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coding</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Run length coding"> <meta name="keywords" content="Run length coding"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Run length coding"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1202</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Run length coding</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1202</span> Coding of DWT Coefficients using Run-length Coding and Huffman Coding for the Purpose of Color Image Compression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Varun%20Setia">Varun Setia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vinod%20Kumar"> Vinod Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In present paper we proposed a simple and effective method to compress an image. Here we found success in size reduction of an image without much compromising with it-s quality. Here we used Haar Wavelet Transform to transform our original image and after quantization and thresholding of DWT coefficients Run length coding and Huffman coding schemes have been used to encode the image. DWT is base for quite populate JPEG 2000 technique.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lossy%20compression" title="Lossy compression">Lossy compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DWT" title=" DWT"> DWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=quantization" title=" quantization"> quantization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Run%20length%20coding" title=" Run length coding"> Run length coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Huffman%20coding" title=" Huffman coding"> Huffman coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=JPEG2000." title=" JPEG2000."> JPEG2000.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12609/coding-of-dwt-coefficients-using-run-length-coding-and-huffman-coding-for-the-purpose-of-color-image-compression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12609/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12609/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12609/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12609/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12609/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12609/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12609/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12609/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12609/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12609/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2923</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1201</span> A Modified Run Length Coding Technique for Test Data Compression Based on Multi-Level Selective Huffman Coding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Kalamani">C. Kalamani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Paramasivam"> K. Paramasivam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Test data compression is an efficient method for reducing the test application cost. The problem of reducing test data has been addressed by researchers in three different aspects: Test Data Compression, Built-in-Self-Test (BIST) and Test set compaction. The latter two methods are capable of enhancing fault coverage with cost of hardware overhead. The drawback of the conventional methods is that they are capable of reducing the test storage and test power but when test data have redundant length of runs, no additional compression method is followed. This paper presents a modified Run Length Coding (RLC) technique with Multilevel Selective Huffman Coding (MLSHC) technique to reduce test data volume, test pattern delivery time and power dissipation in scan test applications where redundant length of runs is encountered then the preceding run symbol is replaced with tiny codeword. Experimental results show that the presented method not only improves the test data compression but also reduces the overall test data volume compared to recent schemes. Experiments for the six largest ISCAS-98 benchmarks show that our method outperforms most known techniques.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Modified%20run%20length%20coding" title="Modified run length coding">Modified run length coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multilevel%20selective%20Huffman%20coding" title=" multilevel selective Huffman coding"> multilevel selective Huffman coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=built-in-self-test%20modified%20selective%20Huffman%20coding" title=" built-in-self-test modified selective Huffman coding"> built-in-self-test modified selective Huffman coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=automatic%20test%20equipment." title=" automatic test equipment."> automatic test equipment.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007222/a-modified-run-length-coding-technique-for-test-data-compression-based-on-multi-level-selective-huffman-coding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007222/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007222/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007222/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007222/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007222/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007222/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007222/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007222/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007222/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007222/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1200</span> Parallel Joint Channel Coding and Cryptography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nata%C5%A1a%20%C5%BDivi%C4%87">Nata拧a 沤ivi膰</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Christoph%20Ruland"> Christoph Ruland</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Method of Parallel Joint Channel Coding and Cryptography has been analyzed and simulated in this paper. The method is an extension of Soft Input Decryption with feedback, which is used for improvement of channel decoding of secured messages. Parallel Joint Channel Coding and Cryptography results in improved coding gain of channel decoding, which achieves more than 2 dB. Such results are an implication of a combination of receiver components and their interoperability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Block%20length" title="Block length">Block length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Coding%20gain" title=" Coding gain"> Coding gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Feedback" title=" Feedback"> Feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L-values" title=" L-values"> L-values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parallel%20Joint%20Channel%20Coding%20and%20Cryptography" title=" Parallel Joint Channel Coding and Cryptography"> Parallel Joint Channel Coding and Cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soft%20Input%0ADecryption." title=" Soft Input Decryption."> Soft Input Decryption.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8203/parallel-joint-channel-coding-and-cryptography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8203/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8203/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8203/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8203/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8203/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8203/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8203/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8203/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8203/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8203/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1585</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1199</span> Near-Lossless Image Coding based on Orthogonal Polynomials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Krishnamoorthy%20R">Krishnamoorthy R</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rajavijayalakshmi%20K"> Rajavijayalakshmi K</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Punidha%20R"> Punidha R</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a near lossless image coding scheme based on Orthogonal Polynomials Transform (OPT) has been presented. The polynomial operators and polynomials basis operators are obtained from set of orthogonal polynomials functions for the proposed transform coding. The image is partitioned into a number of distinct square blocks and the proposed transform coding is applied to each of these individually. After applying the proposed transform coding, the transformed coefficients are rearranged into a sub-band structure. The Embedded Zerotree (EZ) coding algorithm is then employed to quantize the coefficients. The proposed transform is implemented for various block sizes and the performance is compared with existing Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) transform coding scheme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Near-lossless%20Coding" title="Near-lossless Coding">Near-lossless Coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Orthogonal%20Polynomials%0ATransform" title=" Orthogonal Polynomials Transform"> Orthogonal Polynomials Transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Embedded%20Zerotree%20Coding" title=" Embedded Zerotree Coding"> Embedded Zerotree Coding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13669/near-lossless-image-coding-based-on-orthogonal-polynomials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13669/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13669/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13669/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13669/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13669/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13669/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13669/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13669/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13669/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13669/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1944</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1198</span> Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in OFDM Systems using Huffman Coding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ashraf%20A.%20Eltholth">Ashraf A. Eltholth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adel%20R.%20Mikhail"> Adel R. Mikhail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Elshirbini"> A. Elshirbini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Moawad%20I.%20Moawad"> Moawad I. Moawad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20I.%20Abdelfattah"> A. I. Abdelfattah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we proposed the use of Huffman coding to reduce the PAR of an OFDM system as a distortionless scrambling technique, and we utilize the amount saved in the total bit rate by the Huffman coding to send the encoding table for accurate decoding at the receiver without reducing the effective throughput. We found that the use of Huffman coding reduces the PAR by about 6 dB. Also we have investigated the effect of PAR reduction due to Huffman coding through testing the spectral spreading and the inband distortion due to HPA with different IBO values. We found a complete match of our expectation from the proposed solution with the obtained simulation results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=HPA" title="HPA">HPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Huffman%20coding" title=" Huffman coding"> Huffman coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PAR" title=" PAR"> PAR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1174/peak-to-average-power-ratio-reduction-in-ofdm-systems-using-huffman-coding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1174/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1174/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1174/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1174/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1174/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1174/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1174/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1174/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1174/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1174/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2597</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1197</span> Eukaryotic Gene Prediction by an Investigation of Nonlinear Dynamical Modeling Techniques on EIIP Coded Sequences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mai%20S.%20Mabrouk">Mai S. Mabrouk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nahed%20H.%20Solouma"> Nahed H. Solouma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abou-Bakr%20M.%20Youssef"> Abou-Bakr M. Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasser%20M.%20Kadah"> Yasser M. Kadah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Many digital signal processing, techniques have been used to automatically distinguish protein coding regions (exons) from non-coding regions (introns) in DNA sequences. In this work, we have characterized these sequences according to their nonlinear dynamical features such as moment invariants, correlation dimension, and largest Lyapunov exponent estimates. We have applied our model to a number of real sequences encoded into a time series using EIIP sequence indicators. In order to discriminate between coding and non coding DNA regions, the phase space trajectory was first reconstructed for coding and non-coding regions. Nonlinear dynamical features are extracted from those regions and used to investigate a difference between them. Our results indicate that the nonlinear dynamical characteristics have yielded significant differences between coding (CR) and non-coding regions (NCR) in DNA sequences. Finally, the classifier is tested on real genes where coding and non-coding regions are well known.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gene%20prediction" title="Gene prediction">Gene prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nonlinear%20dynamics" title=" nonlinear dynamics"> nonlinear dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=correlation%20dimension" title=" correlation dimension"> correlation dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lyapunov%20exponent." title=" Lyapunov exponent."> Lyapunov exponent.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9460/eukaryotic-gene-prediction-by-an-investigation-of-nonlinear-dynamical-modeling-techniques-on-eiip-coded-sequences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9460/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9460/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9460/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9460/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9460/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9460/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9460/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9460/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9460/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9460/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1825</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1196</span> An Analysis of Genetic Algorithm Based Test Data Compression Using Modified PRL Coding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20S.%20Neelukumari">K. S. Neelukumari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20B.%20Jayanthi"> K. B. Jayanthi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper genetic based test data compression is targeted for improving the compression ratio and for reducing the computation time. The genetic algorithm is based on extended pattern run-length coding. The test set contains a large number of X value that can be effectively exploited to improve the test data compression. In this coding method, a reference pattern is set and its compatibility is checked. For this process, a genetic algorithm is proposed to reduce the computation time of encoding algorithm. This coding technique encodes the 2n compatible pattern or the inversely compatible pattern into a single test data segment or multiple test data segment. The experimental result shows that the compression ratio and computation time is reduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Backtracking" title="Backtracking">Backtracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=test%20data%20compression%20%28TDC%29" title=" test data compression (TDC)"> test data compression (TDC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=x-filling" title=" x-filling"> x-filling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=x-propagating%20and%20genetic%20algorithm." title=" x-propagating and genetic algorithm."> x-propagating and genetic algorithm.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002865/an-analysis-of-genetic-algorithm-based-test-data-compression-using-modified-prl-coding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002865/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002865/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002865/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002865/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002865/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002865/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002865/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002865/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002865/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002865/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1870</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1195</span> MIM: A Species Independent Approach for Classifying Coding and Non-Coding DNA Sequences in Bacterial and Archaeal Genomes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Achraf%20El%20Allali">Achraf El Allali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=John%20R.%20Rose"> John R. Rose</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A number of competing methodologies have been developed to identify genes and classify DNA sequences into coding and non-coding sequences. This classification process is fundamental in gene finding and gene annotation tools and is one of the most challenging tasks in bioinformatics and computational biology. An information theory measure based on mutual information has shown good accuracy in classifying DNA sequences into coding and noncoding. In this paper we describe a species independent iterative approach that distinguishes coding from non-coding sequences using the mutual information measure (MIM). A set of sixty prokaryotes is used to extract universal training data. To facilitate comparisons with the published results of other researchers, a test set of 51 bacterial and archaeal genomes was used to evaluate MIM. These results demonstrate that MIM produces superior results while remaining species independent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Coding%20Non-coding%20Classification" title="Coding Non-coding Classification">Coding Non-coding Classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Entropy" title=" Entropy"> Entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GeneRecognition" title=" GeneRecognition"> GeneRecognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mutual%20Information." title=" Mutual Information."> Mutual Information.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9008/mim-a-species-independent-approach-for-classifying-coding-and-non-coding-dna-sequences-in-bacterial-and-archaeal-genomes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9008/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9008/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9008/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9008/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9008/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9008/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9008/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9008/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9008/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9008/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1728</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1194</span> Determination of Optimum Length of Framesand Number of Vectors to Compress ECG Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rafet%20Akdeniz">Rafet Akdeniz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P%C4%B1nar%20T%C3%BCfek%C3%A7i"> P谋nar T眉fek莽i</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.S%C4%B1dd%C4%B1k%20Yarman"> B.S谋dd谋k Yarman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, to compress ECG signals, KLT (Karhunen- Loeve Transform) method has been used. The purpose of this method is to perform effective ECG coding by a correlation between the length of frames and the number of vectors of ECG signals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ECG%20Compression" title="ECG Compression">ECG Compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EKG%20Compression." title=" EKG Compression."> EKG Compression.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6504/determination-of-optimum-length-of-framesand-number-of-vectors-to-compress-ecg-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6504/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6504/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6504/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6504/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6504/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6504/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6504/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6504/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6504/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6504/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1193</span> Statistics of Exon Lengths in Animals, Plants, Fungi, and Protists</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alexander%20Kaplunovsky">Alexander Kaplunovsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vladimir%20Khailenko"> Vladimir Khailenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alexander%20Bolshoy"> Alexander Bolshoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shara%20Atambayeva"> Shara Atambayeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=AnatoliyIvashchenko"> AnatoliyIvashchenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Eukaryotic protein-coding genes are interrupted by spliceosomal introns, which are removed from the RNA transcripts before translation into a protein. The exon-intron structures of different eukaryotic species are quite different from each other, and the evolution of such structures raises many questions. We try to address some of these questions using statistical analysis of whole genomes. We go through all the protein-coding genes in a genome and study correlations between the net length of all the exons in a gene, the number of the exons, and the average length of an exon. We also take average values of these features for each chromosome and study correlations between those averages on the chromosomal level. Our data show universal features of exon-intron structures common to animals, plants, and protists (specifically, Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Cryptococcus neoformans, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Oryza sativa, and Plasmodium falciparum). We have verified linear correlation between the number of exons in a gene and the length of a protein coded by the gene, while the protein length increases in proportion to the number of exons. On the other hand, the average length of an exon always decreases with the number of exons. Finally, chromosome clustering based on average chromosome properties and parameters of linear regression between the number of exons in a gene and the net length of those exons demonstrates that these average chromosome properties are genome-specific features.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Comparative%20genomics" title="Comparative genomics">Comparative genomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exon-intron%20structure" title=" exon-intron structure"> exon-intron structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=eukaryotic%20clustering" title=" eukaryotic clustering"> eukaryotic clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=linear%20regression." title=" linear regression."> linear regression.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5596/statistics-of-exon-lengths-in-animals-plants-fungi-and-protists" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5596/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5596/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5596/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5596/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5596/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5596/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5596/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5596/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5596/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5596/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2573</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1192</span> Test Data Compression Using a Hybrid of Bitmask Dictionary and 2n Pattern Runlength Coding Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Kalamani">C. Kalamani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Paramasivam"> K. Paramasivam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In VLSI, testing plays an important role. Major problem in testing are test data volume and test power. The important solution to reduce test data volume and test time is test data compression. The Proposed technique combines the bit maskdictionary and 2n pattern run length-coding method and provides a substantial improvement in the compression efficiency without introducing any additional decompression penalty. This method has been implemented using Mat lab and HDL Language to reduce test data volume and memory requirements. This method is applied on various benchmark test sets and compared the results with other existing methods. The proposed technique can achieve a compression ratio up to 86%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bit%20Mask%20dictionary" title="Bit Mask dictionary">Bit Mask dictionary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=2n%20pattern%20run%20length%20code" title=" 2n pattern run length code"> 2n pattern run length code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=system-on-chip" title=" system-on-chip"> system-on-chip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SOC" title=" SOC"> SOC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=test%20data%20compression." title=" test data compression."> test data compression.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002446/test-data-compression-using-a-hybrid-of-bitmask-dictionary-and-2n-pattern-runlength-coding-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002446/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002446/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002446/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002446/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002446/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002446/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002446/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002446/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002446/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002446/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1921</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1191</span> Enhanced Frame-based Video Coding to Support Content-based Functionalities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Prabhudev%20Hosur">Prabhudev Hosur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rolando%20Carrasco"> Rolando Carrasco</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents the enhanced frame-based video coding scheme. The input source video to the enhanced frame-based video encoder consists of a rectangular-size video and shapes of arbitrarily-shaped objects on video frames. The rectangular frame texture is encoded by the conventional frame-based coding technique and the video object-s shape is encoded using the contour-based vertex coding. It is possible to achieve several useful content-based functionalities by utilizing the shape information in the bitstream at the cost of a very small overhead to the bitrate.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Video%20coding" title="Video coding">Video coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=content-based" title=" content-based"> content-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hyper%20video" title=" hyper video"> hyper video</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=interactivity" title=" interactivity"> interactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shape%20coding" title=" shape coding"> shape coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=polygon." title=" polygon."> polygon.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13244/enhanced-frame-based-video-coding-to-support-content-based-functionalities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13244/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13244/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13244/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13244/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13244/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13244/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13244/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13244/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13244/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13244/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1662</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1190</span> A Multi-Signature Scheme based on Coding Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed%20Meziani">Mohammed Meziani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pierre-Louis%20Cayrel"> Pierre-Louis Cayrel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we propose two first non-generic constructions of multisignature scheme based on coding theory. The first system make use of the CFS signature scheme and is secure in random oracle while the second scheme is based on the KKS construction and is a few times. The security of our construction relies on a difficult problems in coding theory: The Syndrome Decoding problem which has been proved NP-complete [4]. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Post-quantum%20cryptography" title="Post-quantum cryptography">Post-quantum cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Coding-based%20cryptography" title=" Coding-based cryptography"> Coding-based cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Digital%20signature" title="Digital signature">Digital signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multisignature%20scheme." title=" Multisignature scheme."> Multisignature scheme.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5409/a-multi-signature-scheme-based-on-coding-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5409/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5409/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5409/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5409/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5409/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5409/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5409/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5409/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5409/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5409/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1880</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1189</span> Usage of Channel Coding Techniques for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in Visible Light Communications Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.L.D.N.M.%20de%20Silva">P.L.D.N.M. de Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.G.%20Edirisinghe"> S.G. Edirisinghe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Weerasuriya"> R. Weerasuriya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>High Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is a concern of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems. Discrete Fourier Transform spread (DFT-s) OFDM is an alternative single carrier modulation scheme which would address this concern. Employing channel coding techniques is another mechanism to reduce the PAPR. In this study, the improvement which can be harnessed by hybridizing these two techniques for VLC system is being studied. Within the study, efficient techniques such as Hamming coding and Convolutional coding have been studied. Thus, we present the impact of the hybrid of DFT-s OFDM and Channel coding (Hamming coding and Convolutional coding) on PAPR in VLC systems, using MATLAB simulations.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Convolutional%20Coding" title="Convolutional Coding">Convolutional Coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Discrete%20Fourier%20Transform%0D%0Aspread%20Orthogonal%20Frequency%20Division%20Multiplexing%20%28DFT-s%20OFDM%29" title=" Discrete Fourier Transform spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s OFDM)"> Discrete Fourier Transform spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s OFDM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hamming%20Coding" title=" Hamming Coding"> Hamming Coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Peak-to-Average%20Power%20Ratio%20%28PAPR%29" title=" Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR)"> Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Visible%0D%0ALight%20Communications%20%28VLC%29." title=" Visible Light Communications (VLC)."> Visible Light Communications (VLC).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012900/usage-of-channel-coding-techniques-for-peak-to-average-power-ratio-reduction-in-visible-light-communications-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012900/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012900/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012900/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012900/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012900/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012900/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012900/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012900/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012900/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012900/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1188</span> High Quality Speech Coding using Combined Parametric and Perceptual Modules</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Kulesza">M. Kulesza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Szwoch"> G. Szwoch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Czy%C5%BCewski"> A. Czy偶ewski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A novel approach to speech coding using the hybrid architecture is presented. Advantages of parametric and perceptual coding methods are utilized together in order to create a speech coding algorithm assuring better signal quality than in traditional CELP parametric codec. Two approaches are discussed. One is based on selection of voiced signal components that are encoded using parametric algorithm, unvoiced components that are encoded perceptually and transients that remain unencoded. The second approach uses perceptual encoding of the residual signal in CELP codec. The algorithm applied for precise transient selection is described. Signal quality achieved using the proposed hybrid codec is compared to quality of some standard speech codecs.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CELP%20residual%20coding" title="CELP residual coding">CELP residual coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hybrid%20codec%20architecture" title=" hybrid codec architecture"> hybrid codec architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=perceptual%20speech%20coding" title=" perceptual speech coding"> perceptual speech coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=speech%20codecs%20comparison." title=" speech codecs comparison."> speech codecs comparison.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/959/high-quality-speech-coding-using-combined-parametric-and-perceptual-modules" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/959/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/959/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/959/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/959/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/959/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/959/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/959/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/959/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/959/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/959/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1187</span> Optimal and Generalized Multiple Descriptions Image Coding Transform in the Wavelet Domain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bahi%20brahim">Bahi brahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=El%20hassane%20Ibn%20Elhaj"> El hassane Ibn Elhaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Driss%20Aboutajdine"> Driss Aboutajdine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper we propose a Multiple Description Image Coding(MDIC) scheme to generate two compressed and balanced rates descriptions in the wavelet domain (Daubechies biorthogonal (9, 7) wavelet) using pairwise correlating transform optimal and application method for Generalized Multiple Description Coding (GMDC) to image coding in the wavelet domain. The GMDC produces statistically correlated streams such that lost streams can be estimated from the received data. Our performance test shown that the proposed method gives more improvement and good quality of the reconstructed image when the wavelet coefficients are normalized by Gaussian Scale Mixture (GSM) model then the Gaussian one ,.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multiple%20description%20coding%20%28MDC%29" title="Multiple description coding (MDC)">Multiple description coding (MDC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gaussian%20scale%20mixture%20%28GSM%29%20model" title=" gaussian scale mixture (GSM) model"> gaussian scale mixture (GSM) model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=joint%20source-channel%20coding" title=" joint source-channel coding"> joint source-channel coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pairwise%20correlating%20transform" title=" pairwise correlating transform"> pairwise correlating transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GMDCT." title=" GMDCT."> GMDCT.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8699/optimal-and-generalized-multiple-descriptions-image-coding-transform-in-the-wavelet-domain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8699/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8699/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8699/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8699/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8699/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8699/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8699/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8699/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8699/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8699/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1618</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1186</span> Highly Scalable, Reversible and Embedded Image Compression System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Federico%20P%C3%A9rez%20Gonz%C3%A1lez">Federico P茅rez Gonz谩lez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I%C3%B1aki%20Goiricelaia%20Ordorika"> I帽aki Goiricelaia Ordorika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pedro%20Iriondo%20Bengoa"> Pedro Iriondo Bengoa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A new method for low complexity image coding is presented, that permits different settings and great scalability in the generation of the final bit stream. This coding presents a continuoustone still image compression system that groups loss and lossless compression making use of finite arithmetic reversible transforms. Both transformation in the space of color and wavelet transformation are reversible. The transformed coefficients are coded by means of a coding system in depending on a subdivision into smaller components (CFDS) similar to the bit importance codification. The subcomponents so obtained are reordered by means of a highly configure alignment system depending on the application that makes possible the re-configure of the elements of the image and obtaining different levels of importance from which the bit stream will be generated. The subcomponents of each level of importance are coded using a variable length entropy coding system (VBLm) that permits the generation of an embedded bit stream. This bit stream supposes itself a bit stream that codes a compressed still image. However, the use of a packing system on the bit stream after the VBLm allows the realization of a final highly scalable bit stream from a basic image level and one or several enhance levels.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%20compression" title="Image compression">Image compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wavelet%20transform" title=" wavelet transform"> wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=highlyscalable" title=" highlyscalable"> highlyscalable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reversible%20transform" title=" reversible transform"> reversible transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=embedded" title=" embedded"> embedded</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=subcomponents." title=" subcomponents."> subcomponents.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5170/highly-scalable-reversible-and-embedded-image-compression-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5170/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5170/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5170/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5170/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5170/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5170/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5170/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5170/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5170/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5170/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1185</span> Reversible, Embedded and Highly Scalable Image Compression System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Federico%20P%C3%A9rez%20Gonz%C3%A1lez">Federico P茅rez Gonz谩lez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I%C3%B1aki%20Goirizelaia%20Ordorika"> I帽aki Goirizelaia Ordorika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pedro%20Iriondo%20Bengoa"> Pedro Iriondo Bengoa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work a new method for low complexity image coding is presented, that permits different settings and great scalability in the generation of the final bit stream. This coding presents a continuous-tone still image compression system that groups loss and lossless compression making use of finite arithmetic reversible transforms. Both transformation in the space of color and wavelet transformation are reversible. The transformed coefficients are coded by means of a coding system in depending on a subdivision into smaller components (CFDS) similar to the bit importance codification. The subcomponents so obtained are reordered by means of a highly configure alignment system depending on the application that makes possible the re-configure of the elements of the image and obtaining different importance levels from which the bit stream will be generated. The subcomponents of each importance level are coded using a variable length entropy coding system (VBLm) that permits the generation of an embedded bit stream. This bit stream supposes itself a bit stream that codes a compressed still image. However, the use of a packing system on the bit stream after the VBLm allows the realization of a final highly scalable bit stream from a basic image level and one or several improvement levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%20compression" title="Image compression">Image compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wavelet%20transform" title=" wavelet transform"> wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=highly%0D%0Ascalable" title=" highly scalable"> highly scalable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reversible%20transform" title=" reversible transform"> reversible transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=embedded" title=" embedded"> embedded</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=subcomponents." title=" subcomponents."> subcomponents.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7638/reversible-embedded-and-highly-scalable-image-compression-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7638/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7638/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7638/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7638/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7638/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7638/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7638/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7638/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7638/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7638/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1184</span> Channel Estimation/Equalization with Adaptive Modulation and Coding over Multipath Faded Channels for WiMAX</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Siva%20Kumar%20Reddy">B. Siva Kumar Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Lakshmi"> B. Lakshmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Different order modulations combined with different coding schemes, allow sending more bits per symbol, thus achieving higher throughputs and better spectral efficiencies. However, it must also be noted that when using a modulation technique such as 64- QAM with less overhead bits, better signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are needed to overcome any Inter symbol Interference (ISI) and maintain a certain bit error ratio (BER). The use of adaptive modulation allows wireless technologies to yielding higher throughputs while also covering long distances. The aim of this paper is to implement an Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) features of the WiMAX PHY in MATLAB and to analyze the performance of the system in different channel conditions (AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician fading channel) with channel estimation and blind equalization. Simulation results have demonstrated that the increment in modulation order causes to increment in throughput and BER values. These results derived a trade-off among modulation order, FFT length, throughput, BER value and spectral efficiency. The BER changes gradually for AWGN channel and arbitrarily for Rayleigh and Rician fade channels.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=AMC" title="AMC">AMC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CSI" title=" CSI"> CSI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CMA" title=" CMA"> CMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=OFDMA" title=" OFDMA"> OFDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WiMAX." title=" WiMAX."> WiMAX.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999721/channel-estimationequalization-with-adaptive-modulation-and-coding-over-multipath-faded-channels-for-wimax" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999721/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999721/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999721/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999721/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999721/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999721/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999721/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999721/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999721/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999721/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999721.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1183</span> Scintigraphic Image Coding of Region of Interest Based On SPIHT Algorithm Using Global Thresholding and Huffman Coding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Seddiki">A. Seddiki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Djebbouri"> M. Djebbouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Guerchi"> D. Guerchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Medical imaging produces human body pictures in digital form. Since these imaging techniques produce prohibitive amounts of data, compression is necessary for storage and communication purposes. Many current compression schemes provide a very high compression rate but with considerable loss of quality. On the other hand, in some areas in medicine, it may be sufficient to maintain high image quality only in region of interest (ROI). This paper discusses a contribution to the lossless compression in the region of interest of Scintigraphic images based on SPIHT algorithm and global transform thresholding using Huffman coding.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Global%20Thresholding%20Transform" title="Global Thresholding Transform">Global Thresholding Transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Huffman%20Coding" title=" Huffman Coding"> Huffman Coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Region%20of%20Interest" title=" Region of Interest"> Region of Interest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SPIHT%20Coding" title=" SPIHT Coding"> SPIHT Coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Scintigraphic%20images." title=" Scintigraphic images."> Scintigraphic images.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999952/scintigraphic-image-coding-of-region-of-interest-based-on-spiht-algorithm-using-global-thresholding-and-huffman-coding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999952/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999952/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999952/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999952/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999952/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999952/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999952/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999952/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999952/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999952/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1980</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1182</span> External Morphological Study of Wild Labeo calbasu with Reference to Body Weight' Total Length and Condition Factor from the River Chenab, Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem">Muhammad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asif%20Hussain%20Bhatti"> Asif Hussain Bhatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Fahad%20Nouman"> Muhammad Fahad Nouman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 115 samples of Labeo calbasu ranged 8.0-17.9cm length with mean11.90卤1.96 and 4.9-68.5g weight with mean 22.25卤12.54 from the River Chenab, Southern Punjab, Pakistan were analyzed to investigate length-weight relationships (LWR) of fish in relation to condition factor (K). Standard length (SL), fork length (FL), head length (HL) head width (HW), body girth (BG), dorsal fin length (DFL), dorsal fin base (DFB), pectoral fin length (PcFL), pelvic fin length (PvFL) and anal fin length (AFL) are found to be highly correlated with increasing total length and wet body weight (r > 0.500). Wet body weight has positive (r=0.540) and total length has no correlation (r=0.344) with calculated Condition factor (K). The slope 鈥渂" in the relationship is 3.27 and intercepts -2.2258. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Labeo%20calbasu" title="Labeo calbasu">Labeo calbasu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Length-weight%20relationship" title=" Length-weight relationship"> Length-weight relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Body%0Aweight" title=" Body weight"> Body weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=condition%20factor" title=" condition factor"> condition factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/external-morphological-study-of-wild-labeo-calbasu-with-reference-to-body-weight-total-length-and-condition-factor-from-the-river-chenab-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2085</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1181</span> Network Coding-based ARQ scheme with Overlapping Selection for Resource Limited Multicast/Broadcast Services</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jung-Hyun%20Kim">Jung-Hyun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jihyung%20Kim"> Jihyung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kwangjae%20Lim"> Kwangjae Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dong%20Seung%20Kwon"> Dong Seung Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Network coding has recently attracted attention as an efficient technique in multicast/broadcast services. The problem of finding the optimal network coding mechanism maximizing the bandwidth efficiency is hard to solve and hard to approximate. Lots of network coding-based schemes have been suggested in the literature to improve the bandwidth efficiency, especially network coding-based automatic repeat request (NCARQ) schemes. However, existing schemes have several limitations which cause the performance degradation in resource limited systems. To improve the performance in resource limited systems, we propose NCARQ with overlapping selection (OS-NCARQ) scheme. The advantages of OS-NCARQ scheme over the traditional ARQ scheme and existing NCARQ schemes are shown through the analysis and simulations.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ARQ" title="ARQ">ARQ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Network%20coding" title=" Network coding"> Network coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multicast%2FBroadcast%20services" title=" Multicast/Broadcast services"> Multicast/Broadcast services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Packet-based%20systems." title=" Packet-based systems."> Packet-based systems.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9942/network-coding-based-arq-scheme-with-overlapping-selection-for-resource-limited-multicastbroadcast-services" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9942/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9942/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9942/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9942/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9942/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9942/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9942/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9942/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9942/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9942/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1511</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1180</span> Arc Length of Rational Bezier Curves and Use for CAD Reparametrization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maharavo%20Randrianarivony">Maharavo Randrianarivony</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The length of a given rational B'ezier curve is efficiently estimated. Since a rational B'ezier function is nonlinear, it is usually impossible to evaluate its length exactly. The length is approximated by using subdivision and the accuracy of the approximation n is investigated. In order to improve the efficiency, adaptivity is used with some length estimator. A rigorous theoretical analysis of the rate of convergence of n to is given. The required number of subdivisions to attain a prescribed accuracy is also analyzed. An application to CAD parametrization is briefly described. Numerical results are reported to supplement the theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adaptivity" title="Adaptivity">Adaptivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Length" title=" Length"> Length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parametrization" title=" Parametrization"> Parametrization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rational%20Bezier" title=" Rational Bezier"> Rational Bezier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15282/arc-length-of-rational-bezier-curves-and-use-for-cad-reparametrization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15282/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15282/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15282/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15282/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15282/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15282/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15282/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15282/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15282/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15282/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1798</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1179</span> Low Computational Image Compression Scheme based on Absolute Moment Block Truncation Coding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.Somasundaram">K.Somasundaram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.Kaspar%20Raj"> I.Kaspar Raj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we have proposed three and two stage still gray scale image compressor based on BTC. In our schemes, we have employed a combination of four techniques to reduce the bit rate. They are quad tree segmentation, bit plane omission, bit plane coding using 32 visual patterns and interpolative bit plane coding. The experimental results show that the proposed schemes achieve an average bit rate of 0.46 bits per pixel (bpp) for standard gray scale images with an average PSNR value of 30.25, which is better than the results from the exiting similar methods based on BTC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bit%20plane" title="Bit plane">Bit plane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Block%20Truncation%20Coding" title=" Block Truncation Coding"> Block Truncation Coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%0Acompression" title=" Image compression"> Image compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lossy%20compression" title=" lossy compression"> lossy compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=quad%20tree%20segmentation" title=" quad tree segmentation"> quad tree segmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8982/low-computational-image-compression-scheme-based-on-absolute-moment-block-truncation-coding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8982/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8982/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8982/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8982/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8982/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8982/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8982/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8982/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8982/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8982/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1751</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1178</span> Network Coding with Buffer Scheme in Multicast for Broadband Wireless Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gunasekaran%20Raja">Gunasekaran Raja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ramkumar%20Jayaraman"> Ramkumar Jayaraman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rajakumar%20Arul"> Rajakumar Arul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kottilingam%20Kottursamy"> Kottilingam Kottursamy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Broadband Wireless Network (BWN) is the promising technology nowadays due to the increased number of smartphones. Buffering scheme using network coding considers the reliability and proper degree distribution in Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) multi-hop network. Using network coding, a secure way of transmission is performed which helps in improving throughput and reduces the packet loss in the multicast network. At the outset, improved network coding is proposed in multicast wireless mesh network. Considering the problem of performance overhead, degree distribution makes a decision while performing buffer in the encoding / decoding process. Consequently, BuS (Buffer Scheme) based on network coding is proposed in the multi-hop network. Here the encoding process introduces buffer for temporary storage to transmit packets with proper degree distribution. The simulation results depend on the number of packets received in the encoding/decoding with proper degree distribution using buffering scheme.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Encoding%20and%20decoding" title="Encoding and decoding">Encoding and decoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=buffer" title=" buffer"> buffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=network%20coding" title=" network coding"> network coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=degree%20distribution" title=" degree distribution"> degree distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=broadband%20wireless%20networks" title=" broadband wireless networks"> broadband wireless networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multicast." title=" multicast. "> multicast. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004530/network-coding-with-buffer-scheme-in-multicast-for-broadband-wireless-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004530/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004530/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004530/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004530/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004530/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004530/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004530/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004530/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004530/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004530/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1740</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1177</span> A New Predictor of Coding Regions in Genomic Sequences using a Combination of Different Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=An%C3%ADbal%20Rodr%C3%ADguez%20Fuentes">An铆bal Rodr铆guez Fuentes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Juan%20V.%20Lorenzo%20Ginori"> Juan V. Lorenzo Ginori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ricardo%20Grau%20%C3%81balo"> Ricardo Grau 脕balo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Identifying protein coding regions in DNA sequences is a basic step in the location of genes. Several approaches based on signal processing tools have been applied to solve this problem, trying to achieve more accurate predictions. This paper presents a new predictor that improves the efficacy of three techniques that use the Fourier Transform to predict coding regions, and that could be computed using an algorithm that reduces the computation load. Some ideas about the combination of the predictor with other methods are discussed. ROC curves are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed predictor, based on the computation of 25 DNA sequences from three different organisms.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Coding%20region%20prediction" title=" Coding region prediction"> Coding region prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Computational%20load%20reduction" title=" Computational load reduction"> Computational load reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Digital%20Signal%20Processing" title=" Digital Signal Processing"> Digital Signal Processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fourier%20Transform." title=" Fourier Transform."> Fourier Transform.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12297/a-new-predictor-of-coding-regions-in-genomic-sequences-using-a-combination-of-different-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12297/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12297/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12297/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12297/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12297/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12297/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12297/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12297/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12297/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12297/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1669</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1176</span> Improving Image Quality in Remote Sensing Satellites using Channel Coding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20M.%20Behairy">H. M. Behairy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20S.%20Khorsheed"> M. S. Khorsheed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among other factors that characterize satellite communication channels is their high bit error rate. We present a system for still image transmission over noisy satellite channels. The system couples image compression together with error control codes to improve the received image quality while maintaining its bandwidth requirements. The proposed system is tested using a high resolution satellite imagery simulated over the Rician fading channel. Evaluation results show improvement in overall system including image quality and bandwidth requirements compared to similar systems with different coding schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%20Transmission" title="Image Transmission">Image Transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%20Compression" title=" Image Compression"> Image Compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Channel%0ACoding" title=" Channel Coding"> Channel Coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Error-Control%20Coding" title=" Error-Control Coding"> Error-Control Coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DCT" title=" DCT"> DCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Convolution%20Codes" title=" Convolution Codes"> Convolution Codes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Viterbi%0AAlgorithm" title=" Viterbi Algorithm"> Viterbi Algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PCGC." title=" PCGC."> PCGC.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3448/improving-image-quality-in-remote-sensing-satellites-using-channel-coding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3448/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3448/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3448/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3448/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3448/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3448/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3448/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3448/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3448/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3448/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1857</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1175</span> Layered Multiple Description Coding For Robust Video Transmission Over Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Joohee%20Kim">Joohee Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a video transmission system using layered multiple description (coding (MDC) and multi-path transport for reliable video communications in wireless ad-hoc networks. The proposed MDC extends a quality-scalable H.264/AVC video coding algorithm to generate two independent descriptions. The two descriptions are transmitted over different paths to a receiver in order to alleviate the effect of unstable channel conditions of wireless adhoc networks. If one description is lost due to transmission erros, then the correctly received description is used to estimate the lost information of the corrupted description. The proposed MD coder maintains an adequate video quality as long as both description are not simultaneously lost. Simulation results show that the proposed MD coding combined with multi-path transport system is largely immune to packet losses, and therefore, can be a promising solution for robust video communications over wireless ad-hoc networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multiple%20description%20coding" title="Multiple description coding">Multiple description coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wireless%20video%20streaming" title=" wireless video streaming"> wireless video streaming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rate%20control." title="rate control.">rate control.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3908/layered-multiple-description-coding-for-robust-video-transmission-over-wireless-ad-hoc-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3908/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3908/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3908/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3908/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3908/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3908/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3908/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3908/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3908/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3908/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1174</span> Hybrid Coding for Animated Polygonal Meshes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jinghua%20Zhang">Jinghua Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Charles%20B.%20Owen"> Charles B. Owen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jinsheng%20Xu"> Jinsheng Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new hybrid coding method for compressing animated polygonal meshes is presented. This paper assumes the simplistic representation of the geometric data: a temporal sequence of polygonal meshes for each discrete frame of the animated sequence. The method utilizes a delta coding and an octree-based method. In this hybrid method, both the octree approach and the delta coding approach are applied to each single frame in the animation sequence in parallel. The approach that generates the smaller encoded file size is chosen to encode the current frame. Given the same quality requirement, the hybrid coding method can achieve much higher compression ratio than the octree-only method or the delta-only method. The hybrid approach can represent 3D animated sequences with higher compression factors while maintaining reasonable quality. It is easy to implement and have a low cost encoding process and a fast decoding process, which make it a better choice for real time application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=animated%20polygonal%20meshes" title="animated polygonal meshes">animated polygonal meshes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=compression" title=" compression"> compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=deltacoding" title=" deltacoding"> deltacoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=octree." title=" octree."> octree.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8936/hybrid-coding-for-animated-polygonal-meshes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8936/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8936/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8936/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8936/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8936/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8936/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8936/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8936/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8936/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8936/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1173</span> A Proposed Hybrid Color Image Compression Based on Fractal Coding with Quadtree and Discrete Cosine Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shimal%20Das">Shimal Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dibyendu%20Ghoshal"> Dibyendu Ghoshal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Fractal based digital image compression is a specific technique in the field of color image. The method is best suited for irregular shape of image like snow bobs, clouds, flame of fire; tree leaves images, depending on the fact that parts of an image often resemble with other parts of the same image. This technique has drawn much attention in recent years because of very high compression ratio that can be achieved. Hybrid scheme incorporating fractal compression and speedup techniques have achieved high compression ratio compared to pure fractal compression. Fractal image compression is a lossy compression method in which selfsimilarity nature of an image is used. This technique provides high compression ratio, less encoding time and fart decoding process. In this paper, fractal compression with quad tree and DCT is proposed to compress the color image. The proposed hybrid schemes require four phases to compress the color image. First: the image is segmented and Discrete Cosine Transform is applied to each block of the segmented image. Second: the block values are scanned in a zigzag manner to prevent zero co-efficient. Third: the resulting image is partitioned as fractals by quadtree approach. Fourth: the image is compressed using Run length encoding technique.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20coding" title="Fractal coding">Fractal coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Discrete%20Cosine%20Transform" title=" Discrete Cosine Transform"> Discrete Cosine Transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iterated%0D%0AFunction%20System%20%28IFS%29" title=" Iterated Function System (IFS)"> Iterated Function System (IFS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Affine%20Transformation" title=" Affine Transformation"> Affine Transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Run%20length%20encoding." title=" Run length encoding."> Run length encoding.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/a-proposed-hybrid-color-image-compression-based-on-fractal-coding-with-quadtree-and-discrete-cosine-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/ris" target="_blank" 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