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href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Permalink" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>registrati</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Permalink" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Funzionalità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funzionalità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Funzionalità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funzionalità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_formati_più_diffusi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_formati_più_diffusi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>I formati più diffusi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_formati_più_diffusi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formattazione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formattazione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Formattazione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formattazione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Permalink</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 22 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85" title="رابط دائم - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رابط دائم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlla%C3%A7_permanent" title="Enllaç permanent - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enllaç permanent" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink" title="Permalink - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Permalink" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink" title="Permalink - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Permalink" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink" title="Permalink - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Permalink" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlace_permanente" title="Enlace permanente - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enlace permanente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink" title="Permalink - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Permalink" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%DB%8C" title="پیوند دائمی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیوند دائمی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalien" title="Permalien - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Permalien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink" title="Permalink - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Permalink" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF" title="パーマリンク - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パーマリンク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8D%BC%EB%A8%B8%EB%A7%81%ED%81%AC" title="퍼머링크 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="퍼머링크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink" title="Permalink - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Permalink" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_lenke" title="Permanent lenke - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Permanent lenke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odno%C5%9Bnik_bezpo%C5%9Bredni" title="Odnośnik bezpośredni - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Odnośnik bezpośredni" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_permanente" title="Ligação permanente - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ligação permanente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Постоянная ссылка - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Постоянная ссылка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink" title="Permalink - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Permalink" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_l%C3%A4nk" title="Permanent länk - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Permanent länk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink" title="Permalink - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Permalink" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doimiy_link" title="Doimiy link - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Doimiy link" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="固定链接 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="固定链接" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1048975#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Permalink" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Permalink" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Permalink"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Permalink"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Permalink" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Permalink" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&oldid=134933466" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Permalink&id=134933466&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPermalink"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPermalink"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Permalink"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Permalink&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1048975" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>Un <b>permalink</b> o <b>collegamento permanente</b> è un tipo di <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</a> che si riferisce a una specifica informazione, implementato in modo da non cambiare o almeno da rimanere lo stesso per lunghi periodi di tempo. Il termine è spesso impiegato nell'ambito dei <a href="/wiki/Weblog" class="mw-redirect" title="Weblog">blog</a> per indicare il <a href="/wiki/Collegamento_ipertestuale" title="Collegamento ipertestuale">link</a> ad un determinato <a href="/wiki/Post" title="Post">post</a>. </p><p>La stabilità dei link è una proprietà auspicabile quando è probabile che i contenuti vengano citati e ne venga fatto un collegamento da fonti esterne all'organizzazione originale oppure quando nell'ambito della stessa organizzazione la complessità del sito web cresce oltre le poche pagine. In particolare, nell'ambito di grossi siti commerciali gestiti mediante <a href="/wiki/Content_Management_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Content Management System">Content Management System</a> che si appoggia ad un <a href="/wiki/Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Database">database</a> è necessario definire delle politiche di progettazione degli URL e di permanenza dei collegamenti. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funzionalità"><span id="Funzionalit.C3.A0"></span>Funzionalità</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Funzionalità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Funzionalità"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I primi weblog erano costituiti solamente da pagine <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> statiche. Non esistevano collegamenti alle varie voci di per sé; gli utenti erano costretti a scorrere l'elenco per trovare quello che desideravano. Se l'autore era solito inserire molte voci, solitamente una voce specifica rimaneva disponibile solo per pochi giorni. Prima dell'introduzione dei permalink (intorno al 1999), gli utenti del web spesso si accorgevano che gli URL salvati che si riferivano a voci specifiche dopo qualche tempo diventavano inutili. Questo fenomeno divenne particolarmente evidente quando i siti web professionali cominciarono a migrare da schemi di URL interni basati su directory contenenti le pagine web statiche verso uno schema completamente dinamico dove le pagine richieste erano create sul momento a partire dal database contenente le informazioni. </p><p>In questi casi i nomi apparivano quasi senza senso spesso costituiti da numeri interi costituenti l'identificativo interno al database. Quando gli articoli venivano spostati, cancellati o creati la corrispondenza univoca con l'identificativo del database era persa e quindi un collegamento dopo breve tempo non poteva più essere utilizzato facendovi riferimento diretto. </p><p>I permalink sono tipicamente costituiti da stringhe di caratteri che rappresentano data ed ora dell'inserimento e qualche altro identificativo dipendente dal sistema (che include di solito l'URL base e l'autore). Se un articolo viene modificato, rinominato o spostato, il suo permalink rimane lo stesso. Se un articolo viene cancellato, il suo permalink non può più essere riutilizzato. </p><p>I permalink sono in seguito stati affiancati da altre innovazioni come il link tracking ed il link <a href="/wiki/Trackback" title="Trackback">trackback</a> nei weblog o nell'utilizzo dell'<a href="/wiki/RSS" title="RSS">RSS</a> o di <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atom</a> nei <a href="/wiki/Feed" title="Feed">feed</a>. </p><p>Il <i><a href="/wiki/National_Bibliography_Number" title="National Bibliography Number">National Bibliography Number</a></i> (NBN) è uno <a href="/wiki/Norma_tecnica" title="Norma tecnica">standard</a> tecnico internazionale, che consente di creare degli identificativi persistenti per le risorse digitali su Internet. È gestito dalle biblioteche nazionali dei singoli Paesi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_formati_più_diffusi"><span id="I_formati_pi.C3.B9_diffusi"></span>I formati più diffusi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione I formati più diffusi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: I formati più diffusi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I permalink sono supportati nella maggior parte dei sistemi di weblogging e nei software di content syndication system, inclusi <a href="/wiki/Movable_Type" title="Movable Type">Movable Type</a>, <a href="/wiki/LiveJournal" title="LiveJournal">LiveJournal</a>, <a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blogger_(piattaforma)" title="Blogger (piattaforma)">Blogger</a> e "Il Cannocchiale". </p><p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">All'interno di un <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a> il permalink contiene solamente l'indirizzo del sito e il titolo della pagina web-articolo, e quindi non identifica univocamente una risorsa, della quale possono esserci diverse versioni. Le altre informazioni contenute in un permalink sono trattate come proprietà della risorsa, visibili in una scheda collegata "Cronologia" che contiene nome dell'autore, indirizzo IP di chi pubblica, data della pubblicazione e indice delle modifiche.</span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">senza fonte</a></i>]</sup> Gli autori di software per il blogging o i siti web che ospitano weblog non hanno concordato un unico formato standard per i permalink e non lo faranno mai perché alcune meta-informazioni su un articolo dovrebbero essere ricavate dal flusso RSS associato o dai <meta> tag nell'articolo stesso. In definitiva, anche se le varie implementazioni di permalink svolgono lo stesso ruolo, le soluzioni adottate sono diverse. </p><p><b>Movable Type e typepad.com:</b> </p> <pre> http://<nome utente>.typepad.com/<nome utente>/<anno su 4 cifre>/<mese su 2 cifre>/<nome di 15 caratteri>.html </pre> <p><b>Blogspot:</b> </p> <pre> http://<nome utente>.blogspot.com/<anno su 4 cifre>/<mese su 2 cifre>/<nome dell'articolo>.html </pre> <p><b>Wordpress:</b> </p> <pre> http://<prefisso specifico del sito>/<anno su 4 cifre>/<mese su 2 cifre>/<giorno su 2 cifre>/<nome dell'articolo>/ </pre> <p><b>LiveJournal / bloglines:</b> </p> <pre> http://www.livejournal.com/users/<nome utente>/<identificativo univoco>.html </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formattazione">Formattazione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Formattazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Formattazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le voci dei blog seguono questo schema: </p> <ul><li>Titolo</li> <li>Data</li> <li>Voce</li> <li>Commenti, permalink e la categoria nella quale la voce è stata inserita (conosciuta come <a href="/wiki/Metadata" class="mw-redirect" title="Metadata">metadata</a>)</li></ul> <p>I permalink sono solitamente rappresentati come testo (p.e. "Permalink" o "Collegamento a questa Entry") ma a volte viene utilizzato un simbolo. I simboli maggiormente utilizzati sono il simbolo della sterlina o il "#". In alcuni siti web si può utilizzare un simbolo di "<a href="/wiki/Trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Trademark">trademark</a>", un <a href="/wiki/Asterisco" title="Asterisco">asterisco</a> o un trattino. A volte il carattere di trademark è usato come permalink stesso. Recentemente, si è cominciato ad utilizzare il titolo della voce come permalink. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preservazione_digitale" title="Preservazione digitale">Preservazione digitale</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">Digital object identifier</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060814185833/http://www.plasticbag.org/archives/2003/06/on_permalinks_and_paradigms/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Storia e critica dei permalink</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">plasticbag.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 3 febbraio 2005</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.plasticbag.org/archives/2003/06/on_permalinks_and_paradigms">url originale</abbr> il 14 agosto 2006)</small>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Applications-internet.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Internet"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Applications-internet.svg/25px-Applications-internet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Applications-internet.svg/38px-Applications-internet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Applications-internet.svg/50px-Applications-internet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Internet" title="Portale:Internet">Portale Internet</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di internet</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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