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href="#Aanhaling_uit_die_Kommissie_van_ondersoek_se_verslag_[1]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Aanhaling uit die Kommissie van ondersoek se verslag <sup><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aanhaling_uit_die_Kommissie_van_ondersoek_se_verslag_[1]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vooruitsigte_vir_ontsnapping_deur_die_bemanning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vooruitsigte_vir_ontsnapping_deur_die_bemanning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vooruitsigte vir ontsnapping deur die bemanning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vooruitsigte_vir_ontsnapping_deur_die_bemanning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgawe" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 48 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B7%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="تحطم مكوك الفضاء تشالنجر – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تحطم مكوك الفضاء تشالنجر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ellencer_%C5%9Fattl_q%C9%99zas%C4%B1" title="Çellencer şattl qəzası – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çellencer şattl qəzası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AB%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="چلنجر شاتل حادیثه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چلنجر شاتل حادیثه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%C2%BB" title="Катастрофа шатла «Чэленджэр» – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Катастрофа шатла «Чэленджэр»" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="স্পেস শাটল চ্যালেঞ্জার দুর্ঘটনা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্পেস শাটল চ্যালেঞ্জার দুর্ঘটনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accident_del_transbordador_espacial_Challenger" title="Accident del transbordador espacial Challenger – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Accident del transbordador espacial Challenger" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%86%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%81%DA%95%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%DA%B5%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%95%D8%B1" title="کارەساتی مەکۆکی فڕینی بۆشاییی چاڵنجەر – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کارەساتی مەکۆکی فڕینی بۆشاییی چاڵنجەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenger-Katastrophe" title="Challenger-Katastrophe – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Challenger-Katastrophe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Τραγωδία του Τσάλεντζερ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τραγωδία του Τσάλεντζερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accidente_del_transbordador_espacial_Challenger" title="Accidente del transbordador espacial Challenger – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Accidente del transbordador espacial Challenger" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challengeri_katastroof" title="Challengeri katastroof – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Challengeri katastroof" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenger_espazio_anezkaren_istripua" title="Challenger espazio anezkaren istripua – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Challenger espazio anezkaren istripua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%86%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="حادثه انفجار شاتل فضایی چلنجر – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حادثه انفجار شاتل فضایی چلنجر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accident_de_la_navette_spatiale_Challenger" title="Accident de la navette spatiale Challenger – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Accident de la navette spatiale Challenger" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accidente_do_transbordador_espacial_Challenger" title="Accidente do transbordador espacial Challenger – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Accidente do transbordador espacial Challenger" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C_%D7%A6%27%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%A8" title="אסון מעבורת החלל צ'לנג'ר – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסון מעבורת החלל צ'לנג'ר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katastrofa_Space_Shuttle_Challengera" title="Katastrofa Space Shuttle Challengera – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Katastrofa Space Shuttle Challengera" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenger-katasztr%C3%B3fa" title="Challenger-katasztrófa – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Challenger-katasztrófa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BB%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Չելենջեր տիեզերանավի աղետ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չելենջեր տիեզերանավի աղետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musibah_Pesawat_Ulang_Alik_Challenger" title="Musibah Pesawat Ulang Alik Challenger – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Musibah Pesawat Ulang Alik Challenger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disastro_dello_Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Disastro dello Space Shuttle Challenger – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Disastro dello Space Shuttle Challenger" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E5%8F%B7%E7%88%86%E7%99%BA%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="チャレンジャー号爆発事故 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャレンジャー号爆発事故" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B1%8C%EB%A6%B0%EC%A0%80_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%99%95%EB%B3%B5%EC%84%A0_%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C_%EC%82%AC%EA%B3%A0" title="챌린저 우주왕복선 폭발 사고 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="챌린저 우주왕복선 폭발 사고" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qezaya_ke%C5%9Ftiya_fezay%C3%AA_ya_Challenger" title="Qezaya keştiya fezayê ya Challenger – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qezaya keştiya fezayê ya Challenger" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenger_katastrofa" title="Challenger katastrofa – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Challenger katastrofa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="ചലഞ്ചർ ദുരന്തം – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചലഞ്ചർ ദുരന്തം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bencana_kapal_angkasa_Challenger" title="Bencana kapal angkasa Challenger – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bencana kapal angkasa Challenger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramp_met_ruimteveer_Challenger" title="Ramp met ruimteveer Challenger – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ramp met ruimteveer Challenger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katastrofa_promu_Challenger" title="Katastrofa promu Challenger – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katastrofa promu Challenger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidente_do_%C3%B4nibus_espacial_Challenger" title="Acidente do ônibus espacial Challenger – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Acidente do ônibus espacial Challenger" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dezastrul_navetei_spa%C8%9Biale_Challenger" title="Dezastrul navetei spațiale Challenger – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dezastrul navetei spațiale Challenger" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%C2%BB" title="Катастрофа шаттла «Челленджер» – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Катастрофа шаттла «Челленджер»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katastrofa_space_shuttlea_Challenger" title="Katastrofa space shuttlea Challenger – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Katastrofa space shuttlea Challenger" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81_%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="චැලෙන්ජර් අභ්‍යාවකාශ ෂටල ව්‍යසනය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චැලෙන්ජර් අභ්‍යාවකාශ ෂටල ව්‍යසනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesre%C4%8Da_raketoplana_Challenger" title="Nesreča raketoplana Challenger – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nesreča raketoplana Challenger" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81-%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Катастрофа спејс-шатла Чаленџер – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Катастрофа спејс-шатла Чаленџер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="சாலஞ்சர் விண்ணோட விபத்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாலஞ்சர் விண்ணோட விபத்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B8%D2%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%C2%BB" title="Инфиҷори фазопаймои «Чалланҷар» – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Инфиҷори фазопаймои «Чалланҷар»" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ภัยพิบัติกระสวยอวกาศแชลเลนเจอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภัยพิบัติกระสวยอวกาศแชลเลนเจอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenger_Uzay_Meki%C4%9Fi_kazas%C4%B1" title="Challenger Uzay Mekiği kazası – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Challenger Uzay Mekiği kazası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ellencer_%C5%9Fattl%C4%B1n%C4%B1%C3%B1_h%C3%A4l%C3%A4k%C3%A4te" title="Çellencer şattlınıñ häläkäte – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Çellencer şattlınıñ häläkäte" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%C2%BB" title="Катастрофа шатла «Челленджер» – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Катастрофа шатла «Челленджер»" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A3m_h%E1%BB%8Da_t%C3%A0u_con_thoi_Challenger" title="Thảm họa tàu con thoi Challenger – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thảm họa tàu con thoi Challenger" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9C_%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2" title="קאסמאס שאטל טשאלענדזשער קאטאסטראפע – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאסמאס שאטל טשאלענדזשער קאטאסטראפע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8C%91%E6%88%98%E8%80%85%E5%8F%B7%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E7%81%BE%E9%9A%BE" title="挑战者号航天飞机灾难 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="挑战者号航天飞机灾难" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0i-khong-so_Challenger_s%C5%AB-k%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Thài-khong-so Challenger sū-kò͘ – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thài-khong-so Challenger sū-kò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q858145#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Challenger-ramp" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Challenger-ramp" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Challenger-ramp"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Challenger-ramp"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Challenger-ramp" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Challenger-ramp" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&oldid=2463640" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Challenger-ramp&id=2463640&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChallenger-ramp"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChallenger-ramp"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Challenger-ramp"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Challenger-ramp&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q858145" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Challenger_Rocket_Booster_-_GPN-2000-001422.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Challenger_Rocket_Booster_-_GPN-2000-001422.jpg/200px-Challenger_Rocket_Booster_-_GPN-2000-001422.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Challenger_Rocket_Booster_-_GPN-2000-001422.jpg/300px-Challenger_Rocket_Booster_-_GPN-2000-001422.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Challenger_Rocket_Booster_-_GPN-2000-001422.jpg/400px-Challenger_Rocket_Booster_-_GPN-2000-001422.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2339" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Die ruimtependeltuig Challenger se einde. Die linkeraanjaer skiet bokant die ontploffing uit.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Shuttle_Patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Shuttle_Patch.svg/70px-Shuttle_Patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Shuttle_Patch.svg/105px-Shuttle_Patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Shuttle_Patch.svg/140px-Shuttle_Patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Die ramp van die <a href="/wiki/Ruimtependeltuig_Challenger" title="Ruimtependeltuig Challenger">ruimtependeltuig Challenger</a> het op <a href="/wiki/28_Januarie" title="28 Januarie">28 Januarie</a> <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> plaasgevind. Die NASA-ruimtependeltuig het op sy tiende sending 73 sekondes na lansering vanaf <a href="/wiki/Kaap_Canaveral" title="Kaap Canaveral">Kaap Canaveral</a> ontplof. Al sewe bemanningslede het gesterf. Hulle was <a href="/wiki/Dick_Scobee" title="Dick Scobee">Dick Scobee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Smith" title="Michael J. Smith">Michael J. Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNair" title="Ronald McNair">Ronald McNair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellison_Onizuka" title="Ellison Onizuka">Ellison Onizuka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christa_McAuliffe" title="Christa McAuliffe">Christa McAuliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Jarvis" title="Gregory Jarvis">Gregory Jarvis</a> en <a href="/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik">Judith Resnik</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oorsaak">Oorsaak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Oorsaak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Oorsaak"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die oorsaak van die ontploffing is later, na 'n uitgebreide ondersoek, vasgestel. Dit blyk dat 'n onderdeel, genoem 'n O-ring ('n seël), gebreek het in die regterkantse vuurpylaanjaer. Tydens die vlug het warm gasse verby die beskadigde O-ring ontsnap, 'n gat gevorm, en vlamme het later die hele tuig en sy vuurpyle verswelg. </p><p>Die bemanning se kajuit en baie ander fragmente is uiteindelik op die seebodem gevind na 'n lang soekoperasie. Die presiese tydsberekening van die dood van die bemanning is onbekend; verskeie bemanningslede moes die aanvanklike ontbinding van die ruimtetuig oorleef het. Die pendeltuig het nie enige ontsnappingstelsel vir die bemanning (soos <a href="/wiki/Valskerm" title="Valskerm">valskerms</a>) gehad nie en die impak van die kajuit (teen 330 km/h) met die see-oppervlak was ook te gewelddadig vir enige mens om te oorleef. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/320px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/480px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/640px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3869" data-file-height="3095" /></a><figcaption>Die bemanningslede: (voor) <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Smith" title="Michael J. Smith">Michael J. Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Scobee" title="Dick Scobee">Dick Scobee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNair" title="Ronald McNair">Ronald McNair</a>; (agter) <a href="/wiki/Ellison_Onizuka" title="Ellison Onizuka">Ellison Onizuka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christa_McAuliffe" title="Christa McAuliffe">Christa McAuliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Jarvis" title="Gregory Jarvis">Gregory Jarvis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik">Judith Resnik</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aanhaling_uit_die_Kommissie_van_ondersoek_se_verslag_[1]"><span id="Aanhaling_uit_die_Kommissie_van_ondersoek_se_verslag_.5B1.5D"></span>Aanhaling uit die Kommissie van ondersoek se verslag <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Aanhaling uit die Kommissie van ondersoek se verslag [1]" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Aanhaling uit die Kommissie van ondersoek se verslag [1]"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellpadding="10" style="border-collapse:collapse; background-color: var(--background-color-base); color:var( --color-base ) border-style:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cquote1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cquote1.svg/20px-Cquote1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cquote1.svg/30px-Cquote1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cquote1.svg/40px-Cquote1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> </td> <td>Die Kommissie het verskillende postulasies ondersoek in sy poging om die oorsaak van die ongeluk te isoleer. Hierdie navrae het aspekte soos die ontwikkeling en werking van elk van die elemente van die ruimtependeltuig ondersoek, sy hoofenjins en die eksterne tenk; asook die prosedures wat gebruik is vir die prosessering en samestelling van vlug 51-L, en enige moontlike skade tydens lansering. <p>Die gebeure van die vlug 51-L het die gevare van die eerste fase van pendeltuiglansering dramaties geïllustreer. Die ongeluk het ook die aandag gevestig op die kwessies van die tuig se staakvermoëns en bemanningsontsnapping. Van besondere belang vir die Kommissie is die huidige staakvermoëns, planne om die vermoëns te verbeter, beter opsies vir bemanningsontsnapping en die prestasie van die baanveiligheidstelsel. Dit is nie die Kommissie se doel om 'n raaiskoot te waag oor die ruimtependeltuig se veiligheidsontwerp of om ontsnappogings wat dalk die 51-L se bemanning kon gered het, uit te beeld nie. Trouens, die gebeure wat gelei het tot die vernietiging van die <i>Challenger</i>, het baie vinnig en sonder waarskuwing ontstaan. Onder die omstandighede, meen die Kommissie dit is hoogs onwaarskynlik dat enige van die stelsels wat hieronder bespreek word, of 'n kombinasie van die stelsels, die bemanning van vlug 51-L kon gered het.<br /> </p> </td> <td valign="bottom"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cquote2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Cquote2.svg/20px-Cquote2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Cquote2.svg/30px-Cquote2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Cquote2.svg/40px-Cquote2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vooruitsigte_vir_ontsnapping_deur_die_bemanning">Vooruitsigte vir ontsnapping deur die bemanning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Vooruitsigte vir ontsnapping deur die bemanning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Vooruitsigte vir ontsnapping deur die bemanning"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tydens die aangedrewe vlugdeel van die pendeltuig is ontsnapping deur die bemanning byna onmoontlik. Lanseerontsnappingstelsels is 'n paar keer tydens pendelontwikkeling oorweeg, maar <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a> se gevolgtrekking was dat die tuig se verwagte hoë betroubaarheid die behoefte aan so iets onnodig maak. Gewysigde <a href="/wiki/SR-71_Blackbird" title="SR-71 Blackbird">SR-71 Blackbird</a> uitskietstoele en volle lugdrukpakke is gebruik tydens die eerste vier pendelbaanmissies, wat beskou was as toetsvlugte, maar dit is verwyder vir die <i>operasionele</i> missies wat gevolg het. (Die Columbia-ongelukondersoekraad verklaar later ná die 2003 Columbia-ramp, dat die pendeloperasies nooit <i>operasioneel</i> verklaar moes word nie, want dit bly <i>eksperimenteel</i> as gevolg van die beperkte aantal vlugte in vergelyking met gesertifiseerde kommersiële vliegtuie.) Die verskaffing van 'n lanseerontsnappingstelsel vir groter spanne is as ongewens beskou as gevolg van "beperkte nut, tegniese kompleksiteit en buitensporige koste in dollars, massa of skedulevertragings." </p><p>Ná die verlies van Challenger is die debat oor rampredding heropen. NASA het verskeie opsies oorweeg, insluitend uitskietstoele, vuurpylonttrekking en moontlike redding deur die ruimtetuig deur 'n luik aan sy onderkant te verlaat. NASA kom egter weer tot die gevolgtrekking dat al die lanseerontsnappingstelsels wat oorweeg is, onprakties is, weens die vele voertuigveranderinge wat nodig sou wees en die gevolglike beperking op die aantal bemanningslede. 'n Stelsel is ontwerp om die bemanning die opsie te gee om die pendeltuig tydens sy sweefvlug te verlaat, maar hierdie stelsel sou in elk geval nie bruikbaar gewees het tydens die Challenger-ramp nie.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons logo"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> het meer media in die kategorie <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Challenger-ramp</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFRogers_Commission1986" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rogers Commission (6 Junie 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/rogersrep/v1ch9.htm">"Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, Chapter IX: Other Safety Considerations"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in Engels). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714121931/https://history.nasa.gov/rogersrep/v1ch9.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 14 Julie 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">12 Junie</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Presidential+Commission+on+the+Space+Shuttle+Challenger+Accident%2C+Chapter+IX%3A+Other+Safety+Considerations%22&rft.date=1986-06-06&rft.au=Rogers+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Frogersrep%2Fv1ch9.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AChallenger-ramp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFRogers_Commission1987" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rogers Commission (Junie 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/rogersrep/v6ch6.htm">"Implementation of the Recommendations of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, Recommendation VII"</a> (in Engels). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714132049/https://history.nasa.gov/rogersrep/v6ch6.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 14 Julie 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">12 Junie</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Implementation+of+the+Recommendations+of+the+Presidential+Commission+on+the+Space+Shuttle+Challenger+Accident%2C+Recommendation+VII&rft.date=1987-06&rft.au=Rogers+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Frogersrep%2Fv6ch6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AChallenger-ramp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="toccolours" style="text-align: left; width: 100%; font-size: 85%; clear:both; margin: 0em 0em -0.5em; padding: .5em 1em; vertical-align: middle;"> <tbody><tr> <td>Hierdie artikel is in sy geheel of gedeeltelik vanuit die <span class="plainlinks"></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" class="extiw" title="en:Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Engelse Wikipedia</a> vertaal. </td> <td width="20"><div style="position: relative; width: 20px; height: 20px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Vertaalvanaf/info" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjabloon:Vertaalvanaf/info"><span title="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon.">   </span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Crystal_txt.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon."><img alt="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/20px-Crystal_txt.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/30px-Crystal_txt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/40px-Crystal_txt.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&oldid=2463640">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Challenger-ramp&oldid=2463640</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorieë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Rampe" title="Kategorie:Rampe">Rampe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Ruimtependeltuie" title="Kategorie:Ruimtependeltuie">Ruimtependeltuie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Ruimtevaart" title="Kategorie:Ruimtevaart">Ruimtevaart</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Engels_(en)" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Engels (en)">AS1-bronne in Engels (en)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 9 November 2021 om 10:22 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. 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