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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-História" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#História"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>História</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-História-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção História</span> </button> <ul id="toc-História-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Independências_e_conflitos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independências_e_conflitos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Independências e conflitos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independências_e_conflitos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marcos_históricos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marcos_históricos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Marcos históricos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marcos_históricos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências_culturais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências_culturais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referências culturais</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências_culturais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cáucaso</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 130 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-130" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">130 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Къаукъаз — adigue" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Къаукъаз" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%8D%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%B6%E1%88%B5" title="ካውካሶስ — amárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካውካሶስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucas" title="Caucas — aragonês" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Caucas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus — inglês antigo" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglês antigo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="القوقاز — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القوقاز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="القوقاز — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القوقاز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_C%C3%A1ucasu" title="El Cáucasu — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="El Cáucasu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ — avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qafqaz" title="Qafqaz — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qafqaz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قافقاز — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قافقاز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Каўказ — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каўказ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Каўкаскія горы — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каўкаскія горы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кавказки регион — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кавказки регион" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8" title="कॉकेशस — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कॉकेशस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="ককেশাস — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ককেশাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaokaz" title="Kaokaz — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kaokaz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz_(regija)" title="Kavkaz (regija) — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kavkaz (regija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucas" title="Caucas — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caucas" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ — checheno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="checheno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%95%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قەوقاز — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قەوقاز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz_(region)" title="Kavkaz (region) — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kavkaz (region)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8A" title="Каѵкасъ — eslavo eclesiástico" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Каѵкасъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslavo eclesiástico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cawcasws_(ardal)" title="Cawcasws (ardal) — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cawcasws (ardal)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasien" title="Kaukasien — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kaukasien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasien" title="Kaukasien — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaukasien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofkas" title="Kofkas — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kofkas" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Καυκασία — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καυκασία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%ADkazio" title="Kaŭkazio — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaŭkazio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ucaso" title="Cáucaso — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cáucaso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukaasia" title="Kaukaasia — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaukaasia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasia" title="Kaukasia — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaukasia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قفقاز — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قفقاز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasia" title="Kaukasia — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaukasia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucase" title="Caucase — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caucase" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4caso" title="Côcaso — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Côcaso" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus_(Berger)" title="Kaukasus (Berger) — frísio setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kaukasus (Berger)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frísio setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9igi%C3%BAn_Chugais" title="Réigiún Chugais — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réigiún Chugais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabhcas" title="Cabhcas — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cabhcas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ucaso" title="Cáucaso — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cáucaso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قفقاز — Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="قفقاز" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1ukaso" title="Káukaso — guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Káukaso" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Choagaash" title="Yn Choagaash — manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Choagaash" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz" title="Kavkaz — hacá" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kavkaz" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hacá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%96" title="קווקז — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קווקז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="कॉकस — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कॉकस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz_(regija)" title="Kavkaz (regija) — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kavkaz (regija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauk%C3%A1zus_(r%C3%A9gi%C3%B3)" title="Kaukázus (régió) — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kaukázus (régió)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD" title="Կովկաս — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կովկաս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD" title="Կովկաս — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կովկաս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ — inguche" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukazia" title="Kaukazia — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kaukazia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1kasus" title="Kákasus — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kákasus" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucaso" title="Caucaso — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caucaso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%82%B9" title="コーカサス — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コーカサス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaokasus" title="Kaokasus — javanês" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kaokasus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კავკასია — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კავკასია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Къаукъаз — cabardiano" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къаукъаз" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="cabardiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಾಕಸಸ್ — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಕಸಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%85%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="캅카스 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캅카스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ — carachaio-bálcaro" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="carachaio-bálcaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qefqasya" title="Qefqasya — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qefqasya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Ккавкказ — Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ккавкказ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Къавкъаз — lezghiano" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Къавкъаз" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasos" title="Caucasos — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Caucasos" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasi%C3%AB" title="Kaukasië — limburguês" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kaukasië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukazas" title="Kaukazas — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaukazas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauk%C4%81zs" title="Kaukāzs — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kaukāzs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaokazy" title="Kaokazy — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kaokazy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="കൊക്കേഷ്യ — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൊക്കേഷ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8" title="कॉकेशस — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॉकेशस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قفقاز — mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="قفقاز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8" title="ककेसस — nepalês" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ककेसस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus_(gebied)" title="Kaukasus (gebied) — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaukasus (gebied)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasia" title="Kaukasia — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kaukasia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasia" title="Kaukasia — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kaukasia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauc%C3%A0s" title="Caucàs — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Caucàs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ — ossético" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossético" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC" title="ਕੋਹਕਾਫ਼ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਹਕਾਫ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koukeisiis" title="Koukeisiis — Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Koukeisiis" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukaz_(region)" title="Kaukaz (region) — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaukaz (region)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ucas" title="Càucas — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Càucas" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قفقاز — pastó" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قفقاز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucaz" title="Caucaz — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Caucaz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Хапхаас — sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хапхаас" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ucasu" title="Càucasu — sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Càucasu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasu" title="Caucasu — siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Caucasu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz_(region)" title="Kavkaz (region) — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kavkaz (region)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukaz_(geografick%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5)" title="Kaukaz (geografická oblasť) — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kaukaz (geografická oblasť)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavka%C5%A1ka_regija" title="Kavkaška regija — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kavkaška regija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasi" title="Kaukasi — shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kaukasi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qooqaas" title="Qooqaas — somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qooqaas" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukazi_(rajon)" title="Kaukazi (rajon) — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kaukazi (rajon)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Кавказ (регија) — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кавказ (регија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus — sundanês" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasien" title="Kaukasien — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kaukasien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="காக்கேசியா — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காக்கேசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="కాకసస్ — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాకసస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Қафқоз — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қафқоз" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="คอเคซัส — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอเคซัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawkaz" title="Kawkaz — turcomano" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kawkaz" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukaso" title="Kaukaso — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kaukaso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafkasya" title="Kafkasya — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kafkasya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaucasus" title="Kaucasus — uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Kaucasus" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قفقاز — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قفقاز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz" title="Kavkaz — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kavkaz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz" title="Kavkaz — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kavkaz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucaso" title="Caucaso — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Caucaso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="高加索" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus — xosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კავკაცია — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კავკაცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高加索" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="高加索" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18869#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços 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href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/C%C3%A1ucaso" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/C%C3%A1ucaso" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1ucaso&oldid=68897526" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1ucaso&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=C%C3%A1ucaso&id=68897526&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FC%25C3%25A1ucaso"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FC%25C3%25A1ucaso"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> 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0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Esta página cita fontes, mas não cobrem todo o conteúdo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Esta página <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=C%C3%A1ucaso">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=C%C3%A1ucaso&oq=C%C3%A1ucaso">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=C%C3%A1ucaso">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=C%C3%A1ucaso">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Abril de 2018</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b>Nota:</b> Para outros significados, veja <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ucaso_(desambigua%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cáucaso (desambiguação)">Cáucaso (desambiguação)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Caucasus-political_pt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Caucasus-political_pt.svg/400px-Caucasus-political_pt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="379" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Caucasus-political_pt.svg/600px-Caucasus-political_pt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Caucasus-political_pt.svg/800px-Caucasus-political_pt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption>Mapa político do Cáucaso.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cáucaso</b> e <b>Caucásia</b> (em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_russa" title="Língua russa">russo</a> <i>Кавказ</i> (<i>Kavkaz</i>), em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_turca" title="Língua turca">turco</a> <i>Kafkas</i> e em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_georgiana" title="Língua georgiana">georgiano</a> <i>კავკასია</i> (<i>K'avk'asia</i>), são nomes dados a uma região da <a href="/wiki/Leste_Europeu" title="Leste Europeu">Europa oriental</a> e da <a href="/wiki/%C3%81sia" title="Ásia">Ásia</a> ocidental, entre o <a href="/wiki/Mar" title="Mar">mar</a> <a href="/wiki/Mar_Negro" title="Mar Negro">Negro</a> e o mar <a href="/wiki/Mar_C%C3%A1spio" title="Mar Cáspio">Cáspio</a>, que inclui a <a href="/wiki/Cordilheira_do_C%C3%A1ucaso" title="Cordilheira do Cáucaso">cordilheira</a> do mesmo nome e as <a href="/wiki/Plan%C3%ADcie" title="Planície">planícies</a> adjacentes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Aquela região marca uma das fronteiras entre a <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> e a Ásia, fazendo com que alguns de seus <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs" title="País">países</a> sejam considerados <a href="/wiki/Na%C3%A7%C3%A3o_transcontinental" class="mw-redirect" title="Nação transcontinental">transcontinentais</a>, como a <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a>, cujos <a href="/wiki/Territ%C3%B3rio" title="Território">territórios</a> se dividem numa porção geograficamente europeia e outra asiática. A região é dividida em duas partes: uma norte e outra sul, respectivamente, <a href="/wiki/Ciscauc%C3%A1sia" title="Ciscaucásia">Ciscaucásia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Transcauc%C3%A1sia" title="Transcaucásia">Transcaucásia</a>. </p><p>Na região há jazidas de <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metais</a> não <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferrosos</a> e reservas de <a href="/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leo" title="Petróleo">petróleo</a> (Azerbaijão e regiões de <a href="/wiki/Maikop" title="Maikop">Maikop</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B3zni" title="Grózni">Grózni</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="História"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria"></span>História</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1ucaso&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: História" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1ucaso&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: História"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_do_C%C3%A1ucaso" title="História do Cáucaso">História do Cáucaso</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Caucasus03_la.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Caucasus03_la.png/330px-Caucasus03_la.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Caucasus03_la.png/495px-Caucasus03_la.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Caucasus03_la.png/660px-Caucasus03_la.png 2x" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption>Mapa histórico do Cáucaso antes do nascimento de Cristo</figcaption></figure> <p>Explorado pelos navegadores <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia_antiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Grécia antiga">gregos</a> de <a href="/wiki/Mileto" title="Mileto">Mileto</a>, no <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_VIII_a.C." title="Século VIII a.C.">século VIII a.C.</a>, o litoral do mar Negro é repleto de várias <a href="/wiki/Col%C3%B4nia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colônia">colônias</a>. No Cáucaso misturam-se influências <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rsia" title="Pérsia">persas</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1rtia" title="Pártia">partas</a> e <a href="/wiki/Roma_antiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma antiga">romanas</a>. Ponto de contato entre as civilizações <a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Bizantino" title="Império Bizantino">bizantina</a> e <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rabes" title="Árabes">árabe</a> durante a <a href="/wiki/Idade_M%C3%A9dia" title="Idade Média">Idade Média</a>, o Cáucaso caiu sob administração dos <a href="/wiki/Turcos_selj%C3%BAcidas" title="Turcos seljúcidas">turcos seljúcidas</a> no <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XI" title="Século XI">século XI</a>, e, no <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XIII" title="Século XIII">século XIII</a>, sofreu as invasões <a href="/wiki/Mong%C3%B3lia" title="Mongólia">mongóis</a>. Entre o século XI e o meio do século XIII, uma brilhante civilização prosperou nos reinos da <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9nia" title="Arménia">Armênia</a> e da <a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%B3rgia" title="Geórgia">Geórgia</a>. Após a tomada de <a href="/wiki/Constantinopla" title="Constantinopla">Constantinopla</a> em 1453, a região ficou isolada do mundo cristão e passou ao controle otomano no <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XVI" title="Século XVI">século XVI</a>. </p><p>A penetração russa no Cáucaso começou na mesma época, mas a <i>russificação</i> tornou-se efetiva somente no final do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XVIII" title="Século XVIII">século XVIII</a>; após a anexação da Geórgia (1801), a guerra contra a Pérsia e o <a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Otomano" title="Império Otomano">Império Otomano</a> (1805–1829) permite aos russos a conquista da região de <a href="/wiki/Erevan" class="mw-redirect" title="Erevan">Erevan</a>. A dura resistência das tribos das montanhas teve fim somente com a rendição, em 1859, do chefe <a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Islão">muçulmano</a> Chamyl. Os territórios caucasianos, onde haviam sido criadas em 1917 as repúblicas socialistas da Geórgia, da Armênia e do <a href="/wiki/Azerbaij%C3%A3o" title="Azerbaijão">Azerbaijão</a>, foram, de julho de 1942 a janeiro de 1943, o teatro de uma vasta ofensiva <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemã</a>, cujo objetivo era o controle dos campos <a href="/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leo" title="Petróleo">petrolíferos</a> de <a href="/wiki/Baku" class="mw-redirect" title="Baku">Baku</a>. Do fim da <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a> ao desmantelamento da <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_das_Rep%C3%BAblicas_Socialistas_Sovi%C3%A9ticas" class="mw-redirect" title="União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas">União Soviética</a> (<i>URSS</i>), os países do Cáucaso seguiram a história da URSS. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independências_e_conflitos"><span id="Independ.C3.AAncias_e_conflitos"></span>Independências e conflitos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1ucaso&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Independências e conflitos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1ucaso&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Independências e conflitos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Conflitos_no_C%C3%A1ucaso" title="Conflitos no Cáucaso">Conflitos no Cáucaso</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Caucasus.A2001306.0815.250m.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Caucasus.A2001306.0815.250m.jpg/330px-Caucasus.A2001306.0815.250m.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Caucasus.A2001306.0815.250m.jpg/495px-Caucasus.A2001306.0815.250m.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Caucasus.A2001306.0815.250m.jpg/660px-Caucasus.A2001306.0815.250m.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>O Cáucaso, visto de um <a href="/wiki/Sat%C3%A9lite_artificial" title="Satélite artificial">satélite</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Após 1991, o desaparecimento da URSS permitiu a criação de três novos estados (Armênia, Geórgia e Azerbaijão), enquanto as seis repúblicas ciscaucasianas permaneceram no seio da <a href="/wiki/Federa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Russa" class="mw-redirect" title="Federação Russa">Federação Russa</a>. As três novas repúblicas foram confrontadas a graves dificuldades econômicas e são vítimas de múltiplos conflitos: a Armênia e o Azerbaijão disputam o controle do <a href="/wiki/Karabak" class="mw-redirect" title="Karabak">Karabak</a>, região do Azerbaijão, reclamada e ocupada pela Armênia em desrespeito aos tratados por ela assinados, enquanto a Geórgia deve enfrentar o separatismo na <a href="/wiki/Abec%C3%A1sia" title="Abecásia">Abecásia</a>, assim como na <a href="/wiki/Oss%C3%A9tia_do_Sul" title="Ossétia do Sul">Ossétia do Sul</a>. </p><p>Além disso, no território da Federação Russa, um conflito explodiu em dezembro de 1994 na <a href="/wiki/Chech%C3%AAnia" title="Chechênia">Chechênia</a>, onde as forças armadas russas tentam submeter pela força os nacionalistas chechenos do general Djokar Doudaiev, que recusam a adesão à Federação Russa e reclamam independência social e econômica do país. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marcos_históricos"><span id="Marcos_hist.C3.B3ricos"></span>Marcos históricos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1ucaso&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Marcos históricos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1ucaso&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Marcos históricos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Conquista do Cáucaso pela <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoc%C3%ADdio_arm%C3%AAnio" title="Genocídio armênio">Genocídio armênio</a>;</li> <li>1991: Restabelecimento da independência de Armênia, Geórgia e do Azerbaijão.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referências_culturais"><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias_culturais"></span>Referências culturais</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1ucaso&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Referências culturais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1ucaso&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Referências culturais"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_grega" title="Mitologia grega">mitologia</a>, o <i>Cáucaso</i> era um dos pilares do mundo. Ali, <a href="/wiki/Prometeu" title="Prometeu">Prometeu</a> foi acorrentado por <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>. O poeta <a href="/wiki/Roma_Antiga" title="Roma Antiga">romano</a> <a href="/wiki/Ov%C3%ADdio" title="Ovídio">Ovídio</a> situava o Cáucaso na <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADtia" title="Cítia">Cítia</a> e descrevia suas montanhas como frias, pedregosas e personificadoras da fome. No mesmo estilo, a canção de <a href="/wiki/Loreena_McKennitt" title="Loreena McKennitt">Loreena McKennitt</a> "Night Ride Across the Caucasus" descreve vagamente aquela região. Ele fala do Cáucaso, de como são as montanhas, o clima e os povos que lá vivem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1ucaso&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1ucaso&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cordilheira_do_C%C3%A1ucaso" title="Cordilheira do Cáucaso">Cordilheira do Cáucaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciscauc%C3%A1sia" title="Ciscaucásia">Ciscaucásia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcauc%C3%A1sia" title="Transcaucásia">Transcaucásia</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cáucaso in Artigos de apoio Infopédia [em linha]. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003-2019. [consult. 2019-09-16 02:00:35]. Disponível na Internet: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.infopedia.pt/apoio/artigos/$caucaso">https://www.infopedia.pt/apoio/artigos/$caucaso</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1ucaso&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1ucaso&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint" style="width:250px; line-height:2.2em; font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr style="line-height:1.3em"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Outros projetos <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a> também contêm material sobre este tema: </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Caucasus" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/32px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Caucasus" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Caucasus"><span title="Procurar por imagens e mídia no Commons"><b>Imagens e <i>media</i></b></span></a> no <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal"><span title="Commons">Commons</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Caucasus" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/32px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Caucasus" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Caucasus"><span title="Procurar pelas categorias no Commons"><b>Categoria</b></span></a> no <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal"><span title="Commons">Commons</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/C%C3%A1ucaso" title="Wikivoyage"><img alt="Wikivoyage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/21px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/42px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="https://pt.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/C%C3%A1ucaso" class="extiw" title="voy:Special:Search/Cáucaso"><span title="Procurar por guias turísticos no Wikivoyage"><b>Guia turístico</b></span></a> no <a href="https://pt.wikivoyage.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="voy:Página principal"><span title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</span></a> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div id="interProject" style="display:none;"> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Caucasus" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Caucasus"><span title="Commons">Commons</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Caucasus" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Caucasus"><span title="Commons (categoria)">Commons</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/C%C3%A1ucaso" class="extiw" title="voy:Special:Search/Cáucaso"><span title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</span></a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/commonwealth/ethnocaucasus.jpg">Ethnolinguistic Groups in the Caucasus Region</a> (em 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica" title="América">América</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_do_Norte" title="América do Norte">Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Central" title="América Central">Central</a> <sup> (<a href="/wiki/Caribe" title="Caribe">Caribe</a>) </sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_do_Sul" title="América do Sul">Sul</a> <sup> (<a href="/wiki/Cone_Sul" title="Cone Sul">Cone Sul</a>) </sup> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina" title="América Latina">Latina</a> </small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Anglo-Sax%C3%B4nica" title="América Anglo-Saxônica">Anglo</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%81sia" title="Ásia">Ásia</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81sia_Central" title="Ásia Central">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81sia_Oriental" title="Ásia Oriental">Oriente</a> <sup>(<a href="/wiki/Extremo_Oriente" title="Extremo Oriente">Extremo Oriente</a>)</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81sia_Setentrional" title="Ásia Setentrional">Norte</a> <sup> (<a href="/wiki/Sib%C3%A9ria" title="Sibéria">Sibéria</a>) </sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81sia_Meridional" title="Ásia Meridional">Sul</a> <sup> (<a href="/wiki/Subcontinente_indiano" title="Subcontinente indiano">Subcontinente indiano</a>) </sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudeste_Asi%C3%A1tico" title="Sudeste Asiático">Sudeste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudoeste_Asi%C3%A1tico" title="Sudoeste Asiático">Sudoeste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Ocidental" title="Europa Ocidental">Ocidente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Central" title="Europa Central">Centro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leste_Europeu" title="Leste Europeu">Oriente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Setentrional" title="Europa Setentrional">Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_meridional" title="Europa meridional">Sul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:50%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: transparent;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Middle_East_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9dio_Oriente" title="Médio Oriente">Oriente Médio</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A1bia" title="Arábia">Península Arábica</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cáucaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levante_(Mediterr%C3%A2neo)" title="Levante (Mediterrâneo)">Levante</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: transparent;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Oceania_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austral%C3%A1sia" title="Australásia">Australásia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melan%C3%A9sia" title="Melanésia">Melanésia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micron%C3%A9sia" title="Micronésia">Micronésia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polin%C3%A9sia" title="Polinésia">Polinésia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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