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Innovative Biomarkers and Imaging Techniques in Brain Tumor Diagnosis and Management – Cancer Science
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id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-221" class="post-221 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-brain-tumor tag-biomarkers tag-brain-tumor tag-imaging-techniques tag-magnetic-resonance-imaging tag-methyltransferase tag-nnovative-biomarkers tag-novel-biomarkers-for-brain-tumors tag-oncological-diseases" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="1200" height="628" src="https://cancerscience.net/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Cancer-scaled-e1727165058183.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Innovative Biomarkers and Imaging Techniques in Brain Tumor Diagnosis and Management</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-24T13:34:39+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">September 24, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://cancerscience.net/archive/author/cancerscience/" title="View all posts by cancerscience" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">cancerscience</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <h3><b>Introduction</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Among the oncological diseases, brain tumors are considered a difficult category since they are characterized by complexity in their formation and the important role of the organs of the brain. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Regarding the diagnosis and management of brain tumors, primarily gliomas, it remains critical to carry out proper diagnosis and management to enhance the patient’s prognosis. Biomarkers and imaging have undergone significant development in recent years and have significantly changed the methods of diagnosing and treating brain tumors. These improvements have improved the clinician’s abilities in characterizing the tumor as well as delivering and evaluating therapy results. Further, it focuses on how biomarkers and imaging technology for differential brain tumor diagnosis have continued to evolve.</span></p> <h3><b>The Role of Biomarkers in Brain Tumor Diagnosis</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Biomarkers are laboratory indicators and parameters that, upon measurement, would enable one to deduce the presence and/or development of diseases such as brain tumors. As a result, in the context of gliomas, several biomarkers have been discovered that are extensively used for diagnosis and treatment planning.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There is the so-called vascular normalization index—that biomarker indicates the effectiveness of this high-risk therapy in targeting vascular endothelial growth factor in glioblastoma. This index involves various factors, such as alterations in permeability as well as microvessel number, to assess the outcome of the treatment. Abnormal values of these biomarkers early can signal a patient’s treatment response, allowing for changes in his/her treatment regime.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another severe biomarker is the MGMT (O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) promoter methylation status. It was identified that this marker could be used to anticipate the frequency and outcomes of pseudoprogression in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients after concomitant radiochemotherapy. Pseudoprogression is the phenomenon in which treatment-induced changes appear like tumor progression in imaging scans, which creates challenges in evaluating patient’s responses. Identifying the MGMT status of a patient will help to distinguish between true progression and pseudoprogression, hence aiding clinicians in making the right decisions for the patients.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://cancerscience.net/publication-trends/index/brain tumor" target="_blank" title="brain tumor - yearwise publication trends">brain tumor</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; 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if (!statistics || Object.keys(statistics).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var tableHTML = `<div class='pub-scroll'> <table class='tablediv' border='1' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0'> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Publication Count</th> </tr>`; Object.entries(statistics).sort(([yearA], [yearB]) => yearB - yearA).forEach(([year, count]) => { const displayCount = count === 0 ? 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Neuroimaging is the key contributing factor to the current diagnostic capabilities when it comes to the structure and function of brain tumors.</span></p> <h3><b>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">MRI still plays the most important role in providing detailed diagnostic information about the location and type of brain tumors as well as providing high-resolution images of the soft tissues of the brain. Newer applications of MRI in the assessment of brain tumors have only developed in the last few years.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DWI and DTI are two advanced MRI techniques that give information from the molecules of the water displacement in tissues. Such methods can differentiate between tumor regrowth and post-surgical alterations concerning water mobility in tissues. DWI is also beneficial in detecting areas of restricted diffusion, which commonly refers to tumors, while post-surgical confusion usually has a different signal intensity.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another MRI technique that is employed in evaluating blood flow in the brain is perfusion-weighted imaging, commonly referred to as PWI. It can distinguish between the malignant and the benign tumors depending on the blood supply of the latter. PWI analyzes parameters like CBV and CBF that enlighten physicians about tumor angiogenesis and the probable response to treatment.</span></p> <h3><b>Positron Emission Tomography (PET)</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Combined with MRI, PET imaging is more frequently used to obtain additional data on the malignancy of brain tumors. PET scans contain radiotracers that image the metabolic activity of the brain; thus, it can be said that PET scans provide functional data about the brain in addition to the structural information provided by MRI.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The most frequently used modality belonging to the PET imaging technique is 18F-FDG (Fluorodeoxyglucose) which measures glucose consumption in the tissues of the brain. The different biodistributions of 18F-FDG in high and low-grade tumors reflect the fact that the former has increased glucose metabolism, so with PET using this tracer, it is possible to differentiate between the neoplastic lesion and the changes in tissues subjected to irradiation, such as radiation necrosis. However, 18F-FDG PET has certain drawbacks, particularly in low-grade tumors since the latter has low metabolic rates.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In this approach, new amino acid PET tracers methyl-11C-methionine (MET) and fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine (FET) have been described as more sensitive and specific regarding brain tumor imaging. These tracers are particularly useful in cases of recurrent malignancies and differentiation from the alteration due to therapy. Amino-acid-based PET tracers are also useful in the detection of low-grade tumors when 18 F-FDG PET is suboptimal.</span></p> <h3><b>Molecular Imaging Techniques</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Molecular imaging has therefore emerged as an efficient method of imaging specific molecular and cellular events that occur in tumors. These techniques yield general information on tumor biology and may be useful for its treatment.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the same case, one method that helps determine the concentration of metabolites in the brain is magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS can selectively determine definite metabolic profiles characteristic of various types of tumors, and give noninvasive information on the tumor’s metabolism. This technique proves valuable in differentiating between the biochemical recurrence of the tumor and the effects of treatment.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another potential molecular imaging methodology is the application of state-of-the-art MRI techniques to assess vascular properties and treatment outcomes. Based on the changes in vascular permeability and density of microvessels, physicians can determine the efficacy of anti-angiogenic treatments. All of these parameters are incorporated into determining the ‘vascular normalization index, which has a prognostic value and determines the further treatment plan.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://cancerscience.net/recent-publications/index/brain tumor" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="brain tumor - yearwise publication list">brain tumor</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .author-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .publication-block { padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #000!important; } .publication-block a { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 1em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; color: #000; padding: 0px; } .publication-block a:hover{ color: #227cdc; text-decoration:underline; } .article-scroll { max-height: 445px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #ababab; border-radius:30px; } .publication-block p { margin-bottom: .5em; font-size: 15px; color: #000; } h3 { font-size: 18px !important; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; } a { padding: 5px; color: #a71c49; } #keyword-papers{ margin-top: 20px; text-align: center; } </style> <script> function displayResults_recent(papers) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_recent'); if (!papers || papers.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No recent publications found.</p>'; return; } papers.forEach(paper => { var publicationBlock = document.createElement('div'); publicationBlock.className = 'publication-block'; var publicationHTML = ` <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;"><a href="${paper.url}" target="_blank" title="${paper.title}">${paper.title}</a></div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> ${paper.publishedDate}</p> `; publicationBlock.innerHTML = publicationHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(publicationBlock); }); } function displayKeywordPapers(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-papers'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://cancerscience.net/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "A Rare Case of Thoracic SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumor With Diffuse Brain Metastasis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947666", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Identification of TNFAIP6 as a reliable prognostic indicator of low-grade glioma.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38948040", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The CCL2-CCR4 Axis Promotes Regulatory T Cell Trafficking to Canine Glioma Tissues.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947002", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis From Medulloblastoma in a Young Adult: Case Report and Literature Review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947611", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder associated with ovarian dysgerminoma: a case report and literature review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947316", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Investigation of the effects of curcumin and piperine on cyclophosphamide-induced brain injury in rats.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38953502", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Using a three-dimensional-printed device with the patient\\\\\\'s maxillary dental impression allows to perform minimally invasive brain biopsies in dogs and cats: a preliminary study.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38955214", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "[Tumor-Like Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis With Spina Involvement:Report of One Case].", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38953273", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Utilizing human cerebral organoids to model breast cancer brain metastasis in culture.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38951862", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Recent advances in gene delivery nanoplatforms based on spherical nucleic acids.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38951806", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "[Calcium Dibutyryl Adenosine Cyclophosphate Enhances the Effect of Metoprolol in Treating Older Adults With Heart Failure Combined With Arrhythmia].", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38948272", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Capmatinib is an effective treatment for MET-fusion driven pediatric high-grade glioma and synergizes with radiotherapy.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38849845", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Charge-switchable cell-penetrating peptides for rerouting nanoparticles to glioblastoma treatment.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38850741", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "SRSF9 promotes cell proliferation and migration of glioblastoma through enhancing CDK1 expression.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38842611", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Alzheimer\\\\\\'s disease and drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier: approaches and challenges.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38849950", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Recent advances in breast cancer metastasis with special emphasis on metastasis to the brain.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38850880", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Effects of protein-enriched nutritional support on skeletal muscle mass and rehabilitative outcomes in brain tumor patients: a randomized controlled trial.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38839858", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Assessing tumor volumetric reduction with consideration for setup errors based on mathematical tumor model and microdosimetric kinetic model in single-isocenter VMAT for brain metastases.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38884671", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Programmed cell death disrupts inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) and promotes glioblastoma evolution.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38890642", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade glioma with T2-FLAIR mismatch sign: a case report and literature review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38884778", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["brain tumor","biomarkers","imaging techniques","MRI","PET","glioma","vascular normalization index","MGMT promoter methylation","diffusion-weighted imaging","perfusion-weighted imaging"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); </script></p> <h3><b>Challenges and Future Directions</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Thus, several issues can be identified concerning the application of biomarkers and imaging techniques in brain tumor diagnosis and treatment. Among the issues, the most significant one is the molecular heterogeneity of brain tumors, which may show significant differences regarding the molecular profile and clinical behavior. This issue is expected in patients’ heterogeneity when diagnosing or when providing proper treatment recommendations.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Also, from the results of imaging, there may be difficulties in its interpretation, especially when there are changes related to treatment, for example, pseudoprogression. These challenges can be tackled using advanced imaging techniques as well as biomarkers in the diagnosis of the conditions, though more research has to be conducted to standardize these tools.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Towards the future of Brain tumor imaging and biomarkers is the advancement of more complicated molecular imaging that seeks to identify distinct molecular pathways within a tumor. These techniques could indeed shed more light on the issues relating to the biology of tumors. and help in the direction of therapeutic approaches. Also, prompt fusion of images with genomics and proteomics could enhance the management of brain tumors in as much as tumor care can be further individualized.</span></p> <h3><b>Conclusion</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The general field of diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors is dynamic due to new biomarkers and imaging methods. Such techniques are helping clinicians to have a better understanding of brain tumor descriptions and finding ways of implementing them, thus helping patients. With the development of cutting-edge technologies, likely, the application of these tools in the clinical treatment of brain tumors will be beneficial for the improvement of the total patient outcome.</span></p> <p></p> <h3><b>References</b></h3> <ol> <li>Brem, S.S., Bierman, P.J., Brem, H., Butowski, N., Chamberlain, M.C., Chiocca, E.A., DeAngelis, L.M., Fenstermaker, R.A., Friedman, A., Gilbert, M.R. and Hesser, D., 2011. <a href="https://jnccn.org/view/journals/jnccn/9/4/article-p352.xml">Central nervous system cancers.</a> <i>Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network</i>, <i>9</i>(4), pp.352-400.</li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Friedman HS, Prados MD, Wen PY, Mikkelsen T, Schiff D, Abrey LE, Yung WK, Paleologos N, Nicholas MK, Jensen R, Vredenburgh J, Huang J, Zheng M, Cloughesy T. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19720927/">Bevacizumab alone and in combination with irinotecan in recurrent glioblastoma.</a> J Clin Oncol. 2009 Oct 1;27(28):4733-40. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.19.8721. Epub 2009 Aug 31. PMID: 19720927.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Sorensen AG, Batchelor TT, Zhang WT, Chen PJ, Yeo P, Wang M, Jennings D, Wen PY, Lahdenranta J, Ancukiewicz M, di Tomaso E, Duda DG, Jain RK. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19549889/">A “vascular normalization index” as potential mechanistic biomarker to predict survival after a single dose of cediranib in recurrent glioblastoma patients.</a> Cancer Res. 2009 Jul 1;69(13):5296-300. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0814. Epub 2009 Jun 23. PMID: 19549889; PMCID: PMC2824172.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">van den Bent MJ, Vogelbaum MA, Wen PY, Macdonald DR, Chang SM. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2702230/">End point assessment in gliomas: novel treatments limit usefulness of classical Macdonald’s Criteria.</a> J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jun 20;27(18):2905-8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.22.4998. Epub 2009 May 18. PMID: 19451418; PMCID: PMC2702230.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Kreisl TN, Kim L, Moore K, Duic P, Royce C, Stroud I, Garren N, Mackey M, Butman JA, Camphausen K, Park J, Albert PS, Fine HA. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19114704/">Phase II trial of single-agent bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab plus irinotecan at tumor progression in recurrent glioblastoma.</a> J Clin Oncol. 2009 Feb 10;27(5):740-5. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.16.3055. Epub 2008 Dec 29. 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PMID: 18484594.</div> </li> <li>Narayana, A., Raza, S., Golfinos, J.G., Johnson, G., Knopp, E.A., Zagzag, D., Fischer, I., Medabalmi, P., Eagan, P. and Gruber, M.L., 2008. <a href="https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.13000">Bevacizumab therapy in recurrent high grade glioma: impact on local control and survival</a>. <i>Journal of Clinical Oncology</i>, <i>26</i>(15_suppl), pp.13000-13000.</li> </ol> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">brain tumor</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://cancerscience.net/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.2; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .author-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #227cdc; } .author-block p { margin: 5px 0; } .author-b { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom:10px; } .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 30%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; background: #dcdcdc; padding: 7px 14px; border-radius: 5px; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 10px; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 100%; margin: 10px 0; } } </style> <script> function displayResults_author(authors) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_author'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!authors || Object.keys(authors).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No authors found.</p>'; return; } Object.values(authors).slice(0, 10).forEach(author => { var authorBlock = document.createElement('div'); authorBlock.className = 'author-block'; var author_name=author.name; let key_replace = author_name.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); var authorHTML = ` <h3><a href="https://cancerscience.net/author/index/${key_replace}\/${author.aid}" target="_blank" title="${author.name}">${author.name}</a></h3> <div class="author-b"> <div class="ainfo"><strong>H-Index:</strong> ${author.hindex}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Publication Count:</strong> ${author.paper_count}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Citation Count:</strong> ${author.citation_count}</div> </div> <p><strong>Affiliation:</strong> ${author.affiliation}</p> `; authorBlock.innerHTML = authorHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(authorBlock); }); } function displayKeywordAuthors(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-authors'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach(key => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://cancerscience.net/expert-search/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key}">${key}</a>`; }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var authors_data = { "LwnrK4wBWBy50K-rqmuZ": { "aid": "LwnrK4wBWBy50K-rqmuZ", "name": "S. 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