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Search results for: observation method
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</div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: observation method</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20275</span> Virtual Player for Learning by Observation to Assist Karate Training</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazumoto%20Tanaka">Kazumoto Tanaka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that sport skill learning is facilitated by video observation of players’ actions in sports. The optimal viewpoint for the observation of actions depends on sport scenes. On the other hand, it is impossible to change viewpoint for the observation in general, because most videos are filmed from fixed points. The study has tackled the problem and focused on karate match as a first step. The study developed a method for observing karate player’s actions from any point of view by using 3D-CG model (i.e. virtual player) obtained from video images, and verified the effectiveness of the method on karate match. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20graphics" title="computer graphics">computer graphics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=karate%20training" title=" karate training"> karate training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20by%20observation" title=" learning by observation"> learning by observation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20capture" title=" motion capture"> motion capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20player" title=" virtual player"> virtual player</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61463/virtual-player-for-learning-by-observation-to-assist-karate-training" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20274</span> Progressive Participatory Observation Applied to Priority Neighbourhoods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serge%20Rohmer">Serge Rohmer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a progressive participatory observation that can be used as a sociological investigation within communities. The usefulness of participant observation in sociological projects is first asserted, particularly in an urban context. Competencies, know-how and interpersonal skills are then explained before to detail the progressive approach, consisting of four levels of observation. The progressive participatory observation is applied to an experimental project to set up a permaculture urban micro-farm with residents of a priority neighbourhood. Feedback on the experiment has identified several key recommendations for implementing the approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participatory%20observation" title="participatory observation">participatory observation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=observation%20scale" title=" observation scale"> observation scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=priority%20neighbourhood" title=" priority neighbourhood"> priority neighbourhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20sociology" title=" urban sociology"> urban sociology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188369/progressive-participatory-observation-applied-to-priority-neighbourhoods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20273</span> Video-Observation: A Phenomenological Research Tool for International Relation?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Aagaard%20Nohr">Andreas Aagaard Nohr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> International Relations is an academic discipline which is rarely in direct contact with its field. However, there has in recent years been a growing interest in the different agents within and beyond the state and their associated practices; yet some of the research tools with which to study them are not widely used. This paper introduces video-observation as a method for the study of IR and argues that it offers a unique way of studying the complexity of the everyday context of actors. The paper is divided into two main parts: First, the philosophical and methodological underpinnings of the kind of data that video-observation produces are discussed; primarily through a discussion of the phenomenology of Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty. Second, taking simulation of a WTO negotiation round as an example, the paper discusses how the data created can be analysed: in particular with regard to the structure of events, the temporal and spatial organization of activities, rhythm and periodicity, and the concrete role of artefacts and documents. The paper concludes with a discussion of the ontological, epistemological, and practical challenges and limitations that ought to be considered if video-observation is chosen as a method within the field of IR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video-observation" title="video-observation">video-observation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenomenology" title=" phenomenology"> phenomenology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title=" international relations"> international relations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19142/video-observation-a-phenomenological-research-tool-for-international-relation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20272</span> Teacher Culture Inquiry of Classroom Observation at an Elementary School in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsai-Hsiu%20Lin">Tsai-Hsiu Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Three dimensions of teacher culture hinder educational improvement: individualism, conservatism and presentism. To promote the professional development of teachers, these three aspects in teacher culture should be eliminated. Classroom observation may be a useful method of eliminating individualism. The Ministry of Education in Taiwan has attempted to reduce the isolation of teachers to promote their professional growth. Because classroom observation discourse varies, teachers are generally unwilling to allow their teaching to be observed. However, classroom observations take place in the country in the form of school evaluations. The main purpose of this study was to explore the differences in teachers’ conservatism, individualism and presentism after classroom observations had been conducted at an elementary school in Taiwan. The research method was a qualitative case study involving interviews with the school principal, the director of academic affairs, and two classroom teachers. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) Educators in different positions viewed classroom observations differently; (2) The classroom teachers did not highly value classroom observation; (3) There was little change in the teachers’ conservatism, individualism and presentism after classroom observation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classroom%20observation" title="classroom observation">classroom observation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lortie%E2%80%99s%20Trinity" title=" Lortie’s Trinity"> Lortie’s Trinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20culture" title=" teacher culture"> teacher culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20professional%20development" title=" teacher professional development"> teacher professional development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57361/teacher-culture-inquiry-of-classroom-observation-at-an-elementary-school-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20271</span> The Impact of Election Observation on Electoral Reforms in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Sulaiman">Abubakar Sulaiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper examines how election observation influences electoral reforms in Nigeria. Over the years, election observation continues to play critical role in the electoral process specifically in Nigeria and Africa at large. Election observation keeps an eye on the electoral process and all the stakeholders during elections, to ensure that the process is fair to all contestants. While literature abound on this role of election observation on electoral process in Nigeria, scanty scholarly efforts have been made to appraise how election observation influences electoral reforms in Nigeria. Also, while election observation may play a role in ensuring that the electoral process is credible, specifically, its role in prvoking and eliciting various electoral reforms in the country has not been explored. The paper adopts the explanatory research design using secondary data and document analysis. Preliminary findings show that election observation has influenced electoral reforms in Nigeria in no small measure. The paper concludes that election observation is critical for result oriented electoral reforms in Nigeria, albeit, such reforms have to be implemented to the latter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electoral%20reforms" title="electoral reforms">electoral reforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=election%20observation" title=" election observation"> election observation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electoral%20process" title=" electoral process"> electoral process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20country" title=" developing country"> developing country</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123813/the-impact-of-election-observation-on-electoral-reforms-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20270</span> Considering the Reliability of Measurements Issue in Distributed Adaptive Estimation Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wael%20M.%20Bazzi">Wael M. Bazzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Rastegarnia"> Amir Rastegarnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Khalili"> Azam Khalili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we consider the issue of reliability of measurements in distributed adaptive estimation problem. To this aim, we assume a sensor network with different observation noise variance among the sensors and propose new estimation method based on incremental distributed least mean-square (IDLMS) algorithm. The proposed method contains two phases: I) Estimation of each sensors observation noise variance, and II) Estimation of the desired parameter using the estimated observation variances. To deal with the reliability of measurements, in the second phase of the proposed algorithm, the step-size parameter is adjusted for each sensor according to its observation noise variance. As our simulation results show, the proposed algorithm considerably improves the performance of the IDLMS algorithm in the same condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20filter" title="adaptive filter">adaptive filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20estimation" title=" distributed estimation"> distributed estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%0D%0Anetwork" title=" sensor network"> sensor network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDLMS%20algorithm" title=" IDLMS algorithm"> IDLMS algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27648/considering-the-reliability-of-measurements-issue-in-distributed-adaptive-estimation-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">634</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20269</span> Metal Berthelot Tubes with Windows for Observing Cavitation under Static Negative Pressure </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Hiro">K. Hiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Imai"> Y. Imai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Sasayama"> T. Sasayama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cavitation under static negative pressure is not revealed well. The Berthelot method to generate such negative pressure can be a means to study cavitation inception. In this study, metal Berthelot tubes built in observation windows are newly developed and are checked whether high static negative pressure is generated or not. Negative pressure in the tube with a pair of a corundum plate and an aluminum gasket increased with temperature cycles. The trend was similar to that as reported before. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berthelot%20method" title="Berthelot method">Berthelot method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitation" title=" cavitation"> cavitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20pressure" title=" negative pressure"> negative pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=observation" title=" observation"> observation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48683/metal-berthelot-tubes-with-windows-for-observing-cavitation-under-static-negative-pressure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20268</span> Evaluation of MPPT Algorithms for Photovoltaic Generator by Comparing Incremental Conductance Method, Perturbation and Observation Method and the Method Using Fuzzy Logic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmahdi%20Elgharbaoui">Elmahdi Elgharbaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamou%20Nasser"> Tamou Nasser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Essadki"> Ahmed Essadki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the era of sustainable development, photovoltaic (PV) technology has shown significant potential as a renewable energy source. Photovoltaic generators (GPV) have a non-linear current-voltage characteristic, with a maximum power point (MPP) characterized by an optimal voltage, and depends on environmental factors such as temperature and irradiation. To extract each time the maximum power available at the terminals of the GPV and transfer it to the load, an adaptation stage is used, consisting of a boost chopper controlled by a maximum power point tracking technique (MPPT) through a stage of pulse width modulation (PWM). Our choice has focused on three techniques which are: the perturbation and observation method (P&O), the incremental conductance method (InCond) and the last is that of control using the fuzzy logic. The implementation and simulation of the system (photovoltaic generator, chopper boost, PWM and MPPT techniques) are then performed in the Matlab/Simulink environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20generator" title="photovoltaic generator">photovoltaic generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technique%20MPPT" title=" technique MPPT"> technique MPPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boost%20chopper" title=" boost chopper"> boost chopper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWM" title=" PWM"> PWM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P%26O" title=" P&O"> P&O</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InCond" title=" InCond"> InCond</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11368/evaluation-of-mppt-algorithms-for-photovoltaic-generator-by-comparing-incremental-conductance-method-perturbation-and-observation-method-and-the-method-using-fuzzy-logic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20267</span> Effects of Different Kinds of Combined Action Observation and Motor Imagery on Improving Golf Putting Performance and Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%20H.%20Lin">Chi H. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%20C.%20Lin"> Chi C. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih%20L.%20Hsieh"> Chih L. Hsieh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Motor Imagery (MI) alone or combined with action observation (AO) has been shown to enhance motor performance and skill learning. The most effective way to combine these techniques has received limited scientific scrutiny. In the present study, we examined the effects of simultaneous (i.e., observing an action whilst imagining carrying out the action concurrently), alternate (i.e., observing an action and then doing imagery related to that action consecutively) and synthesis (alternately perform action observation and imagery action and then perform observation and imagery action simultaneously) AOMI combinations on improving golf putting performance and learning. Participants, 45 university students who had no formal experience of using imagery for the study, were randomly allocated to one of four training groups: simultaneous action observation and motor imagery (S-AOMI), alternate action observation and motor imagery (A-AOMI), synthesis action observation and motor imagery (A-S-AOMI), and a control group. And it was applied 'Different Experimental Groups with Pre and Post Measured' designs. Participants underwent eighteen times of different interventions, which were happened three times a week and lasting for six weeks. We analyzed the information we received based on two-factor (group × times) mixed between and within analysis of variance to discuss the real effects on participants' golf putting performance and learning about different intervention methods of different types of combined action observation and motor imagery. After the intervention, we then used imagery questionnaire and journey to understand the condition and suggestion about different motor imagery and action observation intervention from the participants. The results revealed that the three experimental groups both are effective in putting performance and learning but not for the control group, and the A-S-AOMI group is significantly better effect than S-AOMI group on golf putting performance and learning. The results confirmed the effect of motor imagery combined with action observation on the performance and learning of golf putting. In particular, in the groups of synthesis, motor imagery, or action observation were alternately performed first and then performed motor imagery, and action observation simultaneously would have the best effectiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20skill%20learning" title="motor skill learning">motor skill learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20imagery" title=" motor imagery"> motor imagery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=action%20observation" title=" action observation"> action observation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128207/effects-of-different-kinds-of-combined-action-observation-and-motor-imagery-on-improving-golf-putting-performance-and-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20266</span> Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder as an In-Class Observation Tool for Teachers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Werona%20Kr%C3%B3l-Gierat">Werona Król-Gierat </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The majority of Special Educational Needs checklists are intended for preliminary screening in the special education disability process. The aim of the present paper is to present their potential usefulness as in-class observation tools for teachers working with students who have already been diagnosed with a disorder. A checklist may complement and organize information about a given child, which is indispensable to improve his or her condition. The case of a Polish boy with autism will serve as an example. Last but not the least, alternative uses of checklists are suggested in the article. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20spectrum%20disorders" title="autism spectrum disorders">autism spectrum disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=checklist" title=" checklist"> checklist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=observation%20tool" title=" observation tool "> observation tool </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4981/checklist-for-autism-spectrum-disorder-as-an-in-class-observation-tool-for-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20265</span> Evaluation of Virtual Reality for the Rehabilitation of Athlete Lower Limb Musculoskeletal Injury: A Method for Obtaining Practitioner’s Viewpoints through Observation and Interview</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannah%20K.%20M.%20Tang">Hannah K. M. Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ateeq"> Muhammad Ateeq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20J.%20Lake"> Mark J. Lake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badr%20Abdullah"> Badr Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederic%20A.%20Bezombes"> Frederic A. Bezombes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on a theoretical assessment of current literature, virtual reality (VR) could help to treat sporting injuries in a number of ways. However, it is important to obtain rehabilitation specialists’ perspectives in order to design, develop and validate suitable content for a VR application focused on treatment. Subsequently, a one-day observation and interview study focused on the use of VR for the treatment of lower limb musculoskeletal conditions in athletes was conducted at St George’s Park England National Football Centre with rehabilitation specialists. The current paper established the methods suitable for obtaining practitioner’s viewpoints through observation and interview in this context. Particular detail was provided regarding the method of qualitatively processing interview results using the qualitative data analysis software tool NVivo, in order to produce a narrative of overarching themes. The observations and overarching themes identified could be used as a framework and success criteria of a VR application developed in future research. In conclusion, this work explained the methods deemed suitable for obtaining practitioner’s viewpoints through observation and interview. This was required in order to highlight characteristics and features of a VR application designed to treat lower limb musculoskeletal injury of athletes and could be built upon to direct future work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletes" title="athletes">athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower-limb%20musculoskeletal%20injury" title=" lower-limb musculoskeletal injury"> lower-limb musculoskeletal injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=return-to-sport" title=" return-to-sport"> return-to-sport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title=" virtual reality"> virtual reality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135469/evaluation-of-virtual-reality-for-the-rehabilitation-of-athlete-lower-limb-musculoskeletal-injury-a-method-for-obtaining-practitioners-viewpoints-through-observation-and-interview" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20264</span> Sensor Registration in Multi-Static Sonar Fusion Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Longxiang%20Guo">Longxiang Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haoyan%20Hao"> Haoyan Hao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xueli%20Sheng"> Xueli Sheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanjun%20Yu"> Hanjun Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingwei%20Yin"> Jingwei Yin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to prevent target splitting and ensure the accuracy of fusion, system error registration is an important step in multi-static sonar fusion detection system. To eliminate the inherent system errors including distance error and angle error of each sonar in detection, this paper uses offline estimation method for error registration. Suppose several sonars from different platforms work together to detect a target. The target position detected by each sonar is based on each sonar’s own reference coordinate system. Based on the two-dimensional stereo projection method, this paper uses real-time quality control (RTQC) method and least squares (LS) method to estimate sensor biases. The RTQC method takes the average value of each sonar’s data as the observation value and the LS method makes the least square processing of each sonar’s data to get the observation value. In the underwater acoustic environment, matlab simulation is carried out and the simulation results show that both algorithms can estimate the distance and angle error of sonar system. The performance of the two algorithms is also compared through the root mean square error and the influence of measurement noise on registration accuracy is explored by simulation. The system error convergence of RTQC method is rapid, but the distribution of targets has a serious impact on its performance. LS method can not be affected by target distribution, but the increase of random noise will slow down the convergence rate. LS method is an improvement of RTQC method, which is widely used in two-dimensional registration. The improved method can be used for underwater multi-target detection registration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20fusion" title="data fusion">data fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-static%20sonar%20detection" title=" multi-static sonar detection"> multi-static sonar detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offline%20estimation" title=" offline estimation"> offline estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20registration%20problem" title=" sensor registration problem"> sensor registration problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103631/sensor-registration-in-multi-static-sonar-fusion-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103631.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20263</span> Mechanical Qualification Test Campaign on the Demise Observation Capsule</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Tiseo">B. Tiseo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Quaranta"> V. Quaranta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Bruno"> G. Bruno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Gardi"> R. Gardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Watts"> T. Watts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Dussy"> S. Dussy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the qualification test campaign performed on the Demise Observation Capsule DOC-EQM as part of the Future Launch Preparatory Program FLPP3. The mechanical environment experienced during launch ascent and separation phase was first identified and then replicated in terms of sine, random and shock vibration. The loads identification is derived by selecting the worst possible case. Vibration and shock qualification test performed at CIRA Space Qualification laboratory is herein described. Mechanical fixtures’ design and validation, carried out by means of FEM, is also addressed due to its fundamental role in the vibrational test campaign. The Demise Observation Capsule (DOC) successfully passed the qualification test campaign. Functional test and resonance search have not been point any fault and damages of the capsule. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capsule" title="capsule">capsule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demise" title=" demise"> demise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demise%20observation%20capsule" title=" demise observation capsule"> demise observation capsule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DOC" title=" DOC"> DOC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=launch%20environment" title=" launch environment"> launch environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=re-ntry" title=" re-ntry"> re-ntry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualification" title=" qualification "> qualification </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106423/mechanical-qualification-test-campaign-on-the-demise-observation-capsule" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20262</span> Analysis of Criteria for Determining the Location of Hilal Observation in the Tropical Regions: Study of Hilal Observation Location in Bengkulu City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badrun%20Taman">Badrun Taman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to review the use of the Bengkulu Provincial Government Mess as the location of rukyatul hilal because its determination has not been carried out scientifically. There are three things that will be analyzed, namely geographical-astronomical conditions, the suitability of the location with ideal criteria, and the determination of the location of rukyatul hilal in accordance with regional conditions based on the results of the study. The research method used is qualitative with an astronomical geographical approach. The results showed that the factor that strengthened the disturbance from the weather aspect was the western sky horizon in the form of the Indian Ocean sea level. The potential for geographical disturbances on this horizon is high sea waves, relatively high sea breezes, and more seawater vapor due to sea surface temperatures and high air humidity. This study found new criteria for determining the location of the observation crescent. The criteria is the western horizon is not sea level (especially the Indian Ocean). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criteria" title="criteria">criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=location" title=" location"> location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rukyatul%20Hilal" title=" Rukyatul Hilal"> Rukyatul Hilal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tropics" title=" tropics"> tropics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20ocean" title=" Indian ocean"> Indian ocean</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154295/analysis-of-criteria-for-determining-the-location-of-hilal-observation-in-the-tropical-regions-study-of-hilal-observation-location-in-bengkulu-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20261</span> Erodibility Analysis of Cikapundung Hulu: A Study Case of Mekarwangi Catchment Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shantosa%20Yudha%20Siswanto">Shantosa Yudha Siswanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachmat%20Harryanto"> Rachmat Harryanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of land use and slope steepness on soil erodibility index. The research was conducted from September to December 2013 in Mekarwangi catchment area, sub watershed of Cikapundung Hulu, Indonesia. The study was carried out using descriptive method. Physiographic free survey method was used as survey method, it was a survey based on land physiographic appearance. Soil sampling was carried out into transect on the similarity of slope without calculating the range between points of observation. Soil samples were carried onto three classes of land use such as: forest, plantation and dry cultivation area. Each land use consists of three slope classes such as: 8-15%, 16-25%, and 26-40% class. Five samples of soil were taken from each of them, resulting 45 points of observation. The result of the research showed that type of land use and slope classes gave different effect on soil erodibility. The highest C-organic and permeability was found on forest with slope 16-25%. Slope of 8-15% with forest land use give the lowest effect on soil erodibility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use" title="land use">land use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope" title=" slope"> slope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erodibility" title=" erodibility"> erodibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title=" erosion"> erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8832/erodibility-analysis-of-cikapundung-hulu-a-study-case-of-mekarwangi-catchment-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20260</span> A Folk Theorem with Public Randomization Device in Repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma under Costly Observation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshifumi%20Hino">Yoshifumi Hino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An infinitely repeated prisoner’s dilemma is a typical model that represents teamwork situation. If both players choose costly actions and contribute to the team, then both players are better off. However, each player has an incentive to choose a selfish action. We analyze the game under costly observation. Each player can observe the action of the opponent only when he pays an observation cost in that period. In reality, teamwork situations are often costly observation. Members of some teams sometimes work in distinct rooms, areas, or countries. In those cases, they have to spend their time and money to see other team members if they want to observe it. The costly observation assumption makes the cooperation difficult substantially because the equilibrium must satisfy the incentives not only on the action but also on the observational decision. Especially, it is the most difficult to cooperate each other when the stage-game is prisoner's dilemma because players have to communicate through only two actions. We examine whether or not players can cooperate each other in prisoner’s dilemma under costly observation. Specifically, we check whether symmetric Pareto efficient payoff vectors in repeated prisoner’s dilemma can be approximated by sequential equilibria or not (efficiency result). We show the efficiency result without any randomization device under certain circumstances. It means that players can cooperate with each other without any randomization device even if the observation is costly. Next, we assume that public randomization device is available, and then we show that any feasible and individual rational payoffs in prisoner’s dilemma can be approximated by sequential equilibria under a specific situation (folk theorem). It implies that players can achieve asymmetric teamwork like leadership situation when public randomization device is available. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20observation" title="cost observation">cost observation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=folk%20theorem" title=" folk theorem"> folk theorem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prisoner%27s%20dilemma" title=" prisoner's dilemma"> prisoner's dilemma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20monitoring" title=" private monitoring"> private monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repeated%20games." title=" repeated games."> repeated games.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88894/a-folk-theorem-with-public-randomization-device-in-repeated-prisoners-dilemma-under-costly-observation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20259</span> Parameter Estimation of Gumbel Distribution with Maximum-Likelihood Based on Broyden Fletcher Goldfarb Shanno Quasi-Newton</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dewi%20Retno%20Sari%20Saputro">Dewi Retno Sari Saputro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Purnami%20Widyaningsih"> Purnami Widyaningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hendrika%20Handayani"> Hendrika Handayani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extreme data on an observation can occur due to unusual circumstances in the observation. The data can provide important information that can’t be provided by other data so that its existence needs to be further investigated. The method for obtaining extreme data is one of them using maxima block method. The distribution of extreme data sets taken with the maxima block method is called the distribution of extreme values. Distribution of extreme values is Gumbel distribution with two parameters. The parameter estimation of Gumbel distribution with maximum likelihood method (ML) is difficult to determine its exact value so that it is necessary to solve the approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the parameter estimation of Gumbel distribution with quasi-Newton BFGS method. The quasi-Newton BFGS method is a numerical method used for nonlinear function optimization without constraint so that the method can be used for parameter estimation from Gumbel distribution whose distribution function is in the form of exponential doubel function. The quasi-New BFGS method is a development of the Newton method. The Newton method uses the second derivative to calculate the parameter value changes on each iteration. Newton's method is then modified with the addition of a step length to provide a guarantee of convergence when the second derivative requires complex calculations. In the quasi-Newton BFGS method, Newton's method is modified by updating both derivatives on each iteration. The parameter estimation of the Gumbel distribution by a numerical approach using the quasi-Newton BFGS method is done by calculating the parameter values that make the distribution function maximum. In this method, we need gradient vector and hessian matrix. This research is a theory research and application by studying several journals and textbooks. The results of this study obtained the quasi-Newton BFGS algorithm and estimation of Gumbel distribution parameters. The estimation method is then applied to daily rainfall data in Purworejo District to estimate the distribution parameters. This indicates that the high rainfall that occurred in Purworejo District decreased its intensity and the range of rainfall that occurred decreased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20estimation" title="parameter estimation">parameter estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gumbel%20distribution" title=" Gumbel distribution"> Gumbel distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20likelihood" title=" maximum likelihood"> maximum likelihood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broyden%20fletcher%20goldfarb%20shanno%20%28BFGS%29quasi%20newton" title=" broyden fletcher goldfarb shanno (BFGS)quasi newton "> broyden fletcher goldfarb shanno (BFGS)quasi newton </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73714/parameter-estimation-of-gumbel-distribution-with-maximum-likelihood-based-on-broyden-fletcher-goldfarb-shanno-quasi-newton" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20258</span> Nondestructive Testing for Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Active Infrared Thermography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huy%20Q.%20Tran">Huy Q. Tran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jungwon%20Huh"> Jungwon Huh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiseok%20Kwak"> Kiseok Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choonghyun%20Kang"> Choonghyun Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infrared thermography (IRT) technique has been proven to be a good method for nondestructive evaluation of concrete material. In the building, a broad range of applications has been used such as subsurface defect inspection, energy loss, and moisture detection. The purpose of this research is to consider the qualitative and quantitative performance of reinforced concrete deteriorations using active infrared thermography technique. An experiment of three different heating regimes was conducted on a concrete slab in the laboratory. The thermal characteristics of the IRT method, i.e., absolute contrast and observation time, are investigated. A linear relationship between the observation time and the real depth was established with a well linear regression R-squared of 0.931. The results showed that the absolute contrast above defective area increases with the rise of the size of delamination and the heating time. In addition, the depth of delamination can be predicted by using the proposal relationship of this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20building" title="concrete building">concrete building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrared%20thermography" title=" infrared thermography"> infrared thermography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nondestructive%20evaluation" title=" nondestructive evaluation"> nondestructive evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsurface%20delamination" title=" subsurface delamination"> subsurface delamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84378/nondestructive-testing-for-reinforced-concrete-buildings-with-active-infrared-thermography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20257</span> Determining Components of Deflection of the Vertical in Owerri West Local Government, Imo State Nigeria Using Least Square Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chukwu%20Fidelis%20Ndubuisi">Chukwu Fidelis Ndubuisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madufor%20Michael%20Ozims"> Madufor Michael Ozims</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asogwa%20Vivian%20Ndidiamaka"> Asogwa Vivian Ndidiamaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egenamba%20Juliet%20Ngozi"> Egenamba Juliet Ngozi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okonkwo%20Stephen%20C."> Okonkwo Stephen C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamah%20Chukwudi%20David"> Kamah Chukwudi David</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deflection of the vertical is a quantity used in reducing geodetic measurements related to geoidal networks to the ellipsoidal plane; and it is essential in Geoid modeling processes. Computing the deflection of the vertical component of a point in a given area is necessary in evaluating the standard errors along north-south and east-west direction. Using combined approach for the determination of deflection of the vertical component provides improved result but labor intensive without appropriate method. Least square method is a method that makes use of redundant observation in modeling a given sets of problem that obeys certain geometric condition. This research work is aimed to computing the deflection of vertical component of Owerri West local government area of Imo State using geometric method as field technique. In this method combination of Global Positioning System on static mode and precise leveling observation were utilized in determination of geodetic coordinate of points established within the study area by GPS observation and the orthometric heights through precise leveling. By least square using Matlab programme; the estimated deflections of vertical component parameters for the common station were -0.0286 and -0.0001 arc seconds for the north-south and east-west components respectively. The associated standard errors of the processed vectors of the network were computed. The computed standard errors of the North-south and East-west components were 5.5911e-005 and 1.4965e-004 arc seconds, respectively. Therefore, including the derived component of deflection of the vertical to the ellipsoidal model will yield high observational accuracy since an ellipsoidal model is not tenable due to its far observational error in the determination of high quality job. It is important to include the determined deflection of the vertical component for Owerri West Local Government in Imo State, Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deflection%20of%20vertical" title="deflection of vertical">deflection of vertical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ellipsoidal%20height" title=" ellipsoidal height"> ellipsoidal height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20square" title=" least square"> least square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthometric%20height" title=" orthometric height"> orthometric height</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99755/determining-components-of-deflection-of-the-vertical-in-owerri-west-local-government-imo-state-nigeria-using-least-square-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20256</span> Measurement of Ionospheric Plasma Distribution over Myanmar Using Single Frequency Global Positioning System Receiver </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Win%20Zaw%20Hein">Win Zaw Hein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khin%20Sandar%20Linn"> Khin Sandar Linn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su%20Su%20Yi%20Mon"> Su Su Yi Mon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshitaka%20Goto"> Yoshitaka Goto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Earth ionosphere is located at the altitude of about 70 km to several 100 km from the ground, and it is composed of ions and electrons called plasma. In the ionosphere, these plasma makes delay in GPS (Global Positioning System) signals and reflect in radio waves. The delay along the signal path from the satellite to the receiver is directly proportional to the total electron content (TEC) of plasma, and this delay is the largest error factor in satellite positioning and navigation. Sounding observation from the top and bottom of the ionosphere was popular to investigate such ionospheric plasma for a long time. Recently, continuous monitoring of the TEC using networks of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) observation stations, which are basically built for land survey, has been conducted in several countries. However, in these stations, multi-frequency support receivers are installed to estimate the effect of plasma delay using their frequency dependence and the cost of multi-frequency support receivers are much higher than single frequency support GPS receiver. In this research, single frequency GPS receiver was used instead of expensive multi-frequency GNSS receivers to measure the ionospheric plasma variation such as vertical TEC distribution. In this measurement, single-frequency support ublox GPS receiver was used to probe ionospheric TEC. The location of observation was assigned at Mandalay Technological University in Myanmar. In the method, the ionospheric TEC distribution is represented by polynomial functions for latitude and longitude, and parameters of the functions are determined by least-squares fitting on pseudorange data obtained at a known location under an assumption of thin layer ionosphere. The validity of the method was evaluated by measurements obtained by the Japanese GNSS observation network called GEONET. The performance of measurement results using single-frequency of GPS receiver was compared with the results by dual-frequency measurement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionosphere" title="ionosphere">ionosphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20positioning%20system" title=" global positioning system"> global positioning system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS" title=" GPS"> GPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionospheric%20delay" title=" ionospheric delay"> ionospheric delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20electron%20content" title=" total electron content"> total electron content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TEC" title=" TEC"> TEC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111009/measurement-of-ionospheric-plasma-distribution-over-myanmar-using-single-frequency-global-positioning-system-receiver" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20255</span> Matrix Completion with Heterogeneous Cost</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilqar%20Ramazanli">Ilqar Ramazanli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The matrix completion problem has been studied broadly under many underlying conditions. The problem has been explored under adaptive or non-adaptive, exact or estimation, single-phase or multi-phase, and many other categories. In most of these cases, the observation cost of each entry is uniform and has the same cost across the columns. However, in many real-life scenarios, we could expect elements from distinct columns or distinct positions to have a different cost. In this paper, we explore this generalization under adaptive conditions. We approach the problem under two different cost models. The first one is that entries from different columns have different observation costs, but within the same column, each entry has a uniform cost. The second one is any two entry has different observation cost, despite being the same or different columns. We provide complexity analysis of our algorithms and provide tightness guarantees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matroid%20optimization" title="matroid optimization">matroid optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20completion" title=" matrix completion"> matrix completion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20algebra" title=" linear algebra"> linear algebra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithms" title=" algorithms"> algorithms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149618/matrix-completion-with-heterogeneous-cost" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20254</span> Observing the Observers: Journalism and the Gendered Newsroom </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Silveirinha">M. Silveirinha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Lobo"> P. Lobo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last few decades, many studies have documented a systematic under-representation of women in the news. Aside from being fewer than men, research has also shown that they are frequently portrayed according to traditional stereotypes that have been proven to be disadvantageous for women. When considering this problem, it has often been argued that news content will be more gender balanced when the number of female journalists increases. However, the recent so-called ‘feminization’ of media professions has shown that this assumption is too simplistic. If we want to better grasp gender biases in news content we will need to take a deeper approach into the processes of news production and into journalism culture itself, taking the study of newsmaking as a starting point and theoretical framework, with the purpose of examining the actual newsroom routines, professional values, structures and news access that eventually lead to an unbalanced media representation of women. If journalists consider themselves to be observers of everyday social and political life, of specific importance, as a vast body of research shows, is the observation of women journalist’s believes and of their roles and practices in a gendered newsroom. In order to better understand the professional and organizational context of news production, and the gender power relations in decision-making processes, we conducted a participant observation in two television newsrooms. Our approach involved a combination of methods, including overt observation itself, formal and informal interviews and the writing-up and analysis of our own diaries. Drawing insights in organizational sociology, we took newsroom practices to be a result of professional routines and socialization and focused on how women and men respond to newsroom dynamics and structures. We also analyzed the gendered organization of the newsmaking process and the subtle and/or obvious glass-ceiling obstacles often reported on. In our paper we address two levels of research: first, we look at our results and establish an overview of the patterns of continuity between the gendering of organizations, working conditions and professional journalist beliefs. At this level, the study not only interrogates how journalists handle views on gender and the practice of the profession but also highlights the structural inequalities in journalism and the pervasiveness of family–work tensions for female journalists. Secondly, we reflect on our observation method, and establish a critical assessment of the method itself. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=journalism" title=" journalism"> journalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participant%20observation" title=" participant observation"> participant observation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31071/observing-the-observers-journalism-and-the-gendered-newsroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20253</span> Effect of Group Psychotherapy with Sertraline on Mental Health Status of Adolescents with First-Episode Depression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Yuan">Li Yuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The combination of group psychology and Sertraline was used to explore the impact on the mental health status of adolescent patients with first-episode depression. Methods: A total of 118 adolescent depressed patients admitted to Yan'an University Hospital from October 2023 to August 2024 were divided into control group and observation group by random single blind method with 59 patients in each group. The two groups were treated with Sertraline, the control group received usual care, and the observation group used the usual care. The scores of mental health status and sleep quality index were compared between the two groups. Results: In intra-group comparison, the mental health status and sleep quality of the observation and control groups were better than the pre-intervention scores, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Post-intervention comparison: HAMA and HAMD scores were (12.36 ± 2.13) and (11.78 ± 2.02), significantly lower than (16.52 ± 2.09) and (15.79 ± 2.46), respectively (all P <0.05); PSQI score was (7.66 ± 1.05) and significantly lower (9.88 ± 3.01), with statistically significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion: Self-regulation can improve their mental health and sleep quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20psychotherapy" title="group psychotherapy">group psychotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sertraline" title=" Sertraline"> Sertraline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescent" title=" adolescent"> adolescent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health%20status" title=" mental health status"> mental health status</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191492/effect-of-group-psychotherapy-with-sertraline-on-mental-health-status-of-adolescents-with-first-episode-depression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">27</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20252</span> The Use of Culture as a Campaign Method in Indonesian Parliamentary Election </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azza%20Habibullah">Azza Habibullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The principal objective of this paper is to show the use of participatory culture in the parliamentarian campaign. The use of this method has always been non-popular amongst the parliamentarian candidates due to the amount of times and energy that they need to spent with the constituents. However, due to many parliamentarian corruption cases in the last five years period, some political party have been losing peoples trust. That political party trust lost had also affecting the parliamentarian candidates electability, so they invent some creative campaign method that involving their constituent with more intimates and friendly environment. In this paper, an observation is done to a parliamentarian candidate from Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (Prosperous Justice Party) in Bandung and Cimahi City area, West Java. This Parliamentraian candidate is known for her personal-approach campaign method such as a puppet show, hanging out with group of ex-bike gang leaders, and going fishing with the constituent. This paper will compare her method with other parliamentarian candidates from the same party as her that mostly use mainstream campaign method such as open speech, print media, an other one way campaign method. While the other parliamentarian candidates failed to reach the parliamentarian threshold, the participatory method had proven as an effective method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participatory%20culture" title="participatory culture">participatory culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesian%20parliamentary%20election" title=" Indonesian parliamentary election"> Indonesian parliamentary election</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prosperous%20Justice%20Party" title=" Prosperous Justice Party"> Prosperous Justice Party</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electability" title=" electability"> electability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10719/the-use-of-culture-as-a-campaign-method-in-indonesian-parliamentary-election" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20251</span> Analysis of Filtering in Stochastic Systems on Continuous- Time Memory Observations in the Presence of Anomalous Noises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Rozhkova">S. Rozhkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Rozhkova"> O. Rozhkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Harlova"> A. Harlova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Lasukov"> V. Lasukov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For optimal unbiased filter as mean-square and in the case of functioning anomalous noises in the observation memory channel, we have proved insensitivity of filter to inaccurate knowledge of the anomalous noise intensity matrix and its equivalence to truncated filter plotted only by non anomalous components of an observation vector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20expectation" title="mathematical expectation">mathematical expectation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filtration" title=" filtration"> filtration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anomalous%20noise" title=" anomalous noise"> anomalous noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28833/analysis-of-filtering-in-stochastic-systems-on-continuous-time-memory-observations-in-the-presence-of-anomalous-noises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20250</span> Real-Time Observation of Concentration Distribution for Mix Liquids including Water in Micro Fluid Channel with Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroki%20Takiguchi">Hiroki Takiguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masahiro%20Furuya"> Masahiro Furuya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takahiro%20Arai"> Takahiro Arai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to quantitatively comprehend thermal flow for some industrial applications such as nuclear and chemical reactors, detailed measurements for temperature and abundance (concentration) of materials at high temporal and spatial resolution are required. Additionally, rigorous evaluation of the size effect is also important for practical realization. This paper introduces a real-time spectroscopic imaging method in micro scale field, which visualizes temperature and concentration distribution of a liquid or mix liquids with near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region. This imaging principle is based on absorption of pre-selected narrow band from absorption spectrum peak or its dependence property of target liquid in NIR region. For example, water has a positive temperature sensitivity in the wavelength at 1905 nm, therefore the temperature of water can be measured using the wavelength band. In the experiment, the real-time imaging observation of concentration distribution in micro channel was demonstrated to investigate the applicability of micro-scale diffusion coefficient and temperature measurement technique using this proposed method. The effect of thermal diffusion and binary mutual diffusion was evaluated with the time-series visualizations of concentration distribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-infrared%20spectroscopic%20imaging" title="near-infrared spectroscopic imaging">near-infrared spectroscopic imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20fluid%20channel" title=" micro fluid channel"> micro fluid channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration%20distribution" title=" concentration distribution"> concentration distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion%20phenomenon" title=" diffusion phenomenon"> diffusion phenomenon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82076/real-time-observation-of-concentration-distribution-for-mix-liquids-including-water-in-micro-fluid-channel-with-near-infrared-spectroscopic-imaging-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20249</span> The Spanish Didactic Book 'El Calculo Y La Medida en El Primer Grado De La Escuela Decroly' (1934): A Look at the Mathematical Knowledge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20Chiarini%20Balbino%20Fernandes">Juliana Chiarini Balbino Fernandes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article aims to investigate the Spanish didactic book, entitled ‘El Calculo y La Medida en El Primer Grado de La Escuela Decroly’, written by Dr. O. Decroly and A. Hamaide, published in Madrid, in the year 1934. In addition to analyzing how mathematical knowledge is present in the proposed Centers of Interest. The textbooks, in addition to pedagogical tools, reflect a certain moment in society and allow the analysis of the theoretical-methodological proposal that can be implemented by the teacher. The study proposed here will be carried out by the lens of Cultural History, supported by Roger Chartier (1991) and by the concepts on textbooks, based on Alain Choppin (2004). The textbook selected for this study exposes a program of ideas associated with the method of Centers of Interest and arithmetic is linked to these interests. In the first courses (six to eight years), most centers can be considered to correspond to occasional calls, as they take advantage of events that arise spontaneously to work with observation, measurement, association and expression exercises. The program of ideas associated with Centers of Interest addresses the biological and social aspects of children, as long as they can express their needs for activities and games, satisfying the natural curiosity. Still, the program of associated ideas offers occasions for problems whose data are taken in observation exercises and concrete expressions (manuals, drawings). In the method applied at the school of L'Ermitage, school created by Decroly in Belgium in 1907, observation, is the basis of each center of interest. It offers the chance to compare and measure. To observe is more than to perceive; it is also to establish relations between the graded aspects of the same object, to seek relations between different intensities; is to verify successions, special and temporary relationships; is to make comparisons, to notice differences and similarities in block or datable (analysis), is to establish a bridge between the world and the thought. To make the observation more precise, it is important to compare, measure, and resort to considered objects as natural units of measure. Measurement and calculation are, therefore, quite naturally subject to observation. Thus, it is possible to make the child enter into the interest in the calculation, linking it to the observation. It was observed that the Centers of Interest, according to Decroly, should respond to the concerns and attend to the motivations of the students and the teaching of arithmetical must obey a logical seriation, considering the interest and the experience of the children. The teaching of arithmetical should not be limited to the schedule, it should cover every quantitative aspect that arises in the other disciplines. The feeling of unity is established in observation, association and expression, which coordinate a whole program of cultural activities, concentrating it around a central idea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=didactic%20book" title="didactic book">didactic book</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centers%20of%20interest" title=" centers of interest"> centers of interest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20knowledge" title=" mathematical knowledge"> mathematical knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20education" title=" primary education"> primary education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92454/the-spanish-didactic-book-el-calculo-y-la-medida-en-el-primer-grado-de-la-escuela-decroly-1934-a-look-at-the-mathematical-knowledge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20248</span> Analysis of Dynamics Underlying the Observation Time Series by Using a Singular Spectrum Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Delage">O. Delage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Bencherif"> H. Bencherif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Portafaix"> T. Portafaix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bourdier"> A. Bourdier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of time series analysis is to learn about the dynamics behind some time ordered measurement data. Two approaches are used in the literature to get a better knowledge of the dynamics contained in observation data sequences. The first of these approaches concerns time series decomposition, which is an important analysis step allowing patterns and behaviors to be extracted as components providing insight into the mechanisms producing the time series. As in many cases, time series are short, noisy, and non-stationary. To provide components which are physically meaningful, methods such as Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) or, more recently, Empirical Adaptive Wavelet Decomposition (EAWD) have been proposed. The second approach is to reconstruct the dynamics underlying the time series as a trajectory in state space by mapping a time series into a set of Rᵐ lag vectors by using the method of delays (MOD). Takens has proved that the trajectory obtained with the MOD technic is equivalent to the trajectory representing the dynamics behind the original time series. This work introduces the singular spectrum decomposition (SSD), which is a new adaptive method for decomposing non-linear and non-stationary time series in narrow-banded components. This method takes its origin from singular spectrum analysis (SSA), a nonparametric spectral estimation method used for the analysis and prediction of time series. As the first step of SSD is to constitute a trajectory matrix by embedding a one-dimensional time series into a set of lagged vectors, SSD can also be seen as a reconstruction method like MOD. We will first give a brief overview of the existing decomposition methods (EMD-EWT-EAWD). The SSD method will then be described in detail and applied to experimental time series of observations resulting from total columns of ozone measurements. The results obtained will be compared with those provided by the previously mentioned decomposition methods. We will also compare the reconstruction qualities of the observed dynamics obtained from the SSD and MOD methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20series%20analysis" title="time series analysis">time series analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20time%20series%20decomposition" title=" adaptive time series decomposition"> adaptive time series decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet" title=" wavelet"> wavelet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20space%20reconstruction" title=" phase space reconstruction"> phase space reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20spectrum%20analysis" title=" singular spectrum analysis"> singular spectrum analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147886/analysis-of-dynamics-underlying-the-observation-time-series-by-using-a-singular-spectrum-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20247</span> Density Measurement of Underexpanded Jet Using Stripe Patterned Background Oriented Schlieren Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinsuke%20Udagawa">Shinsuke Udagawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masato%20Yamagishi"> Masato Yamagishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masanori%20Ota"> Masanori Ota</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Schlieren method, which has been conventionally used to visualize high-speed flows, has disadvantages such as the complexity of the experimental setup and the inability to quantitatively analyze the amount of refraction of light. The Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) method proposed by Meier is one of the measurement methods that solves the problems, as mentioned above. The refraction of light is used for BOS method same as the Schlieren method. The BOS method is characterized using a digital camera to capture the images of the background behind the observation area. The images are later analyzed by a computer to quantitatively detect the amount of shift of the background image. The experimental setup for BOS does not require concave mirrors, pinholes, or color filters, which are necessary in the conventional Schlieren method, thus simplifying the experimental setup. However, the defocusing of the observation results is caused in case of using BOS method. Since the focus of camera on the background image leads to defocusing of the observed object. The defocusing of object becomes greater with increasing the distance between the background and the object. On the other hand, the higher sensitivity can be obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the distance between the background and the object to be appropriate for the experiment, considering the relation between the defocus and the sensitivity. The purpose of this study is to experimentally clarify the effect of defocus on density field reconstruction. In this study, the visualization experiment of underexpanded jet using BOS measurement system with ronchi ruling as the background that we constructed, have been performed. The reservoir pressure of the jet and the distance between camera and axis of jet is fixed, and the distance between background and axis of jet has been changed as the parameter. The images have been later analyzed by using personal computer to quantitatively detect the amount of shift of the background image from the comparison between the background pattern and the captured image of underexpanded jet. The quantitatively measured amount of shift have been reconstructed into a density flow field using the Abel transformation and the Gradstone-Dale equation. From the experimental results, it is found that the reconstructed density image becomes blurring, and noise becomes decreasing with increasing the distance between background and axis of underexpanded jet. Consequently, it is cralified that the sensitivity constant should be greater than 20, and the circle of confusion diameter should be less than 2.7mm at least in this experimental setup. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BOS%20method" title="BOS method">BOS method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underexpanded%20jet" title=" underexpanded jet"> underexpanded jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abel%20transformation" title=" abel transformation"> abel transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20field%20visualization" title=" density field visualization"> density field visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170604/density-measurement-of-underexpanded-jet-using-stripe-patterned-background-oriented-schlieren-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20246</span> Analysis of Translational Ship Oscillations in a Realistic Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Zhang">Chen Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernhard%20Schwarz-R%C3%B6hr"> Bernhard Schwarz-Röhr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20H%C3%A4rting"> Alexander Härting</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To acquire accurate ship motions at the center of gravity, a single low-cost inertial sensor is utilized and applied on board to measure ship oscillating motions. As observations, the three axes accelerations and three axes rotational rates provided by the sensor are used. The mathematical model of processing the observation data includes determination of the distance vector between the sensor and the center of gravity in x, y, and z directions. After setting up the transfer matrix from sensor’s own coordinate system to the ship’s body frame, an extended Kalman filter is applied to deal with nonlinearities between the ship motion in the body frame and the observation information in the sensor’s frame. As a side effect, the method eliminates sensor noise and other unwanted errors. Results are not only roll and pitch, but also linear motions, in particular heave and surge at the center of gravity. For testing, we resort to measurements recorded on a small vessel in a well-defined sea state. With response amplitude operators computed numerically by a commercial software (Seaway), motion characteristics are estimated. These agree well with the measurements after processing with the suggested method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extended%20Kalman%20filter" title="extended Kalman filter">extended Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20estimation" title=" nonlinear estimation"> nonlinear estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20trial" title=" sea trial"> sea trial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ship%20motion%20estimation" title=" ship motion estimation"> ship motion estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65199/analysis-of-translational-ship-oscillations-in-a-realistic-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 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