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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Point_break"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Point break</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Point_break-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beach_break" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beach_break"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Beach break</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beach_break-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reef_break" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reef_break"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Reef break</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reef_break-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shipwreck_break" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shipwreck_break"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Shipwreck break</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shipwreck_break-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shore_break" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shore_break"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Shore break</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shore_break-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivermouth_break" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivermouth_break"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Rivermouth break</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivermouth_break-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jetty_break" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jetty_break"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Jetty break</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jetty_break-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outer_banks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outer_banks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Outer banks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outer_banks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tidal_bore_breaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tidal_bore_breaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Tidal bore breaks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tidal_bore_breaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standing_river_breaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standing_river_breaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Standing river breaks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standing_river_breaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artificial_wave_pools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artificial_wave_pools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Artificial wave pools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artificial_wave_pools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_surfable_waves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_surfable_waves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types of surfable waves</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_surfable_waves-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of surfable waves subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_surfable_waves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Swell_waves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swell_waves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Swell waves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swell_waves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wind_waves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wind_waves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Wind waves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wind_waves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ship_waves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ship_waves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ship waves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ship_waves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tsunami_waves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tsunami_waves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Tsunami waves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tsunami_waves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glacial_calving_waves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glacial_calving_waves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Glacial calving waves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glacial_calving_waves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storm_surges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storm_surges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Storm surges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storm_surges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Backwash_and_sidewash_waves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backwash_and_sidewash_waves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Backwash and sidewash waves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backwash_and_sidewash_waves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standing_river_waves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standing_river_waves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Standing river waves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standing_river_waves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tidal_bore_waves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tidal_bore_waves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Tidal bore waves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tidal_bore_waves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artificial_wave_pool_waves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artificial_wave_pool_waves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Artificial wave pool waves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artificial_wave_pool_waves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Human influence</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Human_influence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Human influence subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Human_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Construction_of_jetties_and_groynes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_of_jetties_and_groynes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Construction of jetties and groynes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_of_jetties_and_groynes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_of_artificial_harbors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_of_artificial_harbors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Construction of artificial harbors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_of_artificial_harbors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shipwrecks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shipwrecks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Shipwrecks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shipwrecks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sand_dredging_and_dumping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sand_dredging_and_dumping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Sand dredging and dumping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sand_dredging_and_dumping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artificial_reef_breaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artificial_reef_breaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Artificial reef breaks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artificial_reef_breaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artificial_wave_pools_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artificial_wave_pools_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Artificial wave pools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artificial_wave_pools_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artificial_standing_waves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artificial_standing_waves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Artificial standing waves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artificial_standing_waves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reef_bombing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reef_bombing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Reef bombing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reef_bombing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_and_stabilization_of_sand_dunes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_and_stabilization_of_sand_dunes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Development and stabilization of sand dunes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_and_stabilization_of_sand_dunes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect_of_climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_of_climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Effect of climate change</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Effect_of_climate_change-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Effect of climate change subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Effect_of_climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rising_sea_levels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rising_sea_levels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Rising sea levels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rising_sea_levels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ocean_Currents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ocean_Currents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Ocean Currents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ocean_Currents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Storms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Swells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Swells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coral_reef_degradation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coral_reef_degradation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Coral reef degradation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coral_reef_degradation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ocean_acidification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ocean_acidification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Ocean acidification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ocean_acidification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Actions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Surf break</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shore_break" title="Shore break – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shore break" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerai_luncur" title="Lerai luncur – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lerai luncur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pico_de_surf" title="Pico de surf – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pico de surf" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Breakwater_(structure)" title="Breakwater (structure)">Breakwater (structure)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Beach break" redirects here. For the All Elite Wrestling event, see <a href="/wiki/AEW_Beach_Break" title="AEW Beach Break">AEW Beach Break</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Point break" redirects here. For the 1991 film, see <a href="/wiki/Point_Break" title="Point Break">Point Break</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oahu_North_Shore_surfing_hand_drag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Oahu_North_Shore_surfing_hand_drag.jpg/300px-Oahu_North_Shore_surfing_hand_drag.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Oahu_North_Shore_surfing_hand_drag.jpg/450px-Oahu_North_Shore_surfing_hand_drag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Oahu_North_Shore_surfing_hand_drag.jpg/600px-Oahu_North_Shore_surfing_hand_drag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Surfing a break in <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oahu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>surf break</b> (also <b>break</b>, <b>shore break</b>, or <b>big wave break</b><sup id="cite_ref-bigwave_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bigwave-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a permanent (or semi-permanent) obstruction such as a <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">shoal</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Headland" title="Headland">headland</a> that causes a <a href="/wiki/Wind_wave" title="Wind wave">wave</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wind_wave#Wave_breaking" title="Wind wave">break</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-names_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-names-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forming a <a href="/wiki/Barreling_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Barreling wave">barreling wave</a> or other wave that can be <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfed</a>, before it eventually collapses. The <a href="/wiki/Bathymetry" title="Bathymetry">topography of the seabed</a> determines the shape of the wave and type of break. Since shoals can change size and location, affecting the break, it takes commitment and skill to find good breaks. Some surf breaks are quite dangerous, since the surfer can collide with a reef or rocks below the water. </p><p>Surf breaks may be defended vehemently by surfers, as human activities and constructions can have unintended and unpredictable consequences on the quality of the break. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are numerous types of surf breaks. These are defined as permanent or semi permanent obstructions that causes a wave to break, rather than by the nature of the wave itself (see under 'Types of surfable waves' below). </p><p>Artificial wave pools are an example of technology changing what is considered a 'surf break' or 'surfable wave'. </p><p>Some 'surf break' locations may be partly or wholly formed and influenced by human activities (see under 'Human influence on surf breaks' below). These effects are variable and may be either negative or positive with respect to the effect on local surf quality. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Point_break">Point break</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Point break"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"point break" redirects here. For the film, see <a href="/wiki/Point_Break" title="Point Break">Point Break</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palm_Beach_Qld_Surf_Life_Saving_Club_-_Palm_Beach_member_surfing_Currumbin_Alley_1950s_-_Photo_Robert_McPherson_IMG_0017_(4)_-_Copy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Palm_Beach_Qld_Surf_Life_Saving_Club_-_Palm_Beach_member_surfing_Currumbin_Alley_1950s_-_Photo_Robert_McPherson_IMG_0017_%284%29_-_Copy.jpg/220px-Palm_Beach_Qld_Surf_Life_Saving_Club_-_Palm_Beach_member_surfing_Currumbin_Alley_1950s_-_Photo_Robert_McPherson_IMG_0017_%284%29_-_Copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Palm_Beach_Qld_Surf_Life_Saving_Club_-_Palm_Beach_member_surfing_Currumbin_Alley_1950s_-_Photo_Robert_McPherson_IMG_0017_%284%29_-_Copy.jpg/330px-Palm_Beach_Qld_Surf_Life_Saving_Club_-_Palm_Beach_member_surfing_Currumbin_Alley_1950s_-_Photo_Robert_McPherson_IMG_0017_%284%29_-_Copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Palm_Beach_Qld_Surf_Life_Saving_Club_-_Palm_Beach_member_surfing_Currumbin_Alley_1950s_-_Photo_Robert_McPherson_IMG_0017_%284%29_-_Copy.jpg/440px-Palm_Beach_Qld_Surf_Life_Saving_Club_-_Palm_Beach_member_surfing_Currumbin_Alley_1950s_-_Photo_Robert_McPherson_IMG_0017_%284%29_-_Copy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1746" data-file-height="1261" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Currumbin_Alley" title="Currumbin Alley">Currumbin Alley</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A point break refers to the place where waves hit a point of land or rocks jutting out from the <a href="/wiki/Coastline" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastline">coastline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oosterhof_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oosterhof-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bells_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Bells Beach">Bells Beach</a> in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jardim_do_Mar" title="Jardim do Mar">Jardim do Mar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> are examples of point breaks. </p><p>They can break either left or right, and in rare cases forms a central peak which breaks both ways around a central headland (e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Punta_Rocas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punta Rocas (page does not exist)">Punta Rocas</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punta_Rocas" class="extiw" title="es:Punta Rocas">es</a>]</span> beach in the <a href="/wiki/Punta_Negra_District" title="Punta Negra District">Punta Negra District</a> of Peru). The bottom can be made of rocks, sand, or coral. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beach_break">Beach break</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Beach break"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beach_break" class="extiw" title="wikt:beach break">beach break</a> takes place where waves break on a usually sandy seabed. An example of a classic beach break is <a href="/wiki/Hossegor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hossegor">Hossegor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_France" title="Southern France">Southern France</a>, which is famous for waves of up to 6 m (20 ft). </p><p>Sometimes 'beaches' can contain little or no sand, and the 'beach' bottom may be only rock or boulders and pebbles. A 'boulder beach' is an example.<sup id="cite_ref-Oosterhof_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oosterhof-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reef_break">Reef break</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reef break"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cloudbreak_-_panoramio_-_dave.fin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Cloudbreak_-_panoramio_-_dave.fin.jpg/220px-Cloudbreak_-_panoramio_-_dave.fin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Cloudbreak_-_panoramio_-_dave.fin.jpg/330px-Cloudbreak_-_panoramio_-_dave.fin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Cloudbreak_-_panoramio_-_dave.fin.jpg/440px-Cloudbreak_-_panoramio_-_dave.fin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cloudbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloudbreak">Cloudbreak</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reef_break" class="extiw" title="wikt:reef break">reef break</a> happens when a wave breaks over a <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a> or a rocky seabed. Examples are <a href="/wiki/Cloudbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloudbreak">Cloudbreak</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jaws_(beach)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaws (beach)">Jaws</a> in Maui.<sup id="cite_ref-Oosterhof_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oosterhof-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A reef break may occur close to the shore, or well offshore from the shoreline, breaking in open ocean and petering out before the wave reaches the shore. Examples include Queenscliff Bommie in Australia and Dungeons in South Africa. In Australia these open ocean reefs are sometimes called Bombora or 'Bommie' waves, after the aboriginal word for offshore reef, 'bombora'. Sometimes reefs which occur in open ocean but which do not breach the surface are also called 'Banks'. The Cortes Bank off California is an example. </p><p>There are also examples of human-made reefs specifically designed and made for surfing. Some artificial harbours also create new reef break waves. Examples include Newcastle Harbour in Australia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shipwreck_break">Shipwreck break</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Shipwreck break"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SS_Monte_Carlo_Shipwreck_2010-01-30.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/SS_Monte_Carlo_Shipwreck_2010-01-30.jpg/220px-SS_Monte_Carlo_Shipwreck_2010-01-30.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/SS_Monte_Carlo_Shipwreck_2010-01-30.jpg/330px-SS_Monte_Carlo_Shipwreck_2010-01-30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/SS_Monte_Carlo_Shipwreck_2010-01-30.jpg/440px-SS_Monte_Carlo_Shipwreck_2010-01-30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SS_Monte_Carlo" title="SS Monte Carlo">SS <i>Monte Carlo</i></a> </figcaption></figure> <p>A "Shipwreck break" usually forms from sand built up over submerged or partly submerged shipwrecks. They may be either temporary or more or less permanent, depending on whether the wreck remains in place for a significant period. </p><p>Examples occur at the <a href="/wiki/SS_Monte_Carlo" title="SS Monte Carlo">SS <i>Monte Carlo</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Strand_(San_Diego)" title="Silver Strand (San Diego)">Silver Strand</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wreck_(surf_spot)" title="The Wreck (surf spot)">The Wreck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byron_Bay,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Byron Bay, New South Wales">Byron Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">NSW</a>, and at <a href="/wiki/Stockton_Beach" title="Stockton Beach">Stockton Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">NSW</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shore_break">Shore break</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Shore break"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A shore break is a wave that breaks directly on, or very close to the <a href="/wiki/Shore" class="mw-redirect" title="Shore">shore</a>. This happens when the beach is very steep at the shoreline. These waves are really just a form of beach or reef break, but breaking very close to the shore. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivermouth_break">Rivermouth break</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rivermouth break"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A rivermouth break breaks at or near the entrance to a river or creek. It can break as either a left-breaking or right-breaking wave, or a peak which breaks both ways. The bottom is usually sand, but can be pebbles, rocks, or even coral reef. </p><p>Examples include <a href="/wiki/Mundaka" title="Mundaka">Mundaka</a> in Spain, and <a href="/wiki/Merimbula" title="Merimbula">Merimbula</a> bar in Australia. </p><p>They are sometimes called 'Bar' breaks because of the way the sand piles up along the shoreline. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jetty_break">Jetty break</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Jetty break"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wedge-Newport_Beach_Wave.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Wedge-Newport_Beach_Wave.JPG/220px-Wedge-Newport_Beach_Wave.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Wedge-Newport_Beach_Wave.JPG/330px-Wedge-Newport_Beach_Wave.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Wedge-Newport_Beach_Wave.JPG/440px-Wedge-Newport_Beach_Wave.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>The Wedge</figcaption></figure> <p>These waves break along or near a jetty. They are also called 'groynes' in some places. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_New_York" title="Long Beach, New York">Long Beach</a> in New York, <a href="/wiki/The_Wedge_(surfing)" title="The Wedge (surfing)">The Wedge</a> in California, and Duranbah Groyne in Australia. </p><p>Jetty and groyne style waves are known for often exhibiting constructive interference between different incoming waves to produce a significantly larger, 'wedging' style of wave, due to the unusual extension of obstruction that juts out significantly from the shore, and which wave shape is often favored by surfers. This is an example of a human influence which actually may improve a wave's shape and quality for surfing, however in other cases the effect for surfing may be negative. </p><p>Natural 'wedge' style constructive interference can however occur on any type of surf break, provided the local wave dynamics are favorable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outer_banks">Outer banks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Outer banks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A type of open ocean surf break, these occur where sand build ups occur well offshore to produce breaking waves in the open ocean, which are sometimes called 'Outer Banks', which are similar to open ocean reefs except that they are generally made of sand, and may disappear or change with storms. The 'Outer Banks' in North Carolina is an example. They can also be made of more permanent rocky reefs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tidal_bore_breaks">Tidal bore breaks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tidal bore breaks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Surfers_riding_the_Severn_Bore_-_geograph.org.uk_-_369764.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Surfers_riding_the_Severn_Bore_-_geograph.org.uk_-_369764.jpg/220px-Surfers_riding_the_Severn_Bore_-_geograph.org.uk_-_369764.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Surfers_riding_the_Severn_Bore_-_geograph.org.uk_-_369764.jpg/330px-Surfers_riding_the_Severn_Bore_-_geograph.org.uk_-_369764.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Surfers_riding_the_Severn_Bore_-_geograph.org.uk_-_369764.jpg/440px-Surfers_riding_the_Severn_Bore_-_geograph.org.uk_-_369764.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Severn_Bore" class="mw-redirect" title="Severn Bore">Severn Bore</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Numerous tidal bore waves are known, some of which have also been surfed for several kilometres or more and many kilometres from the ocean, making them the longest rideable waves in the world. </p><p>They are formed where stronger and larger tides enter a river or deltaic system, allowing the tide to forcefully push and extend up the river, sometimes forming rideable waves. The waves can be singular or multiple crested. </p><p>They form at specific times of the day, month, and year due to tidal currents, and can be accurately predicted. </p><p>Well known examples include several in the Amazon Basin, in Brazil, at the <a href="/wiki/Severn_Bore" class="mw-redirect" title="Severn Bore">Severn Bore</a> in the United Kingdom, and in Sumatra, Indonesia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standing_river_breaks">Standing river breaks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Standing river breaks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are waves which are created in some fast flowing rivers or creeks, allowing a surfer to ride a wave for several minutes or more whilst standing or lying more or less stationary within the river. The force of the flow along an uneven river bed allows a standing wave to form, and the surfer to be able to ride the wave successfully. They are relatively rare as local wave dynamics tend to be very specific. </p><p>Examples include on the <a href="/wiki/Zambezi" title="Zambezi">Zambesi River</a> in Africa, on the <a href="/wiki/St_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="St Lawrence River">St Lawrence River</a> in Montreal, Canada, and on the <a href="/wiki/Eisbach_(Isar)#Surfing_on_the_Eisbach" title="Eisbach (Isar)">Eisbach river</a> in Munich, Germany. </p><p>They also sometimes form when an inland lagoon or lake breaches its entry to the sea, forming standing waves in the channel between the lagoon and sea. Examples include at Waimea in Hawaii. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artificial_wave_pools">Artificial wave pools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Artificial wave pools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are waves generated in an artificially created pool with a powerful wave-generating device, to form waves which can be surfed without any need for an existing, natural water environment, such as an ocean or shoreline. Wave pools can therefore be built almost anywhere, and several designs and models (which have also been patented) are under construction throughout the world as of 2016. </p><p>In December 2015, former world surfing champion and current professional surfer Kelly Slater revealed a new type of wave pool at an unknown location, which was able to demonstrably show well-shaped barrelling style waves over several hundred metres at around head-high or more, which quality and size had not previously been achieved by any wave pool design or construction. The ability to create genuine, long, barreling surfable waves at locations far from natural shorelines might prove to be a game-changer within surfing culture and history. </p><p>Wave pools are currently the subject of much research and development, and there are a number of planned and existing commercial operations.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT_2020-02-25_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT_2020-02-25-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_surfable_waves">Types of surfable waves</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Types of surfable waves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As opposed to permanent or semi permanent obstructions which cause waves to break, surfable waves are sometimes defined by the nature of their generation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swell_waves">Swell waves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Swell waves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ocean swells form from the longer term amalgamation of wind-generated waves on the surface. The stronger the wind and the longer the area over which it blows, generally the larger the swell. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wind_waves">Wind waves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Wind waves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If large enough, local wind-generated chop can be surfed, but usually only after it has amalgamated into genuine swell from a distance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ship_waves">Ship waves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ship waves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A large ship such as an oil tanker can sometimes create rideable waves at the shoreline. These are usually surfed only when the waves are otherwise very small, such as in a large inland lake. </p><p>There has been unconfirmed reports of an offshore boat being used to make waves during surf contests when the surf was otherwise very small. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tsunami_waves">Tsunami waves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tsunami waves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although rare, surfable <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> waves from earthquakes have been recorded. One documented place an earthquake-generated tsunami has been surfed is at <a href="/wiki/Punta_Hermosa" title="Punta Hermosa">Punta Hermosa</a> in Peru, at the offshore Kon Tiki reef, where tsunami-generated waves from the <a href="/wiki/1974_Lima_earthquake" title="1974 Lima earthquake">1974 Lima earthquake</a> were ridden about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from the shore, before further rising and crashing into the nearby shoreline. The surfers did not know these were tsunami waves until after the event.<sup id="cite_ref-GARTSIDE_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GARTSIDE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surfable seismic-style waves generated from <a href="/wiki/Landslide" title="Landslide">landslides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic eruption">volcanic eruptions</a> or <a href="/wiki/Meteorite_impact" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteorite impact">meteorite impacts</a> into the ocean are all possible, but all of these are very rare, unpredictable, and have not been documented as being surfed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glacial_calving_waves">Glacial calving waves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Glacial calving waves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Waves have been surfed and documented from the action of <a href="/wiki/Ice_calving" title="Ice calving">calving ice</a> from glaciers, which falls into the adjacent water and forms a tsunami-type wave which surges away from the glacier. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storm_surges">Storm surges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Storm surges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These form when a large storm or <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricane</a> forces water in front of it, due to the combined action of strong winds over long distances. The water can pile up towards the shore and create a moving surge of water. </p><p>These <a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">surges</a> can be surfed, although they have not been specifically documented. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Backwash_and_sidewash_waves">Backwash and sidewash waves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Backwash and sidewash waves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These occur where waves are formed from the returning backwash of a wave which has previously gone up a steep shoreline or beach, or sometimes reflected from an ocean rockface or wall. They can sometimes form a surfable wave in a direction oblique to, or opposite from the original wave direction. An example was shown in the film Endless Summer, in Tahiti, called 'Ins and Outs'. </p><p>Backwash breaking parallel to or obliquely to the angle of the shore is sometimes also called sidewash, which can form from the reflection of a wave breaking against adjacent obstructions such as jetties, groynes, or rockwalls, or simply from the action of backwashing waves which strike a shoreline at an angle. </p><p>Sidewash and backwash is relatively common, and may amplify another incoming breaking wave's size due to constructive interference. When this process happens with an open ocean swell the resulting wave can also be significantly larger due to constructive interference from either deep water refraction or diffraction, or both. This type of effect is suggested to occur at two of the largest surf breaks in the world, at Nazaré in Portugal, and Jaws in Hawaii. </p><p>Backwash and sidewash also sometimes form in conjunction with rips on beaches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standing_river_waves">Standing river waves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Standing river waves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are formed from the action of fast flowing water over an uneven river or creek bed. The dynamics are very specific and not many naturally occurring surfable standing river waves are known, but examples include on the Zambesi river and near Munich, Germany. </p><p>Some rivers can also exhibit a surfable wave 'front' during flash flood events, particularly within narrow canyons. These have been ridden by people on surf craft caught in a flash flood event, such as on an inflatable tyre, although not usually intentionally. It is technically a wave front, with a breaking wave which can carry one downstream, so may be classified as a 'surf break', but others may classify this as simply a type of <a href="/w/index.php?title=River_riding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="River riding (page does not exist)">river riding</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tidal_bore_waves">Tidal bore waves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Tidal bore waves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These form where strong tidal currents enter a river or <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">deltaic system</a>, pushing shorewards and creating a surfable wave, and can extend for many kilometers. Surfable examples are known in China, Sumatra, the Amazon Basin, and the United Kingdom. They can be multiple or single crested wave fronts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artificial_wave_pool_waves">Artificial wave pool waves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Artificial wave pool waves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are made in an artificially created pool with a powerful wave generating device, to form generally small waves, which can be surfed without any need for an ocean or shoreline. </p><p>They are currently the subject of much research and development, and there are a number of commercial operations.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT_2020-02-25_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT_2020-02-25-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_influence">Human influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Human influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>'Surf break' locations and the quality of surf may be negatively or positively affected by human activities. </p><p>In some cases, surf breaks themselves may be partly formed from the influence of human activities. These include from the construction of local jetties (e.g. at Ocean Beach, New York), or from the <a href="/wiki/Dredging" title="Dredging">dredging</a> and dumping of nearby river sand (at Coolangatta's 'Superbank', Queensland, which sand sourced from the nearby Tweed River which commenced in the late 1990s and has now formed an almost continuous 2 km long sand bottomed point break), or from sand build up around local shipwrecks (such as at Stockton Beach, New South Wales). These effects may be either temporary, or more or less permanent. </p><p>The effects of human influences are variable, and may be either negative or positive with respect to the effect on local surf quality, and in some cases may affect one nearby surf break positively and another negatively. </p><p>Generally speaking, local surfers are opposed to potential unintentional consequences of local constructions or development which may not have adequately assessed or considered the effect on local surf quality, particularly where the local surf quality is considered substantial or culturally or socio-economically significant. Such effects may not have been taken into account during various development proposals. </p><p>There are examples of world-renowned surf breaks which have been significantly and negatively effected or destroyed by various engineering or other human influences, although it is important to note that some renowned surf breaks have also been markedly improved by various human influences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_of_jetties_and_groynes">Construction of jetties and groynes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Construction of jetties and groynes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jetties" class="mw-redirect" title="Jetties">Jetties</a> and <a href="/wiki/Groynes" class="mw-redirect" title="Groynes">groynes</a> create local sand build up which may improve the local surf quality.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Examples occur at <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Beach,_New_York" title="Ocean Beach, New York">Ocean Beach, New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Duranbah_Beach" title="Duranbah Beach">Duranbah Beach</a>, New South Wales. Negative effects on surf quality from such constructions are possible.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_of_artificial_harbors">Construction of artificial harbors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Construction of artificial harbors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These may create changes to local surf dynamics which can be either negative or positive with respect to surf quality. Most were made in previous decades and centuries and the effects on surf quality at the time were not known. Examples include at <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle, New South Wales">Newcastle Harbour</a>, in New South Wales.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shipwrecks">Shipwrecks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Shipwrecks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These unintentional 'constructions' may allow sand to build up around the wreck, sometimes forming surfable waves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sand_dredging_and_dumping">Sand dredging and dumping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sand dredging and dumping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sand_mining" title="Sand mining">Sand dredging</a> and dumping from nearby rivers can affect the quality of nearby surf breaks, due to changes in the amount of sand available to form over the bottom. In many sand bottom point breaks, more sand often means better quality. </p><p>The 'Superbank' in Queensland is a world class surf break, partly formed from the influence of nearby sand dredging and dumping. This sand is sourced form the nearby Tweed River, which dredging program began in the late 1990s. This program has generally improved the surf quality, forming a now more or less continuous 2 km long sand bottomed surf break, linking up what was previously 3 different point breaks (Snapper, Greenmount, and Kirra) into now one more or continuous surf break, and now also one of the longest point breaks in the world. </p><p>Whilst the surf quality at Snapper and Greenmount has generally improved, the bottom section of the break, the world-class Kirra point break, which was formerly considered one of the best in the world, has generally suffered. </p><p>Proposals have been put forward to attempt to alleviate or change the program, to attempt to restore the quality of previous surf at Kirra, however it is not clear how the improvements made to nearby Snapper and Greenmount would also be then affected. There may be an optimum amount of sand dredging and build up which allows all three breaks to be generally improved, as was perhaps the case in the early 2000s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artificial_reef_breaks">Artificial reef breaks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Artificial reef breaks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>'Artificial reef breaks' are an example of a construction which intentionally alters the local seabed dynamics to attempt to improve the local surf quality. The success of these has proved to be variable to date, with both positive and neutral cases known. </p><p>Reactions to local artificial reef construction proposals is mixed and variable, and is usually examined on a case-by-case basis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artificial_wave_pools_2">Artificial wave pools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Artificial wave pools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Artificial wave pools use a powerful wave generating device which creates surfable waves without the need for a coastline or shoreline. They can therefore allow surf activity to occur many kilometers inland from the sea or ocean. </p><p>They are the subject of current research and development, and a number of commercial operations are in existence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artificial_standing_waves">Artificial standing waves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Artificial standing waves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These form where lagoons disconnected to the ocean are deliberately breached, which allows a narrow fast flowing channel to form which lowers the water level and re-connect the inland water system with the ocean. Sometimes surfable 'standing waves' are formed and surfed during these events, which can become a cultural attraction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reef_bombing">Reef bombing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Reef bombing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is largely an <a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">illegal fishing</a> activity which occurs in some countries whereby explosives are used over coral reefs to kill and stun the fish, allowing them to be then netted and caught more easily. The practice is largely illegal, as it negatively effects both marine life and also changes and destroys the local seabed and coral topography, creating largely negative effects on local surf conditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_and_stabilization_of_sand_dunes">Development and stabilization of sand dunes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Development and stabilization of sand dunes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mobility of sand dunes sometimes allows a greater supply of sand to be deposited in adjacent local point breaks, creating more even surf conditions on these point break style waves. When these dunes are destroyed or stabilised, the supply of sand may be reduced, effecting local surf conditions. This has occurred at the Bruce's Beauties surf break in South Africa, where wave quality was no longer the same once the adjacent dunes were developed with residential style housing. Areas adjacent to river systems where the supply of sand is reduced can also be similarly affected. </p><p>In the world renowned surf movie: <a href="/wiki/The_Endless_Summer" title="The Endless Summer">The Endless Summer</a> director Bruce Brown comments on the "perfect breaking wave" - Cape St. Francis in South Africa. In <a href="/wiki/The_Endless_Summer_II" title="The Endless Summer II">The Endless Summer II</a>, the cape has a different break to it due to the housing development requiring a sand mound to protect the houses from wind/sand erosion. The sand removed from the beaches drastically altered the wave and how it breaks. <a href="/wiki/Cape_St._Francis" title="Cape St. Francis">Cape St. Francis</a> is just one of the surf points altered from humans. Reformation of beaches, coastlines, and beach-front property alter the sand underneath the waves and degrades surfing conditions. By blocking the natural wind flow to the ocean lessens the offshore wind, low tide surf conditions all surfers envy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effect_of_climate_change">Effect of climate change</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Effect of climate change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Surfing conditions change due to the <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global change in climate</a>. The combustion of fossil fuels translates to rising sea levels through the melting of Earth's ice caps and thermal expansion. The rising sea levels increase the amount of condensation through the <a href="/wiki/Hydrologic_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrologic cycle">hydrologic cycle</a>. With more precipitation in the atmosphere and increased global temperatures storms carry increased power. Swells and ocean currents in turn fuel surfable waves, though their quality is yet to be known. </p><p>As Earth evolves with increased carbon emissions into the atmosphere, surf breaks see alterations in size, speed, location, and quality of waves. Climate change affects surf breaks through altering the environment surrounding the surf break. There are also ways as a surfer to combat the future degradation of your local surf location. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Rising_Sea_Level.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_Rising_Sea_Level.jpg/220px-The_Rising_Sea_Level.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_Rising_Sea_Level.jpg/330px-The_Rising_Sea_Level.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_Rising_Sea_Level.jpg/440px-The_Rising_Sea_Level.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Sea Level Rise Over Time</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rising_sea_levels">Rising sea levels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Rising sea levels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With an increase in sea level, the way certain waves break will alter. Waves break due to the distance between the surface water and the sea floor. The average wave across the Earth will get smaller due to there being more water from melting ice caps. Combustion of fossil fuels as well as <a href="/wiki/Surface_heating" class="mw-redirect" title="Surface heating">surface heating</a> have increased the global temperature by 2 degrees Fahrenheit.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If a reef break depends on the tides, then the increase of water to the reef alters the tides. If a reef break breaks well on a high tide, after rising sea levels the reef break will break well on the low tide. More critically, a surf spot that currently breaks only on a low tide will cease to break.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beach breaks are highly susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a> due to their reliance on the sea floor below. With the increased sea level, more sediment deposition occurs which can have various effects on surface waves. </p><p>Rising sea levels may have various effects on waves, though one thing is certain: rising sea levels will inevitably lower the size of waves.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ocean_Currents">Ocean Currents</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Ocean Currents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Across the world, Earth's currents push cold and warm water. <i>See <a href="/wiki/Ocean_current" title="Ocean current">Ocean current</a>.</i> With increased water from melting ice caps, currents have a larger body of water to push. Currents are slowing down globally, in some cases up by 15%.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These currents can allow certain areas of the world to get cold when it's supposed to be warm, and vice versa. Reduced current power limits the power swells have on daily surf breaks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storms">Storms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Storms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Storms are increasing in quantity and potency. We are seeing higher category 4 and 5 storms; translating to intense swells. Storms drive powerful swells; so for an increase in storm power the waves will actually in turn become increased in size.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though storms are supposed to create larger swells and better surf, waves are actually decreasing in size globally. Rising sea levels decrease the potency of storms; hurricanes and winds have a smaller impact on surf breaks only when the tides are higher.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Swells">Swells</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Swells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Globally, with an increase in storm frequency and power, swells will become stronger and happen more often. The quality of surf is not yet known to the future swells due to variables such as sea level, ocean currents, and location on the earth.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the force driving the swells may vary due to the condition of global ocean currents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coral_reef_degradation">Coral reef degradation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Coral reef degradation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since Earth's oceans are affected by <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thermal_stress" title="Thermal stress">thermal stress</a> affects the coral reefs, slowly withering away until the coral bleaches. <a href="/wiki/Coral_bleaching" title="Coral bleaching">Coral bleaching</a> eventually kills the coral. Sea level rise expands the ocean's area, acquiring more sediment as it grows. With more sediment under the sea, coral begins to become buried alive. As <a href="/wiki/Sedimentation" title="Sedimentation">sedimentation</a> occurs, reef breaks turn into beach breaks; which can have positive or negative impacts; depending on the circumstances of the break (wind, depth, location). Anthropogenic waste running off into the sewage lines that feed to the ocean, sprouting harmful algae blooms and murky water that limit the amount of sunlight coral reefs can absorb. Coral reefs provide some of the world's best waves; though they may not be around for long.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">Coral reefs</a> have a narrow window of temperature in which they can live. With an average increase in global temperatures of one degree per decade, and 90% of the heat being absorbed by the ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coral reefs are in danger of becoming extinct by 2030. Coral reef loss creates beach breaks; which alter the nature of the wave. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ocean_acidification">Ocean acidification</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Ocean acidification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With an increase of carbon emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels, the ocean acts as a sink for all of the extra CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> in the atmosphere. CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> naturally increases the acidity of the ocean, throwing the pH of the ocean to a more acidic state. Currently the acidity of the ocean has increased by 30%. The increase has led to coral reefs degrading, therefore impacting all of the reef breaks. Carbon dioxide absorbed into the ocean from the atmosphere reduces calcification rates in reef-building and reef-associated organisms by altering seawater chemistry through decreases in pH.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Actions">Actions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Actions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, surfers and environmentalists opposed a toll road project in <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County, California</a> that would have changed sediment patterns and affected the world-class <i>Trestles</i> surf break north of <a href="/wiki/San_Onofre_State_Beach" title="San Onofre State Beach">San Onofre State Beach</a> which attracted 400,000 surfers in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-block_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-block-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, the NSW Geographical Names Register began formally recognizing names of surf breaks in Australia, defining a surf break as a "permanent obstruction such as a reef, headland, <a href="/wiki/Bombora" title="Bombora">bombora</a>, rock or sandbar, which causes waves to break".<sup id="cite_ref-names_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-names-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the largest surf breaks in the world is the <a href="/wiki/Jaws_surf_break" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaws surf break">Jaws surf break</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maui" title="Maui">Maui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, with waves that reach a maximum height of 12–18 m (40–60 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Maui's_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maui's-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However waves which break off <a href="/wiki/Nazar%C3%A9,_Portugal" title="Nazaré, Portugal">Nazaré</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> have been recorded to exceed 24 m (80 ft), with estimates of waves ridden up to over 30 m (100 ft), from trough to peak. The peculiar ocean bathymetry off Nazare is largely responsible for the very large wave faces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beach_Break_Honolulu_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beach Break Honolulu"><img alt="Beach Break Honolulu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Beach_Break_Honolulu_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Beach_Break_Honolulu_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Beach_Break_Honolulu_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Beach_Break_Honolulu_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Beach_Break_Honolulu_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Beach_Break_Honolulu_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beach Break Honolulu</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/break" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:break">break</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beach_break" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:beach break">beach break</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/point_break" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:point break">point break</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reef_break" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:reef break">reef break</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_reef" title="Artificial reef">Artificial reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_wave" title="Breaking wave">Breaking wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_wave#Wave_breaking" title="Wind wave">Wave breaking</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bigwave-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bigwave_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTurner2006" class="citation news cs1">Turner, Sarah (February 5, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2006/feb/05/theobserverstop25travelexperiences.watersportsholidays.observerescapesection">"The best surf break"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2009</span>. <q>Above all, it's a quality wave, it's reliable, it's a classic big wave break</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+best+surf+break&rft.date=2006-02-05&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftravel%2F2006%2Ffeb%2F05%2Ftheobserverstop25travelexperiences.watersportsholidays.observerescapesection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASurf+break" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-names-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-names_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-names_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilmalis2007" class="citation news cs1">Silmalis, Linda (April 8, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,21520183-5006007,00.html">"Surf break names recognised"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)" title="The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)">The Daily Telegraph</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coastal_geography" title="Template:Coastal geography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coastal_geography" title="Template talk:Coastal geography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coastal_geography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coastal geography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coastal_geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_geography" title="Coastal geography">Coastal geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landform" title="Landform">Landforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchialine_system" title="Anchialine system">Anchialine pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avulsion_(river)" title="Avulsion (river)">Avulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayre_(landform)" title="Ayre (landform)">Ayre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrier_island" title="Barrier island">Barrier island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay" title="Bay">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bight_(geography)" title="Bight (geography)">Bight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodden" title="Bodden">Bodden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brackish_marsh" title="Brackish marsh">Brackish marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_(geography)" title="Cape (geography)">Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_plain" title="Coastal plain">Coastal plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_waterfall" title="Coastal waterfall">Coastal waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_margin" title="Continental margin">Continental margin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">Continental shelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">Coral reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cove" title="Cove">Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">Dune</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cliff-top_dune" title="Cliff-top dune">cliff-top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">Estuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firth" title="Firth">Firth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjard" title="Fjard">Fjard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">Fjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_marsh" title="Freshwater marsh">Freshwater marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundus_(seabed)" title="Fundus (seabed)">Fundus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gat_(landform)" title="Gat (landform)">Gat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo_(landform)" title="Geo (landform)">Geo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf" title="Gulf">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gut_(coastal_geography)" title="Gut (coastal geography)">Gut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapua" title="Hapua">Hapua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headland" title="Headland">Headland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inlet" title="Inlet">Inlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertidal_wetland" title="Intertidal wetland">Intertidal wetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islet" title="Islet">Islet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus" title="Isthmus">Isthmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machair" title="Machair">Machair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudflat" title="Mudflat">Mudflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_arch" title="Natural arch">Natural arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ria" title="Ria">Ria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">Salt marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">Shoal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skerry" title="Skerry">Skerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_(geography)" title="Sound (geography)">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spit_(landform)" title="Spit (landform)">Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stack_(geology)" title="Stack (geology)">Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand_plain" title="Strand plain">Strand plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_canyon" title="Submarine canyon">Submarine canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_island" title="Tidal island">Tidal island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_marsh" title="Tidal marsh">Tidal marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tide_pool" title="Tide pool">Tide pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tied_island" title="Tied island">Tied island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombolo" title="Tombolo">Tombolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waituna" title="Waituna">Waituna</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Windwatt" title="Windwatt">Windwatt</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Accreting_coast_Image6.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coastal and oceanic landforms"><img alt="Coastal and oceanic landforms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Accreting_coast_Image6.svg/140px-Accreting_coast_Image6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Accreting_coast_Image6.svg/210px-Accreting_coast_Image6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Accreting_coast_Image6.svg/280px-Accreting_coast_Image6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="697" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fernando_noronha.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dois Irmãos - Fernando de Noronha"><img alt="Dois Irmãos - Fernando de Noronha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fernando_noronha.jpg/140px-Fernando_noronha.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fernando_noronha.jpg/210px-Fernando_noronha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fernando_noronha.jpg/280px-Fernando_noronha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">Beaches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_cusps" title="Beach cusps">Beach cusps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_evolution" title="Beach evolution">Beach evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_ridge" title="Beach ridge">Beach ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_wrack" title="Beach wrack">Beach wrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaches_in_estuaries_and_bays" title="Beaches in estuaries and bays">Beaches in estuaries and bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beachrock" title="Beachrock">Beachrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_morphodynamics" title="Coastal morphodynamics">Coastal morphodynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_beach" title="Pocket beach">Pocket beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_beach" title="Raised beach">Raised beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_recession_of_beaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern recession of beaches">Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seashell" title="Seashell">Shell beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingle_beach" title="Shingle beach">Shingle beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_beach" title="Storm beach">Storm beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wash_margin" title="Wash margin">Wash margin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">River mouths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debouch" title="Debouch">Debouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouth_bar" title="Mouth bar">Mouth bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">River delta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mega_delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Mega delta">mega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regressive_delta" title="Regressive delta">regressive</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Large-scale_coastal_behaviour" title="Large-scale coastal behaviour">Processes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowhole_(geology)" title="Blowhole (geology)">Blowhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliffed_coast" title="Cliffed coast">Cliffed coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_biogeomorphology" title="Coastal biogeomorphology">Coastal biogeomorphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_erosion" title="Coastal erosion">Coastal erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordant_coastline" title="Concordant coastline">Concordant coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_(hydrology)" title="Current (hydrology)">Current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuspate_foreland" title="Cuspate foreland">Cuspate foreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordant_coastline" title="Discordant coastline">Discordant coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergent_coastline" title="Emergent coastline">Emergent coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeder_bluff" title="Feeder bluff">Feeder bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_coast" title="Flat coast">Flat coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graded_shoreline" title="Graded shoreline">Graded shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingression_coast" title="Ingression coast">Ingression coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large-scale_coastal_behaviour" title="Large-scale coastal behaviour">Large-scale coastal behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longshore_drift" title="Longshore drift">Longshore drift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_regression" title="Marine regression">Marine regression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_transgression" title="Marine transgression">Marine transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_shoreline" title="Raised shoreline">Raised shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_current" title="Rip current">Rip current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_shore" title="Rocky shore">Rocky shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cave" title="Sea cave">Sea cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_foam" title="Sea foam">Sea foam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">Shoal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peresyp" title="Peresyp">peresyp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steep_coast" title="Steep coast">Steep coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submergent_coastline" title="Submergent coastline">Submergent coastline</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Surf break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_zone" title="Surf zone">Surf zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surge_channel" title="Surge channel">Surge channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swash" title="Swash">Swash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undertow_(water_waves)" title="Undertow (water waves)">Undertow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_arc" title="Volcanic arc">Volcanic arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave-cut_platform" title="Wave-cut platform">Wave-cut platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_shoaling" title="Wave shoaling">Wave shoaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_fetch" title="Wind fetch">Wind fetch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_wave" title="Wind wave">Wind wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_management" title="Coastal management">Management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_(coastal_management)" title="Accretion (coastal management)">Accretion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_management" title="Coastal management">Coastal management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_coastal_zone_management" title="Integrated coastal zone management">Integrated coastal zone management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submersion_(coastal_management)" title="Submersion (coastal management)">Submersion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulkhead_line" title="Bulkhead line">Bulkhead line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_engineering" title="Coastal engineering">Coastal engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_size" title="Grain size">Grain size</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder">boulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobble_(geology)" title="Cobble (geology)">cobble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granule_(geology)" title="Granule (geology)">granule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravel" title="Gravel">gravel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble" title="Pebble">pebble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingle_beach" title="Shingle beach">shingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertidal_zone" title="Intertidal zone">Intertidal zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone">Littoral zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_oceanography" title="Physical oceanography">Physical oceanography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_of_freshwater_influence" title="Region of freshwater influence">Region of freshwater influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_plume" title="River plume">River plume</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Coastal_geography" title="Category:Coastal geography">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Surfing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Surfing" title="Template:Surfing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Surfing" title="Template talk:Surfing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Surfing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Surfing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Surfing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">Surfing</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_surfing" title="Glossary of surfing">Terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_surfing" title="History of surfing">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_wave_surfing" title="Big wave surfing">Big wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellyboarding" title="Bellyboarding">Bellyboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodyboarding" title="Bodyboarding">Bodyboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowriding" title="Flowriding">Flowriding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiteboarding" title="Kiteboarding">Kiteboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneeboarding_(surfsport)" title="Kneeboarding (surfsport)">Kneeboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_surfing" title="Lake surfing">Lake surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_surfing" title="River surfing">River surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_surfing_(surfing)" title="Shoulder surfing (surfing)">Shoulder surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skimboarding" title="Skimboarding">Skimboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standup_paddleboarding" title="Standup paddleboarding">Standup paddleboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_kayaking" title="Surf kayaking">Surf kayaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tow-in_surfing" title="Tow-in surfing">Tow-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_riding" title="Tube riding">Tube riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">Windsurfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_foiling" title="Wing foiling">Wing foiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_surfing" title="Women's surfing">Women's surfing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surfers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_surfers" title="Category:American surfers">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Argentine_surfers" title="Category:Argentine surfers">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_surfers" title="Category:Australian surfers">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brazilian_surfers" title="Category:Brazilian surfers">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_surfers" title="Category:British surfers">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_surfers" title="Category:Filipino surfers">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_surfers" title="Category:French surfers">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_surfers" title="Category:Irish surfers">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maldivian_surfers" title="Category:Maldivian surfers">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_surfers" title="Category:New Zealand surfers">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peruvian_surfers" title="Category:Peruvian surfers">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portuguese_surfers" title="Category:Portuguese surfers">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:South_African_surfers" title="Category:South African surfers">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Uruguayan_surfers" title="Category:Uruguayan surfers">Uruguayan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closeout_(surfing)" title="Closeout (surfing)">Closeout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_scale" title="Hawaiian scale">Hawaiian scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_wave" title="Wind wave">Ocean surface wave</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Surf break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_bore" title="Tidal bore">Tidal bore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_pool" title="Wave pool">Wave pool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surfboard" title="Surfboard">Surfboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfboard_fin" title="Surfboard fin">Fins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfboard_wax" title="Surfboard wax">Wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wax_comb" class="mw-redirect" title="Wax comb">Wax comb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foilboard" title="Foilboard">Foilboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boardshorts" title="Boardshorts">Boardshorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfboard_leash" title="Surfboard leash">Surfboard leash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Surfing_by_country" title="Category:Surfing by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Australia" title="Surfing in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Brazil" title="Surfing in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Canada" title="Surfing in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Chile" title="Surfing in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Ecuador" title="Surfing in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_India" title="Surfing in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Indonesia" title="Surfing in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Ireland" title="Surfing in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Madeira" title="Surfing in Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Morocco" title="Surfing in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_New_Zealand" title="Surfing in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Peru" title="Surfing in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_South_Africa" title="Surfing in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Surfing in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Taiwan" title="Surfing in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Turkey" title="Surfing in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Surfing in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Scotland" title="Surfing in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_the_United_States" title="Surfing in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banzai_Pipeline" title="Banzai Pipeline">Banzai Pipeline</a></li> <li>Cyclops</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peahi,_Hawaii" title="Peahi, Hawaii">Jaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Libertad,_La_Libertad" class="mw-redirect" title="La Libertad, La Libertad">La Libertad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavericks,_California" title="Mavericks, California">Mavericks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Escondido,_Oaxaca" title="Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca">Puerto Escondido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipstern_Bluff" title="Shipstern Bluff">Shipstern Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teahupo%CA%BBo" title="Teahupoʻo">Teahupoʻo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uluwatu,_Bali" title="Uluwatu, Bali">Uluwatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_surfing_events" title="List of surfing events">Competitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Boardriders_Battle" title="Australian Boardriders Battle">Australian Boardriders Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Open_of_Surfing" title="Australian Open of Surfing">Australian Open of Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beachley_Classic" title="Beachley Classic">Beachley Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billabong_Pipeline_Masters" title="Billabong Pipeline Masters">Billabong Pipeline Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billabong_Pro_Teahupoo" title="Billabong Pro Teahupoo">Billabong Pro Teahupoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copa_Movistar" title="Copa Movistar">Copa Movistar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Kahanamoku_Invitational_Surfing_Championship" title="Duke Kahanamoku Invitational Surfing Championship">Duke Kahanamoku Invitational Surfing Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Surfing_Championships" title="East Coast Surfing Championships">East Coast Surfing Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Pro" title="Hawaiian Pro">Hawaiian Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-Bay_Open" title="J-Bay Open">J-Bay Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Ikaika_Challenge" title="Ku Ikaika Challenge">Ku Ikaika Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Foundation_Surf_League" title="Lion Foundation Surf League">Lion Foundation Surf League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEO_Rip_Curl_Pro_Portugal" title="MEO Rip Curl Pro Portugal">MEO Rip Curl Pro Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noosa_Festival_of_Surfing" title="Noosa Festival of Surfing">Noosa Festival of Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Neill_Sebastian_Inlet_Pro" title="O'Neill Sebastian Inlet Pro">O'Neill Sebastian Inlet Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Neill_World_Cup_of_Surfing" title="O'Neill World Cup of Surfing">O'Neill World Cup of Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Surfing at the Summer Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipeline_Bodysurfing_Classic" title="Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic">Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiksilver_Pro_France" title="Quiksilver Pro France">Quiksilver Pro France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiksilver_Pro_Gold_Coast" title="Quiksilver Pro Gold Coast">Quiksilver Pro Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Big_Wave_Africa" title="Red Bull Big Wave Africa">Red Bull Big Wave Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Curl_Pro" title="Rip Curl Pro">Rip Curl Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxy_Pro_France" title="Roxy Pro France">Roxy Pro France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_Island_Challenge" title="Shark Island Challenge">Shark Island Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smirnoff_World_Pro-Am_Surfing_Championships" title="Smirnoff World Pro-Am Surfing Championships">Smirnoff World Pro-Am Surfing Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stubbies_(surfing)" title="Stubbies (surfing)">Stubbies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfabout" title="Surfabout">Surfabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfest" title="Surfest">Surfest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eddie" title="The Eddie">The Eddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Crown_of_Surfing" title="Triple Crown of Surfing">Triple Crown of Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Open_of_Surfing" title="US Open of Surfing">US Open of Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Surfing_Games" title="World Surfing Games">World Surfing Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Surf_League" title="World Surf League">World Surf League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Surfing_organizations" title="Category:Surfing organizations">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Professional_Surfers" title="International Professional Surfers">International Professional Surfers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Surfing_Association" title="International Surfing Association">International Surfing Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Surfing_Day" title="International Surfing Day">International Surfing Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Surfing_Museum" title="International Surfing Museum">International Surfing Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Scholastic_Surfing_Association" title="National Scholastic Surfing Association">National Scholastic Surfing Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Surf_Film_Festival" title="New York Surf Film Festival">New York Surf Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Surfing_Museum" title="Santa Cruz Surfing Museum">Santa Cruz Surfing Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SurfAid_International" title="SurfAid International">SurfAid International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfers_Against_Sewage" title="Surfers Against Sewage">Surfers Against Sewage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfline" title="Surfline">Surfline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfrider_Foundation" title="Surfrider Foundation">Surfrider Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_Australia" title="Surfing Australia">Surfing Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_South_Africa" title="Surfing South Africa">Surfing South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Moonshine_Conspiracy" title="The Moonshine Conspiracy">The Moonshine Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Surfing_Union" title="Uruguayan Surfing Union">Uruguayan Surfing Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Surfing_Federation" title="Welsh Surfing Federation">Welsh Surfing Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Surf_League" title="World Surf League">World Surf League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surf_culture" title="Surf culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surf_art" title="Surf art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fictional_surfers" title="Category:Fictional surfers">Fictional surfers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfer_hair" title="Surfer hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_music" title="Surf music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Surfwear_brands" title="Category:Surfwear brands">Surfwear brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaka_sign" title="Shaka sign">Shaka sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surfing#Dangers" title="Surfing">Hazards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shark_attack" title="Shark attack">Shark attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfer%27s_eye" class="mw-redirect" title="Surfer's eye">Surfer's eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfer%27s_ear" title="Surfer's ear">Surfer's ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfer%27s_myelopathy" title="Surfer's myelopathy">Surfer's myelopathy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surf_lifesaving" 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