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Euskal Pizkundea - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea.

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ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&amp;returnto=Euskal+Pizkundea" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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href="#Nazionalismo_kulturala_eta_nazionalismo_politikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nazionalismo kulturala eta nazionalismo politikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazionalismo_kulturala_eta_nazionalismo_politikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Musika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_loturak" 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href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Euskaltzaindia,_1927.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Euskaltzaindia%2C_1927.jpg/220px-Euskaltzaindia%2C_1927.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Euskaltzaindia%2C_1927.jpg/330px-Euskaltzaindia%2C_1927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Euskaltzaindia%2C_1927.jpg/440px-Euskaltzaindia%2C_1927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="564" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Euskaltzainen_zerrenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Euskaltzainen zerrenda">Euskaltzain</a> eta idazle batzuk, <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927an</a> Euskaltzaindiak eginiko ohiko biltzar batean. Ezkerretik eskuinera, zutik: <a href="/wiki/Orixe" title="Orixe">Orixe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Elizalde" title="Jean Elizalde">Jean Elizalde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seber_Altube" title="Seber Altube">Seber Altube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julio_Urkixo" title="Julio Urkixo">Julio Urkixo</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Erramun_Olabide" title="Erramun Olabide">Erramun Olabide</a>. Eserita: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Eguzkitza" title="Juan Bautista Eguzkitza">Juan Bautista Eguzkitza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonifazio_Etxegarai" title="Bonifazio Etxegarai">Bonifazio Etxegarai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resurreccion_Maria_Azkue" title="Resurreccion Maria Azkue">Resurreccion Maria Azkue</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Georges_Lakonbe" title="Georges Lakonbe">Georges Lakonbe</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Euskal Pizkundea</b> mugimendu kultural eta politiko euskaltzale emankorra izan zen, <a href="/wiki/XIX._mendea" title="XIX. mendea">XIX. mendeko</a> bigarren erdialdetik <a href="/wiki/XX._mendea" title="XX. mendea">XX. mendeko</a> lehen erdialdera arte luzatutakoa. Mugimendu euskaltzale hori <a href="/wiki/Hego_Euskal_Herria" title="Hego Euskal Herria">Hegoaldeko</a> lurraldeetan <a href="/wiki/Karlistaldiak" class="mw-redirect" title="Karlistaldiak">karlistaldiak</a> galdu eta <a href="/wiki/Foru" title="Foru">foruak</a> deuseztatu zireneko galera-sentimenduari dago lotua, <a href="/wiki/Erromantizismo" title="Erromantizismo">erromantizismoaren</a> eragin nabarmenarekin. Aro hura mugatu zuten gertakariak <a href="/wiki/Hirugarren_Karlistaldia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirugarren Karlistaldia">Hirugarren Karlistaldia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Espainiako_Gerra_Zibila" title="Espainiako Gerra Zibila">Espainiako Gerra Zibila</a> izan ziren; zehazki, <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876tik</a> <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a> arte iraun zuen <a href="/wiki/Hego_Euskal_Herria" title="Hego Euskal Herria">Hego Euskal Herrian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> baina bigarren zatiari, <a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Euskal_Pizkundea" title="Bigarren Euskal Pizkundea">Bigarren Euskal Pizkundea</a> deritzo.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm/220px-seek%3D41-Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="539" data-mwtitle="Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, vorbis&quot;" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm/Ikusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AIkusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm&amp;lang=bn&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bn" label="বাংলা ‪(bn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AIkusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm&amp;lang=en&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AIkusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm&amp;lang=es&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AIkusgela-Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea.webm&amp;lang=eu&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eu" label="euskara ‪(eu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela" title="Bideo hau Ikusgela proiektuaren parte da. Bideoak dituzten artikulu guztiak ikus ditzakezu hemen klik eginez gero."><img alt="Bideo hau Ikusgela proiektuaren parte da." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ikusgela-logoa.png/40px-Ikusgela-logoa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ikusgela-logoa.png/60px-Ikusgela-logoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ikusgela-logoa.png/80px-Ikusgela-logoa.png 2x" data-file-width="3334" data-file-height="3334" /></a><figcaption>Bideo hau Ikusgela proiektuaren parte da. Bideoak dituzten artikulu guztiak ikus ditzakezu hemen klik eginez gero.</figcaption></figure><b>Lehen Euskal Pizkundea</b> azaltzen duen bideoa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mugimendua <a href="/wiki/Kultura" title="Kultura">kulturaren</a> arlokoa ez ezik politikoa izan zen, <a href="/wiki/Abertzaletasun" title="Abertzaletasun">abertzaletasuna</a> sortu zeneko giroan egonik. <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europako</a> beste prozesu antzekoekin batera gertatu zen, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Katalunia" class="mw-redirect" title="Katalunia">Katalunia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Galizia" title="Galizia">Galiziakoekin</a>. Bi herri horietako kulturgileekin batera, <a href="/wiki/Galeusca" title="Galeusca">Galeusca</a> ekimena abiatu zuten euskaldunek <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923an</a>. Data honek markatu zuen garai honen lehenengo erdialdea, orduan hasi baitzen <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Primo_de_Rivera" title="Miguel Primo de Rivera">Miguel Primo de Riveraren</a> diktadura, <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> arte luzatu zena. Beste bi urte esanguratsu <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> eta <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> izan ziren, <a href="/wiki/Eusko_Ikaskuntza" title="Eusko Ikaskuntza">Eusko Ikaskuntza</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindia" title="Euskaltzaindia">Euskaltzaindiaren</a> sorrerena, hurrenez hurren. Urte batzuk lehenago, eztabaidak hasi ziren <a href="/wiki/Euskara_batu" class="mw-redirect" title="Euskara batu">euskara batuaren</a> beharraren inguruan, eta hizkuntzaren akademia sortzeak egitasmoa garatzen lagundu zuen. Hala ere, nahiz eta orduan batasunerako proposamen interesgarriak egon, gerraostera arte ez zen asmoa erabat gorpuztu (<a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>). </p><p>Bestela, batik bat <a href="/wiki/Euskara" title="Euskara">euskararen</a> ingurukoa bazen ere, Pizkundean idazle eta kulturgile euskaltzale eta erdaldun batzuek ere parte hartu zuten. Bultzatzaileen artean, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Abadia" title="Anton Abadia">Anton Abbadia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seber_Altube" title="Seber Altube">Seber Altube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabin_Arana" title="Sabin Arana">Sabin Arana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resurreccion_Maria_Azkue" title="Resurreccion Maria Azkue">Resurreccion Maria Azkue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Kanpion" title="Arturo Kanpion">Arturo Campion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andima_Ibi%C3%B1agabeitia" class="mw-redirect" title="Andima Ibiñagabeitia">Andima Ibinagabeitia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorne_Unzueta" title="Sorne Unzueta">Sorne Unzueta</a> (eta <a href="/wiki/Emakume_Abertzale_Batza" title="Emakume Abertzale Batza">Emakume Abertzale Batzako</a> beste kide batzuk), <a href="/wiki/Julio_Urkixo" title="Julio Urkixo">Julio de Urquijo</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Jokin_Zaitegi" title="Jokin Zaitegi">Iokin Zaitegi</a> ditugu garai guztian zehar. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lore_Jokoak">Lore Jokoak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lore Jokoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Lore Jokoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Anton_abbadia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Anton_abbadia.png/200px-Anton_abbadia.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Anton_abbadia.png/300px-Anton_abbadia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Anton_abbadia.png/400px-Anton_abbadia.png 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anton_Abadia" title="Anton Abadia">Anton Abadia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euskal_Lore_Jokoak" title="Euskal Lore Jokoak">Euskal Lore Jokoen</a> bultzatzaile nagusia.</figcaption></figure> <p>"<a href="/wiki/Euskal_Lore_Jokoak" title="Euskal Lore Jokoak">Euskal Lore Jokoak</a>" pizkunde honen agerraldi nagusietakoa izan ziren. Jaialdi hauek <a href="/wiki/Anton_Abadia" title="Anton Abadia">Anton Abadia</a> zientzialari euskaltzalearen diru laguntzei esker hasi ziren. Poesia sariak izaten ziren funtsean, bestelako lehiaketak ere izan arren. Jokoak herri jakin batean egiten ziren, hainbat musika-emanaldi eta jolasekin. <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Euskal_Herria" title="Ipar Euskal Herria">Ipar Euskal Herrian</a> lehenagoak <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851ean</a> egin ziren, eta <a href="/wiki/Hego_Euskal_Herria" title="Hego Euskal Herria">Hegoaldera</a> <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879an</a> eraman ziren lehen aldiz, <a href="/wiki/Elizondo" title="Elizondo">Elizondora</a> (Nafarroa). </p><p>Azken ekitaldiak <a href="/wiki/XX._mendea" title="XX. mendea">XX. mendeko</a> lehenengo hamarkadan egin zituzten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nazionalismo_kulturala_eta_nazionalismo_politikoa">Nazionalismo kulturala eta nazionalismo politikoa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Nazionalismo kulturala eta nazionalismo politikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Nazionalismo kulturala eta nazionalismo politikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Eusko_abertzaletasun" class="mw-redirect" title="Eusko abertzaletasun">Eusko abertzaletasun</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Euskal-Erria_(1880).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Euskal-Erria_%281880%29.jpg/180px-Euskal-Erria_%281880%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Euskal-Erria_%281880%29.jpg/270px-Euskal-Erria_%281880%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Euskal-Erria_%281880%29.jpg/360px-Euskal-Erria_%281880%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2232" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Euskal-Erria" title="Euskal-Erria">Euskal-Erria</a></i> aldizkariaren azala, 1880</figcaption></figure> <p>Ia lege historiko bat da nazionalismo politikoa lehenagoko nazionalismo kultural batetik abiatzea. Halaxe gertatu zen, adibidez, Katalunian eta Galizian. Euskal Herrian, ordea, Lore Jokoen berezko oinordekoak, <a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaleen_Biltzarra" title="Euskaltzaleen Biltzarra">Euskaltzaleen Biltzarrak</a> (1902), ez zuen inolako eraginik izan gizartean, Hego Euskal Herrikoan behintzat. Sabindar nazionalismo politikoaren hedapena nazionalismo kultural hutsak Hego Euskal Herrikoan izan zuen porrotaren arrazoietako bat da. Horregatik, lau hegotar herrialdeetan, aldarrikapen kulturalak, neurri handi batean, aldarrikapen politikoen ondorengoak dira eta, beste neurri handi batean ere, horien mendekoak. Hori hala gertatu zen, nazionalismo politikoa erdaldunek sortu zutelako, XIX. mendearen bukaeran. Euskaldunak geroago abertzaletu ziren tropelka. Abertzaletasunak proposaturiko hizkuntza eredua bera ezinezkoa zen haren garbizalekeriagatik. 1960ko hamarkada arte ez zen egiazko euskaratik eta tradizio literariotik hurbilago egonen zen beste eredu bat zabaldu<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Literatura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Literatura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9105067">.mw-parser-output .notepaper{position:relative;margin:10px auto 10px 20px;padding:7px;width:350px;line-height:22px;color:#6a5f49;text-shadow:0 1px 1px white;background-color:#f2f6c1;border:1px solid #c3baaa;border-color:rgba(195,186,170,0.9)}.mw-parser-output .notepaper:before,.mw-parser-output .notepaper:after{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .notepaper:before{left:28px;width:2px;border:solid #efcfad;border-color:rgba(239,207,173,0.9);border-width:0 1px}.mw-parser-output .notepaper:after{z-index:-1;left:0;right:0;background:rgba(242,246,193,0.9);border:1px solid rgba(170,157,134,0.7)}.mw-parser-output .notepaper blockquote.curly-quotes{padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .quote{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:12px}.mw-parser-output .curly-quotes{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;margin-top:15px;font-size:11px}.mw-parser-output .curly-quotes:before,.mw-parser-output .curly-quotes:after{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;height:30px;line-height:38px;font-size:50px;opacity:.2}.mw-parser-output .curly-quotes:before{content:"“";margin-right:4px;margin-left:-8px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .curly-quotes:after{content:"”";margin-left:4px;margin-right:-20px;float:right;margin-top:-30px}.mw-parser-output .quote-by{display:block;padding-right:10px;text-align:right;font-size:13px;font-style:italic;color:#84775c}.mw-parser-output .lt-ie8 .notepaper{padding:15px 25px}</style> <div class="notepaper" style="float:right;"> <blockquote class="curly-quotes" style="border: none;"> <div class="poem"> <p><i>Egizute nerekin</i><br /> <i>Aberri bidea.</i><br /> <i>Bildu dezagun nun nahi</i><br /> <i>Asaben lorea.</i><br /> <i>Ta gaurdanik goritu</i><br /> <i>Gure sukaldea.</i><br /> <i>Ni nor naizen? Asmatu!</i><br /> <i>Euskal Pizkundea!</i> </p> </div> </blockquote><span class="quote-by">— <a href="/wiki/Xabier_Lizardi" title="Xabier Lizardi">Xabier Lizardi</a>.</span> </div> <p>Hego Euskal Herriko literatura <a href="/wiki/Foruzaletasun" title="Foruzaletasun">foruzale</a> berria eta nazionalista, horren ondorengoa dena, biak gehienbat gaztelaniaz idatziaz, XVI., XVII. eta XVIII. mendeetako eta XIX. mendearen lehen erdiko euskararen aldeko tradizio apologetikoaren jarraipena da, ez euskarazko literatura jatorrarena (<a href="/wiki/Sabino_Arana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabino Arana">Sabino Arana</a>k, nazionalismo politikoaren sortzaileak, adibidez, Axular ez zuen ezagutzen ere, XX. mende arte izan zen idazlerik hoberena). Mugimendu horretako egileek, gehienak oso kaxkarrak baziren ere, lagundu egin zuten Euskal Herrian nortasun berezi bat zabaltzen, azken buruan, euskara berraurkitu eta lantzeko balioko zuena, bereziki XX. mendeko hirugarren hamarkadatik aurrera, Primo de Riveraren diktaduran eta Espainiako Bigarren Errepublikan, hain zuzen ere. </p><p>Lehen erdialdean, <a href="/wiki/Grazian_Adema" title="Grazian Adema">Grazian Adema</a> ("Zaldubi"), <a href="/wiki/Txomin_Agirre" title="Txomin Agirre">Txomin Agirre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Arrese_Beitia" title="Felipe Arrese Beitia">Felipe Arrese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evaristo_Bustintza" title="Evaristo Bustintza">Evaristo Bustintza</a> ("Kirikiño"), <a href="/wiki/Joan_Batista_Elizanburu" title="Joan Batista Elizanburu">Joan Batista Elizanburu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Fermin_Irigarai" title="Pablo Fermin Irigarai">Pablo Fermin Irigarai</a> ("Larreko"), <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Navarro_Villoslada" title="Francisco Navarro Villoslada">Francisco Navarro Villoslada</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Trueba" title="Antonio Trueba">Antonio Trueba</a> idazleak nabarmendu ziren, besteak beste. </p><p>Bigarren erdialdean, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Arana_Ezpeleta" title="Juan Arana Ezpeleta">Juan Arana</a> ("Loramendi"), <a href="/wiki/Jose_Ariztimu%C3%B1o" title="Jose Ariztimuño">Jose Ariztimuño</a> ("Aitzol"), <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Artola" title="Rosario Artola">Rosario Artola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Errose_Bustintza" title="Errose Bustintza">Errose Bustintza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koldobika_Jauregi_(idazlea)" title="Koldobika Jauregi (idazlea)">Koldobika Jauregi</a> ("Jautarkol"), "<a href="/wiki/Xabier_Lizardi" title="Xabier Lizardi">Xabier Lizardi</a>", <a href="/wiki/Oxobi" title="Oxobi">Jules Moulier</a> ("Oxobi"), <a href="/wiki/Robustiana_Mujika_Ega%C3%B1a" title="Robustiana Mujika Egaña">Tene Mujika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orixe" title="Orixe">Nikolas Ormaetxea</a> ("Orixe") eta <a href="/wiki/Lauaxeta" title="Lauaxeta">Estepan Urkiaga</a> ("Lauaxeta") "olerkariak" ditugu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musika">Musika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Musika»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Musika"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Musika arloan, oso aipagarria izan zen <a href="/wiki/Jose_Manterola" title="Jose Manterola">Jose Manterola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resurreccion_Maria_Azkue" title="Resurreccion Maria Azkue">Resurreccion Maria Azkue</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Jose_Gonzalo_Zulaika" title="Jose Gonzalo Zulaika">Aita Donostiak</a> egindako lana, euskal herri-kantutegia bilduz. Beste alde batetik, musikagileen artean aipatzekoak dira <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Guridi" title="Jesus Guridi">Jesus Guridi</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Mirentxu" title="Mirentxu">Mirentxu</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amaya_(opera)" title="Amaya (opera)">Amaya</a></i> eta <i><a href="/wiki/El_caser%C3%ADo" title="El caserío">El caserio</a></i>) eta <a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Usanditzaga" title="Jose Maria Usanditzaga">Jose Maria Usanditzaga</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Mendi-Mendiyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendi-Mendiyan">Mendi-Mendiyan</a></i>) konpositoreak, euskaraz egindako lehendabiziko <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Zartzuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Zartzuela">zarzuelak</a> idatzi baitzituzten, eta lan kostunbrista horiek arrakasta handiz taularatu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="" class="plainlinks ambox ambox-content"> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"> <div style="width:52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/42px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/63px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/84px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text"><b>Artikulu honek <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Erreferentziak" title="Laguntza:Erreferentziak">erreferentziak</a> behar ditu.</b> <br /> Hemen <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Egiaztagarritasuna" title="Wikipedia:Egiaztagarritasuna">erreferentzia egiaztagarriak</a> gehituz lagun dezakezu.</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aunamendi.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus/eu/euskal-poesia-xx-mendean/ar-153805/">Otaegi Imaz, Lourdes, "Euskal Poesia XX. Mendean", Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/index.php?option=com_xslt&amp;view=frontpage&amp;layout=lth_detail&amp;Itemid=474&amp;search=euskal+pizkundea">«Euskal Pizkundea» - Literatura Terminoen Hiztegia, Euskaltzaindia</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ehu.eus/seg/his/1/8">«Euskal Pizkundea [Sareko Euskal Gramatika</a>»]&#32;<i>www.ehu.eus</i>&#32;<span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-12-04T17:38:56Z)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euskararen_historia" title="Euskararen historia">Euskararen historia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabindarren_euskara_garbia" title="Sabindarren euskara garbia">Euskara garbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Euskal_Pizkundea" title="Bigarren Euskal Pizkundea">Bigarren Euskal Pizkundea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaixen%C3%A7a" title="Renaixença">Renaixença</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexurdimento" title="Rexurdimento">Rexurdimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizkunde_gaeliko" title="Pizkunde gaeliko">Pizkunde gaelikoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Epoque" class="mw-redirect" title="Belle Epoque">Belle Epoque</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bibliografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josemari_Velez_de_Mendizabal" title="Josemari Velez de Mendizabal">Vélez de Mendizabal Azkarraga, Josemari</a> (2012): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501104856/http://www.euskomedia.org/PDFAnlt/riev/57/57396430.pdf">"Euskal Pizkundea Araban"</a>, RIEV, Vol. 57, Nº. 2, 396-430 orr.. ISSN 0212-7016.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xabier_Zabaltza" title="Xabier Zabaltza">Zabaltza, Xabier</a> (2018): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/HPOL/article/viewFile/60055/4564456547062">"¿Del «renacimiento» literario al nacionalismo político? Una comparación entre los territorios de lengua catalana y los de lengua vasca (1850-1900)"</a>, Historia y Política, 39, 141-170 orr.. ISSN 1575-0361.</li> <li>Zabaltza, Xabier (2018): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docplayer.es/95163217-Pizkunde-los-renacimientos-de-la-lengua-vasca.html">"Pizkunde: los «renacimientos» de la lengua vasca"</a>, SCRIPTA, Revista internacional de literatura i cultura medieval i modern, núm. 11/juny 2018, 86-107 orr.. ISSN-e 2340-4841.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/index.php?option=com_xslt&amp;view=frontpage&amp;layout=lth_detail&amp;Itemid=474&amp;search=euskal+pizkundea">"Euskal Pizkundea"</a>, Literatura Terminoen Hiztegia, Euskaltzaindia.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_loturak">Kanpo loturak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo loturak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euskal_Pizkundea&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Kanpo loturak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0 4px 1em; width: 233px; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.25em; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Azala?uselang=eu">Wikimedia Commons</a>en</span> badira fitxategi gehiago, gai hau dutenak: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Euskal_Pizkundea" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Euskal Pizkundea">Euskal Pizkundea</a></b></i></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0 4px 1em; width: 233px; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.25em; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Caoandanielinblueaboutw.svg/39px-Caoandanielinblueaboutw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="39" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Caoandanielinblueaboutw.svg/58px-Caoandanielinblueaboutw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Caoandanielinblueaboutw.svg/77px-Caoandanielinblueaboutw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="32" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Euskarazko_Wikipedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Euskarazko Wikipedia">Euskarazko Wikipedian</a> bada atari bat, gai hau duena:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Atari:Euskara" title="Atari:Euskara">Euskara</a></b></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080916203040/http://www.basqueliterature.com/es/basque/historia/hogeimende/poesia">"Poesia Vasca del S. XX" (Lourdes Otaegi)</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chuongle.site/chuongle/kOjMAWb8FwA/euskal-pizkundea-bizkaian">"Euskal Pizkundea Bizkaian"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia"><span title="&#160;Data honetatik dago hautsita esteka: otsaila 2021">Betiko hautsitako esteka</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup> (bideoa), <a href="/wiki/Labayru_Fundazioa" title="Labayru Fundazioa">Labayru Fundazioa</a>.</li></ul> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <div style="clear:both; width:100%; font-size:90%; margin:auto;" align="left" class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead" style="background:#ccccff;"><big><a href="/wiki/Euskara" title="Euskara">Euskara</a></big></div> <div class="NavContent"> <table width="100%"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ccccff"> <td align="center"><b>Euskarari buruzko artikuluak</b> </td> <td 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Euskararenhistoria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Euskararenhistoria" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%"><center><a href="/wiki/Euskararen_historia" title="Euskararen historia">Euskararen<br />historia</a></center></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Euskararen_jatorria" title="Euskararen jatorria">Euskararen jatorria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Antzinaroa" title="Antzinaroa">Antzinaroa</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Euskararen_ahaideak" title="Euskararen ahaideak">Euskararen ahaideak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aitzineuskara" title="Aitzineuskara">Aitzineuskara</a> • <a href="/wiki/Akitaniera" title="Akitaniera">Akitaniera</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Erdi_Aroa" title="Erdi Aroa">Erdi Aroa</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Huescako_euskara" title="Huescako euskara">Huescako euskara</a> • <a href="/wiki/Codex_Calixtinus" title="Codex Calixtinus">Codex Calixtinus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Donemiliagako_glosak" title="Donemiliagako glosak">Donemiliagako glosak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskara_Nafarroako_Erriberan" title="Euskara Nafarroako Erriberan">Euskara Nafarroako Erriberan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Aro_Modernoa" title="Aro Modernoa">Aro Modernoa</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Euskara_arkaikoa" title="Euskara arkaikoa">Euskara arkaikoa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskararen_debekua" title="Euskararen debekua">Euskararen debekua</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Aro_Garaikidea" title="Aro Garaikidea">Aro Garaikidea</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Euskararen_bilakaera_XX_eta_XXI._mendeetan" title="Euskararen bilakaera XX eta XXI. mendeetan">Euskararen bilakaera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskara_Bigarren_Mundu_Gerran" title="Euskara Bigarren Mundu Gerran">Euskara Bigarren Mundu Gerran</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lehen_Euskal_Pizkundea" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehen Euskal Pizkundea">Euskal pizkundea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskara_batua" title="Euskara batua">Euskara batua</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%"><center><a href="/wiki/Pidgin_(hizkuntza)" title="Pidgin (hizkuntza)">Pidginak</a> eta<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagadolekto&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagadolekto (sortu gabe)">pagadolektoak</a></center></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Erromintxel" title="Erromintxel">Erromintxela</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskara-islandiera_pidgina" title="Euskara-islandiera pidgina">Euskara-islandiera pidgina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Algonkin-euskara_pidgina" class="mw-redirect" title="Algonkin-euskara pidgina">Algonkin-euskara pidgina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zelta_hizkuntzak_eta_euskara" title="Zelta hizkuntzak eta euskara">Zelta hizkuntzak eta euskara</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euska%C3%B1ol" title="Euskañol">Euskañola</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%"><center><a href="/wiki/Euskal_literatura" title="Euskal literatura">Euskal literatura</a></center></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Ahozko_euskal_literatura" title="Ahozko euskal literatura">Ahozkoa</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bertsolaritza" title="Bertsolaritza">Bertsolaritza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskal_baladak" title="Euskal baladak">Euskal baladak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bereterretxen_khantoria" title="Bereterretxen khantoria">Bereterretxen khantoria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brodatzen_ari_nintzen" title="Brodatzen ari nintzen">Brodatzen ari nintzen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kopla_zaharrak" title="Kopla zaharrak">Kopla zaharrak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskal_Kantagintza_Berria" title="Euskal Kantagintza Berria">Euskal kantagintza berria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskal_abeslari" title="Euskal abeslari">Euskal abeslariak</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Euskal_olerkari" class="mw-redirect" title="Euskal olerkari">Olerkigintza</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Topet" title="Pierre Topet">Etxahun</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Iparragirre" title="Jose Maria Iparragirre">Iparragirre</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bilintx" title="Bilintx">Bilintx</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joan_Batista_Elizanburu" title="Joan Batista Elizanburu">Elizanburu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Arrese_Beitia" title="Felipe Arrese Beitia">Arrese Beitia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Xabier_Lizardi" title="Xabier Lizardi">Lizardi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lauaxeta" title="Lauaxeta">Lauaxeta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Aresti" title="Gabriel Aresti">Gabriel Aresti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Atxaga" title="Bernardo Atxaga">Atxaga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseba_Sarrionandia" title="Joseba Sarrionandia">Sarrionandia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Koldo_Izagirre" title="Koldo Izagirre">Koldo Izagirre</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pako_Aristi" title="Pako Aristi">Pako Aristi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Eleberri" title="Eleberri">Eleberrigintza</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Etxepare_Bidegorri" title="Jean Etxepare Bidegorri">Etxepare</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Linguae_vasconum_primitiae" title="Linguae vasconum primitiae">Linguae vasconum primitiae</a></i>) • <a href="/wiki/Joan_Perez_Lazarraga" title="Joan Perez Lazarraga">Lazarraga</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Lazarragaren_eskuizkribua" title="Lazarragaren eskuizkribua">Lazarragaren eskuizkribua</a></i>) • <a href="/wiki/Joanes_Leizarraga" title="Joanes Leizarraga">Leizarraga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Axular" class="mw-redirect" title="Axular">Axular</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Larramendi" title="Manuel Larramendi">Larramendi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bizenta_Mogel" title="Bizenta Mogel">B. Mogel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joan_Antonio_Mogel" title="Joan Antonio Mogel">J.A. Mogel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Txomin_Agirre" title="Txomin Agirre">Agirre</a> • <a href="/wiki/Txillardegi" title="Txillardegi">Txillardegi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Saizarbitoria" title="Ramon Saizarbitoria">Saizarbitoria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arantxa_Urretabizkaia" title="Arantxa Urretabizkaia">Urretabizkaia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Atxaga" title="Bernardo Atxaga">Atxaga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anjel_Lertxundi" title="Anjel Lertxundi">Anjel Lertxundi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center><a href="/wiki/Euskal_antzerkigintza" title="Euskal antzerkigintza">Antzerkigintza</a></center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pastoral" title="Pastoral">Pastoralak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Piarres_Lartzabal" title="Piarres Lartzabal">Lartzabal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Xabier_Mendiguren_Elizegi" title="Xabier Mendiguren Elizegi">Elizegi</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%"><center><a href="/wiki/Euskalgintza" title="Euskalgintza">Euskalgintza</a> eta<br />politika</center></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center>XX. mendera<br />arte</center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Hiztegi_Hirukoitza" title="Hiztegi Hirukoitza">Hiztegi Hirukoitza</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/El_Imposible_Vencido._Arte_de_la_Lengua_Vascongada" title="El Imposible Vencido. Arte de la Lengua Vascongada">El Imposible Vencido</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Agosti_Xaho" title="Agosti Xaho">Xaho</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Uskal-Herriko_Gaseta" title="Uskal-Herriko Gaseta">Uskal-Herriko Gaseta</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Euskal_Lore_Jokoak" title="Euskal Lore Jokoak">Euskal Lore Jokoak</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Euskal Pizkundea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Luis_Luziano_Bonaparte" title="Luis Luziano Bonaparte">Bonaparte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nafarroako_Euskal_Elkargoa" title="Nafarroako Euskal Elkargoa">Nafarroako Euskal Elkargoa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskal-Erria_elkartea" title="Euskal-Erria elkartea">Euskal-Erria elkartea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskal-Erria" title="Euskal-Erria">Euskal-Erria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><center>XX. mendea-<br />Gaur</center></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sabindarren_euskara_garbia" title="Sabindarren euskara garbia">Euskara garbia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindia" title="Euskaltzaindia">Euskaltzaindia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Koldo_Mitxelena" title="Koldo Mitxelena">Koldo Mitxelena</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskara_hezkuntza_sistemetan" title="Euskara hezkuntza sistemetan">Euskara hezkuntzan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ez_Dok_Amairu" title="Ez Dok Amairu">Ez Dok Amairu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Ikastolen_bultzatzaileak" title="Kategoria:Ikastolen bultzatzaileak">Ikastolen bultzatzaileak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskal_jaiak" title="Euskal jaiak">Euskararen aldeko jaiak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskaraldia" title="Euskaraldia">Euskaraldia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alfabetatze_Euskalduntze_Koordinakundea" title="Alfabetatze Euskalduntze Koordinakundea">AEK</a> • <a href="/wiki/Korrika" title="Korrika">Korrika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Seaska_(ikastolen_elkartea)" title="Seaska (ikastolen elkartea)">Seaska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ikastola" title="Ikastola">Ikastolak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskal_Herriko_Unibertsitatea" title="Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea">EHU</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskararen_normalizazio" title="Euskararen normalizazio">Euskararen normalizazioa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskararen_Foru_Legea" title="Euskararen Foru Legea">Euskararen Foru Legea</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Euskaldunon_Egunkaria" title="Euskaldunon Egunkaria">Euskaldunon Egunkaria</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%"><center><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Euskarazko_hedabideak" title="Kategoria:Euskarazko hedabideak">Hedabideak</a></center></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/ETB_1" title="ETB 1">ETB 1</a> • <a href="/wiki/ETB_3" title="ETB 3">ETB 3‎</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Berria" title="Berria">Berria</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Euskal_Irratiak" title="Euskal Irratiak">Euskal Irratiak</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Argia_(aldizkaria)" title="Argia (aldizkaria)">Argia</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ccccff;;width:1%"><center>Bestelakoak</center></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Euskararen_hotsak" title="Euskararen hotsak">Euskararen hotsak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskal_hizkuntzalaritza" title="Euskal hizkuntzalaritza">Euskal hizkuntzalaritza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskal_Herriko_musika" title="Euskal Herriko musika">Euskal musika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaletasun" title="Euskaltzaletasun">Euskaltzaletasun</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td rowspan="7" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #white;" width="50%"> <center><figure class="noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img 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coords="420,94,427,85,434,77,437,75,441,66,445,69,451,65,453,72,463,75,462,79,461,81,462,82,465,88,470,89,472,87,475,87,476,88,481,88,481,92,479,92,479,92,474,92,471,93,469,98,462,99,462,102,459,104,459,115,459,116,458,117,457,121,454,122,453,128,459,132,463,131,466,135,460,137,459,137,460,143,457,146,443,145,440,143,438,146,429,144,423,137,410,135,412,129,415,128,417,124,417,119,420,119,417,109,420,105,421,100,419,97,420,92" alt="Zuberera" title="Zuberera" /><area href="/wiki/Arabako_euskara" shape="poly" coords="107,130,123,150,132,164,150,169,170,175,185,194,203,200,213,197,210,189,211,182,212,181,218,176,215,163,208,162,205,156,197,151,187,149,180,149,176,148,171,149,167,146,165,151,157,146,152,146,145,155,136,145,133,133,118,132" alt="Arabako euskara" title="Arabako euskara" /><area href="/wiki/Ekialdeko_nafar_euskalkia" shape="poly" coords="412,135,408,142,402,143,400,150,397,153,397,154,394,165,394,172,395,181,399,185,397,185,399,196,407,196,409,192,413,192,417,195,421,203,431,203,432,201,435,201,443,189,447,191,451,184,449,181,449,170,451,170,452,166,456,158,459,153,465,152,471,152,466,142,460,143,456,147,447,146,442,145,439,143,438,145,434,145,430,145,425,140,423,137,410,135" alt="Ekialdeko nafar euskalkia" title="Ekialdeko nafar euskalkia" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Egizu klik euskalki bakoitzaren lurraldean haren orrialdera joateko. </p> <table width="100%"> <tbody><tr style="background:#white"> <td align="center"> </td> <td style="background-color:#white; color: black; width:50%;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Euskara_EH_2011.svg/150px-Euskara_EH_2011.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Euskara_EH_2011.svg/225px-Euskara_EH_2011.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Euskara_EH_2011.svg/300px-Euskara_EH_2011.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="647" /></span></span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="7" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #white;" width="50%"> <p>Ezkerraldeko mapan 2011. urtean euskaraz ulertzen zutenen kopurua ageri da, herriz herri. </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="multicol" style="background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="" align="left" valign="top"> <p><span style="margin:0px; border-width: 3px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:100%; display:block;"><span style="border: 3px solid; border: black; background-color:#e31d1e; color:white">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span>&#160;&gt;&#160;% 80</span><span style="margin:0px; border-width: 3px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:100%; display:block;"><span style="border: 3px solid; border: black; background-color:#ef7d1d; color:white">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span>&#160;&gt;&#160;% 60</span><span style="margin:0px; border-width: 3px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:100%; display:block;"><span style="border: 3px solid; border: black; background-color:#2a5ca5; color:white">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span>&#160;&gt;&#160;% 40</span> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="" align="left" valign="top"> <p><span style="margin:0px; border-width: 3px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:100%; display:block;"><span style="border: 3px solid; border: black; background-color:#339929; color:white">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span>&#160;&gt;&#160;% 20</span><span style="margin:0px; border-width: 3px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:100%; display:block;"><span style="border: 3px solid; border: black; background-color:#adcc89; color:white">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span>&#160;&gt;&#160;% 0</span> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> 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