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uniformity</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: thickness uniformity"> <meta name="keywords" content="thickness uniformity"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="thickness uniformity"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1712</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: thickness uniformity</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1712</span> Study of Fork Marks on Sapphire Wafers in Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiao%20Pei%20Wen">Qiao Pei Wen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ng%20Seng%20Lee"> Ng Seng Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sae%20Tae%20Veera"> Sae Tae Veera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiu%20Ah%20Fong"> Chiu Ah Fong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loke%20Weng%20Onn"> Loke Weng Onn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thin film thickness uniformity is crucial to get consistent film etch rate and device yield across the wafer. In the capacitive-coupled parallel plate PECVD system; the film thickness uniformity can be affected by many factors such as the heater temperature uniformity, the spacing between top and bottom electrode, RF power, pressure, gas flows and etc. In this paper, we studied how the PECVD SiN film thickness uniformity is affected by the substrate electrical conductivity and the RF power coupling efficiency. PECVD SiN film was deposited on 150-mm sapphire wafers in 200-mm Lam Sequel tool, fork marks were observed on the wafers. On the fork marks area SiN film thickness is thinner than that on the non-fork area. The forks are the wafer handler inside the process chamber to move the wafers from one station to another. The sapphire wafers and the ceramic forks both are insulator. The high resistivity of the sapphire wafers and the forks inhibits the RF power coupling efficiency during PECVD deposition, thereby reducing the deposition rate. Comparing between the high frequency and low frequency RF power (HFRF and LFRF respectively), the LFRF power coupling effect on the sapphire wafers is more dominant than the HFRF power on the film thickness. This paper demonstrated that the SiN thickness uniformity on sapphire wafers can be improved by depositing a thin TiW layer on the wafer before the SiN deposition. The TiW layer can be on the wafer surface, bottom or any layer before SiN deposition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PECVD%20SiN%20deposition" title="PECVD SiN deposition">PECVD SiN deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sapphire%20wafer" title=" sapphire wafer"> sapphire wafer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substrate%20electrical%20conductivity" title=" substrate electrical conductivity"> substrate electrical conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RF%20power%20coupling" title=" RF power coupling"> RF power coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20frequency%20RF%20power" title=" high frequency RF power"> high frequency RF power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20frequency%20RF%20power" title=" low frequency RF power"> low frequency RF power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20deposition%20rate" title=" film deposition rate"> film deposition rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness%20uniformity" title=" thickness uniformity"> thickness uniformity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36353/study-of-fork-marks-on-sapphire-wafers-in-plasma-enhanced-chemical-vapor-deposition-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1711</span> Characterization of Inertial Confinement Fusion Targets Based on Transmission Holographic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Zare-Farsani">B. Zare-Farsani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Valieghbal"> M. Valieghbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tarkashvand"> M. Tarkashvand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20Farahbod"> A. H. Farahbod</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To provide the conditions for nuclear fusion by high energy and powerful laser beams, it is required to have a high degree of symmetry and surface uniformity of the spherical capsules to reduce the Rayleigh-Taylor hydrodynamic instabilities. In this paper, we have used the digital microscopic holography based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer to study the quality of targets for inertial fusion. The interferometric pattern of the target has been registered by a CCD camera and analyzed by Holovision software. The uniformity of the surface and shell thickness are investigated and measured in reconstructed image. We measured shell thickness in different zone where obtained non uniformity 22.82 percent.   <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertial%20confinement%20fusion" title="inertial confinement fusion">inertial confinement fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mach-zehnder%20interferometer" title=" mach-zehnder interferometer"> mach-zehnder interferometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20holographic%20microscopy" title=" digital holographic microscopy"> digital holographic microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20reconstruction" title=" image reconstruction"> image reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holovision" title=" holovision"> holovision</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45440/characterization-of-inertial-confinement-fusion-targets-based-on-transmission-holographic-mach-zehnder-interferometer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1710</span> Water Distribution Uniformity of Solid-Set Sprinkler Irrigation under Low Operating Pressure </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manal%20Osman">Manal Osman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sprinkler irrigation system became more popular to reduce water consumption and increase irrigation efficiency. The water distribution uniformity plays an important role in the performance of the sprinkler irrigation system. The use of low operating pressure instead of high operating pressure can be achieved many benefits including energy and water saving. An experimental study was performed to investigate the water distribution uniformity of the solid-set sprinkler irrigation system under low operating pressure. Different low operating pressures (62, 82, 102 and 122 kPa) were selected. The range of operating pressure was lower than the recommended in the previous studies to investigate the effect of low pressure on the water distribution uniformity. Different nozzle diameters (4, 5, 6 and 7 mm) were used. The outdoor single sprinkler test was performed. The water distribution of single sprinkler, the coefficients of uniformity such as coefficient of uniformity (CU), distribution uniformity of low quarter (DUlq), distribution uniformity of low half (DUlh), coefficient of variation (CV) and the distribution characteristics like rotation speed, throw radius and overlapping distance are presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20operating%20pressure" title="low operating pressure">low operating pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sprinkler%20irrigation%20system" title=" sprinkler irrigation system"> sprinkler irrigation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20distribution%20uniformity" title=" water distribution uniformity"> water distribution uniformity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7412/water-distribution-uniformity-of-solid-set-sprinkler-irrigation-under-low-operating-pressure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">589</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1709</span> Evaluation of Uniformity for Gafchromic Sheets for Film Dosimetry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fayzan%20Ahmed">Fayzan Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Bin%20Saeed"> Saad Bin Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Qadir%20Jangda"> Abdul Qadir Jangda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gafchromic™ sheet are extensively used for the QA of intensity modulated radiation therapy and other in-vivo dosimetry. Intra-sheet Non-uniformity of scanner as well as film causes undesirable fluctuations which are reflected in dosimetry The aim of this study is to define a systematic and robust method to investigate the intra-sheet uniformity of the unexposed Gafchromic Sheets and the region of interest (ROI) of the scanner. Sheets of lot No#: A05151201 were scanned before and after the expiry period with the EPSON™ XL10000 scanner in the transmission mode, landscape orientation and 72 dpi resolution. ROI of (8’x 10’ inches) equal to the sheet dimension in the center of the scanner is used to acquire images with full transmission, block transmission and with sheets in place. 500 virtual grids, created in MATALB® are imported as a macros in ImageJ (1.49m Wayne Rasband) to analyze the images. In order to remove the edge effects, the outer 86 grids are excluded from the analysis. The standard deviation of the block transmission and full transmission are 0.38% and 0.66% confirming a higher uniformity of the scanner. Expired and non-expired sheets have standard deviations of 2.18% and 1.29%, show that uniformity decreases after expiry. The results are promising and indicates a good potential of this method to be used as a uniformity check for scanner and unexposed Gafchromic sheets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IMRT" title="IMRT">IMRT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20dosimetry" title=" film dosimetry"> film dosimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20grids" title=" virtual grids"> virtual grids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniformity" title=" uniformity"> uniformity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24242/evaluation-of-uniformity-for-gafchromic-sheets-for-film-dosimetry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1708</span> A Simple Method for Evaluation of Uniformity for Gafchromic Sheets for Film Dosimetry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fayzan%20Ahmed">Fayzan Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Bin%20Saeed"> Saad Bin Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Qadir%20Jangda"> Abdul Qadir Jangda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gafchromic™ sheet are extensively used for the QA of intensity modulated radiation therapy and other in-vivo dosimetry. Intra-sheet Non-uniformity of scanner as well as film causes undesirable fluctuations which are reflected in dosimetry The aim of this study is to define a systematic and robust method to investigate the intra-sheet uniformity of the unexposed Gafchromic Sheets and the region of interest (ROI) of the scanner. Sheets of lot No#: A05151201 were scanned before and after the expiry period with the EPSON™ XL10000 scanner in the transmission mode, landscape orientation, and 72 dpi resolution. ROI of (8’x 10’ inches) equal to the sheet dimension in the center of the scanner is used to acquire images with full transmission, block transmission and with sheets in place. 500 virtual grids, created in MATALB® are imported as a macros in ImageJ (1.49m Wayne Rasband) to analyze the images. In order to remove the edge effects, the outer 86 grids are excluded from the analysis. The standard deviation of the block transmission and full transmission are 0.38% and 0.66% confirming a higher uniformity of the scanner. Expired and non-expired sheets have standard deviations of 2.18% and 1.29%, show that uniformity decreases after expiry. The results are promising and indicate a good potential of this method to be used as a uniformity check for scanner and unexposed Gafchromic sheets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IMRT" title="IMRT">IMRT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20dosimetry" title=" film dosimetry"> film dosimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20grids" title=" virtual grids"> virtual grids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniformity" title=" uniformity"> uniformity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24115/a-simple-method-for-evaluation-of-uniformity-for-gafchromic-sheets-for-film-dosimetry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1707</span> Study on Properties of Carbon-based Layer for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pei-Jung%20Wu">Pei-Jung Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Ying%20Huang"> Ching-Ying Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Chia%20Lin"> Chih-Chia Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Han%20Li"> Chun-Han Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Yuan%20Wang"> Chien-Yuan Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fuel cell market has considerable development potential, but the cost is still less competitive. Replacing the traditional graphite plate with a stainless steel plate as a bipolar plate can greatly reduce the weight and volume of the stack, and has more cost advantages. However, the passivation layer on the surface of stainless steel makes the contact resistance reach the ohmic level and reduces the performance of the fuel cell. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the interfacial contact resistance through the surface treatment. In this research, the thickness, uniformity, interfacial contact resistance (ICR), and adhesion of the carbon-based layer was analyzed. On the other hand, the effect of coating properties on the performance of the fuel cell was verified through I-V tests. The results show that after coating the contact resistance is greatly reduced by three stages to the microohm level, and as the film thickness is reduced, the contact resistance is reduced from 229~118 mΩ-cm² to 135~73 mΩ-cm² at a general assembly pressure of 1 to 2 MPa., and the current density at 0.6 V increased from 485.7 mA/cm² to 575.7 mA/cm². This study verifies the importance of the uniformity and ICR of the coating on proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and the surface coating technology is the key to affecting the characteristics of the coating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20resistance" title="contact resistance">contact resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20exchange%20membrane%20fuel%20cell" title=" proton exchange membrane fuel cell"> proton exchange membrane fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEMFC" title=" PEMFC"> PEMFC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SS%20bipolar%20plate" title=" SS bipolar plate"> SS bipolar plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20coating%20process" title=" spray coating process"> spray coating process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125941/study-on-properties-of-carbon-based-layer-for-proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cell-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1706</span> Exploiting Non-Uniform Utility of Computing: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnab%20Sarkar">Arnab Sarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Huang"> Michael Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuang%20Ren"> Chuang Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Li"> Jun Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing importance of computing in modern society has brought substantial growth in the demand for more computational power. In some problem domains such as scientific simulations, available computational power still sets a limit on what can be practically explored in computation. For many types of code, there is non-uniformity in the utility of computation. That is not every piece of computation contributes equally to the quality of the result. If this non-uniformity is understood well and exploited effectively, we can much more effectively utilize available computing power. In this paper, we discuss a case study of exploring such non-uniformity in a particle-in-cell simulation platform. We find both the existence of significant non-uniformity and that it is generally straightforward to exploit it. We show the potential of order-of-magnitude effective performance gain while keeping the comparable quality of output. We also discuss some challenges in both the practical application of the idea and evaluation of its impact. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approximate%20computing" title="approximate computing">approximate computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landau%20damping" title=" landau damping"> landau damping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20uniform%20utility%20computing" title=" non uniform utility computing"> non uniform utility computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle-in-cell" title=" particle-in-cell"> particle-in-cell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86032/exploiting-non-uniform-utility-of-computing-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1705</span> Effect of Wetting Layer on the Energy Spectrum of One-Electron Non-Uniform Quantum Ring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20A.%20Rodr%C3%ADguez-Prada">F. A. Rodríguez-Prada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W%20Gutierrez"> W Gutierrez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20D.%20Mikhailov"> I. D. Mikhailov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study the spectral properties of one-electron non-uniform crater-shaped quantum dot whose thickness is increased linearly with different slopes in different radial directions between the central hole and the outer border and which is deposited over thin wetting layer in the presence of the external vertically directed magnetic field. We show that in the adiabatic limit, when the crater thickness is much smaller than its lateral dimension, the one-particle wave functions of the electron confined in such structure in the zero magnetic field case can be found exactly in an analytical form and they can be used subsequently as the base functions in framework of the exact diagonalization method to study the effect of the wetting layer and an external magnetic field applied along of the grown axis on energy levels of one-electron non-uniform quantum dot. It is shown that both the structural non-uniformity and the increase of the thickness of the wetting layer provide a quenching of the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations of the lower energy levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20properties" title="electronic properties">electronic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20rings" title=" quantum rings"> quantum rings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volcano%20shaped" title=" volcano shaped"> volcano shaped</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetting%20layer" title=" wetting layer"> wetting layer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34102/effect-of-wetting-layer-on-the-energy-spectrum-of-one-electron-non-uniform-quantum-ring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1704</span> Leading Edge Vortex Development for a 65° Delta Wing with Varying Thickness and Maximum Thickness Locations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Stucke">Jana Stucke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sean%20Tuling"> Sean Tuling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Toomer"> Chris Toomer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on the numerical investigation of the leading edge vortex (LEV) development over a 65° swept delta wing with varying thickness and maximum thickness location and their impact on its overall performance. The tested configurations are defined by a 6% and 12 % thick biconvex aerofoil with maximum thickness location at 30% and 50% of the root chord. The results are compared to a flat plate delta wing configuration of 3.4% thickness. The largest differences are observed for the aerofoils of 12% thickness and are used to demonstrate the trends and aerodynamic characteristics from here on. It was found that the vortex structure changes with change with maximum thickness and overall thickness. This change leads to not only a reduction in lift but also in drag, especially when the maximum thickness is moved forward. The reduction in drag, however, outweighs the loss in lift thus increasing the overall performance of the configuration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delta%20wing" title=" delta wing"> delta wing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leading%20edge%20vortices" title=" leading edge vortices"> leading edge vortices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105022/leading-edge-vortex-development-for-a-65-delta-wing-with-varying-thickness-and-maximum-thickness-locations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1703</span> Hydraulic Performance of Three Types of Imported Drip Emitters Used in Gezira Clay Soils, Sudan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisham%20Mousa%20Mohammed%20Ahmed">Hisham Mousa Mohammed Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Wali%20Mohamed%20Salad"> Ahmed Wali Mohamed Salad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousif%20Hamed%20Dldom%20Gomaa"> Yousif Hamed Dldom Gomaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A drip or Trickle irrigation system is designed to apply a precise amount of water near the plant with a certain degree of uniformity. This study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, in March 2018. The study aimed to design and evaluate the hydraulic performance of three drip emitter types using: average discharge (Qavg), discharge variation (Qvar %), coefficient of uniformity (CU %), coefficient of manufacturer variation (CV %), distribution uniformity (DU %), statistical uniformity (Us %), clogging (%) wetted diameter (cm) and wetted depth (cm). The emitter types used are regular gauges (RG), high compensating pressure (HCP) and low compensating pressure (LCP). The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Results showed that there were significant differences (P≤0.05) in all tested parameters except clogging, wetted diameter and wetted depth. Discharge variation (Qvar %) values were 12.71, 15.57 and 19.17 for RG, LCP, and HCP, respectively. The variation is quite good and within the acceptable range. Results of coefficient of manufacture variation (CV %) were 10.9, 27.8 and 52.7 for RG, LCP and HCP, respectively. It is considered within the unacceptable range except for RG type, which is excellent. Statistical uniformity (Us %) values were 89.1, 72.2 and 45.7 for RG, LCP and HCP, respectively. It is considered good, acceptable and unacceptable, respectively. Results of the coefficient of uniformity (CU %) were 91.3, 77.7 and 56.7 for RG, LCP and HCP, respectively. It is considered excellent, fair and unacceptable, respectively. Distribution uniformity (DU %) was 90.2, 67.9 and 36.5 for RG, LCP and HCP, respectively. It is considered excellent, poor and poor, respectively. The study recommended regular gauges (RG) type emitters under the heavy clay soil conditions of the Gezira State, Sudan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drip%20irrigation" title="drip irrigation">drip irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniformity" title=" uniformity"> uniformity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clogging" title=" clogging"> clogging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient" title=" coefficient"> coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159799/hydraulic-performance-of-three-types-of-imported-drip-emitters-used-in-gezira-clay-soils-sudan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1702</span> The Impact of Financial Reporting on Sustainability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lynn%20Ruggieri">Lynn Ruggieri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The worldwide pandemic has only increased sustainability awareness. The public is demanding that businesses be held accountable for their impact on the environment. While financial data enjoys uniformity in reporting requirements, there are no uniform reporting requirements for non-financial data. Europe is leading the way with some standards being implemented for reporting non-financial sustainability data; however, there is no uniformity globally. And without uniformity, there is not a clear understanding of what information to include and how to disclose it. Sustainability reporting will provide important information to stakeholders and will enable businesses to understand their impact on the environment. Therefore, there is a crucial need for this data. This paper looks at the history of sustainability reporting in the countries of the European Union and throughout the world and makes a case for worldwide reporting requirements for sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20reporting" title="financial reporting">financial reporting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-financial%20data" title=" non-financial data"> non-financial data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20financial%20reporting" title=" global financial reporting"> global financial reporting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144810/the-impact-of-financial-reporting-on-sustainability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1701</span> The Effect of Particle Temperature on the Thickness of Thermally Sprayed Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jalali%20Azizpour">M. Jalali Azizpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.Mohammadi%20Majd"> H.Mohammadi Majd </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the effect of WC-12Co particle Temperature in HVOF thermal spraying process on the coating thickness has been studied. The statistical results show that the spray distance and oxygen-to-fuel ratio are more effective factors on particle characterization and thickness of HVOF thermal spraying coatings. Spray Watch diagnostic system, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and thickness measuring system were used for this purpose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVOF" title="HVOF">HVOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness" title=" thickness"> thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity" title=" velocity"> velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WC-12Co" title=" WC-12Co "> WC-12Co </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15001/the-effect-of-particle-temperature-on-the-thickness-of-thermally-sprayed-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1700</span> The Effect of Impinging WC-12Co Particles Temperature on Thickness of HVOF Thermally Sprayed Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jalali%20Azizpour">M. Jalali Azizpour </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the effect of WC-12Co particle Temperature in HVOF thermal spraying process on the coating thickness has been studied. The statistical results show that the spray distance and oxygen-to-fuel ratio are more effective factors on particle characterization and thickness of HVOF thermal spraying coatings. Spray Watch diagnostic system, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and thickness measuring system were used for this purpose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVOF" title="HVOF">HVOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20thickness" title=" temperature thickness"> temperature thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity" title=" velocity"> velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WC-12Co" title=" WC-12Co "> WC-12Co </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6744/the-effect-of-impinging-wc-12co-particles-temperature-on-thickness-of-hvof-thermally-sprayed-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1699</span> Investigation of the Cooling and Uniformity Effectiveness in a Sinter Packed Bed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uzu-Kuei%20Hsu">Uzu-Kuei Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang-Hsien%20Tai"> Chang-Hsien Tai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai-Wun%20Jin"> Kai-Wun Jin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When sinters are filled into the cooler from the sintering machine, and the non-uniform distribution of the sinters leads to uneven cooling. This causes the temperature difference of the sinters leaving the cooler to be so large that it results in the conveyors being deformed by the heat. The present work applies CFD method to investigate the thermo flowfield phenomena in a sinter cooler by the Porous Media Model. Using the obtained experimental data to simulate porosity (Ε), permeability (κ), inertial coefficient (F), specific heat (Cp) and effective thermal conductivity (keff) of the sinter packed beds. The physical model is a similar geometry whose Darcy numbers (Da) are similar to the sinter cooler. Using the Cooling Index (CI) and Uniformity Index (UI) to analyze the thermo flowfield in the sinter packed bed obtains the cooling performance of the sinter cooler. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20media" title="porous media">porous media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sinter" title=" sinter"> sinter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20index%20%28CI%29" title=" cooling index (CI)"> cooling index (CI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniformity%20index%20%28UI%29" title=" uniformity index (UI)"> uniformity index (UI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49499/investigation-of-the-cooling-and-uniformity-effectiveness-in-a-sinter-packed-bed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1698</span> Investigation of the Flow Characteristics in a Catalytic Muffler with Perforated Inlet Cone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyo%20Woo%20Lee">Gyo Woo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Young%20Kim"> Man Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emission regulations for diesel engines are being strengthened and it is impossible to meet the standards without exhaust after-treatment systems. Lack of the space in many diesel vehicles, however, make it difficult to design and install stand-alone catalytic converters such as DOC, DPF, and SCR in the vehicle exhaust systems. Accordingly, those have been installed inside the muffler to save the space, and referred to the catalytic muffler. However, that has complex internal structure with perforated plate and pipe for noise and monolithic catalyst for emission reduction. For this reason, flow uniformity and pressure drop, which affect efficiency of catalyst and engine performance, respectively, should be examined when the catalytic muffler is designed. In this work, therefore, the flow uniformity and pressure drop to improve the performance of the catalytic converter and the engine have been numerically investigated by changing various design parameters such as inlet shape, porosity, and outlet shape of the muffler using the three-dimensional turbulent flow of the incompressible, non-reacting, and steady state inside the catalytic muffler. Finally, it can be found that the shape, in which the muffler has perforated pipe inside the inlet part, has higher uniformity index and lower pressure drop than others considered in this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20muffler" title="catalytic muffler">catalytic muffler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforated%20inlet%20cone" title=" perforated inlet cone"> perforated inlet cone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysts" title=" catalysts"> catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforated%20pipe" title=" perforated pipe"> perforated pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20uniformity" title=" flow uniformity"> flow uniformity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20drop" title=" pressure drop"> pressure drop</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8517/investigation-of-the-flow-characteristics-in-a-catalytic-muffler-with-perforated-inlet-cone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1697</span> Effect of Thickness and Solidity on the Performance of Straight Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianyang%20Zhu">Jianyang Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Jiang"> Lin Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tixian%20Tian"> Tixian Tian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inspired by the increasing interesting on the wind power associated with production of clear electric power, a numerical experiment is applied to investigate the aerodynamic performance of straight type vertical axis wind turbine with different thickness and solidity, where the incompressible Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations coupled with dynamic mesh technique is solved. By analyzing the flow field, as well as energy coefficient of different thickness and solidity turbine, it is found that the thickness and solidity can significantly influence the performance of vertical axis wind turbine. For the turbine under low tip speed, the mean energy coefficient increase with the increasing of thickness and solidity, which may improve the self starting performance of the turbine. However for the turbine under high tip speed, the appropriate thickness and smaller solidity turbine possesses better performance. In addition, delay stall and no interaction of the blade and previous separated vortex are observed around appropriate thickness and solidity turbine, therefore lead better performance characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20axis%20wind%20turbine" title="vertical axis wind turbine">vertical axis wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N-S%20equations" title=" N-S equations"> N-S equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20mesh%20technique" title=" dynamic mesh technique"> dynamic mesh technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness" title=" thickness"> thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solidity" title=" solidity"> solidity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54216/effect-of-thickness-and-solidity-on-the-performance-of-straight-type-vertical-axis-wind-turbine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1696</span> Optimization of Urea Water Solution Injector for NH3 Uniformity Improvement in Urea-SCR System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoungwoo%20Park">Kyoungwoo Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gil%20Dong%20Kim"> Gil Dong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong%20Joon%20Moon"> Seong Joon Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho%20Kil%20Lee"> Ho Kil Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Urea-SCR is one of the most efficient technologies to reduce NOx emissions in diesel engines. In the present work, the computational prediction of internal flow and spray characteristics in the Urea-SCR system was carried out by using 3D-CFD simulation to evaluate NH3 uniformity index (NH3 UI) and its activation time according to the official New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The number of nozzle and its diameter, two types of injection directions, and penetration length were chosen as the design variables. The optimal solutions were obtained by coupling the CFD analysis with Taguchi method. The L16 orthogonal array and small-the-better characteristics of the Taguchi method were used, and the optimal values were confirmed to be valid with 95% confidence and 5% significance level through analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show that the optimal solutions for the NH3 UI and activation time (NH3 UI 0.22) are obtained by 0.41 and 0,125 second, respectively, and their values are improved by 85.0% and 10.7%, respectively, compared with those of the base model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NH3%20uniformity%20index" title=" NH3 uniformity index"> NH3 uniformity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method"> Taguchi method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urea-SCR%20system" title=" Urea-SCR system"> Urea-SCR system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UWS%20injector" title=" UWS injector"> UWS injector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53096/optimization-of-urea-water-solution-injector-for-nh3-uniformity-improvement-in-urea-scr-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1695</span> Effect of Welding Parameters on Penetration and Bead Width for Variable Plate Thickness in Submerged Arc Welding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harish%20K.%20Arya">Harish K. Arya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kulwant%20Singh"> Kulwant Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Saxena"> R. K. Saxena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The heat flow in weldment changes its nature from 2D to 3D with the increase in plate thickness. For welding of thicker plates the heat loss in thickness direction increases the cooling rate of plate. Since the cooling rate changes, the various bead parameters like bead penetration, bead height and bead width also got affected by it. The present study incorporates the effect of variable plate thickness on penetration and bead width. The penetration reduces with increase in plate thickness due to heat loss in thickness direction for same heat input, while bead width increases for thicker plate due to faster cooling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submerged%20arc%20welding" title="submerged arc welding">submerged arc welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20thickness" title=" plate thickness"> plate thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bead%20geometry" title=" bead geometry"> bead geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20rate" title=" cooling rate"> cooling rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33595/effect-of-welding-parameters-on-penetration-and-bead-width-for-variable-plate-thickness-in-submerged-arc-welding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1694</span> Modification of Four Layer through the Thickness Woven Structure for Improved Impact Resistance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Liaqat">Muhammad Liaqat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Abdul%20Samad"> Hafiz Abdul Samad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Talha%20Ali%20Hamdani"> Syed Talha Ali Hamdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasir%20Nawab"> Yasir Nawab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current research, the four layers, orthogonal through the thickness, 2D woven, 3D fabric structure was modified to improve the impact resistance of 3D fabric reinforced composites. This was achieved by imparting the auxeticity into four layers through the thickness woven structure. A comparison was made between the standard and modified four layers through the thickness woven structure in terms of auxeticity, penetration and impact resistance. It was found that the modified structure showed auxeticity in both warp and weft direction. It was also found that the penetration resistance of modified sample was less as compared to the standard structure, but impact resistance was improved up to 6.7% of modified four layers through the thickness woven structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20woven" title="2D woven">2D woven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20fabrics" title=" 3D fabrics"> 3D fabrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auxetic" title=" auxetic"> auxetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20resistance" title=" impact resistance"> impact resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20through%20the%20thickness" title=" orthogonal through the thickness"> orthogonal through the thickness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55359/modification-of-four-layer-through-the-thickness-woven-structure-for-improved-impact-resistance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1693</span> Effect of Welding Parameters on Dilution and Bead Height for Variable Plate Thickness in Submerged Arc Welding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harish%20Kumar%20Arya">Harish Kumar Arya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kulwant%20Singh"> Kulwant Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K%20Saxena"> R. K Saxena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepti%20Jaiswal"> Deepti Jaiswal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The heat flow in weldment changes its nature from 2D to 3D with the increase in plate thickness. For welding of thicker plates the heat loss in thickness direction increases the cooling rate of plate. Since the cooling rate changes, the various bead parameters like bead penetration, bead height and bead width also got affected by it. The present study incorporates the effect of variable plate thickness on bead geometry and dilution. The penetration reduces with increase in plate thickness due to heat loss in thickness direction, while bead width and reinforcement increases for thicker plate due to faster cooling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submerged%20arc%20welding" title="submerged arc welding">submerged arc welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20thickness" title=" plate thickness"> plate thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bead%20geometry" title=" bead geometry"> bead geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20rate" title=" cooling rate"> cooling rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34968/effect-of-welding-parameters-on-dilution-and-bead-height-for-variable-plate-thickness-in-submerged-arc-welding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1692</span> The Creep Analysis of a Varying Thickness on a Rotating Composite Disk with Different Particle Size by Using Sherby’s Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rupinder%20Kaur">Rupinder Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harjot%20Kaur"> Harjot Kaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this paper is to present the study of the effect of varying thickness on rotating composite disks made from Al-SiC_P having different particle sizes. Mathematical modeling is used to calculate the effect of varying thickness with different particle sizes on rotating composite disks in radial as well as tangential directions with thermal gradients. In comparison to various particle sizes with varied thicknesses, long-term deformation occurs. The results are displayed visually, demonstrating how creep deformation decreases with changing particle size and thickness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep" title="creep">creep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varying%20thickness" title=" varying thickness"> varying thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size" title=" particle size"> particle size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stresses%20and%20strain%20rates" title=" stresses and strain rates"> stresses and strain rates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173915/the-creep-analysis-of-a-varying-thickness-on-a-rotating-composite-disk-with-different-particle-size-by-using-sherbys-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1691</span> Rock Thickness Measurement by Using Self-Excited Acoustical System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janusz%20Kwa%C5%9Bniewski">Janusz Kwaśniewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ireneusz%20Dominik"> Ireneusz Dominik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krzysztof%20Lalik"> Krzysztof Lalik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The knowledge about rock layers thickness, especially above drilled mining pavements are crucial for workers safety. The measuring systems used nowadays are generally imperfect and there is a strong demand for improvement. The application of a new type of a measurement system called Self-Excited Acoustical System is presented in the paper. The system was applied until now to monitor stress changes in metal and concrete constructions. The change in measurement methodology resulted in possibility of measuring the thickness of the rocks above the tunnels as well as thickness of a singular rock layer. The idea is to find two resonance frequencies of the self-exited system, which consists of a vibration exciter and vibration receiver placed at a distance, which are coupled with a proper power amplifier, and which operate in a closed loop with a positive feedback. The resonance with the higher amplitude determines thickness of the whole rock, whereas the lower amplitude resonance indicates thickness of a singular layer. The results of the laboratory tests conducted on a group of different rock materials are also presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto-oscillator" title="auto-oscillator">auto-oscillator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-destructive%20testing" title=" non-destructive testing"> non-destructive testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20thickness%20measurement" title=" rock thickness measurement"> rock thickness measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnic" title=" geotechnic"> geotechnic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2627/rock-thickness-measurement-by-using-self-excited-acoustical-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1690</span> Measures for Daylight Quality and Classroom Design: Impacts on Visual Comfort and Performance in Hot Climates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Freewan">Ahmed A. Freewan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current research explored the quality of daylight and classroom visual environments and their impact on human performance and visual comfort in hot climates like Jordan. The research used multiple methods, including real experiments, simulation, focus groups and questionnaires. Therefore, seven different designs and visual environments have been implemented in south-facing classrooms with high WWR in recently constructed modern schools in Jordan. These visual environments have been created by applying various innovative shading systems in the seven classrooms to enable real interaction with the users of these spaces: students and teachers. The main aims of the research were to introduce distinct measures for daylight quality and to expand the scope of daylight studies in schools by connecting directly with students and teachers through focus groups or questionnaires. The main findings of this research showed the importance of studying uniformity not only across the entire classroom but also in different zones in relation to the windows and the front wall where the whiteboard is located, and the teacher stands. Moreover, it has been found that uniformity analysis in classrooms extends beyond just the horizontal plane, encompassing the relationship with the illuminance level on the front wall as well. Study the fenestration design impact on critical function requirements in addition to studying the dynamic of daylight over time, especially glare, uniformity and veiling reflection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daylight" title="daylight">daylight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniformity" title=" uniformity"> uniformity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WWR" title=" WWR"> WWR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovative%20shading%20systems" title=" innovative shading systems"> innovative shading systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188988/measures-for-daylight-quality-and-classroom-design-impacts-on-visual-comfort-and-performance-in-hot-climates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">37</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1689</span> Cleaning Performance of High-Frequency, High-Intensity 360 kHz Frequency Operating in Thickness Mode Transducers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Vetrimurugan">R. Vetrimurugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terry%20Lim"> Terry Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Goodson"> M. J. Goodson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Nagarajan"> R. Nagarajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the cleaning performance of high intensity 360 kHz frequency on the removal of nano-dimensional and sub-micron particles from various surfaces, uniformity of the cleaning tank and run to run variation of cleaning process. The uniformity of the cleaning tank was measured by two different methods i.e 1. ppbTM meter and 2. Liquid Particle Counting (LPC) technique. In the second method, aluminium metal spacer components was placed at various locations of the cleaning tank (such as centre, top left corner, bottom left corner, top right corner, bottom right corner) and the resultant particles removed by 360 kHz frequency was measured. The result indicates that the energy was distributed more uniformly throughout the entire cleaning vessel even at the corners and edges of the tank when megasonic sweeping technology is applied. The result also shows that rinsing the parts with 360 kHz frequency at final rinse gives lower particle counts, hence higher cleaning efficiency as compared to other frequencies. When megasonic sweeping technology is applied each piezoelectric transducers will operate at their optimum resonant frequency and generates stronger acoustic cavitational force and higher acoustic streaming velocity. These combined forces are helping to enhance the particle removal and at the same time improve the overall cleaning performance. The multiple extractions study was also carried out for various frequencies to measure the cleaning potential and asymptote value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20distribution" title="power distribution">power distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=megasonic%20sweeping" title=" megasonic sweeping"> megasonic sweeping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitation%20intensity" title=" cavitation intensity"> cavitation intensity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20removal" title=" particle removal"> particle removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20particle%20counting" title=" laser particle counting"> laser particle counting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano" title=" nano"> nano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submicron" title=" submicron"> submicron</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23901/cleaning-performance-of-high-frequency-high-intensity-360-khz-frequency-operating-in-thickness-mode-transducers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1688</span> Aerodynamic Design of Three-Dimensional Bellmouth for Low-Speed Open-Circuit Wind Tunnel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harshavardhan%20Reddy">Harshavardhan Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balaji%20Subramanian"> Balaji Subramanian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A systematic parametric study to find the optimum bellmouth profile by relating geometric and performance parameters to satisfy a set of specifications is reported. A careful aerodynamic design of bellmouth intake is critical to properly direct the flow with minimal losses and maximal flow uniformity into the honeycomb located inside the settling chamber of an indraft wind tunnel, thus improving the efficiency of the entire unit. Design charts for elliptically profiled bellmouths with two different contraction ratios (9 and 18) and three different test section speeds (25 m/s, 50 m/s, and 75 m/s) were presented. A significant performance improvement - especially in the Coefficient of discharge and in the flow angularity and boundary layer thickness at the honeycomb inlet - was observed when an entry corner radius (r/D = 0.08) was added to the bellmouth profile. The nonuniformity at the honeycomb inlet drops by about three times (~1% to 0.3%) when moving from square to regular octagonal cross-section. An octagonal cross-sectioned bellmouth intake with L/d = 0.55, D/d = 1.625, and r/D = 0.08 met all the four target performance specifications and is proposed as the best choice for a low-speed wind tunnel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bellmouth%20intake" title="bellmouth intake">bellmouth intake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-speed%20wind%20tunnel" title=" low-speed wind tunnel"> low-speed wind tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20discharge" title=" coefficient of discharge"> coefficient of discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonuniformity" title=" nonuniformity"> nonuniformity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20angularity" title=" flow angularity"> flow angularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20layer%20thickness" title=" boundary layer thickness"> boundary layer thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title=" aerodynamics"> aerodynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152208/aerodynamic-design-of-three-dimensional-bellmouth-for-low-speed-open-circuit-wind-tunnel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1687</span> FEM Investigation of Inhomogeneous Wall Thickness Backward Extrusion for Aerosol Can Manufacturing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jemal%20Ebrahim%20Dessie">Jemal Ebrahim Dessie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zsolt%20Lukacs"> Zsolt Lukacs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wall of the aerosol can is extruded from the backward extrusion process. Necking is another forming process stage developed on the can shoulder after the backward extrusion process. Due to the thinner thickness of the wall, buckling is the critical challenge for current pure aluminum aerosol can industries. Design and investigation of extrusion with inhomogeneous wall thickness could be the best solution for reducing and optimization of neck retraction numbers. FEM simulation of inhomogeneous wall thickness has been simulated through this investigation. From axisymmetric Deform-2D backward extrusion, an aerosol can with a thickness of 0.4 mm at the top and 0.33 mm at the bottom of the aerosol can have been developed. As the result, it can optimize the number of retractions of the necking process and manufacture defect-free aerosol can shoulder due to the necking process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosol%20can" title="aerosol can">aerosol can</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backward%20extrusion" title=" backward extrusion"> backward extrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deform-2D" title=" Deform-2D"> Deform-2D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=necking" title=" necking"> necking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135808/fem-investigation-of-inhomogeneous-wall-thickness-backward-extrusion-for-aerosol-can-manufacturing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1686</span> 3D Modelling of Fluid Flow in Tunnel Kilns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaber%20H.%20Almutairi">Jaber H. Almutairi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hosny%20Z.%20Abou-Ziyan"> Hosny Z. Abou-Ziyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Issa%20F.%20Almesri"> Issa F. Almesri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosab%20A.%20Alrahmani"> Mosab A. Alrahmani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work investigates the behavior of fluid flow inside tunnel kilns using 3D-CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations. The CFD simulations are carried out with the FLUENT software and validated against experimental results on fluid flow and heat transfer in tunnel kilns. A grid dependency study is conducted in the current work to improve the accuracy of the results. Three turbulence models k–ω, standard k–ε, and RNG k–ε are tested where k–ω model gives the best results in comparison with the experiment. The numerical results reveal an intriguing phenomenon where a long flow separation zone behind the setting is observed under different geometric and operation conditions. It was found that the uniformity of flow distribution can be substantially improved by rearranging the geometrical parameters of brick setting relative to kiln/setting. This improvement of flow distribution plays a critical role to enhance the quality and quantity of the production. It can be concluded that a better design and operation of tunnel kilns in terms of productivity and energy consumption can be obtained by taking into consideration the flow uniformity inside the tunnel kilns using CFD modelling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel%20kilns" title="tunnel kilns">tunnel kilns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20separation" title=" flow separation"> flow separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20uniformity" title=" flow uniformity"> flow uniformity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62902/3d-modelling-of-fluid-flow-in-tunnel-kilns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1685</span> Aerodynamic Design of Axisymmetric Supersonic Nozzle Used by an Optimization Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mojtahedpoor">Mohammad Mojtahedpoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, it has been studied the method of optimal design of the supersonic nozzle. It could make viscous axisymmetric nozzles that the quality of their outlet flow is quite desired. In this method, it is optimized the divergent nozzle, at first. The initial divergent nozzle contour is designed through the method of characteristics and adding a suitable boundary layer to the inviscid contour. After that, it is made a proper grid and then simulated flow by the numerical solution and AUSM+ method by using the operation boundary condition. At the end, solution outputs are investigated and optimized. The numerical method has been validated with experimental results. Also, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the present method, the nozzles compared with the previous studies. The comparisons show that the nozzles obtained through this method are sufficiently better in some conditions, such as the flow uniformity, size of the boundary layer, and obtained an axial length of the nozzle. Designing the convergent nozzle part affects by flow uniformity through changing its axial length and input diameter. The results show that increasing the length of the convergent part improves the output flow uniformity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nozzle" title="nozzle">nozzle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supersonic" title=" supersonic"> supersonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characteristic%20method" title=" characteristic method"> characteristic method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143078/aerodynamic-design-of-axisymmetric-supersonic-nozzle-used-by-an-optimization-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1684</span> Ni-B Coating Production on Magnesium Alloy by Electroless Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferhat%20B%C3%BClb%C3%BCl">Ferhat Bülbül</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of magnesium alloys is limited due to their susceptibility to corrosion although they have many attractive physical and mechanical properties. To increase mechanical and corrosion properties of these alloys, many deposition method and coating types are used. Electroless Ni–B coatings have received considerable interest recently due to its unique properties such as cost-effectiveness, thickness uniformity, good wear resistance, lubricity, good ductility and corrosion resistance, excellent solderability and electrical properties and antibacterial property. In this study, electroless Ni-B coating could been deposited on AZ91 magnesium alloy. The obtained coating exhibited an amorphous and rougher structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium" title="magnesium">magnesium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroless%20Ni%E2%80%93B" title=" electroless Ni–B"> electroless Ni–B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title=" X-ray diffraction"> X-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amorphous" title=" amorphous"> amorphous</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31672/ni-b-coating-production-on-magnesium-alloy-by-electroless-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1683</span> Dynamic Analysis of Composite Doubly Curved Panels with Variable Thickness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Algul">I. Algul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Akgun"> G. Akgun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Kurtaran"> H. Kurtaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dynamic analysis of composite doubly curved panels with variable thickness subjected to different pulse types using Generalized Differential Quadrature method (GDQ) is presented in this study. Panels with variable thickness are used in the construction of aerospace and marine industry. Giving variable thickness to panels can allow the designer to get optimum structural efficiency. For this reason, estimating the response of variable thickness panels is very important to design more reliable structures under dynamic loads. Dynamic equations for composite panels with variable thickness are obtained using virtual work principle. Partial derivatives in the equation of motion are expressed with GDQ and Newmark average acceleration scheme is used for temporal discretization. Several examples are used to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results are compared with finite element method. Effects of taper ratios, boundary conditions and loading type on the response of composite panel are investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20quadrature%20method" title="differential quadrature method">differential quadrature method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doubly%20curved%20panels" title=" doubly curved panels"> doubly curved panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminated%20composite%20materials" title=" laminated composite materials"> laminated composite materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20displacement" title=" small displacement"> small displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74965/dynamic-analysis-of-composite-doubly-curved-panels-with-variable-thickness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness%20uniformity&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness%20uniformity&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness%20uniformity&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness%20uniformity&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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