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data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Umchazatho" title="Siyetusa ukuba udale umazisi ungene ngawo; kodwa akuphoqelekile" class=""><span>Dala i-akhawunti</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Umchazatho" title="Uyagqugquzelwa ukuthi ungene, kodwa akubalulekile [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ngena</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Amathuluzi omsebenzisi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" 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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>uMsuka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-uMsuka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izimiso_zanamuhla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izimiso_zanamuhla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Izimiso zanamuhla</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Izimiso_zanamuhla-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Izimiso zanamuhla subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Izimiso_zanamuhla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-uTho" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#uTho"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>uTho</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-uTho-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-iChwe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iChwe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>iChwe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iChwe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-iNhlwa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iNhlwa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>iNhlwa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iNhlwa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imithombo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imithombo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Imithombo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imithombo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Umchazatho</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 235 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-235" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">235 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie – i-Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chemie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="i-Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie – isi-Swiss German" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Chemie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="isi-Swiss German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B0_%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%AD_%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%93%E1%89%B5" title="የጥንተ ንጥር ጥናት – isi-Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የጥንተ ንጥር ጥናት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="isi-Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimica" title="Quimica – isi-Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Quimica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="isi-Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रसायनशास्त्र – isi-Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रसायनशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="isi-Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="كيمياء – isi-Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيمياء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="isi-Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%9D%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܟܝܡܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܝܡܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A" title="شيمي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="شيمي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كيميا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيميا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ৰসায়ন বিজ্ঞান – isi-Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰসায়ন বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="isi-Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química – isi-Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Química" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="isi-Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – isi-Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="isi-Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razopa" title="Razopa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Razopa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रसायनशास्‍त्र – isi-Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रसायनशास्‍त्र" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="isi-Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimya" title="Kimya – isi-Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kimya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="isi-Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C" title="شیمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شیمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – isi-Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="isi-Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemii" title="Kemii – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kemii" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kem%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Kemėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kemėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kimika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хімія – isi-Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хімія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="isi-Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хімія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хімія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – isi-Bulgari" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="isi-Bulgari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रसायनशास्‍त्र – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रसायनशास्‍त्र" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemistri" title="Kemistri – isi-Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kemistri" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="isi-Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဓာတုဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဓာတုဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="রসায়ন – isi-Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রসায়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="isi-Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%AB%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="རྫས་འགྱུར་རིག་པ། – isi-Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྫས་འགྱུར་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="isi-Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimiezh" title="Kimiezh – isi-Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kimiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="isi-Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemija" title="Hemija – isi-Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hemija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="isi-Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Хими – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хими" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química – isi-Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Química" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="isi-Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimica" title="Quimica – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Quimica" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1-h%C5%8Fk" title="Huá-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huá-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika – isi-Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kimika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="isi-Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%91%E1%8F%B0%E1%8F%97%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B4%E1%8E%B2%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%85%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%98" title="ᎠᏑᏰᏗᏧᏓᎴᎲᏓᏅᏬᏘ – isi-Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏑᏰᏗᏧᏓᎴᎲᏓᏅᏬᏘ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="isi-Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کیمیا – isi-Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کیمیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="isi-Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimica" title="Chimica – isi-Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Chimica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="isi-Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himiya" title="Himiya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Himiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie – isi-Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chemie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="isi-Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemij%C3%B4" title="Chemijô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Chemijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Хими – isi-Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хими" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="isi-Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemeg" title="Cemeg – isi-Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cemeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="isi-Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemi" title="Kemi – isi-Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kemi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="isi-Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie – isi-German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chemie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="isi-German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B6c%C3%ABk%C3%A4ti%C9%94%C9%94p" title="Piöcëkätiɔɔp – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piöcëkätiɔɔp" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimya" title="Kimya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kimya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A9%DE%89%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7%DE%87%DE%A9_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ކީމިއާއީ އިލްމު – isi-Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކީމިއާއީ އިލްމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="isi-Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Χημεία – isi-Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χημεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="isi-Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9mmica" title="Chémmica – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Chémmica" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry – i-English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chemistry" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="i-English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemio" title="Kemio – isi-Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kemio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="isi-Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química – isi-Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Química" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="isi-Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemia" title="Keemia – isi-Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keemia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="isi-Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika – isi-Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kimika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="isi-Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Química" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C" title="شیمی – isi-Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیمی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="isi-Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemia" title="Kemia – isi-Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kemia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="isi-Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemi%C3%A4" title="Keemiä – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Keemiä" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemisitiri" title="Kemisitiri – isi-Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kemisitiri" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="isi-Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evnafr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Evnafrøði – isi-Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Evnafrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="isi-Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie – isi-French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chimie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="isi-French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C2%B7imie" title="Ch·imie – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ch·imie" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemii" title="Chemii – isi-Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Chemii" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="isi-Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimiche" title="Chimiche – isi-Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Chimiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="isi-Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiekunde" title="Skiekunde – isi-Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skiekunde" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="isi-Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceimic" title="Ceimic – isi-Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceimic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="isi-Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學 – isi-Gan Chinese" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="化學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="isi-Gan Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimi" title="Chimi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Chimi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceimigeachd" title="Ceimigeachd – isi-Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ceimigeachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="isi-Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química – isi-Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Química" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="isi-Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADmika" title="Kímika – isi-Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kímika" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="isi-Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – isi-Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="isi-Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%A3_%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="રસાયણ શાસ્ત્ર – isi-Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રસાયણ શાસ્ત્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="isi-Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achajaya" title="Achajaya – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Achajaya" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemmig" title="Kemmig – isi-Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kemmig" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="isi-Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimiyya" title="Kimiyya – isi-Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kimiyya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="isi-Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Fa-ho̍k – isi-Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fa-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="isi-Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemika" title="Kemika – isi-Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kemika" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="isi-Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94" title="כימיה – isi-Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כימיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="isi-Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="रसायन विज्ञान – isi-Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रसायन विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="isi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasayan_vigyan" title="Rasayan vigyan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rasayan vigyan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemija" title="Kemija – isi-Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kemija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="isi-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimi" title="Chimi – isi-Haitian" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Chimi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="isi-Haitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9mia" title="Kémia – isi-Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kémia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="isi-Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Քիմիա – isi-Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քիմիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="isi-Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տարրաբանութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Տարրաբանութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimia" title="Chimia – izilimi ezihlangene" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Chimia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="izilimi ezihlangene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – isi-Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="isi-Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – isi-Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="isi-Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie – izimili" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Chimie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="izimili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADmika" title="Kímika – isi-Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kímika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="isi-Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Хими – isi-Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Хими" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="isi-Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemio" title="Kemio – isi-Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kemio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="isi-Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efnafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Efnafræði – isi-Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Efnafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isi-Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimica" title="Chimica – isi-Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chimica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="isi-Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – isi-Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="isi-Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimischri" title="Kimischri – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kimischri" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xumske" title="xumske – isi-Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xumske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="isi-Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – isi-Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="isi-Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ქიმია – isi-Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქიმია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="isi-Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ximiya" title="Ximiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ximiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takrura" title="Takrura – isi-Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Takrura" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="isi-Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siimii_l%C9%9B%C9%A3t%CA%8B" title="Siimii lɛɣtʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Siimii lɛɣtʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemu" title="Kemu – isi-Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Kemu" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="isi-Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – isi-Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="isi-Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="គីមីវិទ្យា – isi-Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="គីមីវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="isi-Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – isi-Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="isi-Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="화학 – isi-Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="isi-Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%9A%D9%86" title="رسایٚن – isi-Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="رسایٚن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="isi-Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AEmya" title="Kîmya – isi-Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kîmya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="isi-Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kymystry" title="Kymystry – isi-Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kymystry" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="isi-Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – isi-Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="isi-Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemia" title="Chemia – isi-Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chemia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="isi-Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemika" title="Kemika – isi-Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kemika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="isi-Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie – isi-Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Chimie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="isi-Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – isi-Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="isi-Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimica" title="Cimica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cimica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebyobuziba" title="Ebyobuziba – isi-Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ebyobuziba" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="isi-Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie – isi-Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Chemie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="isi-Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimica" title="Chimica – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Chimica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimica" title="Chimica – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Chimica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADmica" title="Chímica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Chímica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9mi" title="Kémi – isi-Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kémi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="isi-Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ເຄມີສາດ – isi-Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຄມີສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="isi-Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemija" title="Chemija – isi-Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chemija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="isi-Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmija" title="Ķīmija – isi-Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīmija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="isi-Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रसायनशास्‍त्र – isi-Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रसायनशास्‍त्र" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="isi-Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Химиясь – isi-Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Химиясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="isi-Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simia" title="Simia – isi-Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Simia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="isi-Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Химий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Химий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81tauranga_mat%C5%AB" title="Mātauranga matū – isi-Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mātauranga matū" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="isi-Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – isi-Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="isi-Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хемија – isi-Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хемија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="isi-Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="രസതന്ത്രം – isi-Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രസതന്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="isi-Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Хими – isi-Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хими" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="isi-Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ – isi-Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="isi-Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रसायनशास्त्र – isi-Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रसायनशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="isi-Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – isi-Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="isi-Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika – isi-Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kimika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="isi-Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química – isi-Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Química" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="isi-Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဓာတုဗေဒ – isi-Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဓာတုဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="isi-Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – isi-Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="isi-Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کیمیا – isi-Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کیمیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="isi-Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie – isi-Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Chemie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="isi-Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheikunde" title="Scheikunde – isi-Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Scheikunde" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="isi-Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रसायनशास्त्र – isi-Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रसायनशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="isi-Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रसायनशास्त्र – isi-Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रसायनशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="isi-Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheikunde" title="Scheikunde – isi-Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Scheikunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="isi-Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjemi" title="Kjemi – isi-Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kjemi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="isi-Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjemi" title="Kjemi – isi-Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjemi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="isi-Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemie" title="Kemie – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kemie" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Chimie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khemistri" title="Khemistri – isi-Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Khemistri" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="isi-Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia – isi-Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quimia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="isi-Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemistirii" title="Kemistirii – isi-Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kemistirii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="isi-Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ରସାୟନ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – isi-Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରସାୟନ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="isi-Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Хими – isi-Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хими" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="isi-Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – isi-Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="isi-Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9mie" title="Kémie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Kémie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemistrii" title="Kemistrii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Kemistrii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemia" title="Chemia – isi-Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chemia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="isi-Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کیمسٹری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیمسٹری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="کيميا – isi-Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کيميا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="isi-Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química – isi-Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Química" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="isi-Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaqllisinchi" title="Chaqllisinchi – isi-Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chaqllisinchi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="isi-Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie – isi-Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chimie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="isi-Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie – isi-Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Chimie" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="isi-Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – isi-Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="isi-Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хемія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Хемія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="रसतन्त्रम् – isi-Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रसतन्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="isi-Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – i-Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="i-Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ACmica" title="Chìmica – isi-Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Chìmica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="isi-Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ACmica" title="Chìmica – isi-Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Chìmica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="isi-Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistrie" title="Chemistrie – isi-Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chemistrie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="isi-Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="علم ڪيميا – isi-Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="علم ڪيميا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="isi-Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemija" title="Hemija – isi-Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hemija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="isi-Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takimit" title="Takimit – isi-Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Takimit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="isi-Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="රසායන විද්‍යාව – isi-Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රසායන විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="isi-Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chemistry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9mia" title="Chémia – isi-Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chémia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="isi-Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کیمسٹری – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کیمسٹری" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemija" title="Kemija – isi-Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kemija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="isi-Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemisi" title="Kemisi – isi-Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kemisi" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="isi-Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemishonga" title="Chemishonga – isiShona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chemishonga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="isiShona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimisteri" title="Kimisteri – isi-Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kimisteri" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="isi-Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – isi-Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="isi-Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хемија – isi-Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хемија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="isi-Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhemisi" title="Ikhemisi – isiSwati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Ikhemisi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="isiSwati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Chemie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – isi-Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="isi-Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemi" title="Kemi – isi-Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kemi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="isi-Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemia" title="Kemia – isiSwahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kemia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="isiSwahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chymij%C5%8F" title="Chymijŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Chymijŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வேதியியல் – isi-Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வேதியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="isi-Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಭೂ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭೂ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="రసాయన శాస్త్రం – isi-Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రసాయన శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="isi-Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADmika" title="Kímika – isi-Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Kímika" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="isi-Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%91" title="Кимиё – isi-Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кимиё" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="isi-Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="เคมี – isi-Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เคมี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="isi-Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himi%C3%BDa" title="Himiýa – isi-Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Himiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="isi-Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kimika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimj%C9%99" title="Kimjə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kimjə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemi" title="Kemi – isi-Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kemi" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="isi-Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemistri" title="Kemistri – isi-Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Kemistri" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="isi-Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimya" title="Kimya – isi-Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kimya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="isi-Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntivo-Mirhi" title="Ntivo-Mirhi – isi-Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Ntivo-Mirhi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="isi-Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – isi-Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="isi-Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemistre" title="Kemistre – isi-Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Kemistre" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="isi-Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – isi-Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="isi-Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хімія – isi-Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хімія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="isi-Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کیمیا – isi-Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیمیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="isi-Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyo" title="Kimyo – isi-Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kimyo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="isi-Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ACmega" title="Chìmega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Chìmega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himii" title="Himii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Himii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Hóa học – isi-Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hóa học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="isi-Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiemav" title="Kiemav – isi-Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kiemav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="isi-Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchimeye" title="Tchimeye – isi-Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchimeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="isi-Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADmika" title="Kímika – isi-Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kímika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="isi-Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學 – isi-Wu Chinese" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="化學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="isi-Wu Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKhemistri" title="IKhemistri – isiXhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IKhemistri" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="isiXhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ქიმია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქიმია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2" title="כעמיע – isi-Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כעמיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="isi-Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BA%B9%CC%81m%C3%ADstr%C3%AC" title="Kẹ́místrì – isi-Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kẹ́místrì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="isi-Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vayoz" title="Vayoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vayoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheikunde" title="Scheikunde – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Scheikunde" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ – isi-Moroccan Tamazight esivamile" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="isi-Moroccan Tamazight esivamile" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學 – isi-Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="化學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="isi-Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="化學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2a-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Hòa-ha̍k – isi-Min Nan Chinese" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hòa-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="isi-Min Nan Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學 – isi-Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="化學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="isi-Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2329#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Hlela interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Hlela izixhumanisi</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izikhalamagama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Umchazatho" title="Buka ikhasi 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mw-parser-output" lang="zu" dir="ltr"><p><b>umChazatho</b> iyisifundo <a href="/wiki/Inzululwazi" title="Inzululwazi">senzululwazi</a> ye<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zakhi (ikhasi alikho)">zakhi</a> kanye nokucondoza <a href="/wiki/IMpahla" class="mw-redirect" title="IMpahla">koTho</a>. Iyisayensi yemvelo ecwaninga <a href="/wiki/Ama-elementhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ama-elementhi">izinhlwa</a> ezakha uTho kuze kuyofika kwi<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mxube&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mxube (ikhasi alikho)">mxube</a> eyakhiwa <a href="/wiki/IChwe" title="IChwe">amachwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imizwayi" title="Imizwayi">imizwayi</a> nezi<a href="/wiki/Isihonyo" title="Isihonyo">Honyo</a>: Ukwakheka kwazo, uhlaka lwazo, izakhi zazo, ukucondoza kwazo kanye noshintsho ezidlula kulo ngesikhathi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilumbana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zilumbana (ikhasi alikho)">zilumbana</a> nezinye <a href="/wiki/Isiqa" title="Isiqa">iziqa</a>. </p><p>Ngokwesilinganiso sesihloko sawo, umChazatho ungena endaweni emaphakathi <a href="/wiki/Umchazandalo" title="Umchazandalo">komChazandalo</a> no <a href="/wiki/Ibhayoloji" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibhayoloji">nomChazampilo</a>. Ngesinye isikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi <a href="/wiki/Ufundondalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ufundondalo">yisayensi</a> emaphakathi ngoba inikeza isiseko sokuqonda yomibili imikhakha yenzululwazi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eyisisekelo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyisisekelo (ikhasi alikho)">Eyisisekelo</a> nenzululwazi <a href="/w/index.php?title=ESetshenziswayo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ESetshenziswayo (ikhasi alikho)">eSetshenziswayo</a> ezingeni eliyisisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo, umChazatho uchaza izici zokukhula kwesitshalo <i>(botany)</i>, ukubumbeka kwamatshe angenalutho (<a href="/w/index.php?title=UmChazazwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UmChazazwe (ikhasi alikho)">umChazazwe</a>), ukuthi isiNtshongo <i>(ozone)</i> somoyambulunga sakhiwe kanjani nokuthi izinto ezingcolisa imvelo zonakaliswa kanjani uxhaxhamvelo <i>(ecology)</i>, izakhi zenhlabathi enyangeni (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmoikhemistri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmoikhemistri (ikhasi alikho)">cosmoikhemistri</a>), ukuthi imithi yokwelapha isebenza kanjani (umchazamakhambi <i>pharmacology</i>), nokuthi ungabuqoqa kanjani ubufakazi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulibofuzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulibofuzo (ikhasi alikho)">bolibofuzo</a> endaweni yobugebengu <i>(Forensic)</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="uMsuka">uMsuka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umchazatho&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Hlela isigaba: uMsuka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hlela</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umchazatho&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: uMsuka"><span>Hlela umthombo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Umsuka wegama lesizulu elithi "umchazatho" uvela encazelweni yalomkhakha wenzululwazi, ukufindwa kokucondoza kotho, okusho ukuthi kufundwa ngotho, kwenziwa imizamo yokuchaza uTho nezakhi zalo nokucondoza kwalo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izimiso_zanamuhla">Izimiso zanamuhla</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umchazatho&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Hlela isigaba: Izimiso zanamuhla" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hlela</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umchazatho&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Izimiso zanamuhla"><span>Hlela umthombo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lab_bench.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Lab_bench.jpg/250px-Lab_bench.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Lab_bench.jpg/375px-Lab_bench.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Lab_bench.jpg/500px-Lab_bench.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Ingqalaba yesikhungo se-<i>Biochemistry</i>, eNyuvesi yase-Cologne eJalimani</figcaption></figure> <p>Unongo olukhona manje lezinhlaka zechwe lulandela unongo lobunguxa bomngako.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Umchazatho ongokwesiko uqala ngesifundo sezinhlayiyamana eziyisiseko, <a href="/wiki/IChwe" title="IChwe">amachwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imizwayi" title="Imizwayi">imizwayi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Isiqa" title="Isiqa">iziqa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inkimbi" title="Inkimbi">izinkimbi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umncwebe" title="Umncwebe">imincwebe</a> kanye nezinye izinhlanganisela <a href="/wiki/UTho" title="UTho">zotho</a>. UTho lungacwaningwa <a href="/wiki/Izimo_zotho" title="Izimo zotho">esimweni</a> esinqumile, esiluketshezi, nesiluhowo, ngokuqhingwa noma ngokuhlanganyelwa. Ukwenanana, ukusabela nokuguquka okucwaningwa kumchazatho kuvame ukuba umphumela wokwenanana kwamachwe, okuholela ekuhlelekeni kabusha kwezibhonqi zevanga okuyizona ezibhonqa amachwe ndawonye. Ukucondoza okunjalo kuvame ukufundwa engqalabeni yomchazatho. </p><p>Ingqalaba yomchazatho ivame ukusebenzisa amagabha wengqalaba akhethekile. Kodwana, amagabha wengqalaba awayona ingqikithi yomchazatho, futhi miningi imigcanso yomchazatho eyenziwa ngaphandle kwawo. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg/220px-Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg/330px-Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg/440px-Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1818" /></a><figcaption>Izibhunyela zeziqa ezisemagabheni, zihlanganisa izimunyu nezintuhla ezikhanyiswe ngemilobolobo</figcaption></figure> <p>Ukusabela kwevanga kuwukuguquka kwezinye iziqa zibe ezinye ezihlukile.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="uTho">uTho</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umchazatho&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Hlela isigaba: uTho" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hlela</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umchazatho&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: uTho"><span>Hlela umthombo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/UTho" title="UTho">UTho</a></div> <p>Ngokomchazatho, uTho luchasiswa njenganoma yini enesisindo esiphumule nommumatho (edla indawo) futhi eyakhiwa iz<a href="/wiki/Inhlayiyana" title="Inhlayiyana">inhlayiyana</a>. Izinhlayiyana ezakha uTho nazo zinesisindo esiphumule, – akuzona zonke izinhlayiyana ezinesisindo esiphumule, <a href="/wiki/Ibane" title="Ibane">njengamabane</a>. UTho lungaba yisiqa esicwebileyo noma iziqa ezixubene.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="iChwe">iChwe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umchazatho&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Hlela isigaba: iChwe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hlela</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umchazatho&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: iChwe"><span>Hlela umthombo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/IChwe" title="IChwe">IChwe</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atom_Diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Atom_Diagram.svg/170px-Atom_Diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Atom_Diagram.svg/255px-Atom_Diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Atom_Diagram.svg/340px-Atom_Diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>isifaniso sechwe ngokonongo lukaRutherford</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/IChwe" title="IChwe">IChwe</a> liwumuvo oyisiseko womchazatho. Luqukethe umnyondo olugqinsi obizwa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuzi_lechwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inuzi lechwe (ikhasi alikho)">inuzi lechwe</a> elizungezwe umkhathi onefu lenzuba. INuzi lakhiwa <a href="/wiki/INelesi" title="INelesi">izinelesi</a> ezinomlelesa ovumayo <a href="/wiki/INtunge" title="INtunge">nezintunge</a> ezingenawo umlelesa (kokubili kubizwa izintungesi), kuyilapho ifu <a href="/wiki/INxelesi" title="INxelesi">lenzuba</a> lona ligcwele izinzuba ezinomlelesa ophikayo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="iNhlwa">iNhlwa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umchazatho&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Hlela isigaba: iNhlwa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hlela</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umchazatho&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: iNhlwa"><span>Hlela umthombo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg/300px-Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg/450px-Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg/600px-Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>Umumo ovamile wecansi lezinhlwa zevanga. Imibala omelela izigceme ezihlukile zezinhlwa.</figcaption></figure> <div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inhlwa_yevanga" title="Inhlwa yevanga">Inhlwa yevanga</a></div> <p>Inhlwa yevanga yisiqa esicwebileyo esakhiwa uhlobo olulodwa lechwe, olwaziwa ngenani lalo <a href="/wiki/INelesi" title="INelesi">lezinelesi</a> enuzini lechwe, elaziwa ngokuthi <a href="/wiki/Inani_lobuchwe" title="Inani lobuchwe">inani lobuchwe</a> nelimelelwa uphawu <i>Z</i>. Inani lesisindo liyisamba senani lezinelesi nezintunge enuzini. Nakuba wonke amanuzi wamachwe wonke wenhlwa eyodwa anenani lobuchwe elifanayo, kungenzeka angabi nenani lesisindo elifanayo; amachwe wenhlwa anenani lesisindo elihlukile aziwa ngokuthi <a href="/wiki/IChembe" title="IChembe">amaChembe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Imithombo">Imithombo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umchazatho&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Hlela isigaba: Imithombo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hlela</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umchazatho&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Imithombo"><span>Hlela umthombo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/684121/chemical-bonding/43383/The-quantum-mechanical-model">"chemical bonding"</a>. <i>Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/684121/chemical-bonding/43383/The-quantum-mechanical-model">https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/684121/chemical-bonding/43383/The-quantum-mechanical-model</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 1 November 2012</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=chemical+bonding&rft.atitle=Britannica&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F684121%2Fchemical-bonding%2F43383%2FThe-quantum-mechanical-model&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Umchazatho"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=49">Matter: Atoms from Democritus to Dalton</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070228203304/http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=49">Archived</a> 28 February 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. by Anthony Carpi, Ph.D.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">IUPAC <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_Book&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gold Book (ikhasi alikho)">Gold Book</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01033.html">Definition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070304035235/http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01033.html">Archived</a> 4 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Armstrong, James (2012). <i>General, Organic, and Biochemistry: An Applied Approach</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brooks/Cole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brooks/Cole (ikhasi alikho)">Brooks/Cole</a>. p. 48. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Book Number (ikhasi alikho)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-534-49349-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-534-49349-3">978-0-534-49349-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General%2C+Organic%2C+and+Biochemistry%3A+An+Applied+Approach&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Brooks%2FCole&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-534-49349-3&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzu.wikipedia.org%3AUmchazatho" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70350">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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