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Beschikbaar in 63 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="بول كارير – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بول كارير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="بول كارير – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بول كارير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B1" title="پل کارر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پل کارر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Паўль Карэр – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўль Карэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Паул Карер – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Паул Карер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="পল কারার – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পল কারার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B1" title="پل کارر – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پل کارر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A8" title="פאול קארר – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פאול קארר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="パウル・カラー – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パウル・カラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="პაულ კარერი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პაულ კარერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9A%B8_%EC%B9%B4%EB%9F%AC" title="파울 카러 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파울 카러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulus_Karrer" title="Paulus Karrer – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Paulus Karrer" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0" title="पाउल कारर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाउल कारर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B1" title="پل کارر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پل کارر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B1" title="پال کارر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پال کارر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Каррер, Пауль – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каррер, Пауль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Паул Карер – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Паул Карер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เพาล์ คาเรอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เพาล์ คาเรอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Пауль Каррер – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пауль Каррер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Пауль Каррер – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пауль Каррер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%B1" title="پاول کرر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پاول کرر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%8B%92" title="保罗·卡勒 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="保罗·卡勒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="პაულ კარერი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პაულ კარერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%8B%92" title="保罗·卡勒 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="保罗·卡勒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Paul Karrer" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q73093#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobelprijswinnaar"><img alt="Nobelprijswinnaar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span>  Paul Karrer </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/21_april" title="21 april">21 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a> – <a href="/wiki/18_juni" title="18 juni">18 juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Paul_Karrer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Paul Karrer (1937)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Paul_Karrer.jpg/266px-Paul_Karrer.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Paul_Karrer.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="284" data-file-height="409" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Paul Karrer (1937)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteland </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou">Moskou</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overlijdensplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_(stad)" title="Zürich (stad)">Zürich</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nobelprijs </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde">Scheikunde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jaar </th> <td colspan="2">1937 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reden </th> <td colspan="2">"Voor zijn verdiensten op het gebied van de <a href="/wiki/Caroteno%C3%AFde" title="Carotenoïde">carotenoïden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flavine" title="Flavine">flavines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamine_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamine A">vitamine A</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vitamine_B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamine B2">B2</a>." </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gedeeld met </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Haworth" title="Walter Haworth">Walter Haworth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Voorganger(s)</span> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger(s) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Scheikunde" title="Portaal:Scheikunde">Scheikunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Paul Karrer</b> (<a href="/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou">Moskou</a>, <a href="/wiki/21_april" title="21 april">21 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a> – <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_(stad)" title="Zürich (stad)">Zürich</a>, <a href="/wiki/18_juni" title="18 juni">18 juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Zwitserland" title="Zwitserland">Zwitsers</a> organisch <a href="/wiki/Scheikundige" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheikundige">scheikundige</a> vooral bekend vanwege zijn werk over <a href="/wiki/Vitamine" title="Vitamine">vitamines</a>. Hij en <a href="/wiki/Walter_Haworth" title="Walter Haworth">Walter Haworth</a> kregen hiervoor in <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde">Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Karrer&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Karrer&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Biografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karrer was de zoon van Julie Lerch en Paul Karrer, een Zwitsers tandarts die praktiseerde in Rusland. In 1892 keerde zijn familie terug naar Zwitserland waar hij in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_(stad)" title="Zürich (stad)">Zürich</a> scheikunde studeerde bij <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a> en promoveerde in 1911. Hij kreeg een baan bij <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Paul Ehrlich</a> in het Georg Speyer Haus in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt</a>. In <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> werd hij hoogleraar in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_(stad)" title="Zürich (stad)">Zürich</a>. </p><p>Karrers vroegere onderzoek betrof complexe metaalverbindingen, maar zijn belangrijkste werk was de opheldering van plantaardige kleurstoffen (<a href="/wiki/Biologisch_pigment" title="Biologisch pigment">plantpigmenten</a>), vooral de gele <a href="/wiki/Caroteno%C3%AFde" title="Carotenoïde">carotenoïden</a>. De formule van caroteen werd in 1930 gepubliceerd.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hij verhelderde dat hun chemische structuur in het lichaam wordt omgezet in <a href="/wiki/Vitamine_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamine A">vitamine A</a>. Zijn werk leidde tot de correcte formule van <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A8tacaroteen" title="Bètacaroteen">bètacaroteen</a>; de eerste keer dat de structuur van een vitamine of provitamine was vastgesteld. </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">George Wald</a> werkte kort in Karrers lab en bestudeerde de rol van vitamine A in de <a href="/wiki/Netvlies" title="Netvlies">retina</a>. Later bevestigde Karrer de structuur van <a href="/wiki/Ascorbinezuur" title="Ascorbinezuur">ascorbinezuur</a> (vitamine C) en breidde zijn onderzoek zich uit naar vitamines B2 (<a href="/wiki/Riboflavine" title="Riboflavine">riboflavine</a>) en E (<a href="/wiki/Tocoferol" class="mw-redirect" title="Tocoferol">tocoferol</a>). De structuren van B2 en E werden in 1935 respectievelijk 1938 bepaald. Zijn belangrijke bijdragen aan de chemie van <a href="/wiki/Flavine" title="Flavine">flavines</a> leidde tot de identificatie van <a href="/wiki/Lactoflavine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lactoflavine">lactoflavine</a> als deel van het complex dat oorspronkelijk <a href="/wiki/Vitamine_B" title="Vitamine B">vitamine B</a>2 leek. </p><p>Karrer heeft meer dan duizend artikelen gepubliceerd in verscheidene gebieden van de organische scheikunde, met name over vitamines A, B<sub>2</sub>, C, E en K, co-enzymen, carotenoïden en andere plantpigmenten, curare en andere alkoïdes, aminozuren, koolhydraten en de <a href="/wiki/Organoarseenchemie" title="Organoarseenchemie">organoarseenchemie</a>. Van zijn <i>"Lehrbuch der Organische Chemie"</i> uit 1930 werden dertien uitgaven gedrukt en het is vertaald in het Engels, Italiaans, Frans, Pools en Japans. Verder verscheen van zijn monograaf over carotenoïden (1948) ook een Engelstalige editie. </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1937/karrer-bio.html">Nobelprijs biografie Paul Karrer</a></li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Jones, J. Sydney</span> (1995). "Paul Karrer". <i>Notable Twentieth-Century Scientists</i>.  Detroit: Gale Research Inc.</li></ul> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFP._Karrer;_A._Helfenstein;_H._Wehrli;_A._Wettstein1930"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">P. Karrer; A. Helfenstein; H. Wehrli; A. Wettstein</span> (1930). <cite>Pflanzenfarbstoffe XXV. Über die Konstitution des Lycopins und Carotins</cite>. <i>Helvetica Chimica Acta</i> <b>13</b> (5): 1084–1099. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19300130532">10.1002/hlca.19300130532</a>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" data-expandtext="Uitklappen" data-collapsetext="Inklappen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie winnaars van de Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" class="navigatie-titel">Winnaars van de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde">Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <p><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus van 't Hoff">Van 't Hoff</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">E. Fischer</a></span> · 1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Arrhenius</a> · 1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">Ramsay</a> · 1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Baeyer</a> · 1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Moissan</a> · 1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Buchner</a> · 1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a> · 1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald</a> · 1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Wallach</a> · 1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Curie</a> · 1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Grignard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Sabatier</a> · 1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Werner</a> · 1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Richards</a> · 1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Willstätter</a> · 1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Haber</a> · 1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Nernst</a> · 1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a> · 1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Aston</a> · 1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Pregl</a> · 1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Zsigmondy</a> · 1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Svedberg</a> · 1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Wieland</a> · 1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Windaus</a> · 1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Harden</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Euler-Chelpin</a></span> · 1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer_(scheikundige)" title="Hans Fischer (scheikundige)">H. Fischer</a> · 1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Bergius</a> · 1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Langmuir</a> · 1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Urey</a> · <span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">F. Joliot-Curie</a>,</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">I. Joliot-Curie</a></span> · 1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Debye</a> · 1937: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Haworth" title="Walter Haworth">Haworth</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karrer</a> · 1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Kuhn</a> · 1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Butenandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lavoslav_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Lavoslav Ružička">Ružička</a> · 1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">Hevesy</a> · 1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a> · 1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Virtanen</a> · 1946: <a href="/wiki/James_Batcheller_Sumner" title="James Batcheller Sumner">Sumner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">Northrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Stanley</a> · 1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robinson</a> · 1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Tiselius</a> · 1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">Giauque</a> · 1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Diels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Alder</a> · 1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" title="Glenn Seaborg">Seaborg</a> · 1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_John_Porter_Martin" title="Archer John Porter Martin">Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Synge</a> · 1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Staudinger</a> · 1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a> · 1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vigneaud</a> · 1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Hinshelwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Semjonov" title="Nikolaj Semjonov">Semjonov</a> · 1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd">Todd</a> · 1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a> · 1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Heyrovský</a> · 1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Libby</a> · 1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Calvin</a> · 1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Perutz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">Kendrew</a> · 1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler_(scheikundige)" title="Karl Ziegler (scheikundige)">Ziegler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Natta</a> · 1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a> · 1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Woodward</a> · 1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mulliken" title="Robert Mulliken">Mulliken</a> · 1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Eigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Norrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">Porter</a> · 1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a> · 1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Barton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Hassel</a> · 1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Leloir</a> · 1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Herzberg</a> · 1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_Anfinsen" title="Christian Anfinsen">Anfinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Stein" title="William Stein">Stein</a> · <span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">E.O. Fischer</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a> · 1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Flory</a> · 1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">Cornforth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Prelog</a> · 1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">Lipscomb</a> · 1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a> · 1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mitchell_(biochemicus)" title="Peter Mitchell (biochemicus)">Mitchell</a> · 1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Brown" title="Herbert Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Wittig</a> · 1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg_(scheikundige)" title="Paul Berg (scheikundige)">Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a> · 1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Fukui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a> · 1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a> · 1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Taube</a> · 1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Merrifield</a> · 1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Hauptman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a> · 1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Herschbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Lee" title="Yuan Lee">Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">Polanyi</a> · 1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Cram" title="Donald Cram">Cram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Lehn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Pedersen</a> · 1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Huber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Michel</a> · 1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Altman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Cech</a> · 1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Corey</a> · 1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Ernst</a> · 1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Marcus</a> · 1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Mullis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(scheikundige)" title="Michael Smith (scheikundige)">Smith</a> · 1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">Olah</a> · 1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen">Crutzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina">Molina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a> · 1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Curl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Kroto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Smalley</a> · 1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Skou</a> · 1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Kohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">Pople</a> · 1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Zewail</a> · 2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Heeger" title="Alan Heeger">Heeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">MacDiarmid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a> · 2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">Knowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryoji_Noyori" title="Ryoji Noyori">Noyori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a> · 2002: <a href="/wiki/John_Fenn" title="John Fenn">Fenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Tanaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Wüthrich</a> · 2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Agre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a> · 2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Ciechanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Hershko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Rose</a> · 2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Grubbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Schrock" title="Richard Schrock">Schrock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Chauvin</a> · 2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg">Kornberg</a> · 2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Ertl</a> · 2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Shimomura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Chalfie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Tsien</a> · 2009: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Steitz" title="Thomas Steitz">Steitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Yonath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Ramakrishnan</a> · 2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Heck" title="Richard Heck">Heck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Negishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Suzuki</a> · 2011: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Shechtman" title="Daniel Shechtman">Shechtman</a> · 2012: <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Kobilka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Lefkowitz</a> · 2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Karplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Levitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Warshel</a> · 2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Betzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner">Moerner</a> · 2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Lindahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Modrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Sancar</a> · 2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Sauvage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Stoddart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Feringa</a> · 2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Dubochet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Henderson</a> · 2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Winter</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(scheikundige)" title="George Smith (scheikundige)">Smith</a> · 2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">Goodenough</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">Whittingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Yoshino</a> · 2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Doudna</a> · 2021: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">List</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">MacMillan</a> · 2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morten_Meldal" title="Morten Meldal">Meldal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a> · 2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Bawendi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Brus" title="Louis Brus">Brus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Jekimov" title="Alexei Jekimov">Jekimov</a> · 2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemicus)" title="David Baker (biochemicus)">Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Hassabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Jumper" title="John Jumper">Jumper</a> </p> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Karrer&oldid=60515993">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Karrer&oldid=60515993</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Zwitsers_scheikundige" title="Categorie:Zwitsers scheikundige">Zwitsers scheikundige</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Winnaar_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" title="Categorie:Winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde">Winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:20e-eeuws_scheikundige" title="Categorie:20e-eeuws scheikundige">20e-eeuws scheikundige</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 10 dec 2021 om 14:23.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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