing" with "false accusations" and creating a "negative impression" of the law by slandering the national security law. The BBC later revised the report and said the new law "made illegal a wider range of dissenting acts and reduced the city’s autonomy. The law allows for China to have jurisdiction over HK national security cases in some circumstances".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_(Legislative_Provisions)_Bill_2003" title="National Security (Legislative Provisions) Bill 2003">National Security (Legislative Provisions) Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Bill_of_Rights_Ordinance" title="Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance">Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Order_Ordinance" title="Public Order Ordinance">Public Order Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">2020 Hong Kong national security law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_national_security_law" title="Macau national security law">Macau national security law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="National Security Law of the People's Republic of China">National Security Law of the People's Republic of China</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Standard&rft.atitle=Finish+line+nears+for+Article+23+legislation&rft.aulast=Standard&rft.aufirst=The&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestandard.com.hk%2Fsection-news%2Fsection%2F11%2F260956%2FFinish-line-nears-for-Article-23-legislation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gld.gov.hk/egazette/tc_chi/gazette/volume.php?year=2024&vol=28&no=11&extra=1&type=3">"香港特別行政區政府憲報"</a>. <i>www.gld.gov.hk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240308023253/https://www.gld.gov.hk/egazette/tc_chi/gazette/volume.php?year=2024&vol=28&no=11&extra=1&type=3">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gld.gov.hk&rft.atitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%86%B2%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gld.gov.hk%2Fegazette%2Ftc_chi%2Fgazette%2Fvolume.php%3Fyear%3D2024%26vol%3D28%26no%3D11%26extra%3D1%26type%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTse2024" class="citation web cs1">Tse, Hans (8 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/08/article-23-hong-kong-proposes-life-sentences-for-treason-insurrection-sabotage-under-new-security-law/">"HK proposes life sentences for treason, insurrection under new law"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Free Press HKFP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+HKFP&rft.atitle=HK+proposes+life+sentences+for+treason%2C+insurrection+under+new+law&rft.date=2024-03-08&rft.aulast=Tse&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F08%2Farticle-23-hong-kong-proposes-life-sentences-for-treason-insurrection-sabotage-under-new-security-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTse2024" class="citation web cs1">Tse, Hans (8 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/08/article-23-hong-kong-proposes-raising-maximum-penalty-for-sedition-to-10-years-under-new-security-law/">"HK proposes raising the maximum penalty for sedition to 10 years"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Free Press HKFP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+HKFP&rft.atitle=HK+proposes+raising+the+maximum+penalty+for+sedition+to+10+years&rft.date=2024-03-08&rft.aulast=Tse&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F08%2Farticle-23-hong-kong-proposes-raising-maximum-penalty-for-sedition-to-10-years-under-new-security-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2024" class="citation web cs1">Lee, James (7 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/07/breaking-pro-democracy-dj-tam-tak-chi-loses-bid-to-appeal-seditious-speech-conviction-and-jail-term/">"HK DJ loses bid to appeal 'seditious' speech conviction & jail term"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Free Press HKFP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+HKFP&rft.atitle=HK+DJ+loses+bid+to+appeal+%27seditious%27+speech+conviction+%26+jail+term&rft.date=2024-03-07&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F07%2Fbreaking-pro-democracy-dj-tam-tak-chi-loses-bid-to-appeal-seditious-speech-conviction-and-jail-term%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTse2024" class="citation web cs1">Tse, Hans (11 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/11/article-23-hong-kong-security-chief-says-reasonable-defence-needed-for-keeping-seditious-publications-like-apple-daily-at-home/">"Article 23: 'Reasonable defence' needed for keeping 'seditious publications'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>hongkongfp.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hongkongfp.com&rft.atitle=Article+23%3A+%27Reasonable+defence%27+needed+for+keeping+%27seditious+publications%27&rft.date=2024-03-11&rft.aulast=Tse&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F11%2Farticle-23-hong-kong-security-chief-says-reasonable-defence-needed-for-keeping-seditious-publications-like-apple-daily-at-home%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2024" class="citation web cs1">Lee, James (8 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/08/article-23-hong-kong-proposes-dissolving-organisations-accused-of-external-interference/">"HK proposes dissolving organisations accused of 'external interference'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Free Press HKFP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+HKFP&rft.atitle=HK+proposes+dissolving+organisations+accused+of+%27external+interference%27&rft.date=2024-03-08&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F08%2Farticle-23-hong-kong-proposes-dissolving-organisations-accused-of-external-interference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e8%a7%80%e9%bb%9e/article/20240124/s00012/1706029983872/%e8%81%9e%e9%a2%a8%e7%ad%86%e5%8b%95-23%e6%a2%9d%e7%ab%8b%e6%b3%95%e8%be%b2%e6%9b%86%e6%96%b0%e5%b9%b4%e5%89%8d%e6%8e%a8-%e5%9c%8b%e5%ae%b6%e6%a9%9f%e5%af%86%e5%ae%9a%e7%be%a9%e5%8f%83%e7%85%a7%e5%85%a7%e5%9c%b0-%e6%96%87-%e6%9d%8e%e5%85%88%e7%9f%a5">"聞風筆動：23條立法農曆新年前推國家機密定義參照內地／文：李先知 - 20240124 - 觀點"</a>. <i>明報新聞網 - 每日明報 daily news</i> (in Traditional Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240317055302/https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e8%a7%80%e9%bb%9e/article/20240124/s00012/1706029983872/%e8%81%9e%e9%a2%a8%e7%ad%86%e5%8b%95-23%e6%a2%9d%e7%ab%8b%e6%b3%95%e8%be%b2%e6%9b%86%e6%96%b0%e5%b9%b4%e5%89%8d%e6%8e%a8-%e5%9c%8b%e5%ae%b6%e6%a9%9f%e5%af%86%e5%ae%9a%e7%be%a9%e5%8f%83%e7%85%a7%e5%85%a7%e5%9c%b0-%e6%96%87-%e6%9d%8e%e5%85%88%e7%9f%a5">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%B1%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2+-+%E6%AF%8F%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%B1+daily+news&rft.atitle=%E8%81%9E%E9%A2%A8%E7%AD%86%E5%8B%95%EF%BC%9A23%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4%E5%89%8D%E6%8E%A8+%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%A9%9F%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9%E5%8F%83%E7%85%A7%E5%85%A7%E5%9C%B0%EF%BC%8F%E6%96%87%EF%BC%9A%E6%9D%8E%E5%85%88%E7%9F%A5+-+20240124+-+%E8%A7%80%E9%BB%9E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.mingpao.com%2Fpns%2F%25e8%25a7%2580%25e9%25bb%259e%2Farticle%2F20240124%2Fs00012%2F1706029983872%2F%25e8%2581%259e%25e9%25a2%25a8%25e7%25ad%2586%25e5%258b%2595-23%25e6%25a2%259d%25e7%25ab%258b%25e6%25b3%2595%25e8%25be%25b2%25e6%259b%2586%25e6%2596%25b0%25e5%25b9%25b4%25e5%2589%258d%25e6%258e%25a8-%25e5%259c%258b%25e5%25ae%25b6%25e6%25a9%259f%25e5%25af%2586%25e5%25ae%259a%25e7%25be%25a9%25e5%258f%2583%25e7%2585%25a7%25e5%2585%25a7%25e5%259c%25b0-%25e6%2596%2587-%25e6%259d%258e%25e5%2585%2588%25e7%259f%25a5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hk.news.yahoo.com/23%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95-%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86-%E6%93%AC%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%A5-%E5%85%AC%E7%9C%BE%E5%88%A9%E7%9B%8A-%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%AC%E8%BE%AF%E8%AD%B7-032755739.html">"23條立法｜「國家秘密」擬加入「公眾利益」相關免責辯護"</a>. <i>Yahoo News</i> (in Chinese). 6 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240311070019/https://hk.news.yahoo.com/23%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95-%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86-%E6%93%AC%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%A5-%E5%85%AC%E7%9C%BE%E5%88%A9%E7%9B%8A-%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%AC%E8%BE%AF%E8%AD%B7-032755739.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=23%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%EF%BD%9C%E3%80%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E3%80%8D%E6%93%AC%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%A5%E3%80%8C%E5%85%AC%E7%9C%BE%E5%88%A9%E7%9B%8A%E3%80%8D%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%AC%E8%BE%AF%E8%AD%B7&rft.date=2024-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhk.news.yahoo.com%2F23%25E6%25A2%259D%25E7%25AB%258B%25E6%25B3%2595-%25E5%259C%258B%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E7%25A7%2598%25E5%25AF%2586-%25E6%2593%25AC%25E5%258A%25A0%25E5%2585%25A5-%25E5%2585%25AC%25E7%259C%25BE%25E5%2588%25A9%25E7%259B%258A-%25E7%259B%25B8%25E9%2597%259C%25E5%2585%258D%25E8%25B2%25AC%25E8%25BE%25AF%25E8%25AD%25B7-032755739.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2024" class="citation web cs1">Chan, Irene (1 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hongkongfp.com/2024/02/01/hong-kong-to-consider-public-interest-exemption-for-leaks-of-state-secrets-under-new-security-law/">"Hong Kong to consider 'public interest' exemption for leaks of 'state secrets'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Free Press HKFP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+HKFP&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+to+consider+%27public+interest%27+exemption+for+leaks+of+%27state+secrets%27&rft.date=2024-02-01&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F02%2F01%2Fhong-kong-to-consider-public-interest-exemption-for-leaks-of-state-secrets-under-new-security-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan" class="citation web cs1">Chan, Irene. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/08/article-23-new-powers-proposed-for-police-courts-to-limit-national-security-detainees-access-to-lawyers/">"HK proposes limiting national security detainees' access to lawyers"</a>. <i>hongkongfp.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hongkongfp.com&rft.atitle=HK+proposes+limiting+national+security+detainees%27+access+to+lawyers&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F08%2Farticle-23-new-powers-proposed-for-police-courts-to-limit-national-security-detainees-access-to-lawyers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrundy2024" class="citation web cs1">Grundy, Tom (8 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/08/article-23-courts-could-extend-detention-without-charge-for-2-weeks-for-nat-security-suspects-draft-bill-suggests/">"HK mulls 2-week detention without charge for nat. sec. suspects"</a>. <i>hongkongfp.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hongkongfp.com&rft.atitle=HK+mulls+2-week+detention+without+charge+for+nat.+sec.+suspects&rft.date=2024-03-08&rft.aulast=Grundy&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F08%2Farticle-23-courts-could-extend-detention-without-charge-for-2-weeks-for-nat-security-suspects-draft-bill-suggests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHo2024" class="citation web cs1">Ho, Kelly (8 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/08/article-23-threshold-for-early-release-may-be-raised-for-national-security-prisoners-draft-bill-says/">"HK may raise early-release threshold for national security prisoners"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Free Press HKFP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+HKFP&rft.atitle=HK+may+raise+early-release+threshold+for+national+security+prisoners&rft.date=2024-03-08&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F08%2Farticle-23-threshold-for-early-release-may-be-raised-for-national-security-prisoners-draft-bill-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://photonmedia.net/disqualified-from-being-nominated-as-candidate/">"拆解23條｜國安定罪者失立法會、區議會參選權前區議員：港版「剝奪政治權利終身」"</a>. <i>Photon Media</i> (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 8 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240311070019/https://photonmedia.net/disqualified-from-being-nominated-as-candidate/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Photon+Media&rft.atitle=%E6%8B%86%E8%A7%A323%E6%A2%9D%EF%BD%9C%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%AE%9A%E7%BD%AA%E8%80%85%E5%A4%B1%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E3%80%81%E5%8D%80%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%8F%83%E9%81%B8%E6%AC%8A+%E5%89%8D%E5%8D%80%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%EF%BC%9A%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%88%E3%80%8C%E5%89%9D%E5%A5%AA%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%B5%82%E8%BA%AB%E3%80%8D&rft.date=2024-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphotonmedia.net%2Fdisqualified-from-being-nominated-as-candidate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHo2024" class="citation web cs1">Ho, Kelly (8 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/08/article-23-hong-kong-proposes-cancelling-absconders-passports-under-new-security-law/">"HK proposes cancelling 'absconders' passports under new law"</a>. <i>hongkongfp.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hongkongfp.com&rft.atitle=HK+proposes+cancelling+%27absconders%27+passports+under+new+law&rft.date=2024-03-08&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F08%2Farticle-23-hong-kong-proposes-cancelling-absconders-passports-under-new-security-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr2024/english/bills/b202403081.pdf">"Safeguarding National Security Bill"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Legislative Council of Hong Kong</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240308104448/https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr2024/english/bills/b202403081.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legislative+Council+of+Hong+Kong&rft.atitle=Safeguarding+National+Security+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legco.gov.hk%2Fyr2024%2Fenglish%2Fbills%2Fb202403081.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHo2024" class="citation web cs1">Ho, Kelly (29 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hongkongfp.com/2024/02/29/hong-kongs-broad-homegrown-security-law-may-curtail-free-speech-and-press-freedom-foreign-govts-and-groups-say/">"HK's new security law may limit free speech, foreign groups warn"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Free Press HKFP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+HKFP&rft.atitle=HK%27s+new+security+law+may+limit+free+speech%2C+foreign+groups+warn&rft.date=2024-02-29&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F02%2F29%2Fhong-kongs-broad-homegrown-security-law-may-curtail-free-speech-and-press-freedom-foreign-govts-and-groups-say%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHo2024" class="citation web cs1">Ho, Kelly (1 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/01/us-smears-on-extraterritorial-effect-of-citys-domestic-security-law-untenable-hong-kong-govt-says/">"US 'smears' on extraterritorial effect of Hong Kong security law 'untenable'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Free Press HKFP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+HKFP&rft.atitle=US+%27smears%27+on+extraterritorial+effect+of+Hong+Kong+security+law+%27untenable%27&rft.date=2024-03-01&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F01%2Fus-smears-on-extraterritorial-effect-of-citys-domestic-security-law-untenable-hong-kong-govt-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e8%a6%81%e8%81%9e/article/20240308/s00001/1709835092637/%e5%85%a8%e9%80%9f%e7%ab%8b23%e6%a2%9d-%e4%bb%8a%e5%88%8a%e6%86%b2%e9%a6%96%e5%90%8c%e6%97%a5%e9%a6%96%e8%ae%80-%e7%ab%8b%e6%9c%83%e5%8a%a0%e6%9c%83%e5%9c%a8%e4%ba%ac%e8%ad%b0%e5%93%a1%e8%b6%95%e8%bf%94-%e6%9c%89%e9%a0%90%e6%96%99%e4%b8%8b%e6%9c%88%e5%8f%af%e9%80%9a%e9%81%8e">"全速立23條今刊憲首同日首讀立會加會在京議員趕返有預料下月可通過 - 20240308 - 要聞"</a>. <i>明報新聞網 - 每日明報 daily news</i> (in Traditional Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240315152746/https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%E8%A6%81%E8%81%9E/article/20240308/s00001/1709835092637/%E5%85%A8%E9%80%9F%E7%AB%8B23%E6%A2%9D-%E4%BB%8A%E5%88%8A%E6%86%B2%E9%A6%96%E5%90%8C%E6%97%A5%E9%A6%96%E8%AE%80-%E7%AB%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%8A%A0%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%AC%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E8%B6%95%E8%BF%94-%E6%9C%89%E9%A0%90%E6%96%99%E4%B8%8B%E6%9C%88%E5%8F%AF%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%B1%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2+-+%E6%AF%8F%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%B1+daily+news&rft.atitle=%E5%85%A8%E9%80%9F%E7%AB%8B23%E6%A2%9D+%E4%BB%8A%E5%88%8A%E6%86%B2%E9%A6%96%E5%90%8C%E6%97%A5%E9%A6%96%E8%AE%80+%E7%AB%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%8A%A0%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%AC%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E8%B6%95%E8%BF%94+%E6%9C%89%E9%A0%90%E6%96%99%E4%B8%8B%E6%9C%88%E5%8F%AF%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E+-+20240308+-+%E8%A6%81%E8%81%9E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.mingpao.com%2Fpns%2F%25e8%25a6%2581%25e8%2581%259e%2Farticle%2F20240308%2Fs00001%2F1709835092637%2F%25e5%2585%25a8%25e9%2580%259f%25e7%25ab%258b23%25e6%25a2%259d-%25e4%25bb%258a%25e5%2588%258a%25e6%2586%25b2%25e9%25a6%2596%25e5%2590%258c%25e6%2597%25a5%25e9%25a6%2596%25e8%25ae%2580-%25e7%25ab%258b%25e6%259c%2583%25e5%258a%25a0%25e6%259c%2583%25e5%259c%25a8%25e4%25ba%25ac%25e8%25ad%25b0%25e5%2593%25a1%25e8%25b6%2595%25e8%25bf%2594-%25e6%259c%2589%25e9%25a0%2590%25e6%2596%2599%25e4%25b8%258b%25e6%259c%2588%25e5%258f%25af%25e9%2580%259a%25e9%2581%258e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutton2024" class="citation web cs1">Hutton, Mercedes (7 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/07/hong-kong-to-introduce-homegrown-security-law-to-legislature-on-friday/">"HK to introduce homegrown security law to legislature on Friday"</a>. <i>hongkongfp.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240323111207/https://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/07/hong-kong-to-introduce-homegrown-security-law-to-legislature-on-friday/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hongkongfp.com&rft.atitle=HK+to+introduce+homegrown+security+law+to+legislature+on+Friday&rft.date=2024-03-07&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Mercedes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F07%2Fhong-kong-to-introduce-homegrown-security-law-to-legislature-on-friday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3255285/hong-kongs-article-23-bill-amendments-toughen-legislation-give-chief-executive-more-power">"Hong Kong's Article 23 bill moves to next stage after amendments toughen law"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 14 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240315152745/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3255285/hong-kongs-article-23-bill-amendments-toughen-legislation-give-chief-executive-more-power">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong%27s+Article+23+bill+moves+to+next+stage+after+amendments+toughen+law&rft.date=2024-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Flaw-and-crime%2Farticle%2F3255285%2Fhong-kongs-article-23-bill-amendments-toughen-legislation-give-chief-executive-more-power&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeung2024" class="citation web cs1">Leung, Hillary (14 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/14/article-23-hong-kong-seeks-to-tighten-absconder-measures-and-empower-leader-to-draft-new-laws/">"Article 23: Hong Kong proposes amendments to new security law"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Free Press HKFP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+HKFP&rft.atitle=Article+23%3A+Hong+Kong+proposes+amendments+to+new+security+law&rft.date=2024-03-14&rft.aulast=Leung&rft.aufirst=Hillary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F14%2Farticle-23-hong-kong-seeks-to-tighten-absconder-measures-and-empower-leader-to-draft-new-laws%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1744754-20240315.htm?">"Govt seeks fast tracking of Article 23 legislation - RTHK"</a>. <i>news.rthk.hk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320074316/https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1744754-20240315.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.rthk.hk&rft.atitle=Govt+seeks+fast+tracking+of+Article+23+legislation+-+RTHK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.rthk.hk%2Frthk%2Fen%2Fcomponent%2Fk2%2F1744754-20240315.htm%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3255748/hong-kong-legislature-resume-second-reading-article-23-bill-tuesday-morning-government-fast-tracks">"Hong Kong lawmakers set to approve Article 23 national security bill on Tuesday"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 18 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320074316/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3255748/hong-kong-legislature-resume-second-reading-article-23-bill-tuesday-morning-government-fast-tracks">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+lawmakers+set+to+approve+Article+23+national+security+bill+on+Tuesday&rft.date=2024-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F3255748%2Fhong-kong-legislature-resume-second-reading-article-23-bill-tuesday-morning-government-fast-tracks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3255868/hong-kongs-article-23-bill-legislature-resumes-second-reading-paving-way-domestic-national-security">"As it happened: Hong Kong legislators make history, pass Article 23 security bill"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 19 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320074317/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3255868/hong-kongs-article-23-bill-legislature-resumes-second-reading-paving-way-domestic-national-security">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>. <q>Lawmaker vows to support bill, even at 'cost of being smashed to pieces'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=As+it+happened%3A+Hong+Kong+legislators+make+history%2C+pass+Article+23+security+bill&rft.date=2024-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F3255868%2Fhong-kongs-article-23-bill-legislature-resumes-second-reading-paving-way-domestic-national-security&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e8%a6%81%e8%81%9e/article/20240319/s00001/1710785448549/23%e6%a2%9d%e5%8a%a0%e6%9c%83%e6%81%a2%e5%be%a9%e4%ba%8c%e8%ae%80-%e7%88%ad%e4%bb%8a%e6%97%a5%e9%80%9a%e9%81%8e-%e8%a1%8c%e6%9c%83%e5%8f%8a6%e5%a7%94%e6%9c%83%e3%80%8c%e8%ae%93%e8%b7%af%e3%80%8d%e6%94%b9%e6%9c%9f-%e8%ad%b0%e5%93%a1%e7%8d%b2%e3%80%8c%e6%ba%ab%e6%8f%90%e3%80%8d%e7%99%bc%e8%a8%80%e7%9b%a1%e7%9f%ad">"23條加會恢復二讀爭今日通過行會及6委會「讓路」改期議員獲「溫提」發言盡短 - 20240319 - 要聞"</a>. <i>明報新聞網 - 每日明報 daily news</i> (in Traditional Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320074316/https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%E8%A6%81%E8%81%9E/article/20240319/s00001/1710785448549/23%E6%A2%9D%E5%8A%A0%E6%9C%83%E6%81%A2%E5%BE%A9%E4%BA%8C%E8%AE%80-%E7%88%AD%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E-%E8%A1%8C%E6%9C%83%E5%8F%8A6%E5%A7%94%E6%9C%83%E3%80%8C%E8%AE%93%E8%B7%AF%E3%80%8D%E6%94%B9%E6%9C%9F-%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E7%8D%B2%E3%80%8C%E6%BA%AB%E6%8F%90%E3%80%8D%E7%99%BC%E8%A8%80%E7%9B%A1%E7%9F%AD">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%B1%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2+-+%E6%AF%8F%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%B1+daily+news&rft.atitle=23%E6%A2%9D%E5%8A%A0%E6%9C%83%E6%81%A2%E5%BE%A9%E4%BA%8C%E8%AE%80+%E7%88%AD%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E+%E8%A1%8C%E6%9C%83%E5%8F%8A6%E5%A7%94%E6%9C%83%E3%80%8C%E8%AE%93%E8%B7%AF%E3%80%8D%E6%94%B9%E6%9C%9F+%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E7%8D%B2%E3%80%8C%E6%BA%AB%E6%8F%90%E3%80%8D%E7%99%BC%E8%A8%80%E7%9B%A1%E7%9F%AD+-+20240319+-+%E8%A6%81%E8%81%9E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.mingpao.com%2Fpns%2F%25e8%25a6%2581%25e8%2581%259e%2Farticle%2F20240319%2Fs00001%2F1710785448549%2F23%25e6%25a2%259d%25e5%258a%25a0%25e6%259c%2583%25e6%2581%25a2%25e5%25be%25a9%25e4%25ba%258c%25e8%25ae%2580-%25e7%2588%25ad%25e4%25bb%258a%25e6%2597%25a5%25e9%2580%259a%25e9%2581%258e-%25e8%25a1%258c%25e6%259c%2583%25e5%258f%258a6%25e5%25a7%2594%25e6%259c%2583%25e3%2580%258c%25e8%25ae%2593%25e8%25b7%25af%25e3%2580%258d%25e6%2594%25b9%25e6%259c%259f-%25e8%25ad%25b0%25e5%2593%25a1%25e7%258d%25b2%25e3%2580%258c%25e6%25ba%25ab%25e6%258f%2590%25e3%2580%258d%25e7%2599%25bc%25e8%25a8%2580%25e7%259b%25a1%25e7%259f%25ad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inmediahk.net/node/%E6%94%BF%E7%B6%93/%E3%80%9023%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E3%80%91%E3%80%8A%E6%A2%9D%E4%BE%8B%E8%8D%89%E6%A1%88%E3%80%8B%E4%BA%8C%E8%AE%80%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E-%E8%98%87%E9%95%B7%E8%8D%A3%E7%96%91%E7%9E%93%E8%91%97%E5%86%87%E8%88%89%E6%89%8B">"【23條立法】《條例草案》二讀通過蘇長荣疑瞓著冇舉手 | 獨媒報導"</a>. <i>獨立媒體</i>. 19 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320074316/https://www.inmediahk.net/node/%E6%94%BF%E7%B6%93/%E3%80%9023%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E3%80%91%E3%80%8A%E6%A2%9D%E4%BE%8B%E8%8D%89%E6%A1%88%E3%80%8B%E4%BA%8C%E8%AE%80%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E-%E8%98%87%E9%95%B7%E8%8D%A3%E7%96%91%E7%9E%93%E8%91%97%E5%86%87%E8%88%89%E6%89%8B">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94&rft.atitle=%E3%80%9023%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E3%80%91%E3%80%8A%E6%A2%9D%E4%BE%8B%E8%8D%89%E6%A1%88%E3%80%8B%E4%BA%8C%E8%AE%80%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E+%E8%98%87%E9%95%B7%E8%8D%A3%E7%96%91%E7%9E%93%E8%91%97%E5%86%87%E8%88%89%E6%89%8B+%7C+%E7%8D%A8%E5%AA%92%E5%A0%B1%E5%B0%8E&rft.date=2024-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inmediahk.net%2Fnode%2F%25E6%2594%25BF%25E7%25B6%2593%2F%25E3%2580%259023%25E6%25A2%259D%25E7%25AB%258B%25E6%25B3%2595%25E3%2580%2591%25E3%2580%258A%25E6%25A2%259D%25E4%25BE%258B%25E8%258D%2589%25E6%25A1%2588%25E3%2580%258B%25E4%25BA%258C%25E8%25AE%2580%25E9%2580%259A%25E9%2581%258E-%25E8%2598%2587%25E9%2595%25B7%25E8%258D%25A3%25E7%2596%2591%25E7%259E%2593%25E8%2591%2597%25E5%2586%2587%25E8%2588%2589%25E6%2589%258B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stheadline.com/politics/3327346/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%98%E5%87%BA%E5%B8%AD%E7%99%BC%E8%A8%80-23%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A9%E5%A4%A7%E7%BD%95%E8%A6%8B%E7%A0%B4%E4%BE%8B-Kelly-Online">"大主席投票、行政長官出席發言 23條立法兩大罕見破例︱Kelly Online"</a>. <i>星島頭條</i> (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 19 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320074316/https://www.stheadline.com/politics/3327346/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%98%E5%87%BA%E5%B8%AD%E7%99%BC%E8%A8%80-23%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A9%E5%A4%A7%E7%BD%95%E8%A6%8B%E7%A0%B4%E4%BE%8B-Kelly-Online">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E6%98%9F%E5%B3%B6%E9%A0%AD%E6%A2%9D&rft.atitle=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%E3%80%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%98%E5%87%BA%E5%B8%AD%E7%99%BC%E8%A8%80+23%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A9%E5%A4%A7%E7%BD%95%E8%A6%8B%E7%A0%B4%E4%BE%8B+%EF%B8%B1Kelly+Online&rft.date=2024-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stheadline.com%2Fpolitics%2F3327346%2F%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E5%25B8%25AD%25E6%258A%2595%25E7%25A5%25A8%25E8%25A1%258C%25E6%2594%25BF%25E9%2595%25B7%25E5%25AE%2598%25E5%2587%25BA%25E5%25B8%25AD%25E7%2599%25BC%25E8%25A8%2580-23%25E6%25A2%259D%25E7%25AB%258B%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%2585%25A9%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E7%25BD%2595%25E8%25A6%258B%25E7%25A0%25B4%25E4%25BE%258B-Kelly-Online&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_48-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3255999/historic-moment-hong-kong-passes-domestic-national-security-law-after-marathon-session-fast-tracking">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Historic moment': Hong Kong passes Article 23 law after marathon session"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 20 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320074316/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3255999/historic-moment-hong-kong-passes-domestic-national-security-law-after-marathon-session-fast-tracking">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=%27Historic+moment%27%3A+Hong+Kong+passes+Article+23+law+after+marathon+session&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F3255999%2Fhistoric-moment-hong-kong-passes-domestic-national-security-law-after-marathon-session-fast-tracking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2024" class="citation web cs1">Chan, Kahon (23 March 2024). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3256444/absconders-likely-be-first-target-hong-kongs-article-23-domestic-national-security-law-takes-effect">"Absconders likely to be first target as Hong Kong's Article 23 domestic national security law takes effect"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240322162213/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3256444/absconders-likely-be-first-target-hong-kongs-article-23-domestic-national-security-law-takes-effect">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Absconders+likely+to+be+first+target+as+Hong+Kong%27s+Article+23+domestic+national+security+law+takes+effect&rft.date=2024-03-23&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Kahon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F3256444%2Fabsconders-likely-be-first-target-hong-kongs-article-23-domestic-national-security-law-takes-effect&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2024/02/28/2003814182">"HK democracy advocates stage rare public protest - Taipei Times"</a>. <i>Taipei Times</i>. 28 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thecollectivehk.com&rft.atitle=23+%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%EF%BD%9C%E8%AB%AE%E8%A9%A2%E6%9C%9F%E6%98%8E%E7%B5%90%E6%9D%9F+%E7%A4%BE%E6%B0%91%E9%80%A3%EF%BC%9A%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%95%E6%9B%B4%E5%9A%B4%E8%8B%9B+%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8%EF%BC%9A%E5%A4%9A%E8%99%95%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%8E+-+%E9%9B%86%E8%AA%8C%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2024-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecollectivehk.com%2F23%25E6%25A2%259D%25E7%25AB%258B%25E6%25B3%2595%25E8%25AB%25AE%25E8%25A9%25A2%25E6%259C%259F%25E6%2598%258E%25E7%25B5%2590%25E6%259D%259F%25E7%25A4%25BE%25E6%25B0%2591%25E9%2580%25A3%25E6%2596%25B0%25E6%25B3%2595%25E6%259B%25B4%25E5%259A%25B4%25E8%258B%259B%25E6%25B0%2591%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E9%25BB%25A8%25E5%25A4%259A%25E8%2599%2595%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voacantonese.com/a/it-hong-kong-democratic-parties-to-submit-article-23-legislation-proposal-20240227-ry/7504222.html">"香港兩大民主派政黨提交23條立法意見書社民連3人示威被數十警員包圍"</a>. <i>美國之音</i>. 27 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%B9%8B%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%85%A9%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%A423%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%84%8F%E8%A6%8B%E6%9B%B8+%E7%A4%BE%E6%B0%91%E9%80%A33%E4%BA%BA%E7%A4%BA%E5%A8%81%E8%A2%AB%E6%95%B8%E5%8D%81%E8%AD%A6%E5%93%A1%E5%8C%85%E5%9C%8D&rft.date=2024-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voacantonese.com%2Fa%2Fit-hong-kong-democratic-parties-to-submit-article-23-legislation-proposal-20240227-ry%2F7504222.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2024/02/27/hong-kong-pro-democracy-group-league-of-social-democrats-says-domestic-security-law-could-undermine-freedoms/">"Hong Kong pro-democracy group League of Social Democrats says domestic security law could undermine freedoms"</a>. <i>HKFP</i>. 27 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HKFP&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+pro-democracy+group+League+of+Social+Democrats+says+domestic+security+law+could+undermine+freedoms&rft.date=2024-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F02%2F27%2Fhong-kong-pro-democracy-group-league-of-social-democrats-says-domestic-security-law-could-undermine-freedoms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Hong-Kong-security-law/Hong-Kong-s-last-opposition-parties-speak-out-on-planned-security-law">"Hong Kong's last opposition parties speak out on planned security law"</a>. <i>Nikkei Asia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thecollectivehk.com&rft.atitle=23+%E6%A2%9D%EF%BD%9C%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F%E3%80%81%E5%8A%A0%E5%9C%8B%E3%80%8C%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E7%85%A7%E6%9C%83%E3%80%8D%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8+%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F%EF%BC%9A%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%88%96%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%87%E4%BE%B5%E8%9D%95%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1+%E2%80%93+%E9%9B%86%E8%AA%8C%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecollectivehk.com%2F23%25E6%25A2%259D%25E6%25AD%2590%25E7%259B%259F%25E5%25A4%2596%25E4%25BA%25A4%25E7%2585%25A7%25E6%259C%2583%25E8%25A1%25A8%25E9%2597%259C%25E6%25B3%25A8%25E7%2599%25BC%25E8%25A8%2580%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E7%25AB%258B%25E6%25B3%2595%25E6%2588%2596%25E5%258A%25A0%25E5%258A%2587%25E4%25BE%25B5%25E8%259D%2595%25E8%2587%25AA%25E7%2594%25B1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/23/hong-kongs-new-security-law-comes-into-force-amid-human-rights-concerns">"Hong Kong's new security law comes into force amid human rights concerns"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong%27s+new+security+law+comes+into+force+amid+human+rights+concerns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F3%2F23%2Fhong-kongs-new-security-law-comes-into-force-amid-human-rights-concerns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/china/european-union-un-criticise-new-hong-kong-security-law-2024-03-20/">"European Union, UN criticise new Hong Kong security law"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=European+Union%2C+UN+criticise+new+Hong+Kong+security+law&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fchina%2Feuropean-union-un-criticise-new-hong-kong-security-law-2024-03-20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLau2024" class="citation web cs1">Lau, Chris (19 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/19/china/hong-kong-second-national-security-law-passed-intl-hnk/index.html">"Hong Kong passes second national security law, widening crackdown powers and aligning city more closely with mainland China"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320135822/https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/19/china/hong-kong-second-national-security-law-passed-intl-hnk/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+passes+second+national+security+law%2C+widening+crackdown+powers+and+aligning+city+more+closely+with+mainland+China&rft.date=2024-03-19&rft.aulast=Lau&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2024%2F03%2F19%2Fchina%2Fhong-kong-second-national-security-law-passed-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/china-tells-uk-others-stop-smearing-new-hong-kong-security-law-2024-03-20/">"China tells UK and others to stop 'smearing' new Hong Kong security law"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=China+tells+UK+and+others+to+stop+%27smearing%27+new+Hong+Kong+security+law&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fchina-tells-uk-others-stop-smearing-new-hong-kong-security-law-2024-03-20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTse2024" class="citation web cs1">Tse, Hans (6 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/06/no-intention-of-banning-social-media-hong-kong-officials-say-as-public-suggestions-presented-to-legislature/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'No intention of banning social media,' Hong Kong officials say"</a>. <i>hongkongfp.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hongkongfp.com&rft.atitle=%27No+intention+of+banning+social+media%2C%27+Hong+Kong+officials+say&rft.date=2024-03-06&rft.aulast=Tse&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F06%2Fno-intention-of-banning-social-media-hong-kong-officials-say-as-public-suggestions-presented-to-legislature%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTse2024" class="citation web cs1">Tse, Hans (6 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/06/no-intention-of-banning-social-media-hong-kong-officials-say-as-public-suggestions-presented-to-legislature/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'No intention of banning social media,' Hong Kong officials say"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Free Press HKFP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+HKFP&rft.atitle=%27No+intention+of+banning+social+media%2C%27+Hong+Kong+officials+say&rft.date=2024-03-06&rft.aulast=Tse&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F06%2Fno-intention-of-banning-social-media-hong-kong-officials-say-as-public-suggestions-presented-to-legislature%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTse2024" class="citation web cs1">Tse, Hans (7 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/07/bloomberg-admits-error-as-hong-kong-govt-slams-false-reports-of-social-media-ban-in-new-security-law/">"Bloomberg admits error as HK slams 'false reports' of social media ban"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Free Press HKFP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+HKFP&rft.atitle=Bloomberg+admits+error+as+HK+slams+%27false+reports%27+of+social+media+ban&rft.date=2024-03-07&rft.aulast=Tse&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F07%2Fbloomberg-admits-error-as-hong-kong-govt-slams-false-reports-of-social-media-ban-in-new-security-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-03-06/hong-kong-consultation-on-security-law-cited-communication-apps">"Hong Kong Consultation on Security Law Cited Communication Apps"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. 6 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240307172541/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-03-06/hong-kong-consultation-on-security-law-cited-communication-apps">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+Consultation+on+Security+Law+Cited+Communication+Apps&rft.date=2024-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2024-03-06%2Fhong-kong-consultation-on-security-law-cited-communication-apps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaswani2024" class="citation web cs1">Vaswani, Karishma (12 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2024-03-11/article-23-hong-kong-s-national-security-law-needs-more-clarity">"Hong Kong's New Security Law Is Worryingly Vague"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240316024442/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2024-03-11/article-23-hong-kong-s-national-security-law-needs-more-clarity">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong%27s+New+Security+Law+Is+Worryingly+Vague&rft.date=2024-03-12&rft.aulast=Vaswani&rft.aufirst=Karishma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fopinion%2Farticles%2F2024-03-11%2Farticle-23-hong-kong-s-national-security-law-needs-more-clarity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF星島日報2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">星島日報 (12 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://std.stheadline.com/realtime/article/1986503/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82-%E6%B8%AF%E8%81%9E-23%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%EF%B8%B1%E9%84%A7%E7%82%B3%E5%BC%B7%E5%8E%BB%E4%BF%A1%E8%AD%B4%E8%B2%AC%E5%BD%AD%E5%8D%9A%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0-%E6%81%AB%E5%9A%87%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E5%B0%87%E8%A2%AB%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E7%87%9F%E9%81%8B">"23條立法︱鄧炳強去信譴責彭博評論文章恫嚇企業將被禁止營運"</a>. <i>std.stheadline.com</i> (in Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320135821/https://std.stheadline.com/realtime/article/1986503/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82-%E6%B8%AF%E8%81%9E-23%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%EF%B8%B1%E9%84%A7%E7%82%B3%E5%BC%B7%E5%8E%BB%E4%BF%A1%E8%AD%B4%E8%B2%AC%E5%BD%AD%E5%8D%9A%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0-%E6%81%AB%E5%9A%87%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E5%B0%87%E8%A2%AB%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E7%87%9F%E9%81%8B">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=std.stheadline.com&rft.atitle=23%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%EF%B8%B1%E9%84%A7%E7%82%B3%E5%BC%B7%E5%8E%BB%E4%BF%A1%E8%AD%B4%E8%B2%AC%E5%BD%AD%E5%8D%9A%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0+%E6%81%AB%E5%9A%87%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E5%B0%87%E8%A2%AB%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E7%87%9F%E9%81%8B&rft.date=2024-03-12&rft.au=%E6%98%9F%E5%B3%B6%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstd.stheadline.com%2Frealtime%2Farticle%2F1986503%2F%25E5%258D%25B3%25E6%2599%2582-%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E8%2581%259E-23%25E6%25A2%259D%25E7%25AB%258B%25E6%25B3%2595%25EF%25B8%25B1%25E9%2584%25A7%25E7%2582%25B3%25E5%25BC%25B7%25E5%258E%25BB%25E4%25BF%25A1%25E8%25AD%25B4%25E8%25B2%25AC%25E5%25BD%25AD%25E5%258D%259A%25E8%25A9%2595%25E8%25AB%2596%25E6%2596%2587%25E7%25AB%25A0-%25E6%2581%25AB%25E5%259A%2587%25E4%25BC%2581%25E6%25A5%25AD%25E5%25B0%2587%25E8%25A2%25AB%25E7%25A6%2581%25E6%25AD%25A2%25E7%2587%259F%25E9%2581%258B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParry2024" class="citation news cs1">Parry, Richard Lloyd (20 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/hongkongers-to-be-jailed-for-keeping-old-newspapers-3v55jnz7l">"Hongkongers face jail for keeping old newspapers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460">0140-0460</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320135820/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/hongkongers-to-be-jailed-for-keeping-old-newspapers-3v55jnz7l">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Hongkongers+face+jail+for+keeping+old+newspapers&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft.issn=0140-0460&rft.aulast=Parry&rft.aufirst=Richard+Lloyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fhongkongers-to-be-jailed-for-keeping-old-newspapers-3v55jnz7l&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2024" class="citation web cs1">Chan, Irene (13 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/13/article-23-hong-kong-condemns-british-outlets-misleading-report-that-holding-old-newspapers-could-breach-new-law/">"Article 23: HK condemns 'misleading' report by British outlet"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Free Press HKFP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+HKFP&rft.atitle=Article+23%3A+HK+condemns+%27misleading%27+report+by+British+outlet&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F13%2Farticle-23-hong-kong-condemns-british-outlets-misleading-report-that-holding-old-newspapers-could-breach-new-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E6%B8%AF23%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95-%E7%85%BD%E5%8B%95%E5%88%8A%E7%89%A9%E7%BD%AA-%E6%94%B6%E8%97%8F-%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1-%E6%81%90%E9%81%95%E6%B3%95-123500367.html">"港23條立法「煽動刊物罪」收藏「蘋果日報」恐違法"</a>. <i>Yahoo News</i> (in Chinese). 10 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320122615/https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E6%B8%AF23%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95-%E7%85%BD%E5%8B%95%E5%88%8A%E7%89%A9%E7%BD%AA-%E6%94%B6%E8%97%8F-%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1-%E6%81%90%E9%81%95%E6%B3%95-123500367.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=%E6%B8%AF23%E6%A2%9D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E3%80%8C%E7%85%BD%E5%8B%95%E5%88%8A%E7%89%A9%E7%BD%AA%E3%80%8D%E6%94%B6%E8%97%8F%E3%80%8C%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1%E3%80%8D%E6%81%90%E9%81%95%E6%B3%95&rft.date=2024-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftw.news.yahoo.com%2F%25E6%25B8%25AF23%25E6%25A2%259D%25E7%25AB%258B%25E6%25B3%2595-%25E7%2585%25BD%25E5%258B%2595%25E5%2588%258A%25E7%2589%25A9%25E7%25BD%25AA-%25E6%2594%25B6%25E8%2597%258F-%25E8%2598%258B%25E6%259E%259C%25E6%2597%25A5%25E5%25A0%25B1-%25E6%2581%2590%25E9%2581%2595%25E6%25B3%2595-123500367.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/03/10/hong-kong-security-law-47-democracy-activists-repression/">"Opinion | With new security law, Hong Kong doubles down on repression"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. 10 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312012842/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/03/10/hong-kong-security-law-47-democracy-activists-repression/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Opinion+%7C+With+new+security+law%2C+Hong+Kong+doubles+down+on+repression&rft.date=2024-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2F2024%2F03%2F10%2Fhong-kong-security-law-47-democracy-activists-repression%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3255023/hong-kong-security-chief-slams-washington-post-editorial-accusing-city-doubling-down-repression">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Relax and take a deep breath': Beijing slams US paper over Hong Kong editorial"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 12 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320135821/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3255023/hong-kong-security-chief-slams-washington-post-editorial-accusing-city-doubling-down-repression">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=%27Relax+and+take+a+deep+breath%27%3A+Beijing+slams+US+paper+over+Hong+Kong+editorial&rft.date=2024-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F3255023%2Fhong-kong-security-chief-slams-washington-post-editorial-accusing-city-doubling-down-repression&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2024" class="citation web cs1">Chan, Irene (18 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hongkongfp.com/2024/03/18/hong-kong-condemns-bbc-over-smearing-beijings-national-security-law/">"Hong Kong condemns BBC over 'smearing' security law"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Free Press HKFP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+HKFP&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+condemns+BBC+over+%27smearing%27+security+law&rft.date=2024-03-18&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2024%2F03%2F18%2Fhong-kong-condemns-bbc-over-smearing-beijings-national-security-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafeguarding+National+Security+Ordinance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">Hong Kong national security law</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberate_Hong_Kong,_revolution_of_our_times" title="Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times">Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glory_to_Hong_Kong" title="Glory to Hong Kong">Glory to Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bauhinia_flag" title="Black Bauhinia flag">Black Bauhinia flag</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="National Security Law of the People's Republic of China">National Security Law of the People's Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inciting_subversion_of_state_power" title="Inciting subversion of state power">Inciting subversion of state power</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">HK Basic Law <br /> Article 23</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_(Legislative_Provisions)_Bill_2003" title="National Security (Legislative Provisions) Bill 2003">National Security (Legislative Provisions) Bill 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">2020 Hong Kong national security law</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress_decision_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_legislation" title="National People's Congress decision on Hong Kong national security legislation">National People's Congress decision</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Safeguarding National Security Ordinance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hong_Kong_national_security_cases" title="List of Hong Kong national security cases">Notable cases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Daily_raids_and_arrests" title="Apple Daily raids and arrests">Apple Daily</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/HKSAR_v_Lai_Chee_Ying" title="HKSAR v Lai Chee Ying">HKSAR v Lai Chee Ying</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand_News_raids_and_arrests" title="Stand News raids and arrests">Stand News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_12" title="Hong Kong 12">Hong Kong 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_47" title="Hong Kong 47">Hong Kong 47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Chow_arrest_under_National_Security_Law" title="Agnes Chow arrest under National Security Law">Agnes Chow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_July_police_stabbing" title="1 July police stabbing">1 July police stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studentlocalism" title="Studentlocalism">Studentlocalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Politicism" title="Student Politicism">Student Politicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Returning_Valiant" title="Returning Valiant">Returning Valiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Alliance_in_Support_of_Patriotic_Democratic_Movements_of_China" title="Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China">Hong Kong Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Independence_Party" title="Hong Kong Independence Party">Hong Kong Independence Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_CPG_in_the_HKSAR" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR">National Security Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Department" title="National Security Department">National Security Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">National Security Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_national_security_judges" title="Hong Kong national security judges">National security judges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_effects_of_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Local effects of the Hong Kong national security law">Local</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_media_due_to_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" class="mw-redirect" title="List of defunct media due to Hong Kong national security law">Defunct media list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_2020_Chinese_involvement_with_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="Responses to the 2020 Chinese involvement with Hong Kong national security law">International</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_National_(Overseas)" title="British National (Overseas)">British National (Overseas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Autonomy_Act" title="Hong Kong Autonomy Act">Hong Kong Autonomy Act</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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/></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_on_Safeguarding_National_Security_in_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Hong_Kong_since_1997" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HKafter1997" title="Template:HKafter1997"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HKafter1997" title="Template talk:HKafter1997"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HKafter1997" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HKafter1997"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Hong_Kong_since_1997" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong" title="History of Hong Kong">History of Hong Kong</a> <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">since 1997</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">Handover of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Financial_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Financial Crisis">Asian Financial Crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1998_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="1998 Hong Kong legislative election">1st Legislative Council elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport" title="Hong Kong International Airport">Opening of the Hong Kong International Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode_in_Hong_Kong#The_debate_in_1999" title="Right of abode in Hong Kong">Right of abode debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1999 Hong Kong local elections">1st District Council elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2000 Hong Kong legislative election">2nd Legislative Council elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Immigration_v._Chong_Fung_Yuen" class="mw-redirect" title="Director of Immigration v. Chong Fung Yuen">Director of Immigration v. Chong Fung Yuen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2002 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2nd Chief Executive election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Article 23 legislation debate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">SARS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">2002–2004 SARS outbreak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Cheung" title="Leslie Cheung">Death of Leslie Cheung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Hong_Kong_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">CEPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_1_July_marches#2003_protest" title="Hong Kong 1 July marches">2003 July 1 march</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2003 Hong Kong local elections">2nd District Council elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Mui" title="Anita Mui">Death of Anita Mui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Robert_Kissel" title="Murder of Robert Kissel">Murder of Robert Kissel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2004 Hong Kong legislative election">3rd Legislative Council elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_term_of_Tung_Chee-hwa_as_Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Second term of Tung Chee-hwa as Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Resignation of Tung Chee-hwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2005 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2005 Chief Executive election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Disneyland" title="Hong Kong Disneyland">Opening of Hong Kong Disneyland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform" title="2005 Hong Kong electoral reform">2005 electoral reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2005" title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2005">WTO Ministerial Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngong_Ping_360" title="Ngong Ping 360">Opening of Ngong Ping 360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Place_Ferry_Pier" title="Edinburgh Place Ferry Pier">Demolition of Star Ferry Pier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2007 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">3rd Chief Executive election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTR%E2%80%93KCR_merger" title="MTR–KCR merger">MTR–KCR merger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2007 Hong Kong local elections">3rd District Council elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Hong_Kong_Island_by-election" title="2007 Hong Kong Island by-election">Legislative Council by-election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Chen_photo_scandal" title="Edison Chen photo scandal">Edison Chen photo scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian at the 2008 Summer Olympics">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2008 Hong Kong legislative election">4th Legislative Council elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_acid_attacks" title="Hong Kong acid attacks">Acid attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">Global Financial Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Sai_Kung_bus_crash" title="2008 Sai Kung bus crash">Sai Kung bus crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_East_Asian_Games" title="2009 East Asian Games">East Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong" title="2009 swine flu pandemic in Hong Kong">Flu pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hong_Kong_Express_Rail_Link_movement" title="Anti-Hong Kong Express Rail Link movement">Anti-Hong Kong Express Rail Link movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Hong_Kong_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Hong Kong by-election">Legislative Council by-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform" title="2010 Hong Kong electoral reform">2010 electoral reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_hostage_crisis" title="Manila hostage crisis">Manila hostage crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_818_incident" title="Hong Kong 818 incident">818 incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vallejos_v._Commissioner_of_Registration" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallejos v. Commissioner of Registration">Vallejos v. Commissioner of Registration</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2011 Hong Kong local elections">4th District Council elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Kong_Qingdong_incident" title="2012 Kong Qingdong incident">Protests against Kong Qingdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2012 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">4th Chief Executive election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_and_National_Education_controversy" title="Moral and National Education controversy">Moral and National Education controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_plastic_disaster" title="Hong Kong plastic disaster">Plastic disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2012 Hong Kong legislative election">5th Legislative Council elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Lamma_Island_ferry_collision" title="2012 Lamma Island ferry collision">Lamma Island ferry collision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Television Network">Hong Kong Television Network controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hong_Kong_dock_strike" title="2013 Hong Kong dock strike">Dock strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knife_attack_on_Kevin_Lau" title="Knife attack on Kevin Lau">Knife attack on Kevin Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform" title="2014–2015 Hong Kong electoral reform">2014 electoral reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2014 Hong Kong protests">Umbrella Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beating_of_Ken_Tsang" title="Beating of Ken Tsang">Beating of Ken Tsang</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causeway_Bay_Books_disappearances" title="Causeway Bay Books disappearances">Causeway Bay Books disappearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Hong_Kong_heavy_metal_in_drinking_water_incidents" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Hong Kong heavy metal in drinking water incidents">Drinking water contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hong_Kong_pro-vice-chancellor_selection_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hong Kong pro-vice-chancellor selection controversy">HKU pro-vice-chancellor selection controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2015 Hong Kong local elections">5th District Council elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Mong_Kok_civil_unrest" title="2016 Mong Kok civil unrest">Mongkok civil unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_New_Territories_East_by-election" title="2016 New Territories East by-election">Legislative Council by-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Hong_Kong_Legislative_Council_candidates%27_disqualification_controversy" title="2016 Hong Kong Legislative Council candidates' disqualification controversy">LegCo candidates' disqualification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2016 Hong Kong legislative election">6th Legislative Council elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Legislative_Council_oath-taking_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Legislative Council oath-taking controversy">LegCo oath-taking controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">5th Chief Executive election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_imprisonment_of_Hong_Kong_democracy_activists" title="2017 imprisonment of Hong Kong democracy activists">Imprisonment of democracy activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUHK_democracy_wall_standoff" class="mw-redirect" title="CUHK democracy wall standoff">CUHK democracy wall standoff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Hong_Kong_bus_accident" title="2018 Hong Kong bus accident">Tai Po Road bus accident</a></li> <li>LegCo by-elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Hong_Kong_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Hong Kong by-election">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2018_Kowloon_West_by-election" title="November 2018 Kowloon West by-election">November</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge" title="Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge">Opening of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Mallet_visa_controversy" title="Victor Mallet visa controversy">Victor Mallet visa controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Mangkhut" title="Typhoon Mangkhut">Typhoon Mangkhut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Yuen_Long_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Yuen Long violence">Yuen Long attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Prince_Edward_station_attack" title="2019 Prince Edward station attack">Prince Edward station attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2019 Hong Kong local elections">6th District Council elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_Ordinance" title="National Anthem Ordinance">National Anthem Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress_decision_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_legislation" title="National People's Congress decision on Hong Kong national security legislation">NPC decision on national security legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_pro-democracy_primaries" title="2020 Hong Kong pro-democracy primaries">Pro-democracy primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_Legislative_Council_candidates%27_disqualification_controversy" title="2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council candidates' disqualification controversy">LegCo candidates' disqualification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Daily_raids_and_arrests" title="Apple Daily raids and arrests">Apple Daily raids and arrests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_Legislative_Council_mass_resignations" title="2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council mass resignations">LegCo mass resignations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_arrests_of_Hong_Kong_pro-democracy_primaries_participants" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 arrests of Hong Kong pro-democracy primaries participants">Mass arrests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Hong Kong electoral reform">2021 Hong Kong electoral reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Offices_(Candidacy_and_Taking_Up_Offices)_(Miscellaneous_Amendments)_Ordinance_2021" title="Public Offices (Candidacy and Taking Up Offices) (Miscellaneous Amendments) Ordinance 2021">Oath-taking rules law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Daily_raids_and_arrests" title="Apple Daily raids and arrests">Apple Daily raids and arrests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_July_police_stabbing" title="1 July police stabbing">Police stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2021 Hong Kong legislative election">7th Legislative Council elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand_News_raids_and_arrests" title="Stand News raids and arrests">Stand News raids and arrests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witman_Hung_partygate" title="Witman Hung partygate">Witman Hung partygate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2022 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">6th Chief Executive election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Xi_Jinping_visit_to_Hong_Kong" title="2022 Xi Jinping visit to Hong Kong">2022 Xi Jinping visit to Hong Kong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong">Removal of COVID-19 pandemic measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Abby_Choi" title="Murder of Abby Choi">Murder of Abby Choi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hong_Kong_electoral_changes" title="2023 Hong Kong electoral changes">2023 Hong Kong electoral changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Gay_Games" title="2023 Gay Games">2023 Gay Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Introduction of Safeguarding National Security Ordinance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ongoing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Mainland_China_conflict" title="Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict">Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_football_rivalry" title="China–Hong Kong football rivalry">football rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-parallel_trading_protests" title="Anti-parallel trading protests">anti-parallel trading protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leung_Chun-ying%E2%80%93UGL_agreement" title="Leung Chun-ying–UGL agreement">Leung Chun-ying–UGL agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li>National security law <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">2020</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Hong Kong electoral reform">2021 Hong Kong electoral reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hong_Kong_electoral_changes" title="2023 Hong Kong electoral changes">2023 Hong Kong electoral changes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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