CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '922660a13da69c63',cH: 'nslVIR4QCs60sp2WykTlHnHtg9UzAQfMctPdzNLzid8-1742318182-1.2.1.1-nn8vTxkrQFavrb1BvWv2Qq.5VCKIRlBvDn_GtVE7EkBl8PXKVBkZctEPf2wLv5jx',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.2307\/1224436?__cf_chl_tk=4A0jyArAFh2j6W8z9HlxywrMoPa8E0AA1RihOw_9OZs-1742318182-1.0.1.1-U8KarXI2CKkaV_WJII_xq.oJmtD0QQLloAOQC_.bUHg",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1742318182',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.2307\/1224436?__cf_chl_f_tk=4A0jyArAFh2j6W8z9HlxywrMoPa8E0AA1RihOw_9OZs-1742318182-1.0.1.1-U8KarXI2CKkaV_WJII_xq.oJmtD0QQLloAOQC_.bUHg",md: "JYyfH4cX8wYMGBxjsc3d4JZNDza4sG7XGlp9IaMeIXU-1742318182-1.2.1.1-X3C1lciaZ7SgO.yvCLs.CDJPnZxT9oE1pGLzfwk5GdI6AQqUv_Z5yTgJDaBW1tDpwQrWpvuzR1VKTkTGraz8X5ML6LA94DOYklIFvA6prfFulTfRCxMWOCmWsyx3B1rm4joYgnE2P3.DgYSP0UOC8BTCQl.fqactT2oq6FClb3M0R4NHvAj.2yOGZW81OS1Ya_yXv9HexAxty8WB6aTmOskVQNtm9hMdlFJgAev1kUmXgRW9XnJDHDnlwqduGcar7RmdibH6JsMyhHNJCHe8LU14apGdD1VVP0tAmzxbAogCDxUiA7DEVs27t3sP013eQJY2ymTeNaYoDy3xIKVnboQIT9Aq5Uos08BFONexU7EE2ymvaDcUXmR3s.xtldA54HODRZt.lpjwUfGUp5PUVKMdr5HkX6YhGYp6K0CHbR8A71f.sqbZgVmHHLnhOKeTalT5LU9y6N7b02BVsig_TTBUkfmqxHEEPH5nATuD22T5P_BIK6xx3cYtHUBR7z7o1aHCmmxuBS9MMC5HBWAn8adrDto2rXBUNQLVowq.37_E4LfoIb3lL4DYCejRvvg.GSMnjFTOsylSwyPjjmMGxBwVbwxEN3_Sgn5uO82XR_dIAs48CfMXQ9OdLwyK8Ke1AmAAizmXPtXlsf4mT2LPvRCx1JLeaJl6hIBabG814CHz8sPcwoBR3n2xP6yROur41OExO4ieCz2bg9qnuBb34AIZDh25lCIjnTzMg4xMCA.sAdFS.9jdWLRLAMnbRsV4Eo6qxgsBr3W64hbn9jJFp2tGCG_RddLDZACDVYlkXmoswBUQ35P2Oq4M9DYL.XOnFQxsQNLwMQc91TpuFa65ijjnstYGgkK_dx0FmBC0LzZmXEyIAn0RK7FaWcgniQSsuH0Osa.mNkI_sqTHHYcE3XGlsVmAY6GQ0cu5LdS9J8l9LrdZcgWO0_dCQcOO_YNj72RAAWJRaFfuFbB6RN.xwSVK9O0NJ5VYY_Z_TBgs1Dzqo0bN0Q8WNHc28OZac6WeKbErw5NnR_JDavaolFCanUg_NVUZ_8ti.zEFstZ0zhnTLxNsPTH08EQ9p_EQhTGrDd7APHN7480g4b4SR.E42Pt_1jcqyv.EJQ5mjAeQ.DOD8.wtJpTqhQc2_Iu_3m3NAcCPAgMUIL2oI7a48jRQsoyJJaqGksJx8o8BVM3X.tEdP8hVweID57fngYx0xoW0UM6YWmIf.il6jIRcHp2RDZeIQMDOfhJqVICKAx00vHnBmo.PifbNa1VXmi1KDkVi",mdrd: "5RqImq4mZSR7.0VMrJAa6xY_UExjPrj3A3DZjW.WbbU-1742318182-1.2.1.1-7MYufclABzZwNVAYklRIqLPLhldWoaCP3ONaSsLgGwVTo5iKIq5yP4YP9kg90YvtWimH7XS02AWoxYT2Es5l1ybeLDrHJfd05V0TpZ1plGaL1g.n_NnaSYvZnB9Ywo4g.ub_rYlsIYVAJkpgiqbpVHtJacpBct9ft3XgYz33IX_Xd_3Vn_B.N5a.s.WuBB2OJdio7Uq_ciJsLwBl2Kb2FIw3X296yDrd.s.pZ_10tikieIKtqDed_KICTC.i.mYnhkJl7Hitx9Y6HumnZa72h_158oacy1ofr.T5FaaMAkg6KICzYyEoJrUcUQ8MayzQEAfAY4ZN43DuhKnaZs38sY8i_W1U3FpLK6xxGE2SmfhfZWeU2..SorVckb5Fbsyulb0jrTZI1fUdw5SFMm9ZxlzylLEB7Kktq7GaZLFhyHNNzlhNr0gGIjDH_tEetUTtKf20462x6h8blrVcXjZ55e6t0FUyaB8Qg317sQOUWFNJNLYV6yVRTPLE0L3Z8e0qRO.ATs1DmWol5VJKhRWmKr7OqP6T0LBTN4RhqEoamp2J4YA.9MIoz2jyNaW89nwcDLb3Me8AayUD0nZIIrS9yVp3ddwxWjcPD3xLPrYcAr57J9Z4Gdx7Dcl9xc2tMJ2F3t60bmrBH4.IsUrmkHHyXVEM.XNtOo6piADNrC_qNQZM7cg_IritMXTKeYfJL9S.tT1FX14T.zZXV4gB08iAA4TpkbDrJ3CYf.K6uZCkWD9Z6RRrQU_diCOwZ3pnfmSHXMnkrOu7A_yMKCpHL2pdw6IOCvgKgIr1FgLke5CrGrmHY6Q9L5TXFLgraZ.XAlhgpX7gDsUtCpWqyXAz0DD5SyhEPjca4rkw0PY0hlQJy3YglouWHSzEwXup.A5QaXnzyO6X9trglSshpcMe7zfIBhsqeyZdHfmDMRULElq5BmMwuBRrrWMcR4_NZoyiUx4j7t1GJBjyFM9mP85U9kSx5V7t.X_cClKSOpL9urkrNFPR9Mm9.ay_ARiP8xVEcA1J_Ekz_HX8xoOEpVe6.B4sE_njZbBgMg6PeNm04fvH0xR4ROU9lIvLE8yZGIvxFxpiMiCy.lVhT4l8vyafVlWa4lHPofMLctaki28ETvPrA1UjYMxNLbSVrIMoRKDgwYf0bpYM9Gt3Hev8xsb6MTkTjIA9N1DyJZZgLfcAcg7yXZJD.6RUwZC8PV75vF4kHvTx8He5nZhcJb1x9MsIpzx3PZ1WjRP8thPeyJBOvQ.soUCVqJWeF0AsrzipNVEqgEeSwtdtqTu_22zaE4WTpHR72NZex9qzZW8qw8ZDuiB3Y8TdPeQWPJepSPYc4UqGFk10TGH9VNjZvQMf5NpW7CECMnzhOiz27tpf2FW.T6JMJAom6o0D5IdqMBUrbBAqpCBE_pWiXhQP8HlNUsQ8JOllle0omK.8tggwJNdi_MQSJda7b20YUbhodDZFhJ1swPbhMEI9hifuogrV9ZaDlcAvpZdRpFvKWHXaCBK8UI1rjXvRrAL75BQ6iOB.VRVbaLKjG3odhQ_S9sETZV0Sh.BaimLgpKBCakDcRE5z3A_wwAPaJ6FodcddaYVdvIT5slr.Iwt3aA8N_d7fwvYMUrjl8h73INuiBelMT.J1BL.orVj6AdvfA7Vd2pwbD8VPRmVcoL6_8sBizWLKw5KdB3W76_Jz.OlLwpMQ_cHBAcz0urdGTgtNDL65c2DUnI9lMasLizC_RIVNVxiiFkpHpK.EUI7sVM5_JoDknVXKCCK0iWXE08TPmRXIyeg_bVhjJ4TTwCBuMGop0w2FL_NAzrPxl7iH0tQqByiKy4ANJH6KK6t4DZE0fnHmUjURkNLroOH..pOq2K1tzctlsFDATmGyvCsKYFSMeYaSnGLtyYPqw6qlw_bsTVXrOe1iP6.WazmIV08mW1eW7wcXTcJoKZdoIwOsjH3UPaDETxsxbkm1FX215tknrqScuS2P6I9xOqt3YiSn.VdlBZoFFHv5kd9Wi_DjAdE5cG59bgE6u7LEYbuQPC6MHRUHAao_8a8x08r9maougNnz2QkhaA1EVDqf.eYuGJdS7kPAoYY.VHdGo.U"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=922660a13da69c63';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.2307\/1224436?__cf_chl_rt_tk=4A0jyArAFh2j6W8z9HlxywrMoPa8E0AA1RihOw_9OZs-1742318182-1.0.1.1-U8KarXI2CKkaV_WJII_xq.oJmtD0QQLloAOQC_.bUHg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>