CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"e4f19e0a-b479-4964-9535-ef9c55480577","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)","wgTitle":"Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)","wgCurRevisionId":1257936249,"wgRevisionId":1257936249,"wgArticleId":43017225,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: unfit URL","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from June 2014","CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)","Webarchive template archiveis links","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from June 2014", "Articles containing Arabic-language text","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2014","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2014","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014","Coordinates on Wikidata","Conflicts in 2014","2014 in Iraqi Kurdistan","Military operations of the Iraqi Civil War in 2014","Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the Peshmerga","Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant","Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the United States","Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving Hezbollah","Battles involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Iraqi Kurdistan","Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the PKK","History of Diyala Governorate","History of Kirkuk Governorate","21st century in Nineveh Governorate", "History of Saladin Governorate","June 2014 events in Iraq"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)","wgRelevantArticleId":43017225,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":36.3372,"lon":43.1358},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q17144192","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Islamic_State_Offensive_in_Iraq_%28June_2014%29.png/1200px-Islamic_State_Offensive_in_Iraq_%28June_2014%29.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1022"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Islamic_State_Offensive_in_Iraq_%28June_2014%29.png/800px-Islamic_State_Offensive_in_Iraq_%28June_2014%29.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="681"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Islamic_State_Offensive_in_Iraq_%28June_2014%29.png/640px-Islamic_State_Offensive_in_Iraq_%28June_2014%29.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="545"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Northern_Iraq_offensive_June_2014 rootpage-Northern_Iraq_offensive_June_2014 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Northern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Northern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Northern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Northern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possible_causes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_causes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Possible causes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_causes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Offensive </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Offensive-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Offensive subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assault_on_Samarra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assault_on_Samarra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Assault on Samarra </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assault_on_Samarra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fall_of_Mosul_and_push_into_Kirkuk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fall_of_Mosul_and_push_into_Kirkuk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Fall of Mosul and push into Kirkuk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fall_of_Mosul_and_push_into_Kirkuk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conquest_of_Baiji_and_Tikrit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conquest_of_Baiji_and_Tikrit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Conquest of Baiji and Tikrit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conquest_of_Baiji_and_Tikrit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advance_towards_Baghdad_and_into_Diyala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advance_towards_Baghdad_and_into_Diyala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Advance towards Baghdad and into Diyala </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advance_towards_Baghdad_and_into_Diyala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_counter-attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_counter-attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Government counter-attack </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_counter-attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renewed_ISIL_advance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewed_ISIL_advance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Renewed ISIL advance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewed_ISIL_advance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Army_Tikrit_counter-offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Army_Tikrit_counter-offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Army Tikrit counter-offensive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Army_Tikrit_counter-offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_ISIL_offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_ISIL_offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 August ISIL offensive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_ISIL_offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consequences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consequences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Consequences </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Consequences-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Consequences subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Consequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proclamation_of_a_Caliphate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proclamation_of_a_Caliphate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Proclamation of a Caliphate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proclamation_of_a_Caliphate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kurdish_referendum_for_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kurdish_referendum_for_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Kurdish referendum for independence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurdish_referendum_for_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Massacre_of_minorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Massacre_of_minorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Massacre of minorities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Massacre_of_minorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Reactions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reactions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Domestic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Shia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sunni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sunni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2 Sunni </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sunni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kurdish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kurdish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.3 Kurdish </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurdish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 International reactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Others </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" > 20 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_(%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_2014)" title="هجوم شمال العراق (حزيران 2014) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هجوم شمال العراق (حزيران 2014)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B4)" title="قوزئی عیراق سالدیریسی (۲۰۱۴) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قوزئی عیراق سالدیریسی (۲۰۱۴)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%86%D0%94%D0%86%D0%9B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8B_%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%87%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_2014)" title="Наступленне ІДІЛ на поўначы Ірака (чэрвень 2014) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Наступленне ІДІЛ на поўначы Ірака (чэрвень 2014)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irakkrise_2014" title="Irakkrise 2014 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Irakkrise 2014" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA_%CF%84%CE%BF_2014" title="Κρίση στο Ιράκ το 2014 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρίση στο Ιράκ το 2014" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak_iparreko_erasoaldia_(2014ko_ekaina)" title="Irak iparreko erasoaldia (2014ko ekaina) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irak iparreko erasoaldia (2014ko ekaina)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B4)" title="حمله به شمال عراق (۲۰۱۴) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حمله به شمال عراق (۲۰۱۴)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%EB%85%84_6%EC%9B%94_%EB%B6%81%EB%B6%80_%EC%9D%B4%EB%9D%BC%ED%81%AC_%EA%B3%B5%EC%84%B8" title="2014년 6월 북부 이라크 공세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2014년 6월 북부 이라크 공세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_Irak_Utara_(Juni_2014)" title="Serangan Irak Utara (Juni 2014) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serangan Irak Utara (Juni 2014)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A7_(2014)" title="מתקפת המדינה האסלאמית בצפון עיראק (2014) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתקפת המדינה האסלאמית בצפון עיראק (2014)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89szak-iraki_offenz%C3%ADva_(2014._j%C3%BAnius)" title="Észak-iraki offenzíva (2014. június) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Észak-iraki offenzíva (2014. június)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_contra_o_norte_do_Iraque_em_2014" title="Ofensiva contra o norte do Iraque em 2014 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ofensiva contra o norte do Iraque em 2014" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_din_nordul_Irakului_din_2014" title="Ofensiva din nordul Irakului din 2014 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ofensiva din nordul Irakului din 2014" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C_2014)" title="Наступление ИГИЛ на севере Ирака (июнь 2014) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Наступление ИГИЛ на севере Ирака (июнь 2014)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F_%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="2014 வட ஈராக் தாக்குதல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="2014 வட ஈராக் தாக்குதல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzey_Irak_Taarruzu_(Haziran_2014)" title="Kuzey Irak Taarruzu (Haziran 2014) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuzey Irak Taarruzu (Haziran 2014)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83_(2014)" title="Наступ у Північному Іраку (2014) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Наступ у Північному Іраку (2014)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cu%E1%BB%99c_n%E1%BB%95i_d%E1%BA%ADy_B%E1%BA%AFc_Iraq_2014" title="Cuộc nổi dậy Bắc Iraq 2014 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cuộc nổi dậy Bắc Iraq 2014" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" title="伊拉克北部內戰 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊拉克北部內戰" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E5%B9%B4%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" title="2014年伊拉克北部內戰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="2014年伊拉克北部內戰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17144192#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&oldid=1257936249" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Northern_Iraq_offensive_%28June_2014%29&id=1257936249&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNorthern_Iraq_offensive_%28June_2014%29">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNorthern_Iraq_offensive_%28June_2014%29">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Northern_Iraq_offensive_%28June_2014%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17144192" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&params=36.3372_N_43.1358_E_source:wikidata">36°20′14″N 43°08′09″E / 36.3372°N 43.1358°E / 36.3372; 43.1358</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">ISIL military offensive in northern Iraq against Iraqi government (2014)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_Offensive_in_Iraq_(June_2014).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Islamic_State_Offensive_in_Iraq_%28June_2014%29.png/380px-Islamic_State_Offensive_in_Iraq_%28June_2014%29.png" decoding="async" width="380" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Islamic_State_Offensive_in_Iraq_%28June_2014%29.png/570px-Islamic_State_Offensive_in_Iraq_%28June_2014%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Islamic_State_Offensive_in_Iraq_%28June_2014%29.png/760px-Islamic_State_Offensive_in_Iraq_%28June_2014%29.png 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="6813" /></a> Map of the offensive</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>4–25 June 2014 (2 weeks and 6 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Governorate" title="Nineveh Governorate">Nineveh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk_Governorate" title="Kirkuk Governorate">Kirkuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saladin_Governorate" title="Saladin Governorate">Saladin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Diyala_Governorate" title="Diyala Governorate">Diyala</a> Governorates</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Islamic State victory <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Division_(Iraq)" title="2nd Division (Iraq)">2nd</a>, <a href="/wiki/3rd_Division_(Iraq)" title="3rd Division (Iraq)">3rd</a>, <a href="/wiki/4th_Division_(Iraq)" title="4th Division (Iraq)">4th</a> Iraqi Army divisions destroyed<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li> <li>Islamic State <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a> proclaimed, with <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> named as the Caliph</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State</a>, persecution of <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State">Christians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Shias by ISIL">Shia Muslims</a> by the Islamic State</li> <li>Iraqi forces and allies launch a full-scale counter-offensive to recapture lost territory in early 2015<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial changes</th><td> <li>Iraqi Government loses significant territories in northern Iraq to the Islamic State, including the region from Mosul to Tikrit and Tal Afar along with parts of Kirkuk and Diyala Governorates.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li> <li>Islamic State comes within 25 kilometers (15 miles) from the centre of the capital city Baghdad.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li> <li>A government counter-offensive leads to the recapture of territory north and west of Baghdad.<a href="#cite_note-carrier-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Regional_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Regional Government">Kurdish forces</a> take control of <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk_Governorate" title="Kirkuk Governorate">Kirkuk</a>, parts of northern <a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Governorate" title="Nineveh Governorate">Nineveh</a> and north-eastern <a href="/wiki/Diyala_Governorate" title="Diyala Governorate">Diyala</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Republic of Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_security_forces" title="Iraqi security forces">Security forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Volunteer_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Volunteer Forces">Iraqi Volunteer Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Iraq" title="Shia Islam in Iraq">Shi'ite</a> <a href="/wiki/Private_militias_in_Iraq" title="Private militias in Iraq">private militias</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi_Army" title="Mahdi Army">Mahdi Army</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people"><img alt="Assyrian people" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Assyrians_%28gold_and_blue_Assur%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Assyrians_%28gold_and_blue_Assur%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Assyrians_%28gold_and_blue_Assur%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Assyrians_%28gold_and_blue_Assur%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Assyrians_%28gold_and_blue_Assur%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Assyrians_%28gold_and_blue_Assur%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Assyrian/Syriac forces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council" title="Syriac Military Council">Syriac Military Council</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaraqosh_Protection_Committee" title="Qaraqosh Protection Committee">Qaraqosh Protection Committee</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units" title="Nineveh Plain Protection Units">Nineveh Plain Protection Units</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> (limited involvement) <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="350" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Air_Force" title="Syrian Air Force">Syrian Air Force</a><a href="#cite_note-syria-6">[6]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Supported by: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-10">[10]</a> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Kurdistan Region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a><a href="#cite_note-peshmerga-11">[11]</a></li></ul> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a> (PKK)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a>:<a href="#cite_note-newname-12">[12]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Logo_of_the_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg/23px-Logo_of_the_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Logo_of_the_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg/35px-Logo_of_the_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Logo_of_the_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg/46px-Logo_of_the_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="278" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Army_in_Iraq" title="Islamic Army in Iraq">Islamic Army in Iraq</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Army_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Army (Iraq)">Jaish al-Mujahideen</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Rashideen" title="Jaish al-Rashideen">Jaish al-Rashideen</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/1920_Revolution_Brigades" title="1920 Revolution Brigades">1920 Revolution Brigades</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Naqshbandi Army</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Emblem_of_the_General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries.svg/15px-Emblem_of_the_General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Emblem_of_the_General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries.svg/23px-Emblem_of_the_General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Emblem_of_the_General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries.svg/30px-Emblem_of_the_General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="284" /> <a href="/wiki/General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries" title="General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries">GMCIR</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Abboud_Qanbar" title="Abboud Qanbar">Abboud Qanbar</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Babaker_Zebari" title="Babaker Zebari">Babaker Zebari</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Ghaidan_Majid" title="Ali Ghaidan Majid">Ali Ghaidan</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mahdi_Al-Gharrawi" title="Mahdi Al-Gharrawi">Mahdi Al-Gharrawi</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sabah_Al-Fatlawi" title="Sabah Al-Fatlawi">Sabah Al-Fatlawi</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani" title="Qasem Soleimani">Qasem Soleimani</a> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Masoud_Barzani" title="Masoud Barzani">Masoud Barzani</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jaafar_Sheikh_Mustafa" title="Jaafar Sheikh Mustafa">Jaafar Sheikh Mustafa</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sirwan_Barzani" title="Sirwan Barzani">Sirwan Barzani</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahoz_Erdal" title="Bahoz Erdal">Bahoz Erdal</a> </td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdulrahman_al-Bilawi" title="Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi">Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Amir Mohammed Abdul Rahman al-Mawli al-Salbi</a><a href="#cite_note-al-Qurashi-30">[30]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri">Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Naqshbandi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Naqshbandi Army">JRTN</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 250,000 federal soldiers<a href="#cite_note-Peter_Beaumont-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> 10,000 federal police 30,000 local police 2,000 Iranian Quds Force<a href="#cite_note-Guardian1-33">[33]</a> 1,000 U.S. Troops<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <hr /> 190,000 Kurdish peshmerga<a href="#cite_note-Peter_Beaumont-31">[31]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a>: 7,000<a href="#cite_note-Peter_Beaumont-31">[31]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Iraq: 2,452 killed (1,566 executed)<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> 90,000 deserted<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> 1,900 captured<a href="#cite_note-team-up-37">[37]</a> Iran: 4 killed<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> </td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Islamic State: 3,106 killed<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1,235–1,265 civilians killed (by 25 June)<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1,000,000+ displaced<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> 95 Turkish civilians taken prisoner<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_in_Iraq_(2013–2017)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Template:Campaignbox War in Iraq (2013–2017)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox War in Iraq (2013–2017)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox War in Iraq (2013–2017)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_in_Iraq_(2013–2017)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Battles and operations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Anbar campaign (2013–2014)">1st Anbar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Fallujah" title="Fall of Fallujah">1st Fallujah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1st Northern Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul" title="Fall of Mosul">1st Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badush_prison_massacre" title="Badush prison massacre">Badush prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Speicher_massacre" title="Camp Speicher massacre">Camp Speicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2014)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2014)">1st Kirkuk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">2nd Northern Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makhmour" title="Battle of Makhmour">Makhmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">1st Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Mosul_Dam" title="Battle for Mosul Dam">Mosul Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sharfadin_Temple" title="Battle of Sharfadin Temple">Sharfadin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musab_bin_Umair_mosque_massacre" title="Musab bin Umair mosque massacre">Musab bin Umair mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suq_al_Ghazi" title="Battle of Suq al Ghazi">Suq al-Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saqlawiyah" title="Siege of Saqlawiyah">Saqlawiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_H%C4%ABt_(2014)" title="Fall of Hīt (2014)">1st Hīt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Jurf_Al_Sakhar" title="Liberation of Jurf Al Sakhar">Jurf al-Sakhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baiji" title="Fall of Baiji">1st Baiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Siege of Amirli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">1st Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">2nd Baiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">3rd Baiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhuluiya_offensive" title="Dhuluiya offensive">Dhuluiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">2nd Tikrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">1st Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">2nd Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosul_offensive_(2015)" title="Mosul offensive (2015)">2nd Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2015)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2015)">2nd Kirkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Karmah_offensive" title="Al-Karmah offensive">Al-Karmah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Anbar campaign (2015–2016)">2nd Anbar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">2nd Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">2nd Fallujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">2nd Hīt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Ar-Rutbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">3rd Fallujah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">3rd Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Nineveh Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirqat_offensive_(2016)" title="Shirqat offensive (2016)">Shirqat offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">3rd Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">4th Mosul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mosul_airstrike" title="2017 Mosul airstrike">Mosul airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Nineveh_offensive_(2017)" title="Western Nineveh offensive (2017)">Western Nineveh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2016)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2016)">3rd Kirkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_al-Alil_massacre" title="Hamam al-Alil massacre">Hamam al-Alil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_clashes_(2017)" title="Sinjar clashes (2017)">4th Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">Turkish Sinjar airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Tal Afar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Anbar_offensive_(2017)" title="Western Anbar offensive (2017)">Western Anbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2017)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2017)">4th Kirkuk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">Western Iraq</a></li></ul> <hr /> Major insurgent attacks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hillah_bombing" title="2014 Hillah bombing">1st Hillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Baghdad_bombings" title="February 2015 Baghdad bombings">1st Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Khan_Bani_Saad_bombing" title="2015 Khan Bani Saad bombing">Khan Bani Saad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2015_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2015 Baghdad bombing">2nd Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Iraq_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2016 Iraq attacks">Sharaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ramadi_bombing" title="2016 Ramadi bombing">Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Mosul_massacre" title="2016 Mosul massacre">Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Baghdad bombings">3rd Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miqdadiyah_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miqdadiyah bombing">Miqdadiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing" title="March 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing">2nd Hillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandariya_suicide_bombing" title="Iskandariya suicide bombing">Iskandariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2016_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="April 2016 Baghdad bombing">4th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samawa_bombing" title="2016 Samawa bombing">Samawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="11 May 2016 Baghdad bombings">5th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_fan_club_massacres" title="Real Madrid fan club massacres">1st Balad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Taji_gas_plant_attack" title="2016 Taji gas plant attack">Taji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Baghdad bombings">6th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Karrada_bombing" title="2016 Karrada bombing">7th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Hadi_Mausoleum_attack" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum attack">2nd Balad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_September_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="9 September 2016 Baghdad bombings">8th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Baghdad_attacks" title="October 2016 Baghdad attacks">9th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing" title="November 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing">3rd Hillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2016 Baghdad bombings">10th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2,_2017,_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2, 2017, Baghdad bombings">11th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Tikrit_attacks" title="2017 Tikrit attacks">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faqma_ice_cream_parlor_bombing" title="Al-Faqma ice cream parlor bombing">12th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nasiriyah_attacks" title="2017 Nasiriyah attacks">Nasiriyah</a></li></ul> <hr /> Foreign interventions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian-led intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">American-led intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">Shader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Okra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">Chammal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact" title="Operation Impact">Impact</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> IS genocide of minorities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State">Christian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Yazidi genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State">Shia genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Turkmen genocide</a></li></ul> <hr /> IS war crimes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_executions_in_Islamic_State-occupied_Mosul" title="Mass executions in Islamic State-occupied Mosul">Mosul executions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_chemical_weapons_in_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Use of chemical weapons in the War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Chemical weapons</a></li></ul> <hr /> Timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Iraqi_insurgency_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Iraqi insurgency (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2015)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2016)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2017)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2017)">2017</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> The Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014) began on 4 June 2014, when the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and Levant</a>, assisted by various insurgent groups in the region, began a major offensive from its territory in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> into <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> against <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Iraq" title="Federal government of Iraq">Iraqi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdish</a> forces, following earlier clashes that had begun in December 2013 involving guerillas. The Islamic State and its allies captured several cities and surrounding territory, beginning with an attack on <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a> on 4 June, followed by the seizure of <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a> on 10 June, and <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a> on 11 June. As Iraqi government forces fled south on 13 June, <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Regional_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Regional Government">Kurdistan Regional Government</a> forces took control of the oil hub of <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk" title="Kirkuk">Kirkuk</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Disputed_territories_of_Northern_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Disputed territories of Northern Iraq">disputed territories of Northern Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kirkuk-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The Islamic State called the battles of Mosul and <a href="/wiki/Saladin_Governorate" title="Saladin Governorate">Saladin Governorate</a> "the Battle of the Lion of God al-Bilawi" (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: غزوة أسد الله البيلاوي), in honor of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdulrahman_al-Bilawi" title="Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi">Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi</a>. A former commander of the Iraqi ground forces, Ali Ghaidan, accused Former Prime Minister of Iraq, <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nuri al-Maliki</a> of being the one who issued the order to withdraw from the city of Mosul.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> By late June, the Iraqi government had lost control of its borders with both <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Prime Minister of Iraq</a> <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a> called for a national <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> on 10 June following the attack on Mosul, which had been seized overnight. However, despite the security crisis, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Representatives_of_Iraq" title="Council of Representatives of Iraq">Iraq's parliament</a> did not allow Maliki to declare a state of emergency; many <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurd">Kurdish</a> legislators boycotted the session because they opposed expanding the prime minister's powers.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-51">[51]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2013%E2%80%9314)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anbar campaign (2013–14)">Anbar campaign (2013–14)</a></div> Beginning in December 2013, clashes involving tribal militias, Iraqi security forces, and the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (ISIL) had been occurring throughout western Iraq. In early January 2014, ISIL militia successfully took control of <a href="/wiki/Fallujah" title="Fallujah">Fallujah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramadi" title="Ramadi">Ramadi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> bringing much of <a href="/wiki/Al_Anbar_Governorate" title="Al Anbar Governorate">Al Anbar Governorate</a> under their control. Afterwards, the Iraqi Army began conducting an offensive against the Anbar region, the stronghold of ISIL, with the stated goal of bringing the region under government control. Prior to conducting this counter offensive, Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki gave a controversial speech in which he charactized the military campaign as a continuation of the ancient sectarian war between "the followers of <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Hussein</a> and the followers of <a href="/wiki/Yazid_I" title="Yazid I">Yazid</a>", a reference to a 7th-century <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala" title="Battle of Karbala">defining battle</a> for Shi'ites, thereby alienating the Sunnis of Anbar who had prior collaborated with the Iraqi government.<a href="#cite_note-CEIP-53">[53]</a> The advances ISIL made in neighboring Syria—a source of their weapons<a href="#cite_note-libe-54">[54]</a>—substantially strengthened their position.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-55">[55]</a> In early June, insurgents began to advance up over to central and northern part of Iraqi land following the Iraqi Army's capture in[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] the Anbar industrial zone. At that point, they were still in control of most of Fallujah and <a href="/wiki/Al-Karmah" title="Al-Karmah">Garmah</a>, as well as parts of <a href="/wiki/Haditha" title="Haditha">Haditha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jurf_Al_Sakhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurf Al Sakhar">Jurf Al Sakhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anah" title="Anah">Anah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib" title="Abu Ghraib">Abu Ghraib</a> and several smaller settlements in <a href="/wiki/Al_Anbar_Governorate" title="Al Anbar Governorate">Al Anbar Governorate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-iswiraq.blogspot.com-56">[56]</a> On 29 June 2014, ISIL announced a change of name to Islamic State, and declared a '<a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a>' that includes Syria and Iraq. They then declared Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi as the <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a> and leader of all Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Possible_causes">Possible causes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Possible causes">edit</a>]</div> Some trace the beginnings of the offensive to the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> which gave ISIL and other Sunni jihadi groups a cause and a battlefield when it looked like their campaign in Iraq was in decline<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> while critics of the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">US-led invasion of Iraq</a> in 2003 believe the root of these events should trace back to unsuccessful nation-building as well as sectarian and ethnic division in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>'s removal from power.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> U.S. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration#Iraq" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Foreign policy on Iraq under the Barack Obama administration</a> had shifted, and there had been a withrawal of U.S. troops and military presence. <a href="/wiki/Anne-Marie_Slaughter" title="Anne-Marie Slaughter">Anne-Marie Slaughter</a> wrote that had Obama forcibly intervened in the Syrian civil war, it "could have stopped the carnage spreading today in Syria and in Iraq,"<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Fareed_Zakaria" title="Fareed Zakaria">Fareed Zakaria</a>, editor of Time and former Middle Eastern policy advisor for the Bush administration,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] alleged that counterproductive western intervention in Iraq and Syria served to accelerate sectarian infighting in both countries and empowered radicals on all sides.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The Financial Times described the conflicts spanning Iraq and Syria as religious wars akin to Europe's <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> According to the Iraq's government critics, the pro-Shia policies of al-Maliki have been considered one of the main reasons of alienation Sunni Arabs and Kurds, which has played a significant role in the deterioration of security and the reemergence of Sunni extremists.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Conversely, al-Maliki has accused <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> of backing the militants of ISIL, who want to carve out a Sunni <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a> in the heart of the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> This view was supported by writers in Foreign Policy magazine and The Daily Beast who asserted that the Saudi government, viewing the political ascendancy of Iraq's Shia populace as a threat, elected to provide the Sunni opposition with arms.<a href="#cite_note-Foreignpolicy-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Michael Weiss traces the origins of ISIL to <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam</a>'s infiltration of Iraqi Kurdistan through Iran prior to the invasion of Iraq, and further cites a variety of evidence to claim that Syrian officials intentionally abetted the rise of ISIL to damage the reputation of moderate Syrian rebels.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The Iraqi army which took responsibility for holding northern Iraq, collapsed when militants including ISIL and its allies, with less than 1,000 militants, attacked and seized Mosul and Tikrit easily. The Iraqi army ceded control of Kirkuk to the Kurdish Peshmerga. There are different reasons offered for this event. According to The Guardian, one scenario is that the three Iraqi generals responsible for Mosul, Tikrit, and Kirkuk didn't want to fight for a state that wasn't working.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-69">[69]</a> According to The Daily Telegraph, the other view is that the generals in the military headquarters of these cities had shared the same <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Ba'athist ideology</a> and were the first to flee.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Another scenario is that the Iraqi troops quickly realized they were no match for battle-hardened and ideologically motivated jihadis heading their way. A third theory is that the Kurds had long ago lost faith in prime minister Nouri al-Maliki's ability to serve either their interests or those of Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Institute for Near East Policy">Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a> analyst Michael Knights noted that mutual opposition to the Shia-led government allowed for an alliance between the hitherto ideologically opposed ISIL and secular Ba'ath influenced insurgents such as the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Naqshbandi order</a>. Coordination between both groups granted ISIL the assistance of underground networks of former military, insurgents, Sunni officials and tribal groups sympathetic to the Ba'ath era government, thereby allowing a relatively small number of militants to execute a "coup" in Sunni regions where the banned Ba'ath party still retains a degree of support. The presence of Naqshbandi, <a href="/wiki/General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries" title="General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries">MCIR</a> and other secular insurgent groups led to tribes and some <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Iraq" title="Sons of Iraq">Awakening Councils</a> opposed to ISIL supporting the insurrection.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Additionally, Knights reported that in the years preceding the insurrection, the Naqshbandi led by <a href="/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri">Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</a> aggressively forged ties to elements of Sunni civil society opposed to the Maliki government, encouraged the establishment of protest camps at sites including <a href="/wiki/2013_Hawija_clashes" title="2013 Hawija clashes">Hawija</a> and attempted to co-opt Sunni militia. The arrival of ISIS militants from Syria ultimately serving as the final catalyst behind a broader revolt.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offensive">Offensive</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Offensive">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assault_on_Samarra">Assault on Samarra</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Assault on Samarra">edit</a>]</div> On 4 and 5 June 2014, ISIL militants attacked and captured parts of the city of <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a>. The ISIL operatives blew up a police station south of Samara overnight, killing several policemen, before they advanced on the city in pick-up trucks, raiding checkpoints along the way.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> They entered the city from the east and west and quickly captured the municipality building, university and the two largest mosques. The insurgents had reached to within 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the <a href="/wiki/Al-Askari_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Askari Mosque">Al-Askari Mosque</a>, which was defended by three security belts. Militants targeted command centres near the shrine. Soon, government reinforcements were sent from Baghdad and the military managed to regain control of the city, pushing militant forces out of Samarra. 12 policemen and several civilians were killed in the fighting,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-75">[75]</a> while an army official claimed 80 militants also died.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fall_of_Mosul_and_push_into_Kirkuk">Fall of Mosul and push into Kirkuk</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fall of Mosul and push into Kirkuk">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul" title="Fall of Mosul">Fall of Mosul</a></div> On 6 June, ISIL attacked Mosul from the northwest and quickly entered the western part of the city. The ISIL forces numbered approximately 1,500, while there were at least 15 times more Iraqi forces.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The assault started at 02:30 in the morning when ISIL convoys of pickup trucks advancing from the west shot their way through the two-man checkpoints into the city. By 03:30, street fighting was raging in Mosul.<a href="#cite_note-raging-77">[77]</a> In southern Mosul, five suicide bombers attacked an arms depot killing 11 soldiers. Two suicide bombers also killed six people in the village of Muaffakiya, near Mosul. Heavy fighting continued in the city the next day. Over the two days, 61 militants, 41 government troops and seven civilians were killed.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-80">[80]</a> As the militants advanced they seized military vehicles and weapons and reportedly hanged soldiers and lit them ablaze, crucified them, and torched them on the hoods of Humvees. On the western edge of Tamoz 17 neighborhood, police from the Fourth Battalion made a stand against the insurgents as government forces were order to form a defensive line to cordon off the besieged western Mosul neighborhoods from the Tigris River.<a href="#cite_note-raging-77">[77]</a> While fighting raged in Mosul, on 8 June, a double bomb attack, including a suicide bomber, against the Kurdish <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_of_Kurdistan" title="Patriotic Union of Kurdistan">PUK</a> party office in the town of <a href="/wiki/Jalawla" title="Jalawla">Jalawla</a> left 18 people dead, most of them members of the Kurdish security forces.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> At the same time, ISIL advanced to the east of Mosul, capturing the <a href="/wiki/Hawija" title="Hawija">Hawija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Zab" title="Al Zab">Al Zab</a>, Riyadh, and Abbasi areas west of the city of <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk" title="Kirkuk">Kirkuk</a>, and Rashad and Yankaja to its south after government forces retreated.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> By this time, insurgents surged into Mosul, sleeper cells hiding in the city had been activated and neighbourhoods rallied to them. The insurgents bombed a police station in the al-Uraybi neighbourhood and charged into the area around the Mosul Hotel, on the western bank of the Tigris, where a battle post was set up for 30 police SWAT members.<a href="#cite_note-raging-77">[77]</a> The next day, ISIL forces executed 15 security forces members captured near Kirkuk.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Four days later, on 13 June, in the eastern part of the province, Kurdish military forces (<a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a>) advanced and took the city of Kirkuk, after government forces abandoned their posts in the face of the ISIL offensive, expanding the Kurdish zone of control in Northern Iraq. Kurdish forces then awaited further orders before moving towards the areas controlled by ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> A Peshmerga spokesman said, "The whole of Kirkuk has fallen into the hands of Peshmerga, no Iraqi army remains in Kirkuk now."<a href="#cite_note-Kirkuk-47">[47]</a> Ten tanks and dozens of Humvee vehicles that had been abandoned by the Army were seized by Kurdish forces.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> By the afternoon of 9 June on Mosul's front, some 40 members of the Fourth Police Battalion were among the last local police fighting to hold back the jihadists in western Mosul. The rest had either defected or deserted. At 04:30 in the afternoon, a military water tanker, rigged with explosives, raced towards the Mosul Hotel where the policemen were stationed. The subsequent explosion wounded the battalion's commander, Colonel Dhiyab Ahmed al-Assi al-Obeidi, whose leg was ripped open by the blast. Other police officers then transported him by boat across the river. This attack broke the defensive line in the west of the city.<a href="#cite_note-raging-77">[77]</a> That night, generals <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aboud_Qanbar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aboud Qanbar (page does not exist)">Aboud Qanbar</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Ghaidan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Ghaidan (page does not exist)">Ali Ghaidan</a> decided to withdraw across the river, leaving Lieutenant General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahdi_Gharawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahdi Gharawi (page does not exist)">Mahdi Gharawi</a>, the operational commander of Nineveh Governorate, at his command post without any orders. Ghaidan and Qanbar's retreating convoy created the impression that Iraq's security forces were deserting<a href="#cite_note-raging-77">[77]</a> and so <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Army">Iraqi Army</a> soldiers started to flee Mosul.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-55">[55]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2nd_Division_(Iraq)" title="2nd Division (Iraq)">2nd Division</a> had deserted the city within a few hours and both Ghaidan and Qanbar arrived in Kurdistan the next day.<a href="#cite_note-raging-77">[77]</a> On the morning of 10 June, Gharawi and 26 of his men, who were still at the operation command centre in the western part of the city, decided to fight their way across a bridge to eastern Mosul. On the east bank, their five vehicles were set ablaze and after coming under heavy fire, during which three of the soldiers were killed, it was every man for himself, as Gharawi said. In the east, Gharawi and three of his men commandeered an armoured vehicle with flat tires and headed north to safety.<a href="#cite_note-raging-77">[77]</a> The militants were in control of much of the city by midday on 10 June.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-55">[55]</a> The militants seized numerous facilities, including <a href="/wiki/Mosul_International_Airport" title="Mosul International Airport">Mosul International Airport</a>, which had served as a hub for the U.S. military in the region. It was thought all aircraft located there had been captured, including helicopters and jet fighters. The militants also claimed to had released at least 2,400 prisoners, after seizing police stations and prisons across the city.<a href="#cite_note-wapo-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> However, after the <a href="/wiki/Badush_prison_massacre" title="Badush prison massacre">takeover of Badush prison</a> near Mosul, ISIL separated and removed the Sunni inmates, while the remaining 670 prisoners were executed.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> At the end of 10 June, ISIL was considered to be in control of Mosul.<a href="#cite_note-longwarjournal-2-89">[89]</a> On 11 June, ISIL members seized the Turkish consulate in Mosul and kidnapped 48 Turkish citizens including the consul general, three children and several members of the <a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Command_(Turkey)" title="Special Forces Command (Turkey)">Turkish Special Forces</a>. Reports suggested the abductees were taken to a nearby militant base and were unharmed. An unnamed Turkish official confirmed the government was in contact with the insurgents, while Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> held an emergency meeting with members of the <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization" title="National Intelligence Organization">National Intelligence Organization</a> (MIT) and Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fir_Atalay" title="Beşir Atalay">Beşir Atalay</a> to discuss the situation. The daring assault came a day after 28 Turkish truck drivers were abducted by militants while delivering fuel to a power plant in Mosul.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Earlier that day, the governor of <a href="/wiki/Ninawa_Governate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninawa Governate">Ninawa Governate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atheel_al-Nujaifi" title="Atheel al-Nujaifi">Atheel al-Nujaifi</a>, accused the military commanders that were in Mosul of abandoning the battlefield and fleeing from the city. The governor demanded that they be tried in a military court. He also stated that it was not just ISIL that captured Mosul but that other small militias had provided support in capturing the city.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> On 20 September 2014 the hostages captured on 11 June 2014 from the Turkish consulate in Mosul were released.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> ISIL seized large quantities of US-supplied military equipment. It also freed thousands of prisoners, many of whom are likely to join the insurgency.<a href="#cite_note-Iraq,_ISIL_and_the_region's_choices-94">[94]</a> There were conflicting reports about the east bank of Mosul, which has a significant population of <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Turkmens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shabaks" title="Shabaks">Shabaks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a>,<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> with some suggesting it was controlled by Kurdish Peshmergas<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> while according to others it was ISIL-controlled.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Sources within the Iraq government allege that in the months preceding the assault, Ba'ath loyalists led by al-Douri had been in contact with disaffected Sunni officers who either defected or withdrew upon the ISIL-Ba'ath attack.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> While speaking to the charity <a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean Catholic Church</a> <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Archeparchy_of_Mosul" title="Chaldean Catholic Archeparchy of Mosul">Archbishop of Mosul</a> <a href="/wiki/Emil_Shimoun_Nona" title="Emil Shimoun Nona">Amel Nona</a> stated "Mosul's last remaining Christians had left now a city which until 2003 was home to 35,000 faithful."<a href="#cite_note-Archbishop_Amel_Nona-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conquest_of_Baiji_and_Tikrit">Conquest of Baiji and Tikrit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Conquest of Baiji and Tikrit">edit</a>]</div> On 11 June, insurgents advanced into the oil refinery town of <a href="/wiki/Baiji_(city)" title="Baiji (city)">Baiji</a>, seizing the main court house and police station and setting them on fire. The militants, who were travelling in a group of around 60 vehicles, also took control of the Baiji prison and freed all the inmates. Local residents told members of the media that ISIL sent a group of local tribal chiefs ahead of them to convince the 250 guards at the oil plant to withdraw, while soldiers and police had been warned to leave as well.<a href="#cite_note-AlJazeera2-100">[100]</a> Later in the day, militants reportedly retreated from Baiji, either due to persuasion from local tribal leaders<a href="#cite_note-capitulates-101">[101]</a> or due to reinforcements from the Iraqi Army's Fourth Armored Division arriving in the city.<a href="#cite_note-AlJazeera3-102">[102]</a> However, the next day it was confirmed ISIL was still in control of the town, except the refinery which was surrounded.<a href="#cite_note-Kirkuk-47">[47]</a> Continuing their offensive, on the evening of 11 June, insurgents took full control of the city of <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a>, the hometown of former president <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> and the second provincial capital to fall in two days. Local officials reported that checkpoints had been set up around the city, while at least 300 inmates had been freed from the city's prisons, many of them serving sentences under terrorism charges.<a href="#cite_note-AlJazeera3-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Two police stations were burned down and a military base was captured.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> ISIL forces had also reached Samarra and were fighting government troops at the city's northwest entrance.<a href="#cite_note-AlJazeera3-102">[102]</a> At this point, Iraqi government officials described the situation as a "strategic disaster" for the Iraqi government and army.<a href="#cite_note-capitulates-101">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advance_towards_Baghdad_and_into_Diyala">Advance towards Baghdad and into Diyala</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Advance towards Baghdad and into Diyala">edit</a>]</div> On 12 June, ISIL continued their advance towards <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, the capital and largest city of Iraq, moving into towns just an hour's drive from the city. It controlled parts of the small town of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Udhaim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udhaim (page does not exist)">Udhaim</a>, 90 km (60 miles) north of Baghdad, after most of the army troops left their positions and withdrew towards the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Al_Khalis" title="Al Khalis">Al Khalis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Diyala_Governorate" title="Diyala Governorate">Diyala Governorate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kirkuk-47">[47]</a> ISIL also captured ten towns in <a href="/wiki/Saladin_Governorate" title="Saladin Governorate">Saladin Governorate</a>, but not <a href="/wiki/Tuz_Khurmatu" title="Tuz Khurmatu">Tuz Khurmatu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dujail" title="Dujail">Dujail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balad,_Iraq" title="Balad, Iraq">Balad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Amirli" title="Amirli">Amirli</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Samarra had reportedly become surrounded by ISIL forces.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Meanwhile, an Iraqi Border Patrol battalion stationed along the Syrian border in the western Anbar Governorate abandoned its positions in the face of advancing ISIL forces to break out to the relative safety of the Kurdish-controlled town of <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a> in Nineveh. However, the convoy of 60 trucks and hundreds of border police were thrown into disarray and panic when a small force of ISIL vehicles attacked them en route. By the time Kurdish forces arrived, the police force had been completely routed, with an unknown number of killed and captured, while others fled into the desert, leaving all their vehicles behind. Only two policemen managed to arrive at Sinjar on foot.<a href="#cite_note-TalAfar-109">[109]</a> In the early hours of 13 June, ISIL seized two towns in Diyala Governorate, after security forces abandoned their posts in <a href="/wiki/Sadiyah" title="Sadiyah">Sadiyah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jalawla" title="Jalawla">Jalawla</a>. Several villages around the <a href="/wiki/Hamrin_Mountains" title="Hamrin Mountains">Hamrin Mountains</a> were also captured.<a href="#cite_note-uk.reuters.com-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> At the same time, Kurdish forces entered Jalawla to secure offices of Kurdish parties in the town.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_counter-attack">Government counter-attack</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Government counter-attack">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_AC-208_fires_a_Hellfire_at_practice_target.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/An_AC-208_fires_a_Hellfire_at_practice_target.jpg/220px-An_AC-208_fires_a_Hellfire_at_practice_target.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/An_AC-208_fires_a_Hellfire_at_practice_target.jpg/330px-An_AC-208_fires_a_Hellfire_at_practice_target.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/An_AC-208_fires_a_Hellfire_at_practice_target.jpg/440px-An_AC-208_fires_a_Hellfire_at_practice_target.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3228" data-file-height="2421" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Air_Force" title="Iraqi Air Force">Iraqi Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Cessna_208_Caravan" title="Cessna 208 Caravan">AC-208</a> firing a <a href="/wiki/Hellfire_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellfire missile">Hellfire missile</a> during a training exercise in 2010.</figcaption></figure> On 13 June 2014, Iraqi forces supported by elements of the <a href="/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">Quds Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Iranian Revolutionary Guards</a> had gathered in the town of <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a> and claimed to have regained control of parts of <a href="/wiki/Saladin_Governorate" title="Saladin Governorate">Saladin Governorate</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CNN-113">[113]</a> namely the town of Dhuluiyah.<a href="#cite_note-carrier-26">[26]</a> Journalists from <a href="/wiki/Al-Monitor" title="Al-Monitor">Al-Monitor</a> embedded in Mosul and Tikrit reported that repeated airstrikes by the government made ISIL militants depart from conspicuous positions within the cities. In their place, militants associated with the <a href="/wiki/Naqshbandi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Naqshbandi Army">Naqshbandi Army</a> and other anti-government groups led by former Ba'ath officers assumed the visible role of patrolling and administration.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] Militants were reported to have appointed former Ba'ath generals Azhar al-Obeidi and Ahmed Abdul Rashid as the governors of Mosul and Tikrit. Sunni militants remained in control of Tikrit and its strategically significant <a href="/wiki/COB_Speicher" class="mw-redirect" title="COB Speicher">COB Speicher</a> military base and air field.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Insurgents in Tikrit were reported to be mining the roads leading into the city and positioning artillery to resist an anticipated siege.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> newspaper, the call to arms by the highest Shia authority in Iraq, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Ayatollah" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Ayatollah">Grand Ayatollah</a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Sistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Sistani">Ali Sistani</a>, on 13 June mobilized in less than one day around a division of militiamen who, unlike the military, would not run from a fight with the insurgents.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> On 14 June, Al-Maliki went to Samarra and declared "Samarra will be the starting point, the gathering station of our troops to cleanse every inch that was desecrated by footsteps of those traitors." There were conflicting reports about the situation of <a href="/wiki/Al-Dhuluiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Dhuluiya">al-Dhuluiya</a>, outside of Samarra. Government officials and state TV claimed that Iraqi security forces had taken control of the town, but security officials in Samarra and witnesses there told CNN the town was still under ISIL control.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> The same day, the Iraqi military attacked ISIL forces in <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tasim,_Iraq" title="Al-Mu'tasim, Iraq">al-Mutasim</a>, 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-east of Samarra, driving militants out into the surrounding desert.<a href="#cite_note-carrier-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Meanwhile, the bodies of 128 Iraqi soldiers and policemen killed in clashes with ISIL were received by medical staff in Mosul.<a href="#cite_note-count-119">[119]</a> Also, it was reported that the Iraqi Army had killed seven Kurdish security forces in an airstrike in Diyala. Jabbar Yawar, the secretary general of the Peshmerga, said talks with Iraqi authorities were under way to ascertain what had happened.<a href="#cite_note-KurdDeaths-120">[120]</a> The next day, the military recaptured <a href="/wiki/Ishaqi" title="Ishaqi">Ishaqi</a> where the burned bodies of 12 policemen were found.<a href="#cite_note-carrier-26">[26]</a> On 28 June, Iraqi forces launched an attack against the city of Tikrit.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renewed_ISIL_advance">Renewed ISIL advance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Renewed ISIL advance">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peshmerga_on_a_T-55-Tank_outside_Kirkuk_in_Iraq..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Peshmerga_on_a_T-55-Tank_outside_Kirkuk_in_Iraq..jpg/220px-Peshmerga_on_a_T-55-Tank_outside_Kirkuk_in_Iraq..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Peshmerga_on_a_T-55-Tank_outside_Kirkuk_in_Iraq..jpg/330px-Peshmerga_on_a_T-55-Tank_outside_Kirkuk_in_Iraq..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Peshmerga_on_a_T-55-Tank_outside_Kirkuk_in_Iraq..jpg/440px-Peshmerga_on_a_T-55-Tank_outside_Kirkuk_in_Iraq..jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> <a href="/wiki/T-55" class="mw-redirect" title="T-55">T-55</a> tank outside <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk" title="Kirkuk">Kirkuk</a> on 19 June 2014.</figcaption></figure> Late on 15 June, after repeated assaults, an insurgent assault, primarily led by the Naqshbandi Army and former Ba'athists, captured <a href="/wiki/Tal_Afar" title="Tal Afar">Tal Afar</a> and its nearby airbase<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The defenders, composed largely of Shia <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Turkmen</a> and soldiers retreating from Mosul, escaped to Kurdish-controlled territory.<a href="#cite_note-TalAfar-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> During the fighting for Tal Afar, 18 militants died, and ten people were killed in the insurgent shelling of the town.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The local security garrison suffered heavy casualties, but the number was unknown.<a href="#cite_note-postphotos-125">[125]</a> It was also claimed that Major General Abu Al-Waleed was captured at Tal Afar, but he allegedly later denied this on state TV.<a href="#cite_note-volunteers-126">[126]</a> During that day, rebels made claims of executing 1,000–1,800 captured soldiers, while the military claimed the Air Force had killed 279 militants in the previous 24 hours.<a href="#cite_note-BBCJUNE15-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-persist-128">[128]</a> Analysis of execution videos by military experts managed to confirm the killing of at least 170 soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-postphotos-125">[125]</a> On 15 June, ISIL also advanced further into <a href="/wiki/Diyala_Governorate" title="Diyala Governorate">Diyala Governorate</a> gaining control of two villages in <a href="/wiki/%CA%BFAdhaim" title="ʿAdhaim">ʿAdhaim</a>, northeast of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The next day, 28–29 Iraqi Shiite volunteer militiamen were killed in an ambush of their convoy south of Samarra by ISIL. Meanwhile, the military claimed to have killed 56 insurgents in areas of western and southern Baghdad,<a href="#cite_note-volunteers-126">[126]</a> while fighting in Diyala Governorate left 29 militants and eight soldiers dead. A number of soldiers were also captured.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The first Iranian soldier was also killed.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> In addition, Tal Afar fell on 16 June<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> to ISIL forces led by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Amir Mohammed Abdul Rahman al-Mawli al-Salbi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-al-Qurashi-30">[30]</a> West of Baghdad, ISIL captured <a href="/wiki/Saqlawiyah" title="Saqlawiyah">Saqlawiyah</a> where army helicopters were hovering over the town to provide cover for retreating troops. During the fighting a helicopter was shot down.<a href="#cite_note-iranaction-133">[133]</a> In the evening, police executed 44 Sunni prisoners at a police station in <a href="/wiki/Baqubah" title="Baqubah">Baqubah</a> before retreating due to an advance by ISIL forces which captured several neighborhoods in the city.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Conflicting information has been presented regarding the number killed and the identity of those responsible, as the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a> reported that the prisoners were either killed during a battle with ISIL or "preemptively" by security forces. The situation regarding the killing of a Sunni imam in Baghdad is also unclear.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> On 17 June, according to BBC the Army had retaken the captured districts of Baqubah.<a href="#cite_note-approaches-136">[136]</a> Elsewhere, security forces withdrew from the <a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(town)" title="Al-Qa'im (town)">Al-Qa'im</a> border crossing as rebels from the <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">al-Nusra Front</a> crossed the border and took hold of it.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Also, east of Samarra, the bodies of 18 executed security force members were discovered.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> On 18 June, ISIL attacked Iraq's largest oil refinery in <a href="/wiki/Baiji_(city)" title="Baiji (city)">Baiji</a> with mortars and machine guns.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> An official from inside the refinery stated the militants had captured 75 percent of the facility, while a military spokesman claimed the attack had been repelled with 40 insurgents being killed.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Meanwhile, rebels overran three villages in Salaheddin Governorate following fighting that left some 20 civilians dead.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Also, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> said that 40 of its nationals, who were working for a Turkish construction company in <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>, had been abducted by militants.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> At the same time, <a href="/wiki/Rauf_Rashid_Abd_al-Rahman" title="Rauf Rashid Abd al-Rahman">Rauf Rashid Abd al-Rahman</a>, the presiding judge during the trial of Saddam Hussein, was reportedly captured and executed by insurgents,<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> though that was later denied by family members and the Kurdistan Regional Government.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> On 19 June, government forces claimed to have regained full control of the Baiji oil refinery, after heavy fighting with ISIL fighters that left 100 militants dead.<a href="#cite_note-retakeoil-145">[145]</a> An Iraqi witness who drove past the Baiji refinery told the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> that ISIL had hung their banners from the watch towers and created checkpoints surrounding the facility, despite government claims of control.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> By the evening, the two sides held different parts of the refinery.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> The same day, ISIL captured the Al Muthanna Chemical Weapons Facility near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tharthar" title="Lake Tharthar">Lake Tharthar</a>, 45 miles northwest of Baghdad, in an area which was firmly come under rebel control by this point.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> On 20 June, the oil refinery was still surrounded by ISIL forces and had once again come under attack. By the evening, US officials had told <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a> that the 270 Iraqi troops trapped in the refinery were outnumbered and outgunned. And, with ISIL in control of the roads to and from Baiji, there was little chance of their resources being replenished. The militants planned to wait until the troops ran out of food and ammunition.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> On the same day, ISIL claimed to have captured most of the Tal Afar airport. Kurdish forces, who were accompanied by a BBC news crew, became surrounded by ISIL on three sides in Jalula<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> and later it was confirmed the control of the town was divided between the Kurds and ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> On 21 June, militants captured the Baiji oil refinery after overnight clashes with government forces.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> On the same day, Iraqi Shia militias rallied all over Iraq to show their strength. The largest rally was in Baghdad in which thousands of members of Shia militia <a href="/wiki/Promised_Day_Brigades" class="mw-redirect" title="Promised Day Brigades">Promised Day Brigades</a> participated.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Also, ISIL clashed with allied Sunni militants, leaving 17 dead in Hawija.<a href="#cite_note-infighting-154">[154]</a> On 23 June, insurgents captured the Tal Afar airport and secured the town itself.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Iraqi security sources confirmed for the first time the Baiji oil refinery had been seized by militants, after being attacked for several days.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> 400 soldiers of the 37th Brigade, including its officers, deserted from the refinery following an agreement reached with tribal leaders per which the troops had free passage to leave for 24 hours. 50–75 police commandos, who refused to desert, attempted to prevent the Brigade's desertion at gunpoint but were outnumbered by the soldiers and backed down. This left the insurgents in control of virtually the entire facility, except one compound where the refinery's operating systems are located due to the <a href="/wiki/SWAT" title="SWAT">SWAT</a> members barricading themselves in the building. A standoff ensued as the insurgents didn't want to risk a direct assault for fear of damaging the facilities systems. Instead, ISIL decided to slowly starve out the commandos if they refused to surrender, since no reinforcements could be flown in to the SWAT unit due to the heavy insurgent anti-aircraft fire around the refinery. The siege of the building continued as of mid-July.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> By this point, sources reported that a combination of desertions, casualties and loss of equipment crippled the regular Iraqi military, forcing the government to increasingly rely on volunteers drawn from Shia militias.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Iraqi officials also conceded they had essentially given up on the north of the country to the insurgent forces.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> On 24 June, the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Arab Republic">Syrian Arab Republic</a> launched its first airstrikes in Iraqi territory after previously targeting Syrian-Iraqi border crossings controlled by ISIL. Syria launched new strikes the next day when at least 50 people were killed and 132 others wounded, including civilians, after missiles launched by Syrian fighters hit a municipal building, a market, and a bank in <a href="/wiki/Ar_Rutba_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar Rutba District">Al Rutba</a>. It was unclear whether the Syrian fighters actually entered Iraqi territory when they made the airstrikes.<a href="#cite_note-syria-6">[6]</a> On 25 June, anonymous American officials reported that Iran set up a special control centre at Al-<a href="/wiki/Rasheed_Air_Base" title="Rasheed Air Base">Rasheed Air Base</a> in Baghdad and was flying a "small fleet" of <a href="/wiki/Ghods_Ababil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghods Ababil">Ababil</a> drones over Iraq, and an Iranian signals intelligence unit had also been deployed at the airfield to intercept electronic communications between ISIL fighters and commanders. 10 divisions of Iranian and <a href="/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">Quds Force</a> troops were massed on the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_border" title="Iran–Iraq border">Iran–Iraq border</a> and about two dozen Iranian aircraft had been stationed in western Iran.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Meanwhile, insurgents overran the Ajeel oil site, east of Tikrit, after the nearby town of al-Alam was seized by the militants and insurgents surrounded on three sides the massive Balad air base, also known as <a href="/wiki/Joint_Base_Balad" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Base Balad">Joint Base Balad</a> and "Camp Anaconda" under U.S. occupation, and struck it with mortars.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Army_Tikrit_counter-offensive">Army Tikrit counter-offensive</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Army Tikrit counter-offensive">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">First Battle of Tikrit</a></div> On 26 June, government forces launched an airborne assault on <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> and an all-out ground offensive two days later in an attempt to recapture the city.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> However, by 30 June the assault had stalled<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> and government troops pulled back from Tikrit to the south, after meeting stiff resistance, in an attempt to regroup.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Also during this time, on the morning of 26 June, militants captured the town of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansouriyat_al-Jabal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansouriyat al-Jabal (page does not exist)">Mansouriyat al-Jabal</a>, which is the home to four natural gas fields,<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> although government forces managed to recapture the town the next day. They also reportedly recaptured al-Alam.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> On 4 July, the ISIL published a video claiming its leader, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a>, delivered a sermon for half an hour during <a href="/wiki/Friday_prayers" class="mw-redirect" title="Friday prayers">Friday prayers</a> at the Great Mosque of al-Nuri Mosul, Iraq. "Iraqi agencies are still investigating the video and comparing it with its intelligence," Iraq's military spokesman, Lt. Gen. Qassim Atta, said on 7 July. On the other hand, the United States "has no reason to doubt" the authenticity of a video that purports to show ISIL leader.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> On 15 July, the military launched a new assault on Tikrit from Awja. However, by the next day, government troops had been repelled and once again retreated. Several security force's vehicles were seen abandoned, with at least one of them burnt out.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> On 17 July, insurgents launched an assault on Camp Speicher, near Tikrit,<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> in an attempt to capture the air base. However, by 21 July, the attack had reportedly been repelled.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_ISIL_offensive">August ISIL offensive</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: August ISIL offensive">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)</a></div> In early August 2014, ISIL launched a new offensive against Kurdish-held territory in northern Iraq and within days <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">captured the town of Sinjar</a>, displacing its <a href="/wiki/Yazidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazidi">Yazidi</a> population. ISIL had also advanced to within 40 kilometers from the Kurdish capital of <a href="/wiki/Erbil" title="Erbil">Erbil</a>. This prompted the United States to start launching <a href="/wiki/2014_American_intervention_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 American intervention in Iraq">air-strikes on advancing ISIL forces</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consequences">Consequences</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Consequences">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proclamation_of_a_Caliphate">Proclamation of a Caliphate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Proclamation of a Caliphate">edit</a>]</div> On 29 June 2014, ISIL or ISIS announced its name change to the Islamic State and announced the formation of a 'Caliphate', which would include Iraq and Syria, and in theory covers the global Muslim population. They called upon Muslims all over the world to pledge allegiance to their Caliph, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Ibrahim Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> ISIL claimed to have a plan to take over the city of <a href="/wiki/Arar,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Arar, Saudi Arabia">Arar</a> in Saudi Arabia, which is very close to the Iraqi border.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> In July NBC news reported that disagreements had erupted between ISIL and two large Sunni insurgent groups in Iraq, the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order</a> and <a href="/wiki/1920_Revolution_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="1920 Revolution Brigade">1920 Revolution Brigade</a>, leading to skirmishes between the allies on July. NBC quoted an unnamed senior U.S. counterterrorism official claiming that "the tribal groups do not necessarily follow strict Islamic law the way ISIS does, which naturally leads to conflict".<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kurdish_referendum_for_independence">Kurdish referendum for independence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Kurdish referendum for independence">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraqi_Kurdistan_in_Iraq_(de-facto_and_disputed_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Iraqi_Kurdistan_in_Iraq_%28de-facto_and_disputed_hatched%29.svg/250px-Iraqi_Kurdistan_in_Iraq_%28de-facto_and_disputed_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Iraqi_Kurdistan_in_Iraq_%28de-facto_and_disputed_hatched%29.svg/375px-Iraqi_Kurdistan_in_Iraq_%28de-facto_and_disputed_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Iraqi_Kurdistan_in_Iraq_%28de-facto_and_disputed_hatched%29.svg/500px-Iraqi_Kurdistan_in_Iraq_%28de-facto_and_disputed_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1241" data-file-height="1264" /></a><figcaption><div style="font-size:85%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Borders of the Kurdistan Region (disputed)</div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="text-align:left;padding-top:5px;font-size:90%;"><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Kurdistan Region</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Unrecognised incorporated territory</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other claimed and controlled territory</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other claimed territory</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Rest of Iraq</div></li></ul></div></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Masoud_Barzani" title="Masoud Barzani">Masoud Barzani</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a> expressed on 3 July his will to <a href="/wiki/2017_Kurdistan_Region_independence_referendum" title="2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum">organize a referendum</a> to push forward the area's independence from Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> The Kurdish forces indeed controlled <a href="/wiki/Disputed_territories_of_Northern_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Disputed territories of Northern Iraq">an important area in northern Iraq</a>, outside of ISIL's control, free from the Iraqi government's influence as a result of the ISIL offensive. <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>'s prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benyamin_Netanyahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Benyamin Netanyahu">Benyamin Netanyahu</a> declared in June 2014 that his government would support an independent Kurdistan.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Massacre_of_minorities">Massacre of minorities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Massacre of minorities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">Sinjar massacre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State">Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defend_International_Reaches_out_to_Yazidis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Defend_International_Reaches_out_to_Yazidis.jpg/220px-Defend_International_Reaches_out_to_Yazidis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Defend_International_Reaches_out_to_Yazidis.jpg/330px-Defend_International_Reaches_out_to_Yazidis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Defend_International_Reaches_out_to_Yazidis.jpg/440px-Defend_International_Reaches_out_to_Yazidis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2401" data-file-height="1654" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Defend_International" title="Defend International">Defend International</a> provided humanitarian aid to Yazidi refugees in Iraqi Kurdistan in December 2014.</figcaption></figure> Thousands of <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a>, Kurds and other ethnic minorities were reportedly massacred by ISIL fighters.<a href="#cite_note-contested-181">[181]</a> After the capture of <a href="/wiki/Qaraqosh" title="Qaraqosh">Qaraqosh</a>, the Iraqi city with the largest Assyrian population, on 7 August, thousands fled their homes from the Qaraqosh and Mosul as they were given an ultimatum by the insurgents.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Assyrians, Yazidis, Kurds and other minorities were massacred by being buried alive, burnt alive, or shot. Women from these groups were raped and killed, or married to ISIL fighters. Many Kurds became frightened that ISIL would perpetrate another massacre similar to the <a href="/wiki/Anfal_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Anfal Genocide">Anfal Genocide</a>. "Qaraqosh, Tal Kayf, <a href="/wiki/Bartella" title="Bartella">Bartella</a> and Karamlesh have been emptied of their original population and are now under the control of militants", Joseph Thomas, the Arch Bishop of the Iraqi cities of Kirkuk and Sulaimaniyah, told AFP. Prior to the offensive, Qaraqosh had an estimated Christian population of about 50,000. <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholics" title="Chaldean Catholics">Chaldean</a> Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Louis_Rapha%C3%ABl_I_Sako" title="Louis Raphaël I Sako">Louis Sako</a> said the ISIL advance into Iraq created a 'humanitarian disaster' and that more than 100,000 Christians were forced to leave their homes. "The churches are occupied and crosses taken down", and more than 1,500 documents had been destroyed, he said. Around <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> withdrew from the area without effectively communicating this development to the <a href="/wiki/Yazidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazidi">Yazidi</a> inhabitants,<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> prompting the locals to flee to the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a> after brief clashes with ISIS.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> NGOs have also accused the Peshmerga of confiscating weapons from the Yazidis.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Reactions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic">Domestic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Domestic">edit</a>]</div> Despite the security crisis, Iraq's Parliament was not convened and did not allow Maliki to declare a state of emergency; many Sunni and Kurdish legislators boycotted the session because they opposed expanding the prime minister's powers.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-51">[51]</a> Most Iraqis view the conflict as a partial Sunni uprising, rather than as a simple lunge for power by ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shia">Shia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Shia">edit</a>]</div> On 13 June 2014, the highest religious authority for the <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Iraq" title="Shia Islam in Iraq">Shia in Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Ayatollah" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Ayatollah">Grand Ayatollah</a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Sistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Sistani">Ali Sistani</a>, asked people to fight the Islamic State. According to one of his representatives, <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulmehdi_al-Karbalai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulmehdi al-Karbalai (page does not exist)">Abdulmehdi al-Karbalai</a>, he asked for "people who are capable of carrying arms and fighting the terrorists in defense of their country... (to) volunteer to join the security forces to achieve this sacred goal".<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> In late June, powerful Shiite cleric <a href="/wiki/Muqtada_al-Sadr" title="Muqtada al-Sadr">Muqtada al-Sadr</a> vowed to "shake the ground" under the feet of the militants, days after fighters loyal to him paraded with weapons in the Sadr City area of north Baghdad, vowing to fight the militant offensive.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sunni">Sunni</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sunni">edit</a>]</div> Fugitive Iraq Vice President <a href="/wiki/Tariq_al-Hashimi" title="Tariq al-Hashimi">Tariq al-Hashimi</a>, a Sunni who described the fall of Mosul as a "Revolution of the oppressed, downtrodden and marginalized people in Mosul", denied ISIL played a leading role amongst the government's opponents and alleged the militancy against the central government was led by Sunni tribes and disenfranchised Sunnis.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Another prominent Sunni, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Hatem_al-Suleiman" title="Ali Hatem al-Suleiman">Ali Hatem al-Suleiman</a> (emir of the large <a href="/wiki/Dulaim" title="Dulaim">Dulaim</a> tribe), claimed "It is the tribal rebels who are in control of the situation in Mosul. It is not reasonable to say that a group like ISIL, which has a small number of men and vehicles, could be in control of a large city like Mosul. Therefore, it is clear that this is a tribal revolution, but the government is trying to force us all to wear the robe of the terrorists and ISIS."<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> A member of insurgent held Mosul's governing council, a former colonel in the Ba'ath era military alleged that the opposition to the government was composed of multiple Sunni Arab factions, most of which are led by officers from the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority_Order_Number_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 2">disbanded</a> military. The former officer claimed that the various opposition factions were working to minimize ISIL influence and appoint officials capable of restoring services in insurgent held areas.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kurdish">Kurdish</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Kurdish">edit</a>]</div> Kurdish parliamentarian Shoresh Haji stated "I hope that the Kurdish leadership will not miss this golden opportunity to bring Kurdish lands in the disputed territories back under Kurdish control".<a href="#cite_note-Kirkuk-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_reactions">International reactions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: International reactions">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt>International bodies</dt></dl> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Arab League – On 12 June, <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> Secretary-General, <a href="/wiki/Nabil_al-Arabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabil al-Arabi">Nabil al-Arabi</a> condemned what he described as the "criminal activities" committed by ISIL group in Mosul. He emphasized on the necessity of "national consensus in Iraq at this critical time, which threatens Iraq's security and political stability."<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> United Nations – On 10 June, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>' Secretary-General, <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a>, asked all political leaders in Iraq to show national unity against the ISIL offensive, expressed grave concern about the "serious deterioration", and condemned the recent attacks that have left scores dead and wounded in Iraq's northern and eastern provinces. He recalled that all UN Member States have an obligation to implement and enforce the targeted financial sanctions, arms embargo and travel ban imposed on ISIS under the sanctions regime pursuant to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1267" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1267">Security Council Resolution 1267</a> (1999) and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1989" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1989">Security Council Resolution 1989</a> (2011).<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> It also evacuated its 60 staff members from <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> to neighboring <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> After ISIL released graphic photographs of its fighters shooting scores of young men, the United Nations said on 16 June, cold blooded "executions" said to have been carried out by militants in northern Iraq almost certainly amount to <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>U.N. member states</dt></dl> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> India – On 16 June, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Indian External Affairs Ministry</a> condemned the takeover of Iraqi cities like <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a> by ISIL and reiterated its support to the government and the people of Iraq in their fight against international terrorism. It also set up a 24-hour helpline at Indian embassy in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> for assistance of Indian nationals stranded in these cities. It has been reported that 46 Indian nurses were abducted from the Iraqi town of Mosul<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> who were later freed and flown back to India.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> Iran – On 12 June, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">Iranian president</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Rouhani" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan Rouhani">Hasan Rouhani</a>, stated: "For our part, as the government of the <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Islamic Republic of Iran</a> ... we will combat violence, extremism and terrorism in the region and the world." On 11 June, the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister of Iran">Foreign Minister of Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Javad_Zarif" title="Mohammad Javad Zarif">Mohammad Javad Zarif</a>, had condemned the "murder of Iraqi citizens" as he offered Iraq's government support against terrorism. However, Iranian officials have not explained how Iran will help Iraq's government.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> dispatched <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Revolutionary Guard</a> forces to help Iraq's government recapture Tikrit. Iran sent three <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalions</a> of the special operations <a href="/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">Quds Force</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> and has sent a total of 2000 men between 12 and 14 June.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>, any support from Iran will be subtler, confined to military planning and strategy rather than manpower.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Russia - Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> has expressed "full support" to the Iraqi government.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> Eight days later, Deputy Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Ryabkov" title="Sergei Ryabkov">Sergei Ryabkov</a> announced that "Russia will not stand idle toward attempts by terrorist groups to spread terrorism in regional states" and urged Europe and the United States to take action against ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> On 29 June, Russia delivered <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-25" title="Sukhoi Su-25">Sukhoi Su-25</a> ground attack aircraft to the Iraqi Air Force, days after a request by the Iraqi government. Unconfirmed reports suggest that six <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30" title="Sukhoi Su-30">Sukhoi Su-30</a> multirole aircraft are to be delivered as well.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-10">[10]</a> Photos have appears on Iraqi social media depicting Russian-made rocket artillery <a href="/wiki/TOS-1" title="TOS-1">TOS-1</a> arriving in Baghdad.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Syria – On 11 June, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Expatriates_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (Syria)">Syrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates</a> condemned recent acts of militants from the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant on the territory of Iraq. It also expressed support and solidarity to the Iraqi government in its fight against the armed terrorist groups in Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> On 15 June, the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Air_Force" title="Syrian Air Force">Syrian Air Force</a> was carrying out airstrikes on ISIL bases in coordination with Iraq. Airstrikes were carried out against ISIL bases in <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah" title="Al-Hasakah">Al-Hasakah</a> inside Syria, and headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Shaddadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaddadi">Shaddadi</a>, a town close to the border with Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Saudi Arabia – The Saudi Arabia government said that the tensions there were due to sectarian policies which threatened its stability and sovereignty, according to the official Saudi Press Agency. It warned against foreign intervention and urged Iraqis to form a national unity government.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Turkey – ISIL captured Ankara's consul general in Mosul and detained 49 Turkish citizens including the Consul-General, Öztürk Yılmaz. It also took hostage 31 Turkish truck drivers. Some reports suggest that the hostages have been moved to the residence of the ISIL-sponsored Mosul governor, in possible preparation for their release. Turkey has called an emergency <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> meeting.<a href="#cite_note-Iraq,_ISIL_and_the_region's_choices-94">[94]</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>The hostages were freed in mid September 2014. Turkey denied paying ransom <a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> but prisoner swaps were hinted at.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> It was later revealed that Turkish authorities had initially paid a certain amount of money to ISIL officials and the hostages were later swapped for 180 militants who had been apprehended or undergoing medical treatment in Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> United Kingdom – On 17 June, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> said the UK would be reopening the British Embassy in Iran in an effort to rebuild the nations' diplomatic relationship to help combat the recent event in Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> On 18 June, PM Cameron said that he believed ISIL was planning a terror attack on the UK.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> United States – On 12 June, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> said he was exploring all options to save Iraq's security forces from collapse, and U.S. companies evacuated hundreds from a major air base. "Our national security team is looking at all the options... I don't rule out anything," he declared. U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a> warned an ISIL takeover in both <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> would create a "hell on earth" and called for the urgent deployment of U.S. air power to "change the battlefield equation".<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>On 13 June, Obama said the United States "will not be sending U.S. troops back into combat in Iraq," but that he would be reviewing a range of other options in coming days. He called on Iraq's neighbors to help out, too, and told the only guarantee of success involved political reforms by al-Maliki that promoted cooperation with Sunnis.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a></dd> <dd>On 15 June, US government announced that it was drawing down staff at its embassy in Baghdad. Referring to the "ongoing instability and violence in certain areas," a State Department statement said the embassy will also increase the number of security personnel deployed at the heavily guarded mission. A separate Pentagon statement said "a small number" of Defense Department personnel were being sent to augment security at the facility.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a></dd> <dd>On 16 June, <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">President Obama</a> notified <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> that a total of 275 U.S. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">soldiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marines</a> could be deployed to Iraq to provide security for the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Baghdad" title="Embassy of the United States, Baghdad">U.S. Embassy in Baghdad</a> and other U.S. personnel in Iraq. About 160 troops were already in the country and 100 will be stationed as reserve forces in a nearby country to be deployed if needed.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> The special forces team would operate under the U.S. ambassador in Baghdad and would be barred from engaging in ground combat.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> reported on 18 June that <a href="/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein" title="Dianne Feinstein">Dianne Feinstein</a>, the chair of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Intelligence_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Intelligence Committee">Senate Intelligence Committee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> thought Maliki's government should step down. <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> spokesman <a href="/wiki/Jay_Carney" title="Jay Carney">Jay Carney</a> said, "we will aggressively attempt to impress upon that leader the absolute necessity of rejecting sectarian governance". The Secretary of State, <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, stated that Washington was not focused Maliki, but on the Iraqi people. A spokesman for the Nouri al-Malik said he will not stand down.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a></dd> <dd>As of 19 June, reports emerged suggesting that if the United States carries out airstrikes over Iraq, as requested by the Iraqi government,<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> that Obama may act without congressional approval.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> Also on 19 June, Barack Obama announced he is sending up to 300 military advisers to Iraq, and could down the road authorize targeted military action, if necessary. According to CNN, one aircraft carrier and five warships are already positioned in the Persian Gulf, U.S. drones are flying intelligence missions over Iraq and a list of ISIL targets has been compiled.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a></dd> <dd>On 23 June, John Kerry met with Nouri al-Malik, Iraq's Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Hoshyar_Zibari" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoshyar Zibari">Hoshyar Zibari</a>, and Sunni and Shia leaders in Baghdad. The purpose was to affirm the US commitment to Iraq during the crisis and to discuss the formation of a new government. These meetings occur as ISIL proceeded to capture more territory north and west of the capital.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> Kerry also rejected al-Maliki's request for prompt American airstrikes on the militants' positions in Iraq and Syria, saying that care must be taken before such attacks are launched to avoid giving the impression that the Americans are targeting Sunnis.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a></dd> <dd>On 8 August 2014, President Obama authorized airstrikes and humanitarian aid to civilians trapped in the mountains, who didn't have access to food or water. He said the move for airstrikes was to stop the advancement of the IS convoys into Erbil. He strongly asserted that the minorities, including the Christians and the Yazidis must be protected from the 'genocide'.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Others">edit</a>]</div> On 14 June, Shaykh <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi" title="Yusuf al-Qaradawi">Yusuf al-Qaradawi</a>, chairman of the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Muslim_Scholars" title="International Union of Muslim Scholars">International Union of Muslim Scholars</a>, described the event as a "national revolution"<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> He said the insurgency "could not have been led by one Islamist party," a reference to ISIL, instead describing it as a "all-out Sunni revolution" (or "Overwhelming revolution for <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a>" ) and warned against sectarian war. Calling for the formation of a "national unity government", he said that "this is not a revolution against the Shias".<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Center_for_Public_Affairs" title="Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs">Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs</a>, "The Kurds, seeing the Iraqi central regime's weakness, will take all the necessary measures to protect their autonomy and expand their influence to neighboring <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Kurdistan" title="Syrian Kurdistan">Syrian Kurdistan</a>. The Kurds understand very well that they could be the next target after the <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian People">Assyrians</a> and accordingly will preempt any attempt by the jihadists to set foot in their areas. The fall of Mosul could become the beginning of Kurdish quest for independence."<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tirana_Hassan" title="Tirana Hassan">Tirana Hassan</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, reports that Khorasani Brigade, a Shia militia, has ethnically cleansed the village of Yengija, 50 miles south of Kirkuk. The Sunni population was driven from the village and their homes were razed.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/64px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iraq" title="Portal:Iraq">Iraq portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/28px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/56px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9314_Iraqi_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2012–14 Iraqi protests">2012–14 Iraqi protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Eastern_Syria_offensive" title="2014 Eastern Syria offensive">2014 Eastern Syria offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spillover of the Syrian Civil War">Spillover of the Syrian Civil War</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRaheem_SalmanAhmed_Rasheed2014" class="citation web cs1">Raheem Salman; Ahmed Rasheed (14 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101080457/https://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKKBN0EO0LF20140614?irpc=932">"Iraq says slows Islamist rebel advance, regains some territory"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKKBN0EO0LF20140614?irpc=932">the original</a> on 1 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+says+slows+Islamist+rebel+advance%2C+regains+some+territory&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2014-06-14&rft.au=Raheem+Salman&rft.au=Ahmed+Rasheed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUKKBN0EO0LF20140614%3Firpc%3D932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-27852832">"Tony Blair: 'We didn't cause Iraq crisis"</a>. BBC News. 15 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tony+Blair%3A+%27We+didn%27t+cause+Iraq+crisis&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2014-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-27852832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006172212/http://www.syriacsnews.com/presence-mfs-border-iraq/">"Presence of the MFS at the border of Iraq"</a>. Syriac International News Agency. 16 June 2014. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Presence+of+the+MFS+at+the+border+of+Iraq&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriacsnews.com%2Fpresence-mfs-border-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/news/region/iraq/iraqi-christians-under-threat-yet-again-1.1361741">"Iraqi Christians under threat yet again"</a>. 20 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraqi+Christians+under+threat+yet+again&rft.date=2014-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fnews%2Fregion%2Firaq%2Firaqi-christians-under-threat-yet-again-1.1361741&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey2016" class="citation web cs1">Jeffrey, Paul (29 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catholicphilly.com/2016/04/news/world-news/militias-of-iraqi-christians-resist-islamic-state-amid-sectarian-strife/">"Militias of Iraqi Christians resist Islamic State amid sectarian strife"</a>. Catholic Philly. Retrieved 27 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Philly&rft.atitle=Militias+of+Iraqi+Christians+resist+Islamic+State+amid+sectarian+strife&rft.date=2016-04-29&rft.aulast=Jeffrey&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatholicphilly.com%2F2016%2F04%2Fnews%2Fworld-news%2Fmilitias-of-iraqi-christians-resist-islamic-state-amid-sectarian-strife%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-syria-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-syria_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-syria_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNabhan2014" class="citation news cs1">Nabhan, Ali A. (25 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.wsj.com/articles/sunni-rebels-take-complete-control-of-iraqs-largest-oil-refinery-1403605510">"Syrian Warplanes Strike Western Iraq, Killing at Least 50 People"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Syrian+Warplanes+Strike+Western+Iraq%2C+Killing+at+Least+50+People&rft.date=2014-06-25&rft.aulast=Nabhan&rft.aufirst=Ali+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fsunni-rebels-take-complete-control-of-iraqs-largest-oil-refinery-1403605510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarnaz_Fassihi2014" class="citation web cs1">Farnaz Fassihi (13 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.wsj.com/articles/iran-deploys-forces-to-fight-al-qaeda-inspired-militants-in-iraq-iranian-security-sources-1402592470">"Iran Deploys Forces to Fight Militants in Iraq"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Iran+Deploys+Forces+to+Fight+Militants+in+Iraq&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft.au=Farnaz+Fassihi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Firan-deploys-forces-to-fight-al-qaeda-inspired-militants-in-iraq-iranian-security-sources-1402592470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Trimble" class="citation web cs1">Stephen Trimble. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/iraq-regains-fighter-power-with-f-16iq-delivery-400140/">"Iraq regains fighter power with F-16IQ delivery"</a>. FlightGlobal. Retrieved 30 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FlightGlobal&rft.atitle=Iraq+regains+fighter+power+with+F-16IQ+delivery&rft.au=Stephen+Trimble&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Firaq-regains-fighter-power-with-f-16iq-delivery-400140%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeremy_Diamond2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Diamond_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremy Diamond (journalist)">Jeremy Diamond</a> (19 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/19/politics/obama-military-options-iraq/">"The good and the bad: President Obama's military options in Iraq"</a>. CNN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+good+and+the+bad%3A+President+Obama%27s+military+options+in+Iraq&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft.au=Jeremy+Diamond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F06%2F19%2Fpolitics%2Fobama-military-options-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated5-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28077273">"Iraq receives Russian fighter jets to fight rebels"</a>. BBC News. 29 June 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+receives+Russian+fighter+jets+to+fight+rebels&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2014-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-28077273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-peshmerga-11"><a href="#cite_ref-peshmerga_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Heuvelen" class="citation news cs1">Van Heuvelen, Ben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/amid-turmoil-iraqs-kurdish-region-is-laying-foundation-for-independent-state/2014/06/12/c1f22d7c-f26a-11e3-bf76-447a5df6411f_story.html">"Amid turmoil, Iraq's Kurdish region is laying foundation for independent state"</a>. Washington Post. Retrieved 13 June 2014. <q>Kurdistan's military forces ... have taken over many of the northernmost positions abandoned by the national army, significantly expanding the zone of Kurdish control... "In most places, we aren't bothering them [ISIL], and they aren't bothering us – or the civilians," said Lt. Gen. Shaukur Zibari, a pesh merga commander.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Amid+turmoil%2C+Iraq%27s+Kurdish+region+is+laying+foundation+for+independent+state&rft.aulast=Van+Heuvelen&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Famid-turmoil-iraqs-kurdish-region-is-laying-foundation-for-independent-state%2F2014%2F06%2F12%2Fc1f22d7c-f26a-11e3-bf76-447a5df6411f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-newname-12"><a href="#cite_ref-newname_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Withnall2014" class="citation web cs1">Adam Withnall (30 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-declares-new-islamic-state-in-middle-east-with-abu-bakr-albaghdadi-as-emir-removing-iraq-and-syria-from-its-name-9571374.html">"Iraq crisis: Isis declares its territories a new Islamic state with 'restoration of caliphate' in Middle East"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-declares-new-islamic-state-in-middle-east-with-abu-bakr-albaghdadi-as-emir-removing-iraq-and-syria-from-its-name-9571374.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+Isis+declares+its+territories+a+new+Islamic+state+with+%27restoration+of+caliphate%27+in+Middle+East&rft.date=2014-06-30&rft.au=Adam+Withnall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisis-declares-new-islamic-state-in-middle-east-with-abu-bakr-albaghdadi-as-emir-removing-iraq-and-syria-from-its-name-9571374.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/01/18/Islamist-militants-strengthen-grip-on-Iraq-s-Falluja.html">"Islamist militants strengthen grip on Iraq's Falluja"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201144825/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/01/18/Islamist-militants-strengthen-grip-on-Iraq-s-Falluja.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islamist+militants+strengthen+grip+on+Iraq%27s+Falluja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2014%2F01%2F18%2FIslamist-militants-strengthen-grip-on-Iraq-s-Falluja.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/01/18/Islamist-militants-strengthen-grip-on-Iraq-s-Falluja.html">"Islamist militants strengthen grip on Iraq's Falluja"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201144825/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/01/18/Islamist-militants-strengthen-grip-on-Iraq-s-Falluja.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islamist+militants+strengthen+grip+on+Iraq%27s+Falluja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2014%2F01%2F18%2FIslamist-militants-strengthen-grip-on-Iraq-s-Falluja.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/01/18/Islamist-militants-strengthen-grip-on-Iraq-s-Falluja.html">"Islamist militants strengthen grip on Iraq's Falluja"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201144825/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/01/18/Islamist-militants-strengthen-grip-on-Iraq-s-Falluja.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islamist+militants+strengthen+grip+on+Iraq%27s+Falluja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2014%2F01%2F18%2FIslamist-militants-strengthen-grip-on-Iraq-s-Falluja.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/01/18/Islamist-militants-strengthen-grip-on-Iraq-s-Falluja.html">"Islamist militants strengthen grip on Iraq's Falluja"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201144825/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/01/18/Islamist-militants-strengthen-grip-on-Iraq-s-Falluja.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islamist+militants+strengthen+grip+on+Iraq%27s+Falluja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2014%2F01%2F18%2FIslamist-militants-strengthen-grip-on-Iraq-s-Falluja.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/19/world/middleeast/former-loyalists-of-saddam-hussein-crucial-in-helping-isis.html?hpw&rref=world&_r=0">"Uneasy Alliance Gives Insurgents an Edge in Iraq"</a>. The New York Times. 18 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Uneasy+Alliance+Gives+Insurgents+an+Edge+in+Iraq&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F06%2F19%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fformer-loyalists-of-saddam-hussein-crucial-in-helping-isis.html%3Fhpw%26rref%3Dworld%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Salhy2014" class="citation news cs1">Al-Salhy, Suadad (18 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-falluja-idUKBREA0H08G20140118/">"Islamist militants strengthen grip on Iraq's Falluja"</a>. Reuters.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Islamist+militants+strengthen+grip+on+Iraq%27s+Falluja&rft.date=2014-01-18&rft.aulast=Al-Salhy&rft.aufirst=Suadad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iraq-falluja-idUKBREA0H08G20140118%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuir2014" class="citation web cs1">Muir, Jim (13 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27836520">"Could Iraq conflict boost Kurdish dreams of independence?"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140615040035/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27836520">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Could+Iraq+conflict+boost+Kurdish+dreams+of+independence%3F&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-27836520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdnan2014" class="citation news cs1">Adnan, Khan (19 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/the-us-debate-over-iraq-is-missing-the-most-serious-questions/article19235723/?service=mobile">"The U.S. debate over Iraq is missing the most serious questions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210807064344/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/the-us-debate-over-iraq-is-missing-the-most-serious-questions/article19235723/?service=mobile">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+debate+over+Iraq+is+missing+the+most+serious+questions&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft.aulast=Adnan&rft.aufirst=Khan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fglobe-debate%2Fthe-us-debate-over-iraq-is-missing-the-most-serious-questions%2Farticle19235723%2F%3Fservice%3Dmobile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._Dougherty2019" class="citation book cs1">K. Dougherty, Beth, ed. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d-mUDwAAQBAJ">Historical Dictionary of Iraq</a> (3 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 267. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781538120057" title="Special:BookSources/9781538120057"><bdi>9781538120057</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Iraq&rft.pages=267&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781538120057&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd-mUDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProthero2014" class="citation news cs1">Prothero, Mitch (24 July 2014). "Analysis: The Iraqi Army's collapse". <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Defence_Weekly" title="Jane's Defence Weekly">Jane's Defence Weekly</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jane%27s+Defence+Weekly&rft.atitle=Analysis%3A+The+Iraqi+Army%27s+collapse&rft.date=2014-07-24&rft.aulast=Prothero&rft.aufirst=Mitch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> "In June 2014 the weakened Iraqi Security Forces finally cracked: nineteen Iraqi Army brigades and six Federal Police brigades disintegrated, a quarter of Iraq’s security forces. These losses comprised all of the Ninawa-based 2nd and 3rd Iraqi Army divisions; the entire Mosul-based 3rd Federal Police division; most of the Salah al-Din-based 4th Iraqi Army division; all of the Kirkuk-based 12th Iraqi Army division; plus at least five southern Iraqi Army brigades that had previously been redeployed to the Syrian border." Michael Knights. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20150209-iraq-ground-offensive-islamic-state-group-bomb-attack">"Iraq to launch major ground offensive against IS group"</a>. France 24. 9 February 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Iraq+to+launch+major+ground+offensive+against+IS+group&rft.date=2015-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20150209-iraq-ground-offensive-islamic-state-group-bomb-attack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrban2014" class="citation news cs1">Urban, Mark (23 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27979095">"Iraq crisis: Where next in the struggle for the country?"</a>. BBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+Where+next+in+the+struggle+for+the+country%3F&rft.date=2014-06-23&rft.aulast=Urban&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-27979095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas2014" class="citation web cs1">Lucas, Mary Grace (12 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2014/10/12/politics/isis-baghdad-martin-dempsey/index.html">"ISIS nearly made it to Baghdad airport, top U.S. military leader says | CNN Politics"</a>. CNN. Retrieved 10 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=ISIS+nearly+made+it+to+Baghdad+airport%2C+top+U.S.+military+leader+says+%7C+CNN+Politics&rft.date=2014-10-12&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Mary+Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F10%2F12%2Fpolitics%2Fisis-baghdad-martin-dempsey%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-carrier-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-carrier_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-carrier_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-carrier_26-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-carrier_26-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140617173615/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/iraq-crisis-us-orders/1161288.html">"Iraq crisis: US orders aircraft carrier to Gulf, Iran offers help"</a>. Channel NewsAsia. 15 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/iraq-crisis-us-orders/1161288.html">the original</a> on 17 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+US+orders+aircraft+carrier+to+Gulf%2C+Iran+offers+help&rft.pub=Channel+NewsAsia&rft.date=2014-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Firaq-crisis-us-orders%2F1161288.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/iraq-army-recaptures-salahuddin-cities-towns-isil/">"Iraq Army recaptures Salahuddin cities and towns from ISIL"</a>. Iraqinews.com. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+Army+recaptures+Salahuddin+cities+and+towns+from+ISIL&rft.pub=Iraqinews.com&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iraqinews.com%2Firaq-war%2Firaq-army-recaptures-salahuddin-cities-towns-isil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/krise-im-irak-warum-die-kurden-die-grossen-gewinner-sind-1.2005824">"Warum die Kurden die großen Gewinner sind"</a>. Süddeutsche zeitung. 18 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche+zeitung&rft.atitle=Warum+die+Kurden+die+gro%C3%9Fen+Gewinner+sind&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fpolitik%2Fkrise-im-irak-warum-die-kurden-die-grossen-gewinner-sind-1.2005824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArangoAl-SalhyGladstone2014" class="citation news cs1">Arango, Tim; Al-Salhy, Suadad; Gladstone, Rick (12 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/13/world/middleeast/iraq.html">"Kurdish Fighters Take a Key Oil City as Militants Advance on Baghdad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 1 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kurdish+Fighters+Take+a+Key+Oil+City+as+Militants+Advance+on+Baghdad&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft.aulast=Arango&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Al-Salhy%2C+Suadad&rft.au=Gladstone%2C+Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F06%2F13%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-Qurashi-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-al-Qurashi_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Qurashi_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Tamimi2023" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aymenn_Jawad_Al-Tamimi" title="Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi">Al-Tamimi, Aymenn</a> (11 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meforum.org/64807/a-brief-biography-of-abu-ibrahim-al-hashimi-al">"A Brief Biography of Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi: The Islamic State's Second Caliph"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Forum" title="Middle East Forum">Middle East Forum</a>. Retrieved 23 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+Biography+of+Abu+Ibrahim+al-Hashimi+al-Qurashi%3A+The+Islamic+State%27s+Second+Caliph&rft.pub=Middle+East+Forum&rft.date=2023-09-11&rft.aulast=Al-Tamimi&rft.aufirst=Aymenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meforum.org%2F64807%2Fa-brief-biography-of-abu-ibrahim-al-hashimi-al&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peter_Beaumont-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peter_Beaumont_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peter_Beaumont_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peter_Beaumont_31-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Beaumont2014" class="citation web cs1">Peter Beaumont (12 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/12/how-battle-ready-isis-iraqi-army-peshmerga">"How effective is Isis compared with the Iraqi army and Kurdish peshmerga?"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+effective+is+Isis+compared+with+the+Iraqi+army+and+Kurdish+peshmerga%3F&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft.au=Peter+Beaumont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjun%2F12%2Fhow-battle-ready-isis-iraqi-army-peshmerga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/17995950/iraqi-forces-are-much-stronger-than-isis-but-the-iraqi-army-is-kind-of-a-mess">"Iraqi forces are much stronger than ISIS, but the Iraqi army is kind of a mess"</a>. Vox. 20 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Iraqi+forces+are+much+stronger+than+ISIS%2C+but+the+Iraqi+army+is+kind+of+a+mess&rft.date=2018-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2018%2F11%2F20%2F17995950%2Firaqi-forces-are-much-stronger-than-isis-but-the-iraqi-army-is-kind-of-a-mess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian1-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian1_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/14/iran-iraq-isis-fight-militants-nouri-maliki?CMP=fb_gu">"Iran sends troops into Iraq to aid fight against Isis militants"</a>. The Guardian. 14 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Iran+sends+troops+into+Iraq+to+aid+fight+against+Isis+militants&rft.date=2014-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjun%2F14%2Firan-iraq-isis-fight-militants-nouri-maliki%3FCMP%3Dfb_gu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/13/world/middleeast/us-to-send-130-more-military-advisers-to-iraq.html">"In Increase, U.S. to Send 130 Advisers to Aid Iraqis"</a>. The New York Times. 13 August 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Increase%2C+U.S.+to+Send+130+Advisers+to+Aid+Iraqis&rft.date=2014-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F08%2F13%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fus-to-send-130-more-military-advisers-to-iraq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rudaw.net/arabic/middleeast/iraq/011120148">"احصائية رسمية: 1997 العدد الكلي لمفقودي مجزرتي سبايكر وبادوش"</a>. Rudaw. Retrieved 30 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9%3A+1997+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A+%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A+%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1+%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frudaw.net%2Farabic%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F011120148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2013" class="citation news cs1">Morris, Loveday (28 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/iraq-disintegrating-as-insurgents-advance-kurds-seize-kirkuk/2014/06/12/22e79e2b-f793-4120-8161-36f17c287e5f_story.html">"Iraq disintegrating as insurgents advance toward capital; Kurds seize Kirkuk"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Iraq+disintegrating+as+insurgents+advance+toward+capital%3B+Kurds+seize+Kirkuk&rft.date=2013-10-28&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Loveday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Firaq-disintegrating-as-insurgents-advance-kurds-seize-kirkuk%2F2014%2F06%2F12%2F22e79e2b-f793-4120-8161-36f17c287e5f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-team-up-37"><a href="#cite_ref-team-up_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_WeaverTom_McCarthyRaya_Jalabi2014" class="citation web cs1">Matthew Weaver; Tom McCarthy; Raya Jalabi (16 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/middle-east-live/2014/jun/16/iraq-crisis-us-could-team-up-with-iran-live-updates#block-539eab0de4b0d4438458c167">"Iraq crisis: US could team-up with Iran – live updates"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+US+could+team-up+with+Iran+%E2%80%93+live+updates&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft.au=Matthew+Weaver&rft.au=Tom+McCarthy&rft.au=Raya+Jalabi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east-live%2F2014%2Fjun%2F16%2Firaq-crisis-us-could-team-up-with-iran-live-updates%23block-539eab0de4b0d4438458c167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolnaz_Esfandiari2014" class="citation web cs1">Golnaz Esfandiari (16 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/iran-iraq-irgc-death-isil-moshajari/25424430.html">"Iran IRGC's First 'Martyr' Versus ISIL?"</a>. Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iran+IRGC%27s+First+%27Martyr%27+Versus+ISIL%3F&rft.pub=Radio+Free+Europe+Radio+Liberty&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft.au=Golnaz+Esfandiari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fcontent%2Firan-iraq-irgc-death-isil-moshajari%2F25424430.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmir_Vahdat2014" class="citation web cs1">Amir Vahdat (25 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navytimes.com/article/20140625/NEWS08/306250077/3-Iranian-troops-killed-attack-near-Iraq-border">"3 Iranian troops killed in attack near Iraq border"</a>. Navy Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Navy+Times&rft.atitle=3+Iranian+troops+killed+in+attack+near+Iraq+border&rft.date=2014-06-25&rft.au=Amir+Vahdat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navytimes.com%2Farticle%2F20140625%2FNEWS08%2F306250077%2F3-Iranian-troops-killed-attack-near-Iraq-border&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/iraq-civil-war-2014.htm">"Iraq Civil War - 2014"</a>. GlobalSecurity.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GlobalSecurity&rft.atitle=Iraq+Civil+War+-+2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Fworld%2Fwar%2Firaq-civil-war-2014.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011205349/http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/english/2014/07/iraq-civilian-death-toll-continues-to-climb/#.VM6Lf2jF-yE">"Iraq civilian death toll continues to climb"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/english/2014/07/iraq-civilian-death-toll-continues-to-climb/#.VM6Lf2jF-yE">the original</a> on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+civilian+death+toll+continues+to+climb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unmultimedia.org%2Fradio%2Fenglish%2F2014%2F07%2Firaq-civilian-death-toll-continues-to-climb%2F%23.VM6Lf2jF-yE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://original.antiwar.com/updates/2014/06/24/over-4000-killed-in-iraq-so-far-in-june/">"Over 4,000 Killed Across Iraq So Far in June"</a>. Antiwar. 25 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Antiwar&rft.atitle=Over+4%2C000+Killed+Across+Iraq+So+Far+in+June&rft.date=2014-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foriginal.antiwar.com%2Fupdates%2F2014%2F06%2F24%2Fover-4000-killed-in-iraq-so-far-in-june%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-28009349">"US forces arrive in Baghdad to advise Iraqi troops"</a>. BBC. 25 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+forces+arrive+in+Baghdad+to+advise+Iraqi+troops&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2014-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-28009349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28069800">"Iraq army 'routs Isis rebels' in offensive on Tikrit"</a>. BBC News. 28 June 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iraq+army+%27routs+Isis+rebels%27+in+offensive+on+Tikrit&rft.date=2014-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-28069800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/20/world/meast/iraq-crisis/">"More than 1 million Iraqis have fled their homes as ISIS continues armed siege"</a>. CNN. 21 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=More+than+1+million+Iraqis+have+fled+their+homes+as+ISIS+continues+armed+siege&rft.date=2014-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F06%2F20%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Firaq-crisis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alfajertv.com/news/1408217.html">"ISIS captures hundreds of the military, and a fast fall of Northern Iraq"</a>. Alfajer. 12 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alfajer&rft.atitle=ISIS+captures+hundreds+of+the+military%2C+and+a+fast+fall+of+Northern+Iraq&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alfajertv.com%2Fnews%2F1408217.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirkuk-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kirkuk_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirkuk_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirkuk_47-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirkuk_47-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirkuk_47-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaseedColes2014" class="citation news cs1">Raseed, Ahmed; Coles, Isabella (13 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN0EN0RV20140613?irpc=932">"Obama warns of U.S. action as jihadists push on Baghdad"</a>. Reuters. Retrieved 13 June 2014. <q>Iraqi Kurdish forces took advantage of the chaos to take control of the oil hub of Kirkuk as the troops of the Shi'ite-led government abandoned posts, alarming Baghdad's allies both in the West and in neighboring Shi'ite regional power Iran... Kurds have long dreamed of taking Kirkuk and its huge oil reserves. They regard the city, just outside their autonomous region, as their historic capital, and peshmerga units were already present in an uneasy balance with government forces.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Obama+warns+of+U.S.+action+as+jihadists+push+on+Baghdad&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft.aulast=Raseed&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft.au=Coles%2C+Isabella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSKBN0EN0RV20140613%3Firpc%3D932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/story/20146126958946438">[1]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.net/news/arabic/2015/6/20/قائد-عسكري-سابق-المالكي-أمر-بسحب">"قائد عسكري سابق: المالكي أمر بسحب القوات من الموصل"</a>. www.aljazeera.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 8 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.net&rft.atitle=%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF+%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%3A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A+%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.net%2Fnews%2Farabic%2F2015%2F6%2F20%2F%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27966774">"Sunni militants 'seize Iraq's western border crossings'"</a>. BBC. 23 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunni+militants+%27seize+Iraq%27s+western+border+crossings%27&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2014-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-27966774&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_51-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/6/13/obamaa-s-iraq-dilemmafightingisilputsusandiranonthesameside.html">"Obama's Iraq dilemma: Fighting ISIL puts US and Iran on the same side"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obama%27s+Iraq+dilemma%3A+Fighting+ISIL+puts+US+and+Iran+on+the+same+side&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famerica.aljazeera.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F6%2F13%2Fobamaa-s-iraq-dilemmafightingisilputsusandiranonthesameside.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140104212909/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jan-04/243100-fallujah-outside-iraq-government-control-security-official.ashx">"Iraq's Fallujah falls to 'Qaeda-linked' militants"</a>. Daily Star. 4 January 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jan-04/243100-fallujah-outside-iraq-government-control-security-official.ashx">the original</a> on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Iraq%27s+Fallujah+falls+to+%27Qaeda-linked%27+militants&rft.date=2014-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2014%2FJan-04%2F243100-fallujah-outside-iraq-government-control-security-official.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CEIP-53"><a href="#cite_ref-CEIP_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassan2014" class="citation web cs1">Hassan, Hassan (17 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carnegieendowment.org/sada/2014/06/17/more-than-isis-iraq-s-sunni-insurgency/hdvi">"More Than ISIL, Iraq's Sunni Insurgency"</a>. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 20 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.atitle=More+Than+ISIL%2C+Iraq%27s+Sunni+Insurgency&rft.date=2014-06-17&rft.aulast=Hassan&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2Fsada%2F2014%2F06%2F17%2Fmore-than-isis-iraq-s-sunni-insurgency%2Fhdvi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-libe-54"><a href="#cite_ref-libe_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="lib" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140613094357/http://www.liberation.fr/monde/2014/06/10/la-deuxieme-plus-grande-ville-d-irak-aux-mains-des-insurges_1037307">"Une province irakienne entière aux mains des jihadistes"</a>. Liberation. Agence France-Presse. 10 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberation.fr/monde/2014/06/10/la-deuxieme-plus-grande-ville-d-irak-aux-mains-des-insurges_1037307">the original</a> on 13 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Liberation&rft.atitle=Une+province+irakienne+enti%C3%A8re+aux+mains+des+jihadistes&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Fmonde%2F2014%2F06%2F10%2Fla-deuxieme-plus-grande-ville-d-irak-aux-mains-des-insurges_1037307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_55-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahimAl-Salhy2014" class="citation news cs1">Fahim, Kareem; Al-Salhy, Suadad (10 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/world/middleeast/militants-in-mosul.html">"Sunni Militants Drive Iraqi Army Out of Mosul"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 10 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sunni+Militants+Drive+Iraqi+Army+Out+of+Mosul&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft.aulast=Fahim&rft.aufirst=Kareem&rft.au=Al-Salhy%2C+Suadad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F06%2F11%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fmilitants-in-mosul.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iswiraq.blogspot.com-56"><a href="#cite_ref-iswiraq.blogspot.com_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iswiraq.blogspot.com/2014/01/iraq-update-42-al-qaeda-in-iraq-patrols.html">"Iraq Update #42: Al-Qaeda in Iraq Patrols Fallujah; Aims for Ramadi, Mosul, Baghdad"</a>. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 5 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iraq+Update+%2342%3A+Al-Qaeda+in+Iraq+Patrols+Fallujah%3B+Aims+for+Ramadi%2C+Mosul%2C+Baghdad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiswiraq.blogspot.com%2F2014%2F01%2Firaq-update-42-al-qaeda-in-iraq-patrols.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/isil-declares-new-islamic-caliphate-201462917326669749.html">"Sunni rebels declare new 'Islamic caliphate'"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 30 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunni+rebels+declare+new+%27Islamic+caliphate%27&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2014%2F06%2Fisil-declares-new-islamic-caliphate-201462917326669749.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140619191633/http://www.cfr.org/iraq/can-iraq-survive-isis-storm/p33143">"Can Iraq Survive the ISIS Storm?"</a>. Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfr.org/iraq/can-iraq-survive-isis-storm/p33143">the original</a> on 19 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Can+Iraq+Survive+the+ISIS+Storm%3F&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Firaq%2Fcan-iraq-survive-isis-storm%2Fp33143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTharoor" class="citation news cs1">Tharoor, Ishaan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/06/16/iraqs-crisis-dont-forget-the-2003-u-s-invasion/">"Iraq's crisis: Don't forget the 2003 U.S. invasion"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Iraq%27s+crisis%3A+Don%27t+forget+the+2003+U.S.+invasion&rft.aulast=Tharoor&rft.aufirst=Ishaan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2014%2F06%2F16%2Firaqs-crisis-dont-forget-the-2003-u-s-invasion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSLAUGHTER2014" class="citation news cs1">SLAUGHTER, ANNE-MARIE (17 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/18/opinion/dont-fight-in-iraq-and-ignore-syria.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar&_r=0">"Don't Fight in Iraq and Ignore Syria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Don%27t+Fight+in+Iraq+and+Ignore+Syria&rft.date=2014-06-17&rft.aulast=SLAUGHTER&rft.aufirst=ANNE-MARIE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F06%2F18%2Fopinion%2Fdont-fight-in-iraq-and-ignore-syria.html%3Fmodule%3DSearch%26mabReward%3Drelbias%253Ar%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFareed_Zakaria2014" class="citation news cs1">Fareed Zakaria (18 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fareed-zakaria-us-fuel-to-the-middle-east-fire/2014/01/16/489c2424-7ef1-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html">"Fareed Zakaria: U.S. fuel to the Middle East fire"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Fareed+Zakaria%3A+U.S.+fuel+to+the+Middle+East+fire&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft.au=Fareed+Zakaria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Ffareed-zakaria-us-fuel-to-the-middle-east-fire%2F2014%2F01%2F16%2F489c2424-7ef1-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorzou_Daragahi2014" class="citation web cs1">Borzou Daragahi (27 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b6f93e4e-e584-11e3-8b90-00144feabdc0.html">"Middle East: Three nations, one conflict"</a>. Financial Times. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Middle+East%3A+Three+nations%2C+one+conflict&rft.date=2014-05-27&rft.au=Borzou+Daragahi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fb6f93e4e-e584-11e3-8b90-00144feabdc0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/nouri-al-maliki-s-divisive-rule-helped-create-crisis-in-iraq-1.2678343">"Nouri al-Maliki's divisive rule helped create crisis in Iraq"</a>. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 19 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nouri+al-Maliki%27s+divisive+rule+helped+create+crisis+in+Iraq&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fnouri-al-maliki-s-divisive-rule-helped-create-crisis-in-iraq-1.2678343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/19/iraq-maliki-us-strikes-air-isis-sunni">"Iraq's Maliki: I won't quit as condition of US strikes against Isis militants"</a>. The Guardian. 19 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Iraq%27s+Maliki%3A+I+won%27t+quit+as+condition+of+US+strikes+against+Isis+militants&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjun%2F19%2Firaq-maliki-us-strikes-air-isis-sunni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowning2014" class="citation web cs1">Browning, Noah (18 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-iraq-security-idUSKBN0ET1J820140618">"Saudis give apparent warning to Iran: don't meddle in Iraq"</a>. Reuters. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudis+give+apparent+warning+to+Iran%3A+don%27t+meddle+in+Iraq&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft.aulast=Browning&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-saudi-iraq-security-idUSKBN0ET1J820140618&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foreignpolicy-66"><a href="#cite_ref-Foreignpolicy_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothkopf" class="citation web cs1">Rothkopf, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/06/12/iraq_mosul_isis_sunni_shiite_divide_iran_saudi_arabia_syria">"The Battle for Iraq Is a Saudi War on Iran"</a>. Foreign Policy. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Battle+for+Iraq+Is+a+Saudi+War+on+Iran&rft.aulast=Rothkopf&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F06%2F12%2Firaq_mosul_isis_sunni_shiite_divide_iran_saudi_arabia_syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosh_Rogin2014" class="citation news cs1">Josh Rogin (14 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/06/14/america-s-allies-are-funding-isis.html">"America's Allies Are Funding ISIS"</a>. The Daily Beast. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=America%27s+Allies+Are+Funding+ISIS&rft.date=2014-06-14&rft.au=Josh+Rogin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F06%2F14%2Famerica-s-allies-are-funding-isis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss2014" class="citation web cs1">Weiss, Michael (23 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/06/23/iran_is_funding_isis_syria_iraq_proxy_war">"Trust Iran Only as Far as You Can Throw It"</a>. Foreign Policy. Retrieved 11 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Trust+Iran+Only+as+Far+as+You+Can+Throw+It&rft.date=2014-06-23&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F06%2F23%2Firan_is_funding_isis_syria_iraq_proxy_war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated4-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_69-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Chulov_in_Baghdad_and_Fazel_Hawramy_in_Irbil2014" class="citation web cs1">Martin Chulov in Baghdad and Fazel Hawramy in Irbil (17 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/17/iraq-army-collapse-questions-theories">"Iraqis raise questions over army's collapse as jihadi advance slows"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Iraqis+raise+questions+over+army%27s+collapse+as+jihadi+advance+slows&rft.date=2014-06-17&rft.au=Martin+Chulov+in+Baghdad+and+Fazel+Hawramy+in+Irbil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjun%2F17%2Firaq-army-collapse-questions-theories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherlock2014" class="citation news cs1">Sherlock, Ruth (13 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10899134/Iraq-crisis-Generals-in-army-handed-over-entire-city-to-al-Qaeda-inspired-ISIS-forces.html">"Iraq crisis: Generals in army 'handed over' entire city to al-Qaeda inspired ISIS forces"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+Generals+in+army+%27handed+over%27+entire+city+to+al-Qaeda+inspired+ISIS+forces&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft.aulast=Sherlock&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F10899134%2FIraq-crisis-Generals-in-army-handed-over-entire-city-to-al-Qaeda-inspired-ISIS-forces.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/19/world/middleeast/former-loyalists-of-saddam-hussein-crucial-in-helping-isis.html?hpw&rref=world&_r=0">"Uneasy Alliance Gives Insurgents an Edge in Iraq"</a>. The New York Times. 18 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Uneasy+Alliance+Gives+Insurgents+an+Edge+in+Iraq&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F06%2F19%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fformer-loyalists-of-saddam-hussein-crucial-in-helping-isis.html%3Fhpw%26rref%3Dworld%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAryn_Baker2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Aryn Baker (18 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/2894757/iraq-al-qaeda-awakening-council/">"Why Iraq's Awakening Councils Can't Save the Country From al-Qaeda This Time"</a>. Time. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Why+Iraq%27s+Awakening+Councils+Can%27t+Save+the+Country+From+al-Qaeda+This+Time&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft.au=Aryn+Baker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F2894757%2Firaq-al-qaeda-awakening-council%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnights2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Knights, Michael (30 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/118356/izzat-ibrahim-al-douri-saddam-husseins-pal-key-stopping-isis">"Saddam Hussein's Faithful Friend, the King of Clubs, Might Be the Key to Saving Iraq"</a>. New Republic. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Republic&rft.atitle=Saddam+Hussein%27s+Faithful+Friend%2C+the+King+of+Clubs%2C+Might+Be+the+Key+to+Saving+Iraq&rft.date=2006-12-30&rft.aulast=Knights&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F118356%2Fizzat-ibrahim-al-douri-saddam-husseins-pal-key-stopping-isis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328230937/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jun-05/258988-six-killed-as-militants-assault-iraqs-samarra.ashx">"Six killed as militants overrun Iraq's Samarra"</a>. Daily Star. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jun-05/258988-six-killed-as-militants-assault-iraqs-samarra.ashx">the original</a> on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Six+killed+as+militants+overrun+Iraq%27s+Samarra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2014%2FJun-05%2F258988-six-killed-as-militants-assault-iraqs-samarra.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-75"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_75-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassan2014" class="citation news cs1">Hassan, Ghazwan (5 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-security-idUSKBN0EG1RG20140605">"Iraq dislodges insurgents from city of Samarra with airstrikes"</a>. Reuters. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Iraq+dislodges+insurgents+from+city+of+Samarra+with+airstrikes&rft.date=2014-06-05&rft.aulast=Hassan&rft.aufirst=Ghazwan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iraq-security-idUSKBN0EG1RG20140605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21604160-iraqs-second-city-has-fallen-group-wants-create-state-which-wage-jihad">"The capture of Mosul: Terror's new headquarters"</a>. The Economist.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+capture+of+Mosul%3A+Terror%27s+new+headquarters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fleaders%2F21604160-iraqs-second-city-has-fallen-group-wants-create-state-which-wage-jihad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-raging-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-raging_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-raging_77-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-raging_77-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-raging_77-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-raging_77-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-raging_77-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-raging_77-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306212437/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-gharawi-special-report-idUKKCN0I30ZA20141014">"Special report – How Mosul fell: An Iraqi general disputes Baghdad's story"</a>. Reuters. 14 October 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-gharawi-special-report-idUKKCN0I30ZA20141014">the original</a> on 6 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Special+report+%E2%80%93+How+Mosul+fell%3A+An+Iraqi+general+disputes+Baghdad%27s+story&rft.date=2014-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-mideast-crisis-gharawi-special-report-idUKKCN0I30ZA20141014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiad_al-Sinjary2014" class="citation news cs1">Ziad al-Sinjary (6 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018155049/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-iraq-security-idUKKBN0EH1YD20140606">"Insurgents fight Iraqi forces in city of Mosul"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-iraq-security-idUKKBN0EH1YD20140606">the original</a> on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Insurgents+fight+Iraqi+forces+in+city+of+Mosul&rft.date=2014-06-06&rft.au=Ziad+al-Sinjary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-iraq-security-idUKKBN0EH1YD20140606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/world/regions/middle-east/59895-heavy-clashes-suicide-bombings-mosul-iraq">"Heavy clashes, suicide bombings kill 36 in north Iraq"</a>. Rappler.com. 7 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heavy+clashes%2C+suicide+bombings+kill+36+in+north+Iraq&rft.pub=Rappler.com&rft.date=2014-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fworld%2Fregions%2Fmiddle-east%2F59895-heavy-clashes-suicide-bombings-mosul-iraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-80"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albawaba.com/news/mosul-violence-iraq-581854">"At least 59 Iraqis killed in Mosul violence"</a>. Albawaba.com. 7 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=At+least+59+Iraqis+killed+in+Mosul+violence&rft.pub=Albawaba.com&rft.date=2014-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albawaba.com%2Fnews%2Fmosul-violence-iraq-581854&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jun-08/259301-double-bombing-at-party-office-kills-19-in-iraq.ashx">"Bombing of PUK HQ in Diyala leaves 18 dead"</a>. The Daily Star. Lebanon. 8 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Bombing+of+PUK+HQ+in+Diyala+leaves+18+dead&rft.date=2014-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2014%2FJun-08%2F259301-double-bombing-at-party-office-kills-19-in-iraq.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140816234908/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/jihadists-seize-areas-in/1144692.html">"Jihadists seize areas in Iraq's Kirkuk province, say police"</a>. Channel NewsAsia. 11 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/jihadists-seize-areas-in/1144692.html">the original</a> on 16 August 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jihadists+seize+areas+in+Iraq%27s+Kirkuk+province%2C+say+police&rft.pub=Channel+NewsAsia&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fjihadists-seize-areas-in%2F1144692.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140612010149/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10892299/Iraq-crisis-al-Qaeda-forces-seize-Mosul-and-Tikrit-as-it-happened.html">"Iraq crisis: al-Qaeda forces seize Mosul and Tikrit – as it happened"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. 13 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10892299/Iraq-crisis-al-Qaeda-forces-seize-Mosul-and-Tikrit-as-it-happened.html">the original</a> on 12 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+al-Qaeda+forces+seize+Mosul+and+Tikrit+%E2%80%93+as+it+happened&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F10892299%2FIraq-crisis-al-Qaeda-forces-seize-Mosul-and-Tikrit-as-it-happened.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27809051">"Iraqi Kurds 'fully control Kirkuk' as army flees"</a>. BBC. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraqi+Kurds+%27fully+control+Kirkuk%27+as+army+flees&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-27809051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherlock2014" class="citation news cs1">Sherlock, Ruth (12 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10896557/Iraq-crisis-al-Qaeda-inspired-forces-battle-Kurdish-fighters-on-the-frontline-of-a-new-war.html">"Iraq crisis: al-Qaeda inspired forces battle Kurdish fighters on the frontline of a new war"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+al-Qaeda+inspired+forces+battle+Kurdish+fighters+on+the+frontline+of+a+new+war&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft.aulast=Sherlock&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F10896557%2FIraq-crisis-al-Qaeda-inspired-forces-battle-Kurdish-fighters-on-the-frontline-of-a-new-war.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wapo-86"><a href="#cite_ref-wapo_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlyRamadan2014" class="citation news cs1">Sly, Liz; Ramadan, Ahmed (10 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/insurgents-seize-iraqi-city-of-mosul-as-troops-flee/2014/06/10/21061e87-8fcd-4ed3-bc94-0e309af0a674_story.html?hpid=z1">"Insurgents seize Iraqi city of Mosul as troops flee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved 10 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Insurgents+seize+Iraqi+city+of+Mosul+as+troops+flee&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft.aulast=Sly&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft.au=Ramadan%2C+Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Finsurgents-seize-iraqi-city-of-mosul-as-troops-flee%2F2014%2F06%2F10%2F21061e87-8fcd-4ed3-bc94-0e309af0a674_story.html%3Fhpid%3Dz1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2014/06/12/le-nord-sunnite-de-l-irak-aux-mains-de-l-eiil_4436797_3218.html">"Le nord sunnite de l'Irak aux mains de l'EIIL"</a>. Le Monde. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Le+nord+sunnite+de+l%27Irak+aux+mains+de+l%27EIIL&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fproche-orient%2Farticle%2F2014%2F06%2F12%2Fle-nord-sunnite-de-l-irak-aux-mains-de-l-eiil_4436797_3218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305203431/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-iraq-security-idUKKBN0GP0L220140825">"U.N. accuses Islamic State of mass killings"</a>. Reuters. 25 August 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-iraq-security-idUKKBN0GP0L220140825">the original</a> on 5 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.N.+accuses+Islamic+State+of+mass+killings&rft.date=2014-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-iraq-security-idUKKBN0GP0L220140825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-longwarjournal-2-89"><a href="#cite_ref-longwarjournal-2_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBill_Roggio2014" class="citation web cs1">Bill Roggio (10 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/06/isis_take_control_of.php">"ISIS takes control of Mosul, Iraq's second largest city"</a>. The Long War Journal. Retrieved 22 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+takes+control+of+Mosul%2C+Iraq%27s+second+largest+city&rft.pub=The+Long+War+Journal&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft.au=Bill+Roggio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2014%2F06%2Fisis_take_control_of.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140616012448/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-350080-isil-fighters-seize-48-turks-at-consulate-in-iraqs-mosul.html">"ISIL fighters seize 48 Turks at consulate in Iraq's Mosul"</a>. Today's Zaman. 11 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-350080-isil-fighters-seize-48-turks-at-consulate-in-iraqs-mosul.html">the original</a> on 16 June 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Today%27s+Zaman&rft.atitle=ISIL+fighters+seize+48+Turks+at+consulate+in+Iraq%27s+Mosul&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2Fnews-350080-isil-fighters-seize-48-turks-at-consulate-in-iraqs-mosul.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/isil-kidnaps-turkish-consul-special-forces-several-others-in-iraq.aspx?pageID=238&nID=67660&NewsCatID=352">"ISIL kidnaps Turkish consul, special forces, children in northern Iraqi hotspot"</a>. Hürriyet Daily News. 11 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=ISIL+kidnaps+Turkish+consul%2C+special+forces%2C+children+in+northern+Iraqi+hotspot&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fisil-kidnaps-turkish-consul-special-forces-several-others-in-iraq.aspx%3FpageID%3D238%26nID%3D67660%26NewsCatID%3D352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140620024403/http://www.alhurra.com/content/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%aa-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%b4-%d9%87%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a1-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%81%d8%a9/251483.html">"ISIS just outside Samarra and Iran presents its support to Iraq"</a>. AlHurra. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alhurra.com/content/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AA-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A1-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A9/251483.html">the original</a> on 20 June 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=ISIS+just+outside+Samarra+and+Iran+presents+its+support+to+Iraq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alhurra.com%2Fcontent%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25B5%25D9%2584-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25B7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B4-%25D9%2587%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D8%25A1-%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7-%25D9%2582%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B5%25D9%2581%25D8%25A9%2F251483.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2014" class="citation news cs1">Johnston, Chris (20 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/20/isis-releases-hostages-turkish-consulate-mosul">"Isis militants release 49 hostages taken at Turkish consulate in Mosul"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Isis+militants+release+49+hostages+taken+at+Turkish+consulate+in+Mosul&rft.date=2014-09-20&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fsep%2F20%2Fisis-releases-hostages-turkish-consulate-mosul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iraq,_ISIL_and_the_region's_choices-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iraq,_ISIL_and_the_region's_choices_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iraq,_ISIL_and_the_region's_choices_94-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/06/iraq-isil-mosul-2014612121744334979.html">"Iraq, ISIL and the region's choices"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq%2C+ISIL+and+the+region%27s+choices&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Fopinion%2F2014%2F06%2Firaq-isil-mosul-2014612121744334979.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Mosul.html">"Mosul"</a>. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mosul&rft.pub=Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fdoc%2F1E1-Mosul.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatali2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Denise_Natali" title="Denise Natali">Natali, Denise</a> (13 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/06/kurds-isis-mosul-maliki-krg-gains-leverage.html">"Iraqi Kurds maneuver between Maliki and Mosul"</a>. Al Monitor. Retrieved 14 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Monitor&rft.atitle=Iraqi+Kurds+maneuver+between+Maliki+and+Mosul&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft.aulast=Natali&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2014%2F06%2Fkurds-isis-mosul-maliki-krg-gains-leverage.html%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchreck2014" class="citation news cs1">Schreck, Adam (10 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140610233721/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/iraq-militants-seize-provincial-hq-in-mosul-city/2014/06/10/0f78879c-f06a-11e3-ba99-4469323d5076_story.html">"Militants overrun most of major Iraqi city"</a>. Washington Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/iraq-militants-seize-provincial-hq-in-mosul-city/2014/06/10/0f78879c-f06a-11e3-ba99-4469323d5076_story.html">the original</a> on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Militants+overrun+most+of+major+Iraqi+city&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft.aulast=Schreck&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Firaq-militants-seize-provincial-hq-in-mosul-city%2F2014%2F06%2F10%2F0f78879c-f06a-11e3-ba99-4469323d5076_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140618233122/http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/20182">"Iraq: Understanding the coup in Mosul and its consequences"</a>. English.al-akhbar.com. 14 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/20182/">the original</a> on 18 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq%3A+Understanding+the+coup+in+Mosul+and+its+consequences&rft.pub=English.al-akhbar.com&rft.date=2014-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.al-akhbar.com%2Fnode%2F20182%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archbishop_Amel_Nona-99"><a href="#cite_ref-Archbishop_Amel_Nona_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2014/06/12/mosul_now_emptied_of_christians,_says_archbishop/1101658">"Mosul now emptied of Christians, says Archbishop"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a>. Retrieved 17 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican+Radio&rft.atitle=Mosul+now+emptied+of+Christians%2C+says+Archbishop&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.radiovaticana.va%2Fnews%2F2014%2F06%2F12%2Fmosul_now_emptied_of_christians%2C_says_archbishop%2F1101658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AlJazeera2-100"><a href="#cite_ref-AlJazeera2_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/tens-thousands-flee-unrest-iraq-mosul-201461175824711415.html">"Half a million flee unrest in Iraq's Mosul"</a>. Al Jazeera. 11 June 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Half+a+million+flee+unrest+in+Iraq%27s+Mosul&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2014%2F06%2Ftens-thousands-flee-unrest-iraq-mosul-201461175824711415.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-capitulates-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capitulates_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capitulates_101-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/middle-east/iraq-army-capitulates-to-isis-militants-in-4-cities-1.1828973">"Iraq army capitulates to Isis militants in 4 cities"</a>. The Irish Times. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Iraq+army+capitulates+to+Isis+militants+in+4+cities&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Firaq-army-capitulates-to-isis-militants-in-4-cities-1.1828973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AlJazeera3-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AlJazeera3_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlJazeera3_102-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlJazeera3_102-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/iraqi-city-tikrit-falls-isil-fighters-2014611135333576799.html">"Iraqi city of Tikrit falls to ISIL fighters"</a>. Al Jazeera. 11 June 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iraqi+city+of+Tikrit+falls+to+ISIL+fighters&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2014%2F06%2Firaqi-city-tikrit-falls-isil-fighters-2014611135333576799.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140612164357/http://www.trust.org/item/20140611125744-34r69">"Insurgents overrun parts of Iraqi city of Tikrit"</a>. Trust.org via Reuters. 11 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trust.org/item/20140611125744-34r69">the original</a> on 12 June 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trust.org+via+Reuters&rft.atitle=Insurgents+overrun+parts+of+Iraqi+city+of+Tikrit&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trust.org%2Fitem%2F20140611125744-34r69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jun-11/259731-iraqs-tikrit-falls-to-militants-police.ashx">"Iraq's Tikrit falls to militants: police"</a>. Daily Star Lebanon. 11 June 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Star+Lebanon&rft.atitle=Iraq%27s+Tikrit+falls+to+militants%3A+police&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2014%2FJun-11%2F259731-iraqs-tikrit-falls-to-militants-police.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/11/world/meast/iraq-violence/">"Fresh off Mosul victory, militants in Iraq wrest control of Tikrit"</a>. CNN. 11 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fresh+off+Mosul+victory%2C+militants+in+Iraq+wrest+control+of+Tikrit&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F06%2F11%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Firaq-violence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aa.com.tr/en/news/344074--armed-groups-in-west-iraq-take-control-of-oil-pipelines">"Armed groups in west Iraq take control of oil pipelines"</a>. Anadolu Agency. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Armed+groups+in+west+Iraq+take+control+of+oil+pipelines&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fnews%2F344074--armed-groups-in-west-iraq-take-control-of-oil-pipelines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-Bayati2014" class="citation news cs1">al-Bayati, Ali (22 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eaworldview.com/2014/08/iraq-feature-amerli-town-fighting-islamic-state-starvation/">"Amerli – the town holding out against the Islamic State and starvation"</a>. EA WorldView. Retrieved 24 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EA+WorldView&rft.atitle=Amerli+%E2%80%93+the+town+holding+out+against+the+Islamic+State+and+starvation&rft.date=2014-08-22&rft.aulast=al-Bayati&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feaworldview.com%2F2014%2F08%2Firaq-feature-amerli-town-fighting-islamic-state-starvation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2014/0612/Sunni-militant-success-in-Iraq-brings-Islamic-caliphate-into-focus">"Sunni militant success in Iraq brings Islamic caliphate into focus"</a>. The Christian Science Monitor. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Sunni+militant+success+in+Iraq+brings+Islamic+caliphate+into+focus&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FMiddle-East%2F2014%2F0612%2FSunni-militant-success-in-Iraq-brings-Islamic-caliphate-into-focus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TalAfar-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TalAfar_109-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TalAfar_109-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBill_Roggio2014" class="citation web cs1">Bill Roggio (15 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/archives/2014/06/isis_takes_control_of_tal_afar.php#">"ISIS takes control of Tal Afar"</a>. Longwarjournal.org. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+takes+control+of+Tal+Afar&rft.pub=Longwarjournal.org&rft.date=2014-06-15&rft.au=Bill+Roggio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Fthreat-matrix%2Farchives%2F2014%2F06%2Fisis_takes_control_of_tal_afar.php%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-uk.reuters.com-110"><a href="#cite_ref-uk.reuters.com_110-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-iraq-security-jalawla-idUKKBN0EO0LF20140613">Insurgents take two more Iraqi towns, Obama threatens air strikes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140613114752/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/06/13/uk-iraq-security-jalawla-idUKKBN0EO0LF20140613">Archived</a> 13 June 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27828595">"Iraq conflict: ISIS militants seize new towns"</a>. BBC. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+conflict%3A+ISIS+militants+seize+new+towns&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-27828595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYacoub2014" class="citation web cs1">Yacoub, Sameer N. (13 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/jun/13/iraq-in-paralysis-after-sunni-militants-blitz/">"Sunni militants capture 2 towns north of Baghdad"</a>. The Washington Times. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Sunni+militants+capture+2+towns+north+of+Baghdad&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft.aulast=Yacoub&rft.aufirst=Sameer+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2014%2Fjun%2F13%2Firaq-in-paralysis-after-sunni-militants-blitz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN-113"><a href="#cite_ref-CNN_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/14/world/meast/iraq-violence/">"Iraq's military claims victories; U.S. sends aircraft carrier to Gulf"</a>. CNN. 14 June 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iraq%27s+military+claims+victories%3B+U.S.+sends+aircraft+carrier+to+Gulf&rft.date=2014-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F06%2F14%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Firaq-violence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140627132330/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/06/iraq-isis-expansion-mosul-maliki-us-assistance.html">"Maliki asks for US help as ISIS expands in Iraq"</a>. Al-monitor.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/06/iraq-isis-expansion-mosul-maliki-us-assistance.html">the original</a> on 27 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maliki+asks+for+US+help+as+ISIS+expands+in+Iraq&rft.pub=Al-monitor.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Fsecurity%2F2014%2F06%2Firaq-isis-expansion-mosul-maliki-us-assistance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed_Rasheed_And_Raheem_Salman2014" class="citation web cs1">Ahmed Rasheed And Raheem Salman (15 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/middle-east/10160436/Iraq-insurgent-offensive-stalls">"Iraq insurgent offensive stalls"</a>. Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+insurgent+offensive+stalls&rft.pub=Stuff.co.nz&rft.date=2014-06-15&rft.au=Ahmed+Rasheed+And+Raheem+Salman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2F10160436%2FIraq-insurgent-offensive-stalls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Chulov2014" class="citation web cs1">Martin Chulov (14 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/15/shia-militia-vow-to-defend-baghdad-from-isis-fighters">"Shia militia: 'Isis will not take Baghdad'"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Shia+militia%3A+%27Isis+will+not+take+Baghdad%27&rft.date=2014-06-14&rft.au=Martin+Chulov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjun%2F15%2Fshia-militia-vow-to-defend-baghdad-from-isis-fighters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/14/world/meast/iraq-violence/">"Iraqi PM orders troops to make stand in Samarra; U.S. sends aircraft carrier"</a>. CNN. 14 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraqi+PM+orders+troops+to+make+stand+in+Samarra%3B+U.S.+sends+aircraft+carrier&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2014-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F06%2F14%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Firaq-violence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-16/isis-insurgents-publish-photos-of-mass-execution-in-iraq/5525342">"Iraq crisis: ISIS insurgents publish photos of alleged mass execution in Tikrit, as government continues counter-attack"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+ISIS+insurgents+publish+photos+of+alleged+mass+execution+in+Tikrit%2C+as+government+continues+counter-attack&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2014-06-16%2Fisis-insurgents-publish-photos-of-mass-execution-in-iraq%2F5525342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-count-119"><a href="#cite_ref-count_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140712040202/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/168011/body-count-rises-amid-ongoing-fighting-in-mosul.html">"Body count rises amid ongoing fighting in Mosul"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/168011/body-count-rises-amid-ongoing-fighting-in-mosul.html">the original</a> on 12 July 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Body+count+rises+amid+ongoing+fighting+in+Mosul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishweekly.net%2Fnews%2F168011%2Fbody-count-rises-amid-ongoing-fighting-in-mosul.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KurdDeaths-120"><a href="#cite_ref-KurdDeaths_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-security-airstrike-idUSKBN0EP12H20140614">"Iraqi airstrike kills seven Kurdish security forces in Diyala: police"</a>. Reuters. 14 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Iraqi+airstrike+kills+seven+Kurdish+security+forces+in+Diyala%3A+police&rft.date=2014-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iraq-security-airstrike-idUSKBN0EP12H20140614&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Rawlinson2014" class="citation web cs1">Kevin Rawlinson (28 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/28/iraqi-forces-launch-attacks-tikrit">"Iraqi forces launch attacks on Tikrit"</a>. the Guardian. Retrieved 30 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Iraqi+forces+launch+attacks+on+Tikrit&rft.date=2014-06-28&rft.au=Kevin+Rawlinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjun%2F28%2Firaqi-forces-launch-attacks-tikrit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/saddam-husseins-old-party-is-behind-iraq-chaos-2014-6">"Saddam Hussein's Old Party Is Behind Iraq Chaos"</a>. Businessinsider.com. 18 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saddam+Hussein%27s+Old+Party+Is+Behind+Iraq+Chaos&rft.pub=Businessinsider.com&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fsaddam-husseins-old-party-is-behind-iraq-chaos-2014-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-advancing-isil-militants-seize-northwest-iraq-town-in-heavy-battle-1995812">"Advancing ISIL militants seize northwest Iraq town in heavy battle"</a>. Daily News and Analysis. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+News+and+Analysis&rft.atitle=Advancing+ISIL+militants+seize+northwest+Iraq+town+in+heavy+battle&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fworld%2Freport-advancing-isil-militants-seize-northwest-iraq-town-in-heavy-battle-1995812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714150944/http://www.3news.co.nz/Iraq-hits-militants-and-regains-ground/tabid/417/articleID/348708/Default.aspx">"Iraq hits militants and 'regains ground'"</a>. 3news.co.nz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3news.co.nz/Iraq-hits-militants-and-regains-ground/tabid/417/articleID/348708/Default.aspx">the original</a> on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+hits+militants+and+%27regains+ground%27&rft.pub=3news.co.nz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3news.co.nz%2FIraq-hits-militants-and-regains-ground%2Ftabid%2F417%2FarticleID%2F348708%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-postphotos-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-postphotos_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-postphotos_125-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140616011058/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/militants-post-images-of-mass-killing-in-iraq/2014/06/15/33455d56-f477-11e3-a43f-0dc88bbee9bb_story.html">"Militants post photos of mass killing in Iraq"</a>. The Washington Post. Associated Press. 15 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/militants-post-images-of-mass-killing-in-iraq/2014/06/15/33455d56-f477-11e3-a43f-0dc88bbee9bb_story.html">the original</a> on 16 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Militants+post+photos+of+mass+killing+in+Iraq&rft.date=2014-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Fmilitants-post-images-of-mass-killing-in-iraq%2F2014%2F06%2F15%2F33455d56-f477-11e3-a43f-0dc88bbee9bb_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-volunteers-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-volunteers_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-volunteers_126-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/17/world/middleeast/iraq.html">"Insurgents in North Ambush Militia Volunteers and Seize Another City"</a>. The New York Times. 17 June 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Insurgents+in+North+Ambush+Militia+Volunteers+and+Seize+Another+City&rft.date=2014-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F06%2F17%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCJUNE15-127"><a href="#cite_ref-BBCJUNE15_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27858692">"Iraq conflict: Images purport to show 'massacre' by militants"</a>. BBC News. 15 June 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iraq+conflict%3A+Images+purport+to+show+%27massacre%27+by+militants&rft.date=2014-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-27858692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-persist-128"><a href="#cite_ref-persist_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSly2014" class="citation web cs1">Sly, Liz (15 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.post-gazette.com/news/world/2014/06/16/Rebel-gains-persist-in-Iraqi-north/stories/201406160114">"Rebel gains persist in Iraqi north"</a>. Post-gazette.com. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rebel+gains+persist+in+Iraqi+north&rft.pub=Post-gazette.com&rft.date=2014-06-15&rft.aulast=Sly&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.post-gazette.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2014%2F06%2F16%2FRebel-gains-persist-in-Iraqi-north%2Fstories%2F201406160114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/15/world/meast/iraq-photos-isis/index.html?hpt=hp_t1">"Terrifying execution images in Iraq; U.S. Embassy in Baghdad relocates some staff"</a>. CNN. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Terrifying+execution+images+in+Iraq%3B+U.S.+Embassy+in+Baghdad+relocates+some+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F06%2F15%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Firaq-photos-isis%2Findex.html%3Fhpt%3Dhp_t1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2014/06/16/iraqi-army-kills-isis-militants-in-eastern-iraq">"Iraqi Army Kills Isis Militants in Eastern Iraq"</a>. Dailysabah.com. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraqi+Army+Kills+Isis+Militants+in+Eastern+Iraq&rft.pub=Dailysabah.com&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fmideast%2F2014%2F06%2F16%2Firaqi-army-kills-isis-militants-in-eastern-iraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFassihi2014" class="citation web cs1">Fassihi, Farnaz (16 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.wsj.com/articles/iranian-quds-force-soldier-killed-in-iraq-fighting-sunni-extremists-1402943891?mod=_newsreel_5">"Iranian Quds Force Soldier Killed in Iraq Fighting Sunni Extremists"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Iranian+Quds+Force+Soldier+Killed+in+Iraq+Fighting+Sunni+Extremists&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft.aulast=Fassihi&rft.aufirst=Farnaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Firanian-quds-force-soldier-killed-in-iraq-fighting-sunni-extremists-1402943891%3Fmod%3D_newsreel_5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/16/iraq-tal-afar-falls-isis">Iraqi city of Tal Afar falls to Isis insurgents</a> Martin Chulov, The Guardian, June 16, 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-iranaction-133"><a href="#cite_ref-iranaction_133-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiad_al-Sanjary_and_Arshad_Mohammed2014" class="citation news cs1">Ziad al-Sanjary and Arshad Mohammed (16 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUKKBN0EO0LF20140616?irpc=932">"U.S. considers air strikes, action with Iran to halt Iraq rebels"</a>. Reuters. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.+considers+air+strikes%2C+action+with+Iran+to+halt+Iraq+rebels&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft.au=Ziad+al-Sanjary+and+Arshad+Mohammed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUKKBN0EO0LF20140616%3Firpc%3D932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/18/world/middleeast/sectarian-violence-appears-to-spread-to-streets-of-baghdad.html">"As Sunnis Die in Iraq, a Cycle Is Restarting"</a>. The New York Times. 18 June 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=As+Sunnis+Die+in+Iraq%2C+a+Cycle+Is+Restarting&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F06%2F18%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsectarian-violence-appears-to-spread-to-streets-of-baghdad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2014" class="citation news cs1">Morris, Loveday (17 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/iraqi-forces-battle-swiftly-moving-militants/2014/06/17/f472df6e-00a6-4815-acfa-0f23506ef0e8_story.html">"Fears of sectarian violence rise in Baghdad after killing of Sunni imam and prison inmates"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Fears+of+sectarian+violence+rise+in+Baghdad+after+killing+of+Sunni+imam+and+prison+inmates&rft.date=2014-06-17&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Loveday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Firaqi-forces-battle-swiftly-moving-militants%2F2014%2F06%2F17%2Ff472df6e-00a6-4815-acfa-0f23506ef0e8_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-approaches-136"><a href="#cite_ref-approaches_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27881995">"Iraq conflict: Clashes on approaches to Baghdad"</a>. BBC. 17 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+conflict%3A+Clashes+on+approaches+to+Baghdad&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2014-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-27881995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140704104430/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Gunmen-seize-Iraq-Syria-border-crossing-20140617">"Gunmen seize Iraq-Syria border crossing"</a>. News24.com. 17 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news24.com/World/News/Gunmen-seize-Iraq-Syria-border-crossing-20140617">the original</a> on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gunmen+seize+Iraq-Syria+border+crossing&rft.pub=News24.com&rft.date=2014-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2FWorld%2FNews%2FGunmen-seize-Iraq-Syria-border-crossing-20140617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1085150">"Iraq violence kills 21 as militants press offensive"</a>. The Sun. Malaysia. 18 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sun&rft.atitle=Iraq+violence+kills+21+as+militants+press+offensive&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundaily.my%2Fnews%2F1085150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702175632/http://www.patrika.com/news/sunni-militants-attacked-on-iraqs-largest-oil-refinery-in-baiji/1012976">"Sunni militants attacked on Iraq's largest oil refinery in Baiji"</a>. Patrika Group. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patrika.com/news/sunni-militants-attacked-on-iraqs-largest-oil-refinery-in-baiji/1012976">the original</a> on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunni+militants+attacked+on+Iraq%27s+largest+oil+refinery+in+Baiji&rft.pub=Patrika+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patrika.com%2Fnews%2Fsunni-militants-attacked-on-iraqs-largest-oil-refinery-in-baiji%2F1012976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27897648">"Iraq crisis: Battle grips vital Baiji oil refinery"</a>. BBC. 18 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+Battle+grips+vital+Baiji+oil+refinery&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-27897648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/iraq-claims-making-gains-against-isil-rebels-201461813237625692.html">"Iraq claims making gains against ISIL rebels"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+claims+making+gains+against+ISIL+rebels&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2014%2F06%2Firaq-claims-making-gains-against-isil-rebels-201461813237625692.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/40-indian-workers-kidnapped-by-sunni-militants-in-mosul-iraq/">"40 Indian Workers kidnapped by Sunni Militants in Mosul, Iraq"</a>. news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. Retrieved 18 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=40+Indian+Workers+kidnapped+by+Sunni+Militants+in+Mosul%2C+Iraq&rft.pub=news.biharprabha.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.biharprabha.com%2F2014%2F06%2F40-indian-workers-kidnapped-by-sunni-militants-in-mosul-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/iraq-isis-crisis-judge-who-sentenced-saddam-hussein-death-executed-by-rebels-1453975">"Iraq Isis Crisis: Judge Who Sentenced Saddam Hussein to Death Executed by Rebels"</a>. International Business Times. 24 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Iraq+Isis+Crisis%3A+Judge+Who+Sentenced+Saddam+Hussein+to+Death+Executed+by+Rebels&rft.date=2014-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Firaq-isis-crisis-judge-who-sentenced-saddam-hussein-death-executed-by-rebels-1453975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFahmed2014" class="citation news cs1">ahmed, Raed asad (26 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/260620143">"Kurdish Judge Who Ordered Saddam Hanged is Alive and Well"</a>. Rudaw English. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140626175826/http://rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/260620143">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rudaw+English&rft.atitle=Kurdish+Judge+Who+Ordered+Saddam+Hanged+is+Alive+and+Well&rft.date=2014-06-26&rft.aulast=ahmed&rft.aufirst=Raed+asad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frudaw.net%2Fenglish%2Fkurdistan%2F260620143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-retakeoil-145"><a href="#cite_ref-retakeoil_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sky.com/story/1285416/iraq-forces-retake-oil-refinery-from-isis">"Iraq Forces 'Retake' Oil Refinery From ISIS"</a>. Sky News. 19 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iraq+Forces+%27Retake%27+Oil+Refinery+From+ISIS&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2F1285416%2Firaq-forces-retake-oil-refinery-from-isis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/iraq-turmoil/isis-militants-black-banners-hang-beiji-refinery-ap-witness-n135306">"ISIS Militants' Black Banners Hang at Beiji Refinery: AP Witness"</a>. NBC News. 19 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+Militants%27+Black+Banners+Hang+at+Beiji+Refinery%3A+AP+Witness&rft.pub=NBC+News&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fstoryline%2Firaq-turmoil%2Fisis-militants-black-banners-hang-beiji-refinery-ap-witness-n135306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/iraqs-prime-minister-al-maliki-under-pressure-amid-militant-offensive/">"Iraq's prime minister al-Maliki under pressure amid militant offensive"</a>. Fox News Channel. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq%27s+prime+minister+al-Maliki+under+pressure+amid+militant+offensive&rft.pub=Fox+News+Channel&rft.date=2014-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Firaqs-prime-minister-al-maliki-under-pressure-amid-militant-offensive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulian_E._Barnes2014" class="citation news cs1">Julian E. Barnes (19 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.wsj.com/articles/sunni-extremists-in-iraq-occupy-saddams-chemical-weapons-facility-1403190600">"Sunni Extremists in Iraq Occupy Hussein's Chemical Weapons Facility"</a>. The Wall Street Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Sunni+Extremists+in+Iraq+Occupy+Hussein%27s+Chemical+Weapons+Facility&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft.au=Julian+E.+Barnes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fsunni-extremists-in-iraq-occupy-saddams-chemical-weapons-facility-1403190600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/troops-surrounded-trapped-iraqs-key-refinery-sources-abc/story?id=24231981">"Troops Surrounded, Trapped in Iraq's Key Refinery, Sources Tell ABC News"</a>. ABC News. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Troops+Surrounded%2C+Trapped+in+Iraq%27s+Key+Refinery%2C+Sources+Tell+ABC+News&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2014-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Ftroops-surrounded-trapped-iraqs-key-refinery-sources-abc%2Fstory%3Fid%3D24231981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27936652">"Iraq crisis: Fierce battles for Baiji and Tal Afar"</a>. BBC. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+Fierce+battles+for+Baiji+and+Tal+Afar&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2014-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-27936652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27952465">"Struggle for Iraq: Kurdish snipers in battle with Isis fighters"</a>. BBC News. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Struggle+for+Iraq%3A+Kurdish+snipers+in+battle+with+Isis+fighters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-27952465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/rebels-capture-iraq-largest-oil-refinery-20146219406492925.html">"Reports: Rebels capture Iraq oil refinery"</a>. Al Jazeera. 21 June 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reports%3A+Rebels+capture+Iraq+oil+refinery&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2014-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2014%2F06%2Frebels-capture-iraq-largest-oil-refinery-20146219406492925.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/iraqi-shia-groups-rally-show-power-20146216504615669.html">"Iraqi Shia groups rally in show of power"</a>. Al Jazeera. 21 June 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraqi+Shia+groups+rally+in+show+of+power&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2014-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2014%2F06%2Firaqi-shia-groups-rally-show-power-20146216504615669.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-infighting-154"><a href="#cite_ref-infighting_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/135970-sunni-militant-infighting-kills-17-in-iraq-s-kirkuk">"Sunni Militant Infighting Kills 17 in Iraq's Kirkuk"</a>. Naharnet.com. 21 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunni+Militant+Infighting+Kills+17+in+Iraq%27s+Kirkuk&rft.pub=Naharnet.com&rft.date=2014-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fstories%2Fen%2F135970-sunni-militant-infighting-kills-17-in-iraq-s-kirkuk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714142930/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/world/2014/06/23/02/02/militants-seize-more-iraq-towns">"Kerry in Iraq, Sunni rebels seize town"</a>. News.ninemsn.com.au. 23 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ninemsn.com.au/world/2014/06/23/02/02/militants-seize-more-iraq-towns">the original</a> on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kerry+in+Iraq%2C+Sunni+rebels+seize+town&rft.pub=News.ninemsn.com.au&rft.date=2014-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ninemsn.com.au%2Fworld%2F2014%2F06%2F23%2F02%2F02%2Fmilitants-seize-more-iraq-towns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/23/world/meast/iraq-crisis/">"John Kerry holds talks in Iraq as more cities fall to ISIS militants"</a>. CNN. 23 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=John+Kerry+holds+talks+in+Iraq+as+more+cities+fall+to+ISIS+militants&rft.date=2014-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F06%2F23%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Firaq-crisis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/world/75-iraqi-troops-holdout-in-the-battle-for-baiji-iraqs-largest-refinery-20140711-zt2dp.html">"75 Iraqi troops holdout in the battle for Baiji, Iraq's largest refinery"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. 10 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=75+Iraqi+troops+holdout+in+the+battle+for+Baiji%2C+Iraq%27s+largest+refinery&rft.date=2014-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fworld%2F75-iraqi-troops-holdout-in-the-battle-for-baiji-iraqs-largest-refinery-20140711-zt2dp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/iraqi-soldier-tells-of-desertion-as-militants-attacked-refinery-our-officers-sold-us-out/2014/07/10/e634c0a0-02be-11e4-8fd0-3a663dfa68ac_story.html">"Iraqi soldier tells of desertion as militants attacked refinery: 'Our officers sold us out'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Iraqi+soldier+tells+of+desertion+as+militants+attacked+refinery%3A+%27Our+officers+sold+us+out%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Firaqi-soldier-tells-of-desertion-as-militants-attacked-refinery-our-officers-sold-us-out%2F2014%2F07%2F10%2Fe634c0a0-02be-11e4-8fd0-3a663dfa68ac_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinograd2014" class="citation web cs1">Vinograd, Cassandra (23 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/iraq-turmoil/anti-u-s-cleric-muqtada-al-sadr-retakes-stage-amid-n138406">"Anti-US cleric Muqtada al-Sadr retakes stage amid Iraq turmoil"</a>. NBC News. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anti-US+cleric+Muqtada+al-Sadr+retakes+stage+amid+Iraq+turmoil&rft.pub=NBC+News&rft.date=2014-06-23&rft.aulast=Vinograd&rft.aufirst=Cassandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fstoryline%2Firaq-turmoil%2Fanti-u-s-cleric-muqtada-al-sadr-retakes-stage-amid-n138406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris" class="citation news cs1">Morris, Loveday. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/iraqi-military-facing-psychological-collapse-after-losses-desertions/2014/06/22/88ed659a-fa4a-11e3-8176-f2c941cf35f1_story.html">"Iraqi military facing 'psychological collapse' after losses, desertions"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Iraqi+military+facing+%27psychological+collapse%27+after+losses%2C+desertions&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Loveday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Firaqi-military-facing-psychological-collapse-after-losses-desertions%2F2014%2F06%2F22%2F88ed659a-fa4a-11e3-8176-f2c941cf35f1_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamza_Hendawi2013" class="citation web cs1">Hamza Hendawi (1 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/iraqs-government-given-up-northern-iraq-2014-6">"Iraqi Officials: We Have Essentially Given Up The North Of The Country"</a>. Business Insider. Associated Press. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Iraqi+Officials%3A+We+Have+Essentially+Given+Up+The+North+Of+The+Country&rft.date=2013-11-01&rft.au=Hamza+Hendawi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Firaqs-government-given-up-northern-iraq-2014-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordonSchmitt2014" class="citation news cs1">Gordon, Michael R.; Schmitt, Eric (25 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/26/world/middleeast/iran-iraq.html?_r=0">"Iran Secretly Sending Drones and Supplies into Iraq, U.S. Officials Say"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 26 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Iran+Secretly+Sending+Drones+and+Supplies+into+Iraq%2C+U.S.+Officials+Say&rft.date=2014-06-25&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Michael+R.&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F06%2F26%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Firan-iraq.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalman" class="citation web cs1">Salman, Raheem. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170518181210/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-iraq-security-idUKKBN0F00RT20140625">"Militants attack Iraq air base, U.S. advisers arrive"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-iraq-security-idUKKBN0F00RT20140625">the original</a> on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Militants+attack+Iraq+air+base%2C+U.S.+advisers+arrive&rft.aulast=Salman&rft.aufirst=Raheem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-iraq-security-idUKKBN0F00RT20140625&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakeJosh_Rogin2014" class="citation web cs1">Lake, Eli; Josh Rogin (25 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/06/25/isis-threatens-iraq-s-largest-air-base.html">"ISIS Tries to Grab Its Own Air Force"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>. Retrieved 26 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=ISIS+Tries+to+Grab+Its+Own+Air+Force&rft.date=2014-06-25&rft.aulast=Lake&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft.au=Josh+Rogin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F06%2F25%2Fisis-threatens-iraq-s-largest-air-base.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-security-idUSKBN0F10TF20140626">"Iraq helicopter crashes in airborne commando assault on Tikrit"</a>. Reuters. 26 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Iraq+helicopter+crashes+in+airborne+commando+assault+on+Tikrit&rft.date=2014-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iraq-security-idUSKBN0F10TF20140626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/iraqi-forces-reportedly-pull-back-from-tikrit-amid-fierce-fighting-with-isis-militants/">"Iraqi forces reportedly pull back from Tikrit amid fierce fighting with ISIS militants"</a>. Fox News. 24 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraqi+forces+reportedly+pull+back+from+Tikrit+amid+fierce+fighting+with+ISIS+militants&rft.pub=Fox+News&rft.date=2015-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Firaqi-forces-reportedly-pull-back-from-tikrit-amid-fierce-fighting-with-isis-militants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Christian_Science_Monitor" class="citation journal cs1">The Christian Science Monitor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/terrorism-security/2014/0630/Baghdad-s-battle-to-drive-Islamic-militants-from-Tikrit-stalls-as-caliphate-declared">"Baghdad's battle to drive Islamic militants from Tikrit stalls as caliphate declared (+video)"</a>. The Christian Science Monitor.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Baghdad%27s+battle+to+drive+Islamic+militants+from+Tikrit+stalls+as+caliphate+declared+%28%2Bvideo%29&rft.au=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FSecurity-Watch%2Fterrorism-security%2F2014%2F0630%2FBaghdad-s-battle-to-drive-Islamic-militants-from-Tikrit-stalls-as-caliphate-declared&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28077425">"BBC News – Iraq crisis: Fresh clashes over Tikrit"</a>. BBC News. 29 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+News+%E2%80%93+Iraq+crisis%3A+Fresh+clashes+over+Tikrit&rft.date=2014-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-28077425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/militants-take-iraqi-gas-field-town-reports-of-syria-strikes-on-isis-1.1846180">"Militants take Iraqi gas field town, reports of Syria strikes on Isis"</a>. The Irish Times. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Militants+take+Iraqi+gas+field+town%2C+reports+of+Syria+strikes+on+Isis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmilitants-take-iraqi-gas-field-town-reports-of-syria-strikes-on-isis-1.1846180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albawaba.com/news/iraq-tikrit-586470">"Iraqi forces recapture parts of Tikrit"</a>. Albawaba. 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Albawaba&rft.atitle=Iraqi+forces+recapture+parts+of+Tikrit&rft.date=2014-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albawaba.com%2Fnews%2Firaq-tikrit-586470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/inside-story/articles/2014/7/7/isil-s-leader-emergesfromtheshadowswhoisabubakralbaghdadi.html">"Who is the U.S. targeting in Iraq air strikes?"</a>. Al Jazeera.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+is+the+U.S.+targeting+in+Iraq+air+strikes%3F&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famerica.aljazeera.com%2Fwatch%2Fshows%2Finside-story%2Farticles%2F2014%2F7%2F7%2Fisil-s-leader-emergesfromtheshadowswhoisabubakralbaghdadi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.click2houston.com/news/-No-reason-to-doubt-it-s-al-Baghdadi/26822312">'No reason to doubt' it's al-Baghdadi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714204959/http://www.click2houston.com/news/-No-reason-to-doubt-it-s-al-Baghdadi/26822312">Archived</a> 14 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaheem_Salman_and_Maggie_Fick2014" class="citation web cs1">Raheem Salman and Maggie Fick (16 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/1.605472">"Iraqi forces withdraw from Tikrit as Islamic State advances"</a>. Haaretz. Retrieved 30 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Iraqi+forces+withdraw+from+Tikrit+as+Islamic+State+advances&rft.date=2014-07-16&rft.au=Raheem+Salman+and+Maggie+Fick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east%2F1.605472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/07/18/4243140/islamic-state-overwhelms-iraqi.html">"Islamic State overwhelms Iraqi forces at Tikrit in major defeat"</a>. Miami Herald.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+overwhelms+Iraqi+forces+at+Tikrit+in+major+defeat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miamiherald.com%2F2014%2F07%2F18%2F4243140%2Fislamic-state-overwhelms-iraqi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/archives/2014/07/iraqi_military_says_it_retakes.php">"Iraqi military says it retakes control of key base in Tikrit"</a>. Long War Journal. 21 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=Iraqi+military+says+it+retakes+control+of+key+base+in+Tikrit&rft.date=2014-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Fthreat-matrix%2Farchives%2F2014%2F07%2Firaqi_military_says_it_retakes.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera_and_agencies" class="citation web cs1">Al Jazeera and agencies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/isil-declares-new-islamic-caliphate-201462917326669749.html">"Sunni rebels declare new 'Islamic caliphate'"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunni+rebels+declare+new+%27Islamic+caliphate%27&rft.au=Al+Jazeera+and+agencies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2014%2F06%2Fisil-declares-new-islamic-caliphate-201462917326669749.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/01/isis-destroy-kaaba-mecca_n_5547635.html?&ncid=tweetlnkushpmg00000067">"Reported ISIS Member Says They Will Destroy The Kaaba In Mecca, 'Kill Those Who Worship Stones'"</a>. The Huffington Post. July 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Reported+ISIS+Member+Says+They+Will+Destroy+The+Kaaba+In+Mecca%2C+%27Kill+Those+Who+Worship+Stones%27&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F07%2F01%2Fisis-destroy-kaaba-mecca_n_5547635.html%3F%26ncid%3Dtweetlnkushpmg00000067&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Windrem2014" class="citation web cs1">Robert Windrem (7 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/iraq-turmoil/isis-bogged-down-iraq-quarreling-sunni-allies-us-official-n150106">"ISIS Bogged Down in Iraq, Quarreling With Sunni Allies: US Official"</a>. NBC News. Retrieved 30 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+Bogged+Down+in+Iraq%2C+Quarreling+With+Sunni+Allies%3A+US+Official&rft.pub=NBC+News&rft.date=2014-07-07&rft.au=Robert+Windrem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fstoryline%2Firaq-turmoil%2Fisis-bogged-down-iraq-quarreling-sunni-allies-us-official-n150106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2014/07/03/irak-le-president-de-la-region-kurde-demande-un-referendum-d-independance_4450581_3218.html">"Irak : le président de la région du Kurdistan demande un référendum d'indépendance"</a>. Le Monde (in French). 3 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Irak+%3A+le+pr%C3%A9sident+de+la+r%C3%A9gion+du+Kurdistan+demande+un+r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rendum+d%27ind%C3%A9pendance&rft.date=2014-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fproche-orient%2Farticle%2F2014%2F07%2F03%2Firak-le-president-de-la-region-kurde-demande-un-referendum-d-independance_4450581_3218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volkskrant.nl/vk/nl/2664/Nieuws/article/detail/3680981/2014/06/29/Netanyahu-voor-onafhankelijk-Koerdistan.dhtml">"Netanyahu voor onafhankelijk Koerdistan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Algemeen_Nederlands_Persbureau" title="Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau">ANP</a> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/De_Volkskrant" title="De Volkskrant">de Volkskrant</a>. 29 June 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ANP&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+voor+onafhankelijk+Koerdistan&rft.date=2014-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkskrant.nl%2Fvk%2Fnl%2F2664%2FNieuws%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2F3680981%2F2014%2F06%2F29%2FNetanyahu-voor-onafhankelijk-Koerdistan.dhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-contested-181"><a href="#cite_ref-contested_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanna2020" class="citation web cs1">Hanna, Reine (1 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://50f3ad00-5b28-4016-898f-6130d301c97a.filesusr.com/ugd/6ae567_98f8f8912baa40949a18a3a0b717eaea.pdf">"Contested Control: The Future of Security in Iraq's Nineveh Plain"</a> (PDF). Assyrian Policy Institute. p. 24. Retrieved 27 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Assyrian+Policy+Institute&rft.atitle=Contested+Control%3A+The+Future+of+Security+in+Iraq%27s+Nineveh+Plain&rft.pages=24&rft.date=2020-06-01&rft.aulast=Hanna&rft.aufirst=Reine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F50f3ad00-5b28-4016-898f-6130d301c97a.filesusr.com%2Fugd%2F6ae567_98f8f8912baa40949a18a3a0b717eaea.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastillo2014" class="citation web cs1">Castillo, Mariano (9 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/07/world/meast/iraq-isis-christian-city/index.html">"ISIS overtakes Iraq's largest Christian city"</a>. CNN. Retrieved 27 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=ISIS+overtakes+Iraq%27s+largest+Christian+city&rft.date=2014-08-09&rft.aulast=Castillo&rft.aufirst=Mariano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F08%2F07%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Firaq-isis-christian-city%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoISyria/A_HRC_32_CRP.2_en.pdf">""They came to destroy": ISIS Crimes Against the Yazidis"</a> (PDF). 15 June 2016. p. 6. Retrieved 27 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22They+came+to+destroy%22%3A+ISIS+Crimes+Against+the+Yazidis&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2016-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FDocuments%2FHRBodies%2FHRCouncil%2FCoISyria%2FA_HRC_32_CRP.2_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_den_Toorn2014" class="citation web cs1">van den Toorn, Christine (17 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200627185938/https://auis.edu.krd/iris/staff-publications/how-us-favored-kurds-abandoned-yazidis-when-isis-attacked">"How the U.S.-Favored Kurds Abandoned the Yazidis when ISIS Attacked"</a>. Institute of Regional & International Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://auis.edu.krd/iris/staff-publications/how-us-favored-kurds-abandoned-yazidis-when-isis-attacked">the original</a> on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+of+Regional+%26+International+Studies&rft.atitle=How+the+U.S.-Favored+Kurds+Abandoned+the+Yazidis+when+ISIS+Attacked&rft.date=2014-08-17&rft.aulast=van+den+Toorn&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fauis.edu.krd%2Firis%2Fstaff-publications%2Fhow-us-favored-kurds-abandoned-yazidis-when-isis-attacked&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2017" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Crispin (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/Kurdistan%20report.%20Long.pdf">"Wilting in the Kurdish Sun"</a> (PDF). United States Commission on Religious Freedom. p. 21. Retrieved 27 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Commission+on+Religious+Freedom&rft.atitle=Wilting+in+the+Kurdish+Sun&rft.pages=21&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Crispin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscirf.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FKurdistan%2520report.%2520Long.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21604627-crisis-iraq-has-roots-going-far-back-history-recently-folly">Iraq: How did it come to this?</a>, economist.com. </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alalam.ir/news/1602448">المرجعية الدينية في العراق تعلن الجهاد الكفائي لقتال الارهابيين</a> "ان المرجعية الدينية تدعم جهود القوات المسلحة العراقية في التصدي للجماعات الارهابية وتحثها على التحلي بالشجاعة والصبر والبسالة لان الدفاع عن العراق واجب وطني وعلى الجميع الخروج من اجل الدفاع عن العراق". </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-violence-idUSKBN0EN0RV20140613">Iraq's top Shi'ite cleric issues call to fight rebels</a>, Reuters, 13 June 2014, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140613125620/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/13/us-iraq-violence-idUSKBN0EN0RV20140613">archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iraq%27s+top+Shi%27ite+cleric+issues+call+to+fight+rebels&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iraq-violence-idUSKBN0EN0RV20140613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140630055437/http://news.iafrica.com/worldnews/946081.html">"Iraq's Sadr vows to battle militants"</a>. iAfrica. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.iafrica.com/worldnews/946081.html">the original</a> on 30 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq%27s+Sadr+vows+to+battle+militants&rft.pub=iAfrica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.iafrica.com%2Fworldnews%2F946081.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCategory:_POLITICS2014" class="citation web cs1">Category: POLITICS (11 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140712091029/http://www.english.shafaaq.com/index.php/politics/10123-hashemi-congratulates-the-fall-of-mosul-describe-it-as-revolution-of-the-oppressed">"Hashemi congratulates the fall of Mosul, describe it as " Revolution of the oppressed""</a>. English.shafaaq.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english.shafaaq.com/index.php/politics/10123-hashemi-congratulates-the-fall-of-mosul-describe-it-as-revolution-of-the-oppressed">the original</a> on 12 July 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hashemi+congratulates+the+fall+of+Mosul%2C+describe+it+as+%22+Revolution+of+the+oppressed%22&rft.pub=English.shafaaq.com&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.au=Category%3A+POLITICS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.english.shafaaq.com%2Findex.php%2Fpolitics%2F10123-hashemi-congratulates-the-fall-of-mosul-describe-it-as-revolution-of-the-oppressed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abna.ir/english/service/middle-east-west-asia/archive/2014/06/14/615829/story.html">"Fugitive veep 'Tariq al-Hashemi ' calls ISIL advance 'Iraqi Spring' – AhlulBayt News Agency – ABNA – Shia News"</a>. Abna.ir. 19 December 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fugitive+veep+%27Tariq+al-Hashemi+%27+calls+ISIL+advance+%27Iraqi+Spring%27+%E2%80%93+AhlulBayt+News+Agency+%E2%80%93+ABNA+%E2%80%93+Shia+News&rft.pub=Abna.ir&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abna.ir%2Fenglish%2Fservice%2Fmiddle-east-west-asia%2Farchive%2F2014%2F06%2F14%2F615829%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoukalled2014" class="citation web cs1">Moukalled, Diana (17 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150722185057/http://www.aawsat.net/2014/06/article55333359">"There is a 'tribal revolution' in Iraq: Anbar tribal chief"</a>. Asharq Al-Awsat. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aawsat.net/2014/06/article55333359">the original</a> on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asharq+Al-Awsat&rft.atitle=There+is+a+%27tribal+revolution%27+in+Iraq%3A+Anbar+tribal+chief&rft.date=2014-06-17&rft.aulast=Moukalled&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aawsat.net%2F2014%2F06%2Farticle55333359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/06/19/323691052/saddams-ex-officer-weve-played-key-role-in-helping-militants">"Saddam's Ex-Officer: We've Played Key Role In Helping Militants : Parallels"</a>. NPR. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saddam%27s+Ex-Officer%3A+We%27ve+Played+Key+Role+In+Helping+Militants+%3A+Parallels&rft.pub=NPR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fblogs%2Fparallels%2F2014%2F06%2F19%2F323691052%2Fsaddams-ex-officer-weve-played-key-role-in-helping-militants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoudsouzian2014" class="citation web cs1">Goudsouzian, Tanya (12 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/fall-mosul-what-at-stake-kurds-20146126958946438.html">"Fall of Mosul: What's at stake for the Kurds?"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Fall+of+Mosul%3A+What%27s+at+stake+for+the+Kurds%3F&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft.aulast=Goudsouzian&rft.aufirst=Tanya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2014%2F06%2Ffall-mosul-what-at-stake-kurds-20146126958946438.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArango2014" class="citation web cs1">Arango, Tim (12 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/13/world/middleeast/iraq.html">"Kurdish Fighters Take a Key Oil City as Militants Advance on Baghdad"</a>. New York Times. Retrieved 23 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kurdish+Fighters+Take+a+Key+Oil+City+as+Militants+Advance+on+Baghdad&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft.aulast=Arango&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F06%2F13%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.trend.az/regions/met/arabicr/2283766.html">"Arab League chief slams ISIL 'crimes' in Iraq's Mosul"</a>. En.trend.az. 11 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arab+League+chief+slams+ISIL+%27crimes%27+in+Iraq%27s+Mosul&rft.pub=En.trend.az&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.trend.az%2Fregions%2Fmet%2Farabicr%2F2283766.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150325211828/https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=48007#.VRMmKXbP1D8">"Iraq: amid rising violence, Ban urges political leaders to show unity in face of threats"</a>. United Nations. 10 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=48007">the original</a> on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq%3A+amid+rising+violence%2C+Ban+urges+political+leaders+to+show+unity+in+face+of+threats&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3FNewsID%3D48007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/un-evacuates-its-staff-from-baghdad-to-jordan-amid-crisis-in-north-iraq/">"UN evacuates its staff from Baghdad to Jordan amid Crisis in North Iraq"</a>. news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. Retrieved 17 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+evacuates+its+staff+from+Baghdad+to+Jordan+amid+Crisis+in+North+Iraq&rft.pub=news.biharprabha.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.biharprabha.com%2F2014%2F06%2Fun-evacuates-its-staff-from-baghdad-to-jordan-amid-crisis-in-north-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2014" class="citation web cs1">Spencer, Richard (16 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10904414/Iraq-crisis-UN-condemns-war-crimes-as-another-town-falls-to-Isis.html">"Iraq crisis: UN condemns 'war crimes' as another town falls to Isis"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+UN+condemns+%27war+crimes%27+as+another+town+falls+to+Isis&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F10904414%2FIraq-crisis-UN-condemns-war-crimes-as-another-town-falls-to-Isis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/india-condemns-attacks-and-seizure-in-northern-iraq-by-terrorists/">"India condemns attacks and Seizure in Northern Iraq by terrorists"</a>. news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. Retrieved 17 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+condemns+attacks+and+Seizure+in+Northern+Iraq+by+terrorists&rft.pub=news.biharprabha.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.biharprabha.com%2F2014%2F06%2Findia-condemns-attacks-and-seizure-in-northern-iraq-by-terrorists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-28173993">"Indian nurses freed in Iraq given rapturous home welcome"</a>. BBC Asia. 5 July 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Indian+nurses+freed+in+Iraq+given+rapturous+home+welcome&rft.date=2014-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-india-28173993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/iran-vows-combat-terrorism-iraq-2014612113247864941.html">"Iran vows to combat 'terrorism' in Iraq"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iran+vows+to+combat+%27terrorism%27+in+Iraq&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2014%2F06%2Firan-vows-combat-terrorism-iraq-2014612113247864941.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFassihi2014" class="citation news cs1">Fassihi, Farnaz (11 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.wsj.com/articles/iran-deploys-forces-to-fight-al-qaeda-inspired-militants-in-iraq-iranian-security-sources-1402592470">"Iran Deploys Forces to Fight al Qaeda-Inspired Militants in Iraq"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. Retrieved 12 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Iran+Deploys+Forces+to+Fight+al+Qaeda-Inspired+Militants+in+Iraq&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.aulast=Fassihi&rft.aufirst=Farnaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Firan-deploys-forces-to-fight-al-qaeda-inspired-militants-in-iraq-iranian-security-sources-1402592470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Chulov_in_Baghdad,_and_agencies2014" class="citation news cs1">Martin Chulov in Baghdad, and agencies (14 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/14/iran-iraq-isis-fight-militants-nouri-maliki?CMP=fb_gu">"Iran sends troops into Iraq to aid fight against Isis militants"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Iran+sends+troops+into+Iraq+to+aid+fight+against+Isis+militants&rft.date=2014-06-14&rft.au=Martin+Chulov+in+Baghdad%2C+and+agencies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjun%2F14%2Firan-iraq-isis-fight-militants-nouri-maliki%3FCMP%3Dfb_gu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRezaian2014" class="citation news cs1">Rezaian, Jason (20 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/irans-role-in-iraq-is-unlikely-to-include-combat/2014/06/20/85795050-305d-4ff3-a821-bdf5269c60bf_story.html">"Iran's role in Iraq is unlikely to include combat"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Iran%27s+role+in+Iraq+is+unlikely+to+include+combat&rft.date=2014-06-20&rft.aulast=Rezaian&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Firans-role-in-iraq-is-unlikely-to-include-combat%2F2014%2F06%2F20%2F85795050-305d-4ff3-a821-bdf5269c60bf_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702105217/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/putin-speaks-to-iraqi-pm-expresses-support/2014/06/20/97651afa-f897-11e3-af55-076a4c5f20a0_story.html">"Putin speaks to Iraqi PM, expresses support"</a>. The Washington Times. 20 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/putin-speaks-to-iraqi-pm-expresses-support/2014/06/20/97651afa-f897-11e3-af55-076a4c5f20a0_story.html">the original</a> on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Putin+speaks+to+Iraqi+PM%2C+expresses+support&rft.pub=The+Washington+Times&rft.date=2014-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fputin-speaks-to-iraqi-pm-expresses-support%2F2014%2F06%2F20%2F97651afa-f897-11e3-af55-076a4c5f20a0_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/1.601726">"Russia calls on U.S. and Europe to combat Mideast terrorism"</a>. Haaretz. 28 June 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Russia+calls+on+U.S.+and+Europe+to+combat+Mideast+terrorism&rft.date=2014-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east%2F1.601726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140802182334/http://www.janes.com/article/41343/iraq-focuses-on-swift-delivery-of-russian-weaponry">"Iraq focuses on swift delivery of Russian weaponry"</a>. IHS Jane's Defence Weekly. 31 July 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.janes.com/article/41343/iraq-focuses-on-swift-delivery-of-russian-weaponry">the original</a> on 2 August 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+focuses+on+swift+delivery+of+Russian+weaponry&rft.pub=IHS+Jane%27s+Defence+Weekly&rft.date=2014-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.janes.com%2Farticle%2F41343%2Firaq-focuses-on-swift-delivery-of-russian-weaponry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140713080018/http://www.syriaonline.sy/index.php?f=Details&catid=12&pageid=10555&g=1">"Syrian TV – Syria condemns terrorist acts in Iraq, expresses solidarity with Iraqi government, army and people"</a>. Syriaonline.sy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriaonline.sy/index.php?f=Details&catid=12&pageid=10555&g=1">the original</a> on 13 July 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+TV+%E2%80%93+Syria+condemns+terrorist+acts+in+Iraq%2C+expresses+solidarity+with+Iraqi+government%2C+army+and+people&rft.pub=Syriaonline.sy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriaonline.sy%2Findex.php%3Ff%3DDetails%26catid%3D12%26pageid%3D10555%26g%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140617091532/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jun-15/260207-syria-pounds-isis-bases-in-coordination-with-iraq.ashx">"Syria pounds ISIS bases in coordination with Iraq"</a>. The Daily Star. 15 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jun-15/260207-syria-pounds-isis-bases-in-coordination-with-iraq.ashx">the original</a> on 17 June 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Syria+pounds+ISIS+bases+in+coordination+with+Iraq&rft.date=2014-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2014%2FJun-15%2F260207-syria-pounds-isis-bases-in-coordination-with-iraq.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140617091532/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jun-15/260207-syria-pounds-isis-bases-in-coordination-with-iraq.ashx">"Syria pounds ISIS bases in coordination with Iraq"</a>. The Daily Star. Lebanon. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jun-15/260207-syria-pounds-isis-bases-in-coordination-with-iraq.ashx">the original</a> on 17 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Syria+pounds+ISIS+bases+in+coordination+with+Iraq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2014%2FJun-15%2F260207-syria-pounds-isis-bases-in-coordination-with-iraq.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2014/0616/Why-ISIS-gains-in-Iraq-are-reshaping-Syrian-regime-s-war-strategy-video">"Why ISIS gains in Iraq are reshaping Syrian regime's war strategy"</a>. The Christian Science Monitor. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Why+ISIS+gains+in+Iraq+are+reshaping+Syrian+regime%27s+war+strategy&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FMiddle-East%2F2014%2F0616%2FWhy-ISIS-gains-in-Iraq-are-reshaping-Syrian-regime-s-war-strategy-video&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey2014" class="citation web cs1">Carey, Glen (15 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-06-15/jihadis-recruitment-drive-in-riyadh-revives-biggest-saudi-threat.html">"Jihadi Recruitment in Riyadh Revives Saudi Arabia's Greatest Fear"</a>. Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jihadi+Recruitment+in+Riyadh+Revives+Saudi+Arabia%27s+Greatest+Fear&rft.pub=Bloomberg+L.P.&rft.date=2014-06-15&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2014-06-15%2Fjihadis-recruitment-drive-in-riyadh-revives-biggest-saudi-threat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Sep-21/271395-erdogan-no-ransom-paid-for-release-of-turkish-hostages-held-by-isis.ashx#axzz3DmiczHPM">"Erdogan: No ransom paid for release of Turkish hostages held by ISIS"</a>. The Daily Star Newspaper – Lebanon. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star+Newspaper+%E2%80%93+Lebanon&rft.atitle=Erdogan%3A+No+ransom+paid+for+release+of+Turkish+hostages+held+by+ISIS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2014%2FSep-21%2F271395-erdogan-no-ransom-paid-for-release-of-turkish-hostages-held-by-isis.ashx%23axzz3DmiczHPM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-29322562">"Turkey hints at Iraq Mosul hostage exchange"</a>. BBC News. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Turkey+hints+at+Iraq+Mosul+hostage+exchange&rft.date=2014-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-29322562&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/10/turkey-iraq-syria-isis-hostages.html">"Turkey swapped 180 IS militants for 49 hostages"</a>. Al-Monitor. 2 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkey+swapped+180+IS+militants+for+49+hostages&rft.pub=Al-Monitor&rft.date=2014-10-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Fsecurity%2F2014%2F10%2Fturkey-iraq-syria-isis-hostages.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-27891624">"Cameron committed to 'rebuilding' relations with Iran"</a>. BBC. 17 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cameron+committed+to+%27rebuilding%27+relations+with+Iran&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2014-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-27891624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-27898724">"Iraq crisis: ISIS militants threaten UK, says Cameron"</a>. BBC. 18 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+ISIS+militants+threaten+UK%2C+says+Cameron&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-27898724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsweekpakistan.com/u-s-open-to-all-options-as-isil-rages-in-iraq/">"U.S. Open To 'All Options' As Isil Rages in Iraq"</a>. Newsweekpakistan.com. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Open+To+%27All+Options%27+As+Isil+Rages+in+Iraq&rft.pub=Newsweekpakistan.com&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsweekpakistan.com%2Fu-s-open-to-all-options-as-isil-rages-in-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/13/us/iraq-us/">"Obama says no combat troops to Iraq; U.S. weighs airstrikes"</a>. CNN. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obama+says+no+combat+troops+to+Iraq%3B+U.S.+weighs+airstrikes&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F06%2F13%2Fus%2Firaq-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSly2014" class="citation news cs1">Sly, Liz (15 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/several-kurdish-forces-killed-in-iraq-as-shiites-begin-to-slow-advance-of-isis-fighters/2014/06/15/5b0e015c-f473-11e3-b633-0de077c9f768_story.html">"U.S. starts removing embassy staff from Baghdad as ISIS grabs Iraqi town of Tal Afar"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+starts+removing+embassy+staff+from+Baghdad+as+ISIS+grabs+Iraqi+town+of+Tal+Afar&rft.date=2014-06-15&rft.aulast=Sly&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fseveral-kurdish-forces-killed-in-iraq-as-shiites-begin-to-slow-advance-of-isis-fighters%2F2014%2F06%2F15%2F5b0e015c-f473-11e3-b633-0de077c9f768_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPace2014" class="citation web cs1">Pace, Julie (16 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/obama-275-us-forces-deploying-iraq">"Obama: 275 US forces deploying to Iraq"</a>. Associated Press. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obama%3A+275+US+forces+deploying+to+Iraq&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft.aulast=Pace&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigstory.ap.org%2Farticle%2Fobama-275-us-forces-deploying-iraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-us-iraq-iran-20140617-story.html#page=1">"U.S., Iran discuss possible cooperation against Iraq militants"</a>. Los Angeles Times. 17 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.%2C+Iran+discuss+possible+cooperation+against+Iraq+militants&rft.date=2014-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fla-fg-us-iraq-iran-20140617-story.html%23page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChulovAckerman2014" class="citation news cs1">Chulov, Martin; Ackerman, Spencer (19 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/19/iraq-maliki-us-strikes-air-isis-sunni">"Iraq crisis: US 'urging Maliki to resign' – live updates"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+US+%27urging+Maliki+to+resign%27+%E2%80%93+live+updates&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft.aulast=Chulov&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Ackerman%2C+Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjun%2F19%2Firaq-maliki-us-strikes-air-isis-sunni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/iraq-asks-u-s-for-airstrikes-against-militants-1.2680490">"Iraq asks U.S. for airstrikes against militants"</a>. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 19 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iraq+asks+U.S.+for+airstrikes+against+militants&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Firaq-asks-u-s-for-airstrikes-against-militants-1.2680490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgency2014" class="citation news cs1">Agency (19 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/iraq-crisis-president-obama-can-bypass-congress-over-conflict-9547801.html">"Iraq crisis: President Obama can 'bypass Congress' over conflict"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/iraq-crisis-president-obama-can-bypass-congress-over-conflict-9547801.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+President+Obama+can+%27bypass+Congress%27+over+conflict&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft.au=Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Firaq-crisis-president-obama-can-bypass-congress-over-conflict-9547801.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/19/politics/obama-military-options-iraq/">"The good and the bad: President Obama's military options in Iraq"</a>. CNN. 19 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+good+and+the+bad%3A+President+Obama%27s+military+options+in+Iraq&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F06%2F19%2Fpolitics%2Fobama-military-options-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/23/world/meast/iraq-crisis/">"John Kerry arrives in Iraq as more cities fall to ISIS militants"</a>. CNN. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=John+Kerry+arrives+in+Iraq+as+more+cities+fall+to+ISIS+militants&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F06%2F23%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Firaq-crisis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://washington.cbslocal.com/2014/06/23/official-kerry-will-not-ask-iraqi-prime-minister-to-resign-while-in-baghdad/">"US Official: 'There's No Magic Airstrike That's Going To Change The Entire Situation' In Iraq"</a>. Washington.cbslocal.com. 23 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Official%3A+%27There%27s+No+Magic+Airstrike+That%27s+Going+To+Change+The+Entire+Situation%27+In+Iraq&rft.pub=Washington.cbslocal.com&rft.date=2014-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwashington.cbslocal.com%2F2014%2F06%2F23%2Fofficial-kerry-will-not-ask-iraqi-prime-minister-to-resign-while-in-baghdad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2014/8/7/5981449/president-obamas-full-statement-on-the-iraq-crisis">"President Obama's full statement on the Iraq crisis"</a>. Vox. 8 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=President+Obama%27s+full+statement+on+the+Iraq+crisis&rft.date=2014-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2014%2F8%2F7%2F5981449%2Fpresident-obamas-full-statement-on-the-iraq-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> إن ما يحدث من انهيار شامل ٍلقوى العسكر والأمن والشرطة في العراق لم يأت من فراغ، ولا يمكن أن يفسر إلا على أنه جاء بسبب ثورة ٍشعبية، كما دعا العراقيين جميعاً إلى الإسراع بتأليف <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news-today.co/world/10797.html">اتحاد علماء المسلمين برئاسة القرضاوي: ما يحدث في العراق ثورة شعبية</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140615104606/http://www.news-today.co/world/10797.html">Archived</a> 15 June 2014 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/134949-sunni-clerics-criticize-iraq-shiite-call-to-arms">"Sunni Clerics Criticize Iraq Shiite Call to Arms"</a>. Naharnet.com. 14 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunni+Clerics+Criticize+Iraq+Shiite+Call+to+Arms&rft.pub=Naharnet.com&rft.date=2014-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fstories%2Fen%2F134949-sunni-clerics-criticize-iraq-shiite-call-to-arms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140708035218/https://www.watanserb.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%AF/item/1264-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9.html">"القرضاوي: ما يحدث في العراق "ثورة عارمة للسنة" ودعوة السيستاني ستقود إلى حرب طائفية"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Watan_(newspaper)" title="Watan (newspaper)">Watan</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.watanserb.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%AF/item/1264-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9.html">the original</a> on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Watan&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%3A+%D9%85%D8%A7+%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82+%22%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9%22+%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A+%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.watanserb.com%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2587%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587%25D8%25AF%2Fitem%2F1264-%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7-%25D9%258A%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AF%25D8%25AB-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582-%25D8%25AB%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%2586%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2588%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B9%25D9%2588%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A-%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%2582%25D9%2588%25D8%25AF-%25D8%25A5%25D9%2584%25D9%2589-%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%2581%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCol._(ret.)_Dr._Jacques_Neriah2014" class="citation web cs1">Col. (ret.) Dr. Jacques Neriah (11 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jcpa.org/fall-mosul-iraq-jihadists-game-changer/">"Jihadists are on the march in Iraq. – Is the Fall of Mosul in Iraq to the Jihadists a "Game Changer"?"</a>. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jihadists+are+on+the+march+in+Iraq.+%E2%80%93+Is+the+Fall+of+Mosul+in+Iraq+to+the+Jihadists+a+%22Game+Changer%22%3F&rft.pub=Jerusalem+Center+for+Public+Affairs&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.au=Col.+%28ret.%29+Dr.+Jacques+Neriah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjcpa.org%2Ffall-mosul-iraq-jihadists-game-changer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTirana_Hassan2014" class="citation web cs1">Tirana Hassan (3 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150128065159/http://www.frbiu.com/updates-1578158115831610157915751578/-the-gangs-of-iraq-by-tirana-hassan">"The Gangs of Iraq"</a>. Foreign Policy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frbiu.com/updates-1578158115831610157915751578/-the-gangs-of-iraq-by-tirana-hassan">the original</a> on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Gangs+of+Iraq&rft.date=2014-11-03&rft.au=Tirana+Hassan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frbiu.com%2Fupdates-1578158115831610157915751578%2F-the-gangs-of-iraq-by-tirana-hassan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Iraq+offensive+%28June+2014%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://understandingwar.org/iraq-blog">Iraq updates – Institute for the Study of War</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_against_the_Islamic_State" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Template:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Template talk:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_against_the_Islamic_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">War against the Islamic State</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_American_rescue_mission_in_Syria" title="2014 American rescue mission in Syria">American rescue mission</a> (4 July 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in Syria</a> (22 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention in Syria</a> (22 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Turkish intervention in Syria</a> (24 August 2016 – 29 March 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention in Syria</a> (30 September 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention in Syria</a> (November 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">British intervention in Syria</a> (2 December 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention in Syria</a> (4 December 2015 – 12 January 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war">Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war</a> (29 January 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a> (26–27 October 2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Iraq & Kurdistan Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian-led intervention in Iraq</a> (13 June 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">American-led intervention in Iraq</a> (15 June 2014 – 9 December 2021) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2020%E2%80%932021)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2020–2021)">withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">British intervention in Iraq</a> (9 August 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Australian intervention in Iraq</a> (31 August 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact" title="Operation Impact">Canadian intervention in Iraq</a> (4 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention in Iraq</a> (19 September 2014 – present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–Islamic State conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention in Iraq</a> (4 December 2015 – present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian airstrikes in Libya</a> (16 February 2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Afghanistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Taliban security operations</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">American-led intervention in Afghanistan</a> (2015–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nangarhar_airstrike" title="2017 Nangarhar airstrike">2017 Nangarhar airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">First Battle of Tikrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Mosul_Dam" title="Battle for Mosul Dam">Battle for Mosul Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Battle of Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">Sinjar massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Siege of Amirli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Siege of Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suq_al_Ghazi" title="Battle of Suq al Ghazi">Battle of Suq al Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin campaign (2014–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">December 2014 Sinjar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Derna campaign (2014–2016)">Derna campaign (2014–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">Second Battle of Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Anbar campaign (2015–2016)">Anbar campaign (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra offensive (May 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">Al-Hasakah city offensive (May–June 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">Battle of al-Hasakah (June–August 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">2015 al-Hawl offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">November 2015 Sinjar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Nineveh Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">Siege of Fallujah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">Battle of Hit (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirqat_offensive_(2016)" title="Shirqat offensive (2016)">Mosul offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">Battle of Sirte (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa offensive (May 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">Third Battle of Fallujah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">2016 Abu Kamal offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Battle of Tabqa (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Battle of Raqqa (2017)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Battle of Tal Afar (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Battle of Hawija (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">2017 Western Iraq campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defeating_ISIS" title="Defeating ISIS">Defeating ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State_aerial_order_of_battle" title="War against the Islamic State aerial order of battle">Aerial order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State_ground_order_of_battle" title="War against the Islamic State ground order of battle">Ground order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Iran and the Islamic State">Iran and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_military_intervention_in_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="American military intervention in Cameroon">American military intervention in Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Response_of_Saudi_Arabia_to_the_Islamic_State" title="Response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State">Response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State" title="Collaboration with the Islamic State">Collaborationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_the_international_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="List of military awards and decorations of the international military intervention against the Islamic State">List of military awards and decorations of the international military intervention against the Islamic State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&params=36.3372_N_43.1358_E_source:wikidata">36°20′14″N 43°08′09″E / 36.3372°N 43.1358°E / 36.3372; 43.1358</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&oldid=1257936249">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&oldid=1257936249</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_2014" title="Category:Conflicts in 2014">Conflicts in 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_in_Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Category:2014 in Iraqi Kurdistan">2014 in Iraqi Kurdistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_Iraqi_Civil_War_in_2014" title="Category:Military operations of the Iraqi Civil War in 2014">Military operations of the Iraqi Civil War in 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)_involving_the_Peshmerga" title="Category:Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the Peshmerga">Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the Peshmerga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)_involving_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Category:Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)_involving_the_United_States" title="Category:Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the United States">Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)_involving_Hezbollah" title="Category:Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving Hezbollah">Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving Hezbollah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_in_Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Category:Battles involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Iraqi Kurdistan">Battles involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Iraqi Kurdistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)_involving_the_PKK" title="Category:Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the PKK">Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the PKK</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Diyala_Governorate" title="Category:History of Diyala Governorate">History of Diyala Governorate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Kirkuk_Governorate" title="Category:History of Kirkuk Governorate">History of Kirkuk Governorate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st_century_in_Nineveh_Governorate" title="Category:21st century in Nineveh Governorate">21st century in Nineveh Governorate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Saladin_Governorate" title="Category:History of Saladin Governorate">History of Saladin Governorate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:June_2014_events_in_Iraq" title="Category:June 2014 events in Iraq">June 2014 events in Iraq</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2014" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2014">Articles with dead external links from June 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar)" title="Category:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)">CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_archiveis_links" title="Category:Webarchive template archiveis links">Webarchive template archiveis links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2014" title="Category:Use dmy dates from June 2014">Use dmy dates from June 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_June_2014" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2014">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_August_2014" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2014">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 09:09 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-nb2j4","wgBackendResponseTime":177,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.389","walltime":"2.650","ppvisitednodes":{"value":14141,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":485219,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14275,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":16,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":825185,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2320.631 1 -total"," 58.96% 1368.321 1 Template:Reflist"," 30.29% 702.891 142 Template:Cite_web"," 17.82% 413.622 79 Template:Cite_news"," 7.03% 163.031 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 5.91% 137.227 1 Template:Langx"," 5.05% 117.256 1 Template:Campaignbox_War_in_Iraq_(2013–2017)"," 4.93% 114.351 1 Template:Campaignbox"," 3.99% 92.545 1 Template:Short_description"," 2.94% 68.186 3 Template:Clarify"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.470","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":26443095,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","240","15.6"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","220","14.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","160","10.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","140","9.1"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","6.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","100","6.5"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","100","6.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::unstripNoWiki","40","2.6"],["\u003Cmw.title.lua:50\u003E","40","2.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","40","2.6"],["[others]","360","23.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6klwk","timestamp":"20241122151921","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17144192","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17144192","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2014-06-10T14:00:47Z","dateModified":"2024-11-17T09:09:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a4\/Islamic_State_Offensive_in_Iraq_%28June_2014%29.png","headline":"ISIL military offensive in northern Iraq against Iraqi government (2014)"}</script> </body> </html>