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[{"id":111111566,"identifier":"Attachment_111111566","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":114404625,"created_at":"2024-02-02T18:24:26.054-08:00","from_world_paper_id":249252172,"updated_at":"2024-11-30T03:28:42.606-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Springer Science+Business Media","ai_title_tag":"Lava Flow Morphology and Volcanology in Koyna-Warna Region","grobid_abstract":"Flow mapping and physical volcanology of 15 basaltic lavas exposed in three critical road pass sections (ghats) in the Koyna-Warna region of the western Deccan Traps is presented in this paper. Transitional lavas like rubbly pahoehoe are most common morpho-type exposed in these ghat sections. Sinking of rubbly breccia into flow interiors and formation of brecciacored rosette are common in some lava flows. Few rubbly lavas exhibit slabby tendencies. The amount and nature of the associated rubble is variable and result from the mechanical fracturing and auto-brecciation of the upper vesicular crust in response to distinctive stages in the cooling, crystallization and emplacement history of individual lava flows. Occurrence of aa and pahoehoe morpho-types in the lava flow sequence is subordinate. Three prominent pahoehoe flows separated by red bole horizons are seen in the upper parts of the Kumbharli ghat. These are thick, P-type sheet pahoehoe. The pahoehoe lavas represent compound flow fields that grew by budding, endogenous lava transfer and inflation. Presence of pahoehoe lavas in the Koyna-Warna region hints at possible hitherto unrecorded southern extension of Bushe-like flow fields. This study reconfirms the existence of pahoehoe-slabby-rubbly-aa flow fields and transitions even in the upper echelons of the Deccan Trap stratigraphy. The study of morphology and internal structure of lava flows exposed at the ghat sections in the Koyna-Warna region could guide subsurface core-logging that is critical in deciphering the physical volcanology and emplacement dynamics of basaltic lava flows penetrated by drill holes sunk under the scientific deep drilling programme.","publication_date":"2017,12,1","publication_name":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"111111566"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Volcanology and lava flow morpho-types from the Koyna-Warna region, western Deccan Traps, India","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [20030334]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; 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The transitional flow lobes, largely identified as rubbly pahoehoe-type, are characterized by a crust of breccias, with thickness ranging from 10 to 20 m. The breccia is generally a welded one and consists of mm to m-size, angular to sub-angular basaltic clasts that vary in vesiculation (vesicle size, shape and population). The crust, at times, is supported by an inner vesicular zone coherently developed above a persistent core that varies in thickness from 10 to 15 m. Base of these lobes is smooth, sparsely vesicular, without any basal breccia. Many of the transitional lobes of Mesan Dongar, however, shared a few common morphological traits with slabby pahoehoe and this inherent uncertainty in classifying them as rubbly pahoehoe has been greatly reduced using the semi-quantitative tool of Keszthelyi (2002). Moreover, it is also proposed that this morphological evolution of flow lobes in Mesan Dongar represents a NW-SE trending, southerly propagating and at least four kilometre long flow-front of pahoehoe lava. Identification of flow fronts is important, even in this ~65 Ma old, dissected Deccan flood basalt province, as these can reveal vital information on flow dynamics, slope and cooling histories of individual flows/lobes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lava Flow Transition in Pa hoehoe-Dominated Lower Pile of Deccan Traps from Manmad-Chandwad Area, Western Maharashtra","attachmentId":52152954,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31863559/Lava_Flow_Transition_in_Pa_hoehoe_Dominated_Lower_Pile_of_Deccan_Traps_from_Manmad_Chandwad_Area_Western_Maharashtra","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31863559/Lava_Flow_Transition_in_Pa_hoehoe_Dominated_Lower_Pile_of_Deccan_Traps_from_Manmad_Chandwad_Area_Western_Maharashtra"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="82169376" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82169376/A_1251m_thick_Deccan_flood_basalt_pile_recovered_by_scientific_drilling_in_the_Koyna_region_western_India">A 1251m-thick Deccan flood basalt pile recovered by scientific drilling in the Koyna region, western India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2815589" href="https://ngri.academia.edu/SatrughnaMishra">Satrughna Mishra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of the Geological Society of India, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A 1251m-thick Deccan flood basalt pile recovered by scientific drilling in the Koyna region, western India","attachmentId":87961539,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82169376/A_1251m_thick_Deccan_flood_basalt_pile_recovered_by_scientific_drilling_in_the_Koyna_region_western_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82169376/A_1251m_thick_Deccan_flood_basalt_pile_recovered_by_scientific_drilling_in_the_Koyna_region_western_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="122972615" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122972615/P_type_pahoehoe_lava_in_the_eastern_parts_of_Sylhet_Traps_and_its_implication_on_PHFKDQLVP_RI_%C3%80RZ_HPSODFHPHQW">P-type pahoehoe lava in the eastern parts of Sylhet Traps and its implication on PHFKDQLVP RI ÀRZ HPSODFHPHQW</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11752271" href="https://gsi-in.academia.edu/BibhasSen">Bibhas Sen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Indian Journal of Geosciences, Volume 73, No. 1 January - March, 2019; pp. 67-74, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Sylhet Traps, the Cretaceous flood basalt province of the northeastern India, is exposed mainly in three narrow east–west outcrops in the southern fringe of Shillong Plateau, Meghalaya. It is held to be predominately made of basalt flows of a’a-type lava morphology. In this study, we report P-type pahoehoe morphology in a ~125 m thick basalt flow exposed in the eastern parts of Sylhet Traps near Sohbar, East Khasi Hills. We also detail on its internal architectural aspect and suggest that flow inflation was at least locally dominant mechanism of lava emplacement of Sylhet Traps.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"P-type pahoehoe lava in the eastern parts of Sylhet Traps and its implication on PHFKDQLVP RI ÀRZ HPSODFHPHQW","attachmentId":117518159,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122972615/P_type_pahoehoe_lava_in_the_eastern_parts_of_Sylhet_Traps_and_its_implication_on_PHFKDQLVP_RI_%C3%80RZ_HPSODFHPHQW","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122972615/P_type_pahoehoe_lava_in_the_eastern_parts_of_Sylhet_Traps_and_its_implication_on_PHFKDQLVP_RI_%C3%80RZ_HPSODFHPHQW"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="31008217" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31008217/Flow_Mapping_and_Correlations_of_the_Deccan_Basalt_Lava_Flows_North_East_Maharashtra_India">Flow Mapping and Correlations of the Deccan Basalt Lava Flows, North-East Maharashtra, India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="68700056" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ManishDeshmukh6">Dr. Manish S . Deshmukh</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="59085876" href="https://nitk.academia.edu/DrRajuAedla">EditorIJEE RajuAedla</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Flow mapping has been carried out with the help of five field traverses of Rajura-Indla area, Eastern part of Amravati district, Maharashtra, India. Rajura-Indla area comprises Chirodi hill ranges representing moderate hilly terrain and entirely covered by Deccan basalt lava flows. Flow mapping has been carried out to understand the field characteristics of individual flows, their thickness and possible correlations. Various flows are identified on the basis of difference in grain size, mineral content, presence of phenocrysts, physiographic breaks and presence of red bole horizons. Section maps for each traverses has been prepared on the basis of field characteristics. There are in all three lava flows exposed as mafic plagioclase microphyric basalt, plagioclase phyric basalt and plagioclase mafic microphyric basalt with different field characteristics. Flow correlation has been carried out by considering the logs of individual traverses. On the basis of present study coupled with existing palaeomagnetic data, exposed lava pile has been divided into two different formations with preparation of comprehensive geological map of the area.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Flow Mapping and Correlations of the Deccan Basalt Lava Flows, North-East Maharashtra, India","attachmentId":51441156,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31008217/Flow_Mapping_and_Correlations_of_the_Deccan_Basalt_Lava_Flows_North_East_Maharashtra_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31008217/Flow_Mapping_and_Correlations_of_the_Deccan_Basalt_Lava_Flows_North_East_Maharashtra_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="29877436" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29877436/Correlation_of_the_Deccan_and_Rajahmundry_Trap_lavas_Are_these_the_longest_and_largest_lava_flows_on_Earth">Correlation of the Deccan and Rajahmundry Trap lavas: Are these the longest and largest lava flows on Earth?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56727237" href="https://hull.academia.edu/MikeWiddowson">Mike Widdowson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Correlation of the Deccan and Rajahmundry Trap lavas: Are these the longest and largest lava flows on Earth?","attachmentId":50344524,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29877436/Correlation_of_the_Deccan_and_Rajahmundry_Trap_lavas_Are_these_the_longest_and_largest_lava_flows_on_Earth","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29877436/Correlation_of_the_Deccan_and_Rajahmundry_Trap_lavas_Are_these_the_longest_and_largest_lava_flows_on_Earth"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="65525755" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65525755/Various_Characteristics_of_Deccan_Lava_flow_sequences_identified_in_Core_Wireline_and_Seismic_in_Barmer_Basin">Various Characteristics of Deccan Lava flow sequences identified in Core, Wireline and Seismic in Barmer Basin</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="70789502" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PremanandMishra">Premanand Mishra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Hydrocarbon exploration in rift basin where volcanics is a common rock type has been a challenge due to its complex nature and style of emplacement within a sedimentary succession. Volcanic emplacement, its erosion, and subsequent burial give rise to complex lithology due to hydrothermal alteration and diagenesis which has led to the drilling of many unsuccessful wells both in exploration and development stage. On the other hand, there are documented examples where volcanics has proved to be a part of a working petroleum system providing migration pathways, reservoir and active top and lateral seal. One major challenge with identifying intra or sub volcanic plays in rift basin for hydrocarbon exploration is poor seismic imaging. Due to the scale (meters of tens of meters) of individual volcanic facies, it is rather impossible to delineate those units individually from the seismic data due to its resolution constraint. In this study, integrating available core data, wireline data and...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Various Characteristics of Deccan Lava flow sequences identified in Core, Wireline and Seismic in Barmer Basin","attachmentId":77082733,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65525755/Various_Characteristics_of_Deccan_Lava_flow_sequences_identified_in_Core_Wireline_and_Seismic_in_Barmer_Basin","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/65525755/Various_Characteristics_of_Deccan_Lava_flow_sequences_identified_in_Core_Wireline_and_Seismic_in_Barmer_Basin"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="80023902" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80023902/Nature_of_Flow_Patterns_of_Rajahmundry_Lava_Gowripatnam_Area_West_Godavari_India_Insights_from_AMS_Studies">Nature of Flow Patterns of Rajahmundry Lava, Gowripatnam Area, West Godavari, India:Insights from AMS Studies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35090017" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SupriyaMondal1">Supriya Mondal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Current Science, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nature of Flow Patterns of Rajahmundry Lava, Gowripatnam Area, West Godavari, India:Insights from AMS Studies","attachmentId":86543204,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80023902/Nature_of_Flow_Patterns_of_Rajahmundry_Lava_Gowripatnam_Area_West_Godavari_India_Insights_from_AMS_Studies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80023902/Nature_of_Flow_Patterns_of_Rajahmundry_Lava_Gowripatnam_Area_West_Godavari_India_Insights_from_AMS_Studies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="45104669" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45104669/Lithostratigraphy_of_Lava_Flows_at_Tumjai_Hill_Kolhapur_District_Maharashtra_India">Lithostratigraphy of Lava Flows at Tumjai Hill, Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2594470" href="https://independent.academia.edu/iosrjournals">IOSR Journals</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Deccan Traps are made up of basaltic lava flows of Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene age. These flows have been formed by fissure type of volcanoes. They form a part of plateau basalts of the Peninsular India. The flows are of 'aa' type. The study area Tumjai Hill falls in Kumbhi River Basin. The altitude ranges from 539 meters to 889 meters. The total thickness of Tumjai Hill lava flows is 350 meters. The lava flow mapping has been carried out in the study area and various flows are marked. There are seven lava flows in Tumjai Hill area. Each flow is composed of several sub units. The sub units are made up of jointed basalt, compact basalt, vesicular and amygdaloidal basalt, red bole and volcanic breccia. Rosette structure and spheroidal weathering are also seen. Columnar joints are present in the upper part of the hill. The volcanic breccia is formed at the top of the lava flows at some places. In which the angular rock fragments are mingled with lava. The patches of red bole mark the boundary of the successive lava flows at many places. The compact basalt is generally devoid of vesicles. In the study area the compact columnar jointing is found restricted to only some parts of the lava flows. In the study area the commonly observed feature of the flows is spheroidal weathering. The general trend of the flows is horizontal.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lithostratigraphy of Lava Flows at Tumjai Hill, Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India","attachmentId":65669068,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45104669/Lithostratigraphy_of_Lava_Flows_at_Tumjai_Hill_Kolhapur_District_Maharashtra_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45104669/Lithostratigraphy_of_Lava_Flows_at_Tumjai_Hill_Kolhapur_District_Maharashtra_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="31572693" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31572693/Breccia_cored_columnar_rosettes_in_a_rubbly_pahoehoe_lava_flow_Elephanta_Island_Deccan_Traps_and_a_model_for_their_origin">Breccia-cored columnar rosettes in a rubbly pahoehoe lava flow, Elephanta Island, Deccan Traps, and a model for their origin</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24572462" href="https://gsi-in.academia.edu/VanitPatel">Vanit Patel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Rubbly pahoehoe lava flows are abundant in many continental flood basalts including the Deccan Traps. However, structures with radial joint columns surrounding cores of flow-top breccia (FTB), reported from some Deccan rubbly pahoehoe flows, are yet unknown from other basaltic provinces. A previous study of these Deccan “breccia-cored columnar rosettes” ruled out explanations such as volcanic vents and lava tubes, and showed that the radial joint columns had grown outwards from cold FTB inclusions incorporated into the hot molten interiors. How the highly vesicular (thus low-density) FTB blocks might have sunk into the flow interiors has remained a puzzle. Here we describe a new example of a Deccan rubbly pahoehoe flow with FTB-cored rosettes, from Elephanta Island in the Mumbai harbor. Noting that (1) thick rubbly pahoehoe flows probably form by rapid inflation (involving many lava injections into a largely molten advancing flow), and (2) such flows are transitional to ‘a’a flows (which continuously shed their top clinker in front of them as they advance), we propose a model for the FTB-cored rosettes. We suggest that the Deccan flows under study were shedding some of their FTB in front of them as they advanced and, with high-eruption rate lava injection and inflation, frontal breakouts would incorporate this FTB rubble, with thickening of the flow carrying the rubble into the flow interior. This implies that, far from sinking into the molten interior, the FTB blocks may have been rising, until lava supply and inflation stopped, the flow began solidifying, and joint columns developed outward from each cold FTB inclusion as already inferred, forming the FTB-cored rosettes. Those rubbly pahoehoe flows which began recycling most of their FTB became the ‘a’a flows of the Deccan.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Breccia-cored columnar rosettes in a rubbly pahoehoe lava flow, Elephanta Island, Deccan Traps, and a model for their origin","attachmentId":51907150,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31572693/Breccia_cored_columnar_rosettes_in_a_rubbly_pahoehoe_lava_flow_Elephanta_Island_Deccan_Traps_and_a_model_for_their_origin","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31572693/Breccia_cored_columnar_rosettes_in_a_rubbly_pahoehoe_lava_flow_Elephanta_Island_Deccan_Traps_and_a_model_for_their_origin"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":111111566,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":111111566,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_111111566" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="17452234" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17452234/Morphology_of_rubbly_pahoehoe_simple_flows_from_the_Deccan_Volcanic_Province_Implications_for_style_of_emplacement">Morphology of rubbly pahoehoe (simple) flows from the Deccan Volcanic Province: Implications for style of emplacement</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20030334" href="https://unipune.academia.edu/RaymondDuraiswami">Raymond Duraiswami</a></div><p 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Vivek S Kale</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bulletin of volcanology, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Morphology and emplacement of flows from the Deccan volcanic province, India","attachmentId":31388667,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2201381/Morphology_and_emplacement_of_flows_from_the_Deccan_volcanic_province_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2201381/Morphology_and_emplacement_of_flows_from_the_Deccan_volcanic_province_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View 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