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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Whitburn_windmill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whitburn_windmill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Whitburn windmill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whitburn_windmill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whitburn_Bents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whitburn_Bents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Whitburn Bents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whitburn_Bents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whitburn_Coastal_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whitburn_Coastal_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Whitburn Coastal Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whitburn_Coastal_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shops,_amenities_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shops,_amenities_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Shops, amenities and recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shops,_amenities_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Whitburn, Tyne and Wear – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Whitburn, Tyne and Wear" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitburn_(Tyne_eta_Wear)" title="Whitburn (Tyne eta Wear) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Whitburn (Tyne eta Wear)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%88_%D9%88%D8%B1" title="وایتبرن، تاین و ور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وایتبرن، تاین و ور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitburn_(Anglia)" title="Whitburn (Anglia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Whitburn (Anglia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitburn_(Tyne_and_Wear)" title="Whitburn (Tyne and Wear) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Whitburn (Tyne and Wear)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitburn,_England" title="Whitburn, England – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Whitburn, England" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7994159#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="View the content page [c]" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&params=54.952_N_1.365_W_region:GB_type:city(7448)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°57′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°21′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.952°N 1.365°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.952; -1.365</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Village in South Tyneside, England.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Village in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Whitburn</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="category">Village</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitburn,_County_Durham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Whitburn%2C_County_Durham.jpg/240px-Whitburn%2C_County_Durham.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Whitburn%2C_County_Durham.jpg/360px-Whitburn%2C_County_Durham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Whitburn%2C_County_Durham.jpg/480px-Whitburn%2C_County_Durham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="382" /></a></span><div>Houses on Front Street, Whitburn</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyne_and_Wear_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Whitburn is located in Tyne and Wear"><img alt="Whitburn is located in Tyne and Wear" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tyne_and_Wear_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Tyne_and_Wear_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tyne_and_Wear_UK_location_map.svg/360px-Tyne_and_Wear_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tyne_and_Wear_UK_location_map.svg/480px-Tyne_and_Wear_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1252" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.516%;left:89.167%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Whitburn"><img alt="Whitburn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Whitburn</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">7,448 <sup id="cite_ref-a_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=54.950476~-1.364547&lvl=17&sp=Point.54.950476_-1.364547_Whitburn&sty=s&style=s">NZ 40798 61943</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Metropolitan borough</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Tyneside" title="South Tyneside">South Tyneside</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">SUNDERLAND</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SR_postcode_area" title="SR postcode area">SR6</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0191</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northumbria_Police" title="Northumbria Police">Northumbria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service">Tyne and Wear</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_East_Ambulance_Service" title="North East Ambulance Service">North East</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Shields_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Shields (UK Parliament constituency)">South Shields</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Tyne_and_Wear" title="List of places in Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&params=54.952_N_1.365_W_region:GB_type:city(7448)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°57′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°21′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.952°N 1.365°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.952; -1.365</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <b>Whitburn</b> is a village in <a href="/wiki/South_Tyneside" title="South Tyneside">South Tyneside</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">metropolitan county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a> on the coast of <a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East England</a>. It is located 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the city of <a href="/wiki/Sunderland" title="Sunderland">Sunderland</a> and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of the town of <a href="/wiki/South_Shields" title="South Shields">South Shields</a>. <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historically</a>, Whitburn is part of <a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">County Durham</a>. Other nearby population centres include <a href="/wiki/Seaburn" title="Seaburn">Seaburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleadon" title="Cleadon">Cleadon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marsden,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Marsden, Tyne and Wear">Marsden</a>. The village lies on a south-facing slope, part of <a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Magnesian_Limestone" title="Magnesian Limestone">Magnesian Limestone</a> plateau, which overlooks Sunderland. The population for the combined Whitburn and Marsden Ward in the <a href="/wiki/2011_UK_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 UK Census">2011 UK Census</a> was 7,448. For much of its history, Whitburn was a fishing and agricultural community. The village contains three schools, three churches, a cricket club, recreational grounds, a pub and a variety of shops. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first written instance of Whitburn is in the <a href="/wiki/Boldon_Book" title="Boldon Book">Boldon Book</a> of 1183, where the village is recorded as <i>Whitberne</i>. This name may refer to a stream or burn running through the village. Alternatively, the origin could come from <i>Hwita Byrgen</i>, or Hwita's <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">tumulus</a>, the place where the Saxon nobleman Hwita was buried. Other possible origins are <i>Kwit-Berne</i>, an Anglo-Saxon word for a <a href="/wiki/Tithe_barns_in_Europe" title="Tithe barns in Europe">tithe barn</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>hwīt + bere-ærn</i>, <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> for "white barn".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest evidence of human occupation in Whitburn dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic period</a> (8,000–4,500BC). Lumps of burnt daub have been discovered at Potter's Hole on the coast, probably from a timber structure. Archaeological deposits and Mesolithic flint scatters have been found at nearby sites, including <a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Monkwearmouth" title="St Peter's Church, Monkwearmouth">St Peter's Church, Monkwearmouth</a>. <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> flints have also been found in Whitburn. A Bronze Age <a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">cist</a> burial was uncovered in Wheatall Farm in 1929 which contained a 35-year-old person buried with an arrowhead, flints and limpets.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Bishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric">bishopric</a> of <a href="/wiki/Monkwearmouth" title="Monkwearmouth">Monkwearmouth</a> was founded in 674, the king gifted all of the royal estates east of <a href="/wiki/Dere_Street" title="Dere Street">Dere Street</a> and north of the <a href="/wiki/River_Wear" title="River Wear">River Wear</a> – which included Whitburn – to the Church. <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert" title="Cuthbert">Cuthbert</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_lindisfarne" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of lindisfarne">Bishop of Lindisfarne</a> at the time, was responsible for spreading Christianity throughout the North East.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitburn was located within an important centre of European learning and culture at this time, being situated between the monasteries of Jarrow and Monkwearmouth.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Part of the village to the south has been designated as an Area of Potential Archaeological Importance as it is the site of a medieval village.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, Whitburn was both a <a href="/wiki/Township_(England)" title="Township (England)">township</a> and a parish. Whitburn Parish included the townships of Whitburn and Cleadon.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 12th century, Whitburn appears to have been well-established as a two row green village (two rows of properties facing onto a linear green).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitburn had a tithe barn, a stone building which formed part of the village's <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal</a> system, situated off Church Lane until it was destroyed by a bomb in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitburn Parish Church (constructed in the 13th century) and Whitburn Hall (constructed in the 16th century) became the focal points of the village.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitburn_Parish_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460708.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Whitburn Parish Church, the oldest surviving building in the village, was constructed in the 13th century." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Whitburn_Parish_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460708.jpg/250px-Whitburn_Parish_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460708.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Whitburn_Parish_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460708.jpg/375px-Whitburn_Parish_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460708.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Whitburn_Parish_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460708.jpg/500px-Whitburn_Parish_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460708.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Whitburn Parish Church, the oldest surviving building in the village, was constructed in the 13th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>Whitburn is recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Boldon_Book" title="Boldon Book">Boldon Book</a> of 1183 as <i>Whitberne</i> and was listed alongside <a href="/wiki/Cleadon" title="Cleadon">Cleadon</a>. The combined land area of Cleadon and Whitburn was approximately 3,309 acres (5.2 sq mi), suggesting that the settlements were well-established by the time of the Boldon Book. The entry in the Boldon Book mentions a "John of Whitburn" who "holds 40 acres and 1 toft and returns 8s and goes on missions for the Bishop." The use of the word "cornage", an old form of taxation pre-dating the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon period">Anglo-Saxon period</a>, further suggests that Whitburn was among the oldest of settlements in the area. In 1183, Whitburn and <a href="/wiki/Boldon" class="mw-redirect" title="Boldon">Boldon</a> formed part of the bishop's estates and much of the surrounding land belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Prior_of_Durham" title="Prior of Durham">Prior of Durham Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 200 years after the Boldon Book, the Bishop of Durham (<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hatfield" title="Thomas Hatfield">Thomas Hatfield</a>) commissioned the Hatfield Survey. Cleadon and Whitburn are again listed together as a single parish with two townships. The survey also mentions Whitburn Windmill.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whitburn operated under a <a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">manorial</a> system until 1718 when the Land Enclosure Act came into force and a number of farms were created. Until the mid-late 19th century, Whitburn was a largely agricultural and fishing community. Throughout the 19th century, the population of Whitburn Parish grew from 675 in 1801 to 2,738 in 1891, largely driven by increased industrialisation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A contemporary description from 1834 describes the villages as having "a more sheltered and comfortable appearance than most places on the bare-eastern coast."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another description of the village from 1857 records it as having "a <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesleyan">Wesleyan</a> Methodist chapel, a post-office, a brewery, and three public houses."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1891 census reveals that Whitburn's population included wealthy industrialists, entrepreneurs, coalminers and fishermen. Detached villas and terraces were built along with two schools and the Wesleyan Chapel, which was replaced by the current <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> Church in 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Whitburn_Colliery" title="Whitburn Colliery">Whitburn Colliery</a> (also known as Marsden Colliery) opened in the 1840s, stimulating the local brick and iron industries and fulfilling the growing demand for coal.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1931, Whitburn Colliery produced over 18,000 tons of coal per week, serving the surrounding Marsden pit village. It closed on 1 June 1968 and the village was demolished.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1931 the parish of Whitburn had a population of 6,082.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 April 1936 the parish was abolished with most of the area, including the village itself, becoming part of <a href="/wiki/The_Boldons" title="The Boldons">Boldon Urban District</a> and a smaller part going to South Shields.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boldon Urban District was abolished in 1974 when the area was transferred from County Durham to Tyne and Wear. No <a href="/wiki/Successor_parish" title="Successor parish">successor parish</a> was created for the former urban district and so it became an <a href="/wiki/Unparished_area" title="Unparished area">unparished area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a> visited his cousin Margaret Wilcox while she lived in Whitburn, along with Lady Hedworth Williamson of Whitburn Hall (second cousin of <a href="/wiki/Alice_Liddell" title="Alice Liddell">Alice Liddell</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is popularly believed that Carroll wrote <i><a href="/wiki/The_Walrus_and_the_Carpenter" title="The Walrus and the Carpenter">The Walrus and the Carpenter</a></i> while holidaying in Whitburn.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitburn_War_Memorial_South_Tyneside_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1587320.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Picture of Whitburn War Memorial, located on the village green." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Whitburn_War_Memorial_South_Tyneside_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1587320.jpg/250px-Whitburn_War_Memorial_South_Tyneside_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1587320.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Whitburn_War_Memorial_South_Tyneside_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1587320.jpg/375px-Whitburn_War_Memorial_South_Tyneside_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1587320.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Whitburn_War_Memorial_South_Tyneside_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1587320.jpg/500px-Whitburn_War_Memorial_South_Tyneside_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1587320.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Whitburn War Memorial, located on the village green.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, Whitburn had primary shore and cliff defences. The stretch of east coastline from Sunderland to Whitburn was established by the 3rd Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Regiment" title="Cheshire Regiment">Cheshire Regiment</a>, and the stretch from Whitburn to the Tyne was established by the 3rd Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Durham_Light_Infantry" title="Durham Light Infantry">Durham Light Infantry</a>. In 1918, the <a href="/wiki/War_Office" title="War Office">War Office</a> report recorded a training ground at Marsden Farm in Whitburn. Prefabricated <a href="/wiki/Hutment" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutment">hutment</a> camps were also recorded in West Hall and South Bents Farm in Whitburn. Two rifle ranges from the time are still visible today in the village.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1921, a war memorial was erected on the village green.<sup id="cite_ref-WHCA,_2017:_28_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHCA,_2017:_28-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the coastline at Whitburn often came under attack from German bombing raids. On one occasion on 9 August 1940, a <a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_111" title="Heinkel He 111">Heinkel He 111H-E</a> crashed into the sea after dropping bombs on Sunderland. The German airmen all survived and were rescued from the water.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cottages at Whitburn Bents were also badly damaged during heavy bombing in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitburn had a few wartime defences. A bombing decoy, known as a <a href="/wiki/Starfish_site" title="Starfish site">starfish site</a>, was built at Wellands Farm near Whitburn. It was designed to look like a city on fire in order to confuse bombers travelling to the Tyne and Sunderland docks.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_batteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aircraft batteries">heavy anti-aircraft battery</a> was installed at Lizard Lane in 1940, and Whitburn windmill was used by observer corps as an observation post to warn of oncoming enemies at sea.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the 20th century, there was much residential development in Whitburn largely to the north and east of the village's historic core. This led to the village's function as a <a href="/wiki/Commuter_town" title="Commuter town">commuter settlement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 2em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><b>Whitburn and Marsden Ward compared (2011)</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><b>Whitburn and Marsden Ward</b><sup id="cite_ref-:62_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/South_Tyneside" title="South Tyneside">South Tyneside</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-:7_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-:8_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total population </td> <td>7,448 </td> <td>148,127 </td> <td>53,012,456 </td></tr> <tr> <td>White </td> <td>97.9% </td> <td>95.9% </td> <td>85.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>BME </td> <td>2.1% </td> <td>4.1% </td> <td>14.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aged 0–19 </td> <td>21.5% </td> <td>22.6% </td> <td>24% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aged 65+ </td> <td>21.9% </td> <td>18.1% </td> <td>16.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Male </td> <td>47.7% </td> <td>48.3% </td> <td>49.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Female </td> <td>52.3% </td> <td>51.7% </td> <td>50.8% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At the time of the <a href="/wiki/2001_UK_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 UK Census">2001 UK Census</a>, Whitburn had a population of 5,235.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2011 UK Census, the Whitburn and Marsden Ward had 7,448 usual residents. The average age of the residents was 43.6, slightly above the average for South Tyneside. The vast majority (97.9%) of residents identified as white and 97.5% were born in the UK. The largest religious group was <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (75.2% of residents). The majority of residents (58.2%) were in employment, with wholesale and retail trade and health and social work activities being the most common industries for the area. The most common occupation was 'Professional' (16.2%).<sup id="cite_ref-:62_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the UK national parliament, Whitburn is part of the <a href="/wiki/South_Shields_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Shields (UK Parliament constituency)">South Shields constituency</a>. Until the <a href="/wiki/2010_UK_General_Election" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 UK General Election">2010 UK General Election</a>, Whitburn was part of the <a href="/wiki/Jarrow_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Jarrow (UK Parliament constituency)">Jarrow constituency</a>. Boundary changes caused the village to move into the South Shields constituency prior to the election.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2022, <a href="/wiki/Emma_Lewell-Buck" title="Emma Lewell-Buck">Emma Lewell-Buck</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a>) his the local <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MP</a> and has been since May 2013. In the <a href="/wiki/2019_General_Election_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 General Election (UK)">2019 General Election</a>, Lewell-Buck won with a 9,585 vote majority.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Council_ward" class="mw-redirect" title="Council ward">ward</a> of Whitburn and Marsden is represented by local councillors Peter Boyack, Tracey Dixon, and Joyce Welsh (all Labour).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whitburn has retained its village character, with its main street, parish church, cricket ground and park with bowling greens and tennis courts. The street plan of the medieval core of the village largely remains today and can be seen in the layout of Front Street.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 350px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 350px; height: 350px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="350" data-height="350" data-zoom="13" data-lat="54.957" data-lon="-1.36601" data-overlays="["_cfe3fce35596cdaccf9ad449b1aef619123145d9"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/13/54.957/-1.36601/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,54.957,-1.36601,350x350.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Whitburn%2C_Tyne_and_Wear&revid=1248424295&groups=_cfe3fce35596cdaccf9ad449b1aef619123145d9" width="350" height="350" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,54.957,-1.36601,350x350@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Whitburn%2C_Tyne_and_Wear&revid=1248424295&groups=_cfe3fce35596cdaccf9ad449b1aef619123145d9 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="thumbcaption">Map of key features in Whitburn</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whitburn_windmill">Whitburn windmill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Whitburn windmill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitburn_Mill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Whitburn_Mill.jpg/187px-Whitburn_Mill.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Whitburn_Mill.jpg/281px-Whitburn_Mill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Whitburn_Mill.jpg/375px-Whitburn_Mill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Whitburn windmill, looking out to sea.</figcaption></figure> <p>Whitburn windmill, dating from the 18th century, is a <a href="/wiki/Grade_2_listed" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade 2 listed">Grade 2 listed</a> building and a local landmark. It is located to the north of the village.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the oldest surviving of local stone tower mills. The original windmill was a wooden <a href="/wiki/Post_mill" title="Post mill">post mill</a> which is recorded in a 1779 coastal shipping survey. The original mill blew down in a storm and was replaced by the current limestone magnesian structure in around 1796. The windmill would have ground corn from local farms which was then used to make bread. Towards the end of the 19th century, however, steam-powered mills grew in prominence and Whitburn mill eventually ceased operation in 1896. <a href="/wiki/South_Tyneside_Council" title="South Tyneside Council">South Tyneside Council</a> took over ownership of the windmill in 1960, and in 1991–1992, they undertook a restoration project of the mill for which it was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Civic_Trust_Awards" title="Civic Trust Awards">Civic Trust</a> Award.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whitburn_Bents">Whitburn Bents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Whitburn Bents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitburn_Bents_Road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Picture of cottages at Whitburn Bents." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Whitburn_Bents_Road.jpg/250px-Whitburn_Bents_Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Whitburn_Bents_Road.jpg/375px-Whitburn_Bents_Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Whitburn_Bents_Road.jpg/500px-Whitburn_Bents_Road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Cottages at Whitburn Bents.</figcaption></figure> <p>Whitburn Bents is an area located on the coastline to the south of the village. It features a small arch of early 20th century cottages on the site of a former fisherman's cottage and an 18th century farmstead. The land was formerly a fishing hamlet.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "Bents" is derived from the coarse grass (<a href="/wiki/Agrostis" title="Agrostis">agrostis, or bentgrass</a>) that can be found in the local coastal area. Whitburn Bents and Whitburn Village were historically recognised as two separate communities, largely due to the difference in the inhabitants' occupations; by the 19th century, Bents was a farming and fishing community, whereas residents of Whitburn Village had a more diverse range of occupations including industrialists and coalminers.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1938, Sir Hedworth Williamson demolished the cottages at Bents and rebuilt them in a manner which resembles their current crescent form. These buildings were badly damaged by bombing during the Second World War. After the Second World War, the cottages were rebuilt with their original design largely retained.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>South Bents Farm, originally established in the 18th century, remained in use until the 1960s. South Bents Farmhouse, located to the south of the concave of cottages, is a Grade 2 listed building.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the evidence of early farming activities has been lost due to modern developments,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whitburn_Coastal_Park">Whitburn Coastal Park</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Whitburn Coastal Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> To the north of the village, near <a href="/wiki/Marsden,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Marsden, Tyne and Wear">Marsden village</a>, is Whitburn Coastal Park. It is situated on the site of the former Whitburn Colliery and consists of a range of grassland, woodland and scrub habitats.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is cared for by the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Places_of_Historic_Interest_or_Natural_Beauty" class="mw-redirect" title="National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty">National Trust</a>. The area was designated as a <a href="/wiki/Local_nature_reserve" title="Local nature reserve">Local Nature Reserve</a> in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This recreation area is a popular haunt for birdwatchers. The coastline from Trow Point to Whitburn is an <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">International</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Area" title="Special Protection Area">European</a> Wildlife Site. The birds that visit each winter arrive in internationally significant numbers, including <a href="/wiki/Purple_sandpiper" title="Purple sandpiper">purple sandpiper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turnstone" title="Turnstone">turnstone</a> which arrive from <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sanderling" title="Sanderling">Sanderling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ringed_Plover" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringed Plover">ringed plover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_redshank" title="Common redshank">redshank</a> also appear on the coastline here in nationally significant numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Seals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">dolphins</a> have also been spotted on the coastline.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitburn_Coastal_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Whitburn Coastal Park."><img alt="Picture of the view from Whitburn Coastal Park." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Whitburn_Coastal_Park.jpg/250px-Whitburn_Coastal_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Whitburn_Coastal_Park.jpg/375px-Whitburn_Coastal_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Whitburn_Coastal_Park.jpg/500px-Whitburn_Coastal_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Whitburn Coastal Park.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gull_resting_on_the_cliffs_between_Whitburn_and_Marsden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gull resting on the cliffs between Whitburn and Marsden"><img alt="Picture of a gull resting on the cliffs between Whitburn and Marsden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gull_resting_on_the_cliffs_between_Whitburn_and_Marsden.jpg/250px-Gull_resting_on_the_cliffs_between_Whitburn_and_Marsden.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gull_resting_on_the_cliffs_between_Whitburn_and_Marsden.jpg/375px-Gull_resting_on_the_cliffs_between_Whitburn_and_Marsden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gull_resting_on_the_cliffs_between_Whitburn_and_Marsden.jpg/500px-Gull_resting_on_the_cliffs_between_Whitburn_and_Marsden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2439" data-file-height="1839" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gull resting on the cliffs between Whitburn and Marsden</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Information_board_in_Whitburn_Coastal_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2870065.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Information board in Whitburn Coastal Park."><img alt="Picture of an information board in Whitburn Coastal Park." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Information_board_in_Whitburn_Coastal_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2870065.jpg/250px-Information_board_in_Whitburn_Coastal_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2870065.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Information_board_in_Whitburn_Coastal_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2870065.jpg/375px-Information_board_in_Whitburn_Coastal_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2870065.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Information_board_in_Whitburn_Coastal_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2870065.jpg/500px-Information_board_in_Whitburn_Coastal_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2870065.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Information board in Whitburn Coastal Park.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shops,_amenities_and_recreation"><span id="Shops.2C_amenities_and_recreation"></span>Shops, amenities and recreation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Shops, amenities and recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Street_in_Whitburn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2856869.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="View from East Street near the centre of Whitburn, approaching the village shops." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/East_Street_in_Whitburn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2856869.jpg/250px-East_Street_in_Whitburn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2856869.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/East_Street_in_Whitburn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2856869.jpg/375px-East_Street_in_Whitburn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2856869.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/East_Street_in_Whitburn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2856869.jpg/500px-East_Street_in_Whitburn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2856869.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption>East Street near the centre of Whitburn, approaching the village shops.</figcaption></figure> <p>Whitburn contains shops which include convenience stores, a butchers, an ice-cream parlour, an antiques store and pubs.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, a recreational ground was gifted to the village in 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, Cornthwaite Park to the south of the village is Whitburn's primary recreational space. The Park, named after a local councillor, was constructed in the 1960s and was built on open land previously known as Church Fields. It contains flower beds, ornamental tree planting, a children's play area, a bowling green, and tennis courts.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitburn Cricket Club was established in 1862 in the grounds of Whitburn Hall. The club still survives today, located on East Street to the north of Cornthwaite Park.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another local sports club, Whitburn Golf Club, is located to the east of <a href="/wiki/Cleadon#Cleadon_Hills" title="Cleadon">Cleadon Hills</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The village's first school was built in 1824 and a second was built in 1856.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, there are three schools in Whitburn: Whitburn Village Primary School, Marsden Primary School and <a href="/wiki/Whitburn_Church_of_England_Academy" title="Whitburn Church of England Academy">Whitburn Church of England Academy</a> (formerly Whitburn Comprehensive School). The schools' latest Ofsted inspections records all three as being "Good".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="display:inline-table"> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="height: 14em; font-size: 90%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5"><b>Whitburn Village Primary School and Marsden Primary School performance at end of <a href="/wiki/Key_Stage_2" title="Key Stage 2">Key Stage 2</a> (2019)</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="max-width:4em; height:6em"> </th> <th style="max-width:4em; height:6em"><b>Whitburn Village Primary School</b> <sup id="cite_ref-:9_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="max-width:4em"><b>Marsden Primary School</b><sup id="cite_ref-:9_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="max-width:4em; height:6em"><b>Local authority</b><sup id="cite_ref-b_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>average</b><sup id="cite_ref-:10_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="max-width:4em; height:6em"><b>England average</b><sup id="cite_ref-:10_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="max-width:4em; height:6em">% of pupils meeting expected standard </th> <td>63 </td> <td>72 </td> <td>66 </td> <td>65 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="max-width:4em; height:6em">% of pupils achieving at a higher standard </th> <td>6 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>11<br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="display:inline-table"> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="height: 14em; font-size: 90%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><b>Whitburn Church of England Academy performance at end of <a href="/wiki/Key_Stage_4" title="Key Stage 4">Key Stage 4</a> (2019)</b><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="max-width:4em; height:6em"> </th> <th style="max-width:4em; height:6em"><b>Whitburn C of E Academy</b> </th> <th style="max-width:4em; height:6em"><b>Local authority<sup id="cite_ref-b_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> average</b> </th> <th style="max-width:4em; height:6em"><b>England average</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="max-width:4em; height:6em">% of pupils with Grade 5 or above in English & maths <a href="/wiki/GCSE" title="GCSE">GCSE</a> </th> <td>50 </td> <td>34 </td> <td>43 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="max-width:4em; height:6em">% of pupils staying in education or entering employment </th> <td>97 </td> <td>92 </td> <td>94 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="max-width:4em; height:6em">Attainment 8 score<sup id="cite_ref-c_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>52.5 </td> <td>42.6 </td> <td>46.7 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whitburn has three churches: Whitburn Parish Church, St Vincent's Catholic Church and Whitburn Methodist Church.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitburn Parish Church is a Grade 2 listed building and is the oldest surviving building in the village.<sup id="cite_ref-WHCA,_2017:_28_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHCA,_2017:_28-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Little is known of the church's history and there is no record of its dedication. However, there is evidence that it dates from the 13th century. The top of the tower was added in the 15th century, and the church was restored by Newcastle architects Austin & Johnson in 1867-8. Following the attack of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a> on England in 1588, two Spanish galleons ran aground on Whitburn Rocks and it is thought that two bells from one of the galleons were placed in Whitburn Church when it was restored.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until All Saints' Church in Cleadon was built in 1869, the residents of Cleadon used Whitburn Parish Church as their place of worship.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The church contains an effigy tomb dating from 1689 which contains the bodies of Michael and Isobel Matthew – a couple from the Matthew family of Cleadon who originally built the historic building of Cleadon Tower. The tomb is a testimony to the family's wealth and significance. Michael Matthew is represented on the tomb as an elderly gentleman lying down, his head on a pillow, and holding a book with the inscription <i>shall not lye here but rise</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saint Vincent's Catholic Church is a small church built in the 1950s located on Mill Lane at the corner of Poplar Drive.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p><p> Whitburn Methodist Church is located on the corner of Lizard Lane. It was constructed in 1881 to replace the original Wesleyan Chapel. Wesleyan influence entered the area when <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a> visited Sunderland and Cleadon in the mid-18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitburn_Parish_Church,_Interior_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460729.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior of Whitburn Parish Church."><img alt="Picture of the interior of Whitburn Parish Church." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Whitburn_Parish_Church%2C_Interior_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460729.jpg/250px-Whitburn_Parish_Church%2C_Interior_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460729.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Whitburn_Parish_Church%2C_Interior_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460729.jpg/375px-Whitburn_Parish_Church%2C_Interior_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460729.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Whitburn_Parish_Church%2C_Interior_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460729.jpg/500px-Whitburn_Parish_Church%2C_Interior_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460729.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior of Whitburn Parish Church.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitburn_Parish_Church,_Spire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460726.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spire of Whitburn Parish Church."><img alt="Picture of the spire of Whitburn Parish Church." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Whitburn_Parish_Church%2C_Spire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460726.jpg/187px-Whitburn_Parish_Church%2C_Spire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460726.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Whitburn_Parish_Church%2C_Spire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460726.jpg/281px-Whitburn_Parish_Church%2C_Spire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460726.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Whitburn_Parish_Church%2C_Spire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460726.jpg/375px-Whitburn_Parish_Church%2C_Spire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2460726.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spire of Whitburn Parish Church.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitburn_Methodist_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2459237.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exterior of Whitburn Methodist Church."><img alt="Picture of the exterior of Whitburn Methodist Church." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Whitburn_Methodist_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2459237.jpg/250px-Whitburn_Methodist_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2459237.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Whitburn_Methodist_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2459237.jpg/375px-Whitburn_Methodist_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2459237.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Whitburn_Methodist_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2459237.jpg/500px-Whitburn_Methodist_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2459237.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exterior of Whitburn Methodist Church.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitburn_Stagecoach_bus_on_Mill_Lane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Picture of a bus on Mill Lane to the north of Whitburn." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Whitburn_Stagecoach_bus_on_Mill_Lane.jpg/250px-Whitburn_Stagecoach_bus_on_Mill_Lane.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Whitburn_Stagecoach_bus_on_Mill_Lane.jpg/375px-Whitburn_Stagecoach_bus_on_Mill_Lane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Whitburn_Stagecoach_bus_on_Mill_Lane.jpg/500px-Whitburn_Stagecoach_bus_on_Mill_Lane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Bus on Mill Lane to the north of Whitburn.</figcaption></figure> <p>Whitburn lies on the <a href="/wiki/A183_road_(England)" title="A183 road (England)">A183</a> which connects Sunderland to South Shields. Whitburn was historically quite an isolated settlement; a road connecting the Bents to Sunderland was constructed in 1865, and only in 1929 was the north-south route (now the A183) completed.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1920s, a regular bus route operated on this road running from Sunderland to South Shields.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, low connectivity to and from the village has continued into the 21st century. Only a few roads connect Whitburn to surrounding population centres (the A183 to South Shields, Roker and Sunderland, and the <a href="/wiki/B_roads_in_Zone_1_of_the_Great_Britain_numbering_scheme" title="B roads in Zone 1 of the Great Britain numbering scheme">B1299</a> to <a href="/wiki/East_Boldon" class="mw-redirect" title="East Boldon">East Boldon</a>). No railway lines enter Whitburn and so the area is not directly served by the <a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear_Metro" title="Tyne and Wear Metro">Tyne and Wear Metro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nearest Metro stations are <a href="/wiki/East_Boldon_Metro_station" title="East Boldon Metro station">East Boldon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seaburn_Metro_station" title="Seaburn Metro station">Seaburn</a>. The area is served by the <a href="/wiki/Go_North_East" title="Go North East">Go North East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_North_East" title="Stagecoach North East">Stagecoach North East</a> bus operators.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Elliot_Harrison" title="Thomas Elliot Harrison">Thomas Elliot Harrison</a> – engineer. Lived and died in Whitburn.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Seed" title="Jimmy Seed">Jimmy Seed</a> – footballer, striker for <a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tottenham Hotspur">Tottenham Hotspur</a> where he won the FA Cup in 1921. Brought up in Whitburn.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Young_(footballer,_born_1895)" title="Jack Young (footballer, born 1895)">Jack Young</a> and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Henderson_(footballer)" title="Billy Henderson (footballer)">Billy Henderson</a> (footballers) – both full-backs played for <a href="/wiki/West_Ham_United_F.C." title="West Ham United F.C.">West Ham United</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1923_FA_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="1923 FA Cup Final">1923 FA Cup Final</a>. Born in Whitburn.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Smith_(footballer,_born_1898)" title="Jack Smith (footballer, born 1898)">Jack Smith</a> – footballer for <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Football_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Portsmouth Football Club">Portsmouth Football Club</a>. Born in Whitburn.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Weddle" title="Jack Weddle">Jack Weddle</a> – footballer, striker for Portsmouth and <a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Rovers_F.C." title="Blackburn Rovers F.C.">Blackburn Rovers</a>. Lived in Whitburn.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sep_Smith" title="Sep Smith">Sep Smith</a> – footballer, player for <a href="/wiki/Leicester_City_F.C." title="Leicester City F.C.">Leicester City F.C.</a> Born in Whitburn.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Robinson_(English_footballer)" title="Bill Robinson (English footballer)">Bill Robinson</a> – footballer, striker for <a href="/wiki/Sunderland_A.F.C." title="Sunderland A.F.C.">Sunderland</a>, member of <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Athletic_F.C." title="Charlton Athletic F.C.">Charlton Athletic's</a> <a href="/wiki/FA_Cup_Final_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="FA Cup Final 1947">1947 FA Cup</a>-winning side, and <a href="/wiki/West_Ham_United_F.C." title="West Ham United F.C.">West Ham United</a>. Born in Whitburn.<sup id="cite_ref-theyflysohigh_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theyflysohigh-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Clelland" title="Dave Clelland">Dave Clelland</a> – Scottish footballer. Died in Whitburn aged 80.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Elliott" title="Julie Elliott">Julie Elliott</a> – Labour Party MP for <a href="/wiki/Sunderland_Central_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Sunderland Central (UK Parliament constituency)">Sunderland Central</a>. Born in Whitburn.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadine_Shah" title="Nadine Shah">Nadine Shah</a> – musician. Grew up in Whitburn.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2011. South Tyneside ward of Whitburn and Marsden</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">South Tyneside Council</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-c_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Attainment 8 score is calculated by adding together a student's highest scores across eight government-approved qualifications.</span> </li> </ol></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">WCA, 2006: 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mills, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, Middleton & Dunn, 2015: 78-83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young et al., 2015: 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">WCA, 2006: 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WCA, 2006: 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young et al., 2015: 96-97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">WHCA, 2017: 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WCA, 2006: 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">WBCA, 2007: 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young et al., 2015: 94-96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young et al., 2015: 108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young et al., 2015: 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mackenzie & Ross, 1834: 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fordyce, 1857: 733</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">WCA, 2006: 6-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young et al., 2015: 152, 188</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young et al., 2015: 190</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10169690/cube/TOT_POP">"Population statistics Whitburn AP/CP through time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/A_Vision_of_Britain_through_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="A Vision of Britain through Time">A Vision of Britain through Time</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+statistics+Whitburn+AP%2FCP+through+time&rft.pub=A+Vision+of+Britain+through+Time&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisionofbritain.org.uk%2Funit%2F10169690%2Fcube%2FTOT_POP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10169690">"Relationships and changes Whitburn AP/CP through time"</a>. A Vision of Britain through Time<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Relationships+and+changes+Whitburn+AP%2FCP+through+time&rft.pub=A+Vision+of+Britain+through+Time&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisionofbritain.org.uk%2Funit%2F10169690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WHCA, 2017: 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/wear/content/articles/2005/06/29/coast05walks_stage7_walk.shtml">"Point 7 - The Carroll connection"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>. 5 July 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Point+7+-+The+Carroll+connection&rft.date=2005-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fwear%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2005%2F06%2F29%2Fcoast05walks_stage7_walk.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young et al., 2015: 223-230</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHCA,_2017:_28-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WHCA,_2017:_28_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHCA,_2017:_28_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">WHCA, 2017: 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/wear/content/articles/2005/06/29/coast05walks_stage5_walk.shtml">"Point 5 - The Whitburn bomber"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>. 5 July 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Point+5+-+The+Whitburn+bomber&rft.date=2005-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fwear%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2005%2F06%2F29%2Fcoast05walks_stage5_walk.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">WBCA, 2007: 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young et al., 2015: 240</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southtyneside.gov.uk/media/22695/Miller-s-Trail/pdf/8627_Millers_trail_FINAL_for_Website_June_2014.pdf?m=635527026681470000">"Millers Trail. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Millers+Trail.+An+eight+mile+walk+linking+the+three+windmills+of+Whitburn%2C+Cleadon+and+Fulwell.&rft.pub=South+Tyneside+Council&rft.date=2014-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southtyneside.gov.uk%2Fmedia%2F22695%2FMiller-s-Trail%2Fpdf%2F8627_Millers_trail_FINAL_for_Website_June_2014.pdf%3Fm%3D635527026681470000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WHCA, 2017: 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:62-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:62_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:62_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/localarea?compare=E05001151">"Whitburn and Marsden Ward (as of 2011). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Parliament&rft.atitle=Mrs+Emma+Lewell-Buck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmembers.parliament.uk%2Fmember%2F4277%2Felectionresult&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southtyneside.gov.uk/article/60211/List-of-councillors-by-ward?formid=147775&pageSessionId=35658613-e875-4957-8e92-0cb3b539472c&fsn=3dbb3782-9fe0-4a94-9bf1-05497ad97719">"List of councillors by ward"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/South_Tyneside_Council" title="South Tyneside Council">South Tyneside Council</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Trust&rft.atitle=Exploring+Souter+Lighthouse+and+The+Leas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationaltrust.org.uk%2Fsouter-lighthouse-and-the-leas%2Ffeatures%2Fexploring-souter-lighthouse-and-the-leas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southtyneside.gov.uk/media/6952/The-coast-Lizard-point-to-Whitburn/pdf/The_coast_-_Lizard_point_to_Whitburn.pdf?m=634805471315300000">"The coast - Lizard point to Whitburn"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/South_Tyneside_Council" title="South Tyneside Council">South Tyneside Council</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shields+Gazette&rft.atitle=Dolphins+pictured+splashing+along+Whitburn+coast+as+region+is+set+for+more+sightings+from+April&rft.date=2021-03-10&rft.aulast=Bilalova&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shieldsgazette.com%2Fnews%2Fenvironment%2Fdolphins-pictured-splashing-along-whitburn-coast-as-region-is-set-for-more-sightings-from-april-3161627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilalova2022" class="citation news cs1">Bilalova, Pamela (23 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sunderlandecho.com/news/environment/schoolgirl-watches-over-stranded-seal-pup-at-whitburn-3538477">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'She stood like a little guardian' - Schoolgirl watches over stranded seal pup at Whitburn"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sunderland_Echo" title="Sunderland Echo">Sunderland Echo</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sunderland+Echo&rft.atitle=%27She+stood+like+a+little+guardian%27+-+Schoolgirl+watches+over+stranded+seal+pup+at+Whitburn&rft.date=2022-01-23&rft.aulast=Bilalova&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunderlandecho.com%2Fnews%2Fenvironment%2Fschoolgirl-watches-over-stranded-seal-pup-at-whitburn-3538477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitsouthtyneside.co.uk/article/63027/Towns-villages">"Towns & villages"</a>. <i>Visit South Tyneside</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+South+Tyneside&rft.atitle=Towns+%26+villages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitsouthtyneside.co.uk%2Farticle%2F63027%2FTowns-villages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WCA, 2006: 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WHCA, 2017: 32-33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whitburn.play-cricket.com/home">"Welcome to Whitburn CC"</a>. <i>Play-Cricket.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Play-Cricket.com&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+Whitburn+CC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhitburn.play-cricket.com%2Fhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whitburngolfclub.co.uk/">"Whitburn golf club"</a>. <i>Whitburn Golf Club</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whitburn+Golf+Club&rft.atitle=Whitburn+golf+club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhitburngolfclub.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WCA, 2006: 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/21/131917">"Whitburn Village Primary School"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ofsted" title="Ofsted">Ofsted</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ofsted&rft.atitle=Whitburn+Village+Primary+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freports.ofsted.gov.uk%2Fprovider%2F21%2F131917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/21/108687">"Marsden Primary School"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ofsted" title="Ofsted">Ofsted</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ofsted&rft.atitle=Marsden+Primary+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freports.ofsted.gov.uk%2Fprovider%2F21%2F108687&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/23/136386">"Whitburn Church of England Academy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ofsted" title="Ofsted">Ofsted</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ofsted&rft.atitle=Whitburn+Church+of+England+Academy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freports.ofsted.gov.uk%2Fprovider%2F23%2F136386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk/schools-by-type?step=default&table=schools&region=393&geographic=la&for=primary">"All schools and colleges in South Tyneside"</a>. <i>Compare School Performance Service</i>. <a href="/wiki/Gov.uk" title="Gov.uk">Gov.uk</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Compare+School+Performance+Service&rft.atitle=All+schools+and+colleges+in+South+Tyneside&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk%2Fschools-by-type%3Fstep%3Ddefault%26table%3Dschools%26region%3D393%26geographic%3Dla%26for%3Dprimary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk/school/108687/marsden-primary-school/primary">"Marsden Primary School"</a>. <i>Compare School Performance Service</i>. <a href="/wiki/Gov.uk" title="Gov.uk">Gov.uk</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Compare+School+Performance+Service&rft.atitle=Marsden+Primary+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk%2Fschool%2F108687%2Fmarsden-primary-school%2Fprimary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk/school/136386/whitburn-church-of-england-academy/secondary">"Whitburn Church of England Academy"</a>. <i>Compare School Performance Service</i>. <a href="/wiki/Gov.uk" title="Gov.uk">Gov.uk</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Compare+School+Performance+Service&rft.atitle=Whitburn+Church+of+England+Academy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk%2Fschool%2F136386%2Fwhitburn-church-of-england-academy%2Fsecondary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taking-stock.org.uk/building/whitburn-mill-lane-st-vincent/">"Whitburn – St Vincent"</a>. <i>Taking Stock</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taking+Stock&rft.atitle=Whitburn+%E2%80%93+St+Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaking-stock.org.uk%2Fbuilding%2Fwhitburn-mill-lane-st-vincent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WCA, 2006: 29-30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limestonelandscapes.info/media/12399/Cleadon-Atlas-Summary/pdf/CleadonAtlasMini.pdf">The Cleadon Village Atlas Mini</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Cleadon+Village+Atlas+Mini&rft.date=2015-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.limestonelandscapes.info%2Fmedia%2F12399%2FCleadon-Atlas-Summary%2Fpdf%2FCleadonAtlasMini.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young et al., 2015: 114-115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WCA, 2006: 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WCA, 2006: 4-5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WCA, 2006: 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WHCA, 2017: 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gonortheast.co.uk/services">"Timetables & maps"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Go_North_East" title="Go North East">Go North East</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Institute of Civil Engineers: 301–313. 1888. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1680%2Fimotp.1888.20897">10.1680/imotp.1888.20897</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Minutes+of+the+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Obituary.+Thomas+Elliot+Harrison%2C+1808%E2%80%931888&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1888&rft.pages=301-313&rft.date=1888&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1680%2Fimotp.1888.20897&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icevirtuallibrary.com%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F10.1680%2Fimotp.1888.20897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.englandfootballonline.com/TeamPlyrsBios/PlayersS/BioSeedJM.html">"England Football Online"</a>. <i>England Football Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Northern+Echo&rft.atitle=The+Smiths+remember+big+day+at+Wembley&rft.date=2008-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenorthernecho.co.uk%2Fsport%2Fcolumnists%2Fbacktrack%2Fbacktrack%2F2225628.smiths-remember-big-day-wembley%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson2013" class="citation web cs1">Hutchinson, John (28 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lcfc.com/news/428742">"TWIH: Sep Smith's Debut"</a>. Leicester City F.C<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theyflysohigh.co.uk&rft.atitle=Bill+Robinson+%281919%E2%80%931992%29&rft.aulast=Hillier&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheyflysohigh.co.uk%2Fbill-robinson%2F4576040026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://barryhugmansfootballers.com/player/3644">"Dave Clelland"</a>. <i>Barry Hugman's Footballers</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barry+Hugman%27s+Footballers&rft.atitle=Dave+Clelland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbarryhugmansfootballers.com%2Fplayer%2F3644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.julie4sunderland.co.uk/about-julie/">"About Julie"</a>. <i>Julie4sunderland.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nadine+Shah%3A+%27I+was+determined+for+people+to+hear+I+was+Pakistani%27&rft.date=2015-04-30&rft.aulast=Gibsone&rft.aufirst=Harriet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2015%2Fapr%2F30%2Fnadine-shah-i-was-determied-for-people-to-hear-i-was-pakistani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Where an abbreviation is used in the references this is indicated below in (brackets) at the end of the source name. When a source is available online, a link has been included. </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFordyce1857" class="citation book cs1">Fordyce, William (1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SjhNAAAAMAAJ"><i>The history and antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham</i></a>. Newcastle: A. Fullarton and Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+and+antiquities+of+the+County+Palatine+of+Durham&rft.place=Newcastle&rft.pub=A.+Fullarton+and+Company&rft.date=1857&rft.aulast=Fordyce&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSjhNAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackenzieRoss1834" class="citation book cs1">Mackenzie, E.; Ross, M. (1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0ThNAAAAMAAJ"><i>An historical, topographical, and descriptive view of the County Palatine of Durham</i></a>. Vol. 1. Newcastle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+historical%2C+topographical%2C+and+descriptive+view+of+the+County+Palatine+of+Durham&rft.place=Newcastle&rft.date=1834&rft.aulast=Mackenzie&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Ross%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0ThNAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills2011" class="citation book cs1">Mills, A. D. (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199609086.001.0001/acref-9780199609086-e-13894?rskey=jyfhSz&result=1"><i>A Dictionary of British Place Names</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199609086" title="Special:BookSources/9780199609086"><bdi>9780199609086</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+British+Place+Names&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780199609086&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=A.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199609086.001.0001%2Facref-9780199609086-e-13894%3Frskey%3DjyfhSz%26result%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southtyneside.gov.uk/media/2229/Whitburn-Conservation-Area-Character-Appraisal-February-2006-/pdf/Whitburn_CA_Character_Appraisal_(February_2006).pdf">Whitburn Conservation Area. Character Appraisal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/South_Tyneside_Council" title="South Tyneside Council">South Tyneside Council</a>. February 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Whitburn+Conservation+Area.+Character+Appraisal.&rft.pub=South+Tyneside+Council&rft.date=2006-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southtyneside.gov.uk%2Fmedia%2F2229%2FWhitburn-Conservation-Area-Character-Appraisal-February-2006-%2Fpdf%2FWhitburn_CA_Character_Appraisal_%28February_2006%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span> (WCA).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southtyneside.gov.uk/media/46660/Whitburn-NP-Heritage-Character-Assessment-by-AECOM/pdf/Whitburn_Heritage_Character_Assessment_by_AECOM.pdf?m=637689619756570000">Whitburn heritage character assessment</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/AECOM" title="AECOM">AECOM</a>. June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Whitburn+heritage+character+assessment.&rft.pub=AECOM&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southtyneside.gov.uk%2Fmedia%2F46660%2FWhitburn-NP-Heritage-Character-Assessment-by-AECOM%2Fpdf%2FWhitburn_Heritage_Character_Assessment_by_AECOM.pdf%3Fm%3D637689619756570000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span> (WHCA).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/media/2684/Whitburn-Bents-Character-Appraisal-Adopted-as-Planning-Guidance-in-December-2007/pdf/Whitburn_planning_guidance_LQR.pdf?ccp=true#cookie-consent-prompt">Whitburn Bents Conservation Area. Character Appraisal and Management Strategy</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Sunderland_City_Council" title="Sunderland City Council">Sunderland City Council</a>. November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Whitburn+Bents+Conservation+Area.+Character+Appraisal+and+Management+Strategy.&rft.pub=Sunderland+City+Council&rft.date=2007-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunderland.gov.uk%2Fmedia%2F2684%2FWhitburn-Bents-Character-Appraisal-Adopted-as-Planning-Guidance-in-December-2007%2Fpdf%2FWhitburn_planning_guidance_LQR.pdf%3Fccp%3Dtrue%23cookie-consent-prompt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span> (WBCA).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungMiddletonDunn2015" class="citation report cs1">Young, Brian; Middleton, Penny; Dunn, Ivan (29 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121113151/http://cleadon-village.co.uk/atlas-final.pdf">The Cleadon Village Atlas</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Northern Archaeological Associates Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cleadon-village.co.uk/atlas-final.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Cleadon+Village+Atlas&rft.pub=Northern+Archaeological+Associates+Ltd&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Middleton%2C+Penny&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Ivan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcleadon-village.co.uk%2Fatlas-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitburn%2C+Tyne+and+Wear" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Whitburn, Tyne and Wear">Whitburn, Tyne and Wear</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southtyneside.info/">South Tyneside Council & Community website</a> – Local council website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whitburnlibrary.org.uk/">Whitburn Community Library</a> - Whitburn Community Library website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/4889">Whitburn</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/A_Vision_of_Britain_through_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="A Vision of Britain through Time">A Vision of Britain through Time</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmm.org.uk/colliery/w010.htm">History of Mining at Whitburn</a> from the Durham Mining Museum</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear&params=54.951895_N_1.366055_W_region:GB_scale:100000">Map sources</a></span> for Whitburn, Tyne and Wear</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930033612/http://website.lineone.net/~d.ord/Whitburn.htm">Photographs of Whitburn, old and new</a> from the Whitburn Local History Group</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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