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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piero's_activity_in_Urbino" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piero's_activity_in_Urbino"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Piero's activity in Urbino</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piero's_activity_in_Urbino-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Later years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_and_interpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_and_interpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Criticism and interpretation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_and_interpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_in_mathematics_and_geometry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_in_mathematics_and_geometry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Work in mathematics and geometry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_in_mathematics_and_geometry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inspirations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inspirations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Inspirations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inspirations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Selected works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Piero della Francesca</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7" title="بييرو ديلا فرانشيسكا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بييرو ديلا فرانشيسكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пьеро делла Франческа – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Пьеро делла Франческа" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="П’ера дэла Франчэска – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="П’ера дэла Франчэска" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пиеро дела Франческа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пиеро дела Франческа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%83%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Πιέρο ντέλλα Φραντσέσκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πιέρο ντέλλα Φραντσέσκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="پیرو دلا فرانچسکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیرو دلا فرانچسکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%97%90%EB%A1%9C_%EB%8D%B8%EB%9D%BC_%ED%94%84%EB%9E%80%EC%B2%B4%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4" title="피에로 델라 프란체스카 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피에로 델라 프란체스카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B8_%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%A1_%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B9%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Պիեռո դելլա Ֆրանչեսկա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պիեռո դելլա Ֆրանչեսկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95_%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A6%27%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%94" title="פיירו דלה פרנצ'סקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיירו דלה פרנצ'סקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пьеро делла Франческа – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пьеро делла Франческа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_de_Burgo" title="Petrus de Burgo – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Petrus de Burgo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAo_da_Fran%C3%A7%C3%A9sca" title="Pêo da Françésca – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Pêo da Françésca" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7" title="بييرو ديلا فرانشيسكا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بييرو ديلا فرانشيسكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB" title="ピエロ・デラ・フランチェスカ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピエロ・デラ・フランチェスカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyero_della_francheska" title="Pyero della francheska – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pyero della francheska" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пьеро делла Франческа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пьеро делла Франческа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieru_della_Francesca" title="Pieru della Francesca – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pieru della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пјеро дела Франческа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пјеро дела Франческа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="ปีเอโร เดลลา ฟรันเชสกา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปีเอโร เดลลา ฟรันเชสกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%27%D1%94%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="П'єро делла Франческа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="П'єро делла Франческа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="پیئرو دیلا فرانچیسکا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیئرو دیلا فرانچیسکا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Piero della Francesca" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%80%B6%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="皮耶罗·德拉·弗朗切斯卡 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="皮耶罗·德拉·弗朗切斯卡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="弗朗切斯卡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="弗朗切斯卡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%80%B6%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="皮耶罗·德拉·弗朗切斯卡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="皮耶罗·德拉·弗朗切斯卡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5822#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">Italian painter, mathematician and geometer (c. 1414–1492)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output 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colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Delle_vite_de%27_pi%C3%B9_eccellenti_pittori,_scultori,_et_architetti_(1648)_(14799608033).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Delle_vite_de%27_pi%C3%B9_eccellenti_pittori%2C_scultori%2C_et_architetti_%281648%29_%2814799608033%29.jpg/220px-Delle_vite_de%27_pi%C3%B9_eccellenti_pittori%2C_scultori%2C_et_architetti_%281648%29_%2814799608033%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Delle_vite_de%27_pi%C3%B9_eccellenti_pittori%2C_scultori%2C_et_architetti_%281648%29_%2814799608033%29.jpg/330px-Delle_vite_de%27_pi%C3%B9_eccellenti_pittori%2C_scultori%2C_et_architetti_%281648%29_%2814799608033%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Delle_vite_de%27_pi%C3%B9_eccellenti_pittori%2C_scultori%2C_et_architetti_%281648%29_%2814799608033%29.jpg/440px-Delle_vite_de%27_pi%C3%B9_eccellenti_pittori%2C_scultori%2C_et_architetti_%281648%29_%2814799608033%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1690" data-file-height="1970" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait of Piero della Francesca from a 1648 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Lives_of_the_Most_Excellent_Painters,_Sculptors,_and_Architects" title="Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects">The Lives</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Piero di Benedetto</div><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1415</span><sup id="cite_ref-collier_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Sansepolcro" title="Sansepolcro">Sansepolcro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Republic of Florence</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">12 October 1492<span style="display:none">(1492-10-12)</span> (aged 76–77)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Sansepolcro, Republic of Florence</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">Fresco</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Baptism_of_Christ_(Piero_della_Francesca)" title="The Baptism of Christ (Piero della Francesca)">The Baptism of Christ</a></i> <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Flagellation_of_Christ_(Piero_della_Francesca)" title="Flagellation of Christ (Piero della Francesca)">Flagellation of Christ</a></i> <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Brera_Madonna" title="Brera Madonna">Brera Madonna</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Early Renaissance</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Piero della Francesca</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ɛər/: 'are' in 'bare'">ɛər</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">PYAIR</span>-oh <span style="font-size:90%">DEL</span>-ə fran-<span style="font-size:90%">CHESK</span>-ə</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">-⁠ frahn-</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈpjɛːro<span class="wrap"> </span>della<span class="wrap"> </span>franˈtʃeska]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1a\/It-Piero_della_Francesca.oga\/It-Piero_della_Francesca.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"It-Piero della Francesca.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/It-Piero_della_Francesca.oga/It-Piero_della_Francesca.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:It-Piero_della_Francesca.oga" title="File:It-Piero della Francesca.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">né</a> <b>Piero di Benedetto</b></span>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1415</span><sup id="cite_ref-collier_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 12 October 1492) was an <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painter" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Renaissance painter">Italian painter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_geometers" title="List of geometers">geometer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Renaissance">Early Renaissance</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nowadays chiefly appreciated for his art. His painting is characterized by its serene <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanism</a>, its use of geometric forms and <a href="/wiki/Perspective_(graphical)" title="Perspective (graphical)">perspective</a>. His most famous work is the cycle of frescoes <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_the_True_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="The History of the True Cross">The History of the True Cross</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Francesco,_Arezzo" title="Basilica of San Francesco, Arezzo">Basilica of San Francesco</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscan</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Resurrection.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Resurrection.JPG/220px-Resurrection.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Resurrection.JPG/330px-Resurrection.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Resurrection.JPG/440px-Resurrection.JPG 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_(Piero_della_Francesca)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrection (Piero della Francesca)"><i>Resurrection</i></a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1463–65</span>)</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Piero was born Piero di Benedetto in the town of <a href="/wiki/Sansepolcro" title="Sansepolcro">Borgo Santo Sepolcro</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-collier_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011462_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011462-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> modern-day <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>, to Benedetto de' Franceschi, a tradesman, and Romana di Perino da <a href="/wiki/Monterchi" title="Monterchi">Monterchi</a>, members of the Florentine and Tuscan Franceschi noble family. His father died before his birth, and he was called Piero della Francesca after his mother, who was referred to as "la Francesca" due to her marriage into the Franceschi family (similar to <a href="/wiki/Lisa_del_Giocondo" title="Lisa del Giocondo">Lisa Gherardini</a> who was known as "la Gioconda" through her marriage into the Giocondo family). Romana supported his education in mathematics and art.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011462_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011462-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was most probably apprenticed to the local painter Antonio di Giovanni d'Anghiari, because in documents about payments it is noted that he was working with Antonio in 1432 and May 1438.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He certainly took notice of the work of some of the <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Sienese</a> artists active in San Sepolcro during his youth; e.g. <a href="/wiki/Sassetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassetta">Sassetta</a>. In 1439 Piero received, together with <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Veneziano" title="Domenico Veneziano">Domenico Veneziano</a>, payments for his work on <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">frescoes</a> for the church of Sant'Egidio in Florence, now lost. In Florence he must have met leading masters like <a href="/wiki/Fra_Angelico" title="Fra Angelico">Fra Angelico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luca_della_Robbia" title="Luca della Robbia">Luca della Robbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donatello" title="Donatello">Donatello</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi" title="Filippo Brunelleschi">Brunelleschi</a>. The classicism of <a href="/wiki/Masaccio" title="Masaccio">Masaccio</a>'s frescoes and his majestic figures in the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Carmine,_Florence" title="Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence">Santa Maria del Carmine</a> were for him an important source of inspiration. Dating of Piero's undocumented work is difficult because his style does not seem to have developed over the years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mature_work">Mature work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mature work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Piero returned to his hometown in 1442 and was elected to the City Council of Sansepolcro.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011463_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011463-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three years later, he received his first commission, to paint the <a href="/wiki/Altarpiece_of_the_church_of_the_Misericordia" class="mw-redirect" title="Altarpiece of the church of the Misericordia"><i>Madonna della Misericordia</i> altarpiece</a> for the church of the Misericordia in Sansepolcro,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011463_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011463-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was completed in the early 1460s. In 1449 he executed several frescoes in the <a href="/wiki/Castello_Estense" title="Castello Estense">Castello Estense</a> and the church of Sant'Andrea of <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a>, now also lost. His influence was particularly strong in the later Ferrarese <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegorical</a> works of <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_Tura" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosimo Tura">Cosimo Tura</a>. </p><p>The <i>Baptism of Christ</i>, now in the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a> in London, was completed in about 1450 for the high altar of the church of the Priory of S. Giovanni Battista at Sansepolcro. Other notable works are the frescoes of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Resurrection_(Piero_della_Francesca)" title="The Resurrection (Piero della Francesca)">The Resurrection</a></i> in Sansepolcro, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_del_parto" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna del parto">Madonna del parto</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Monterchi" title="Monterchi">Monterchi</a>, near Sansepolcro. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piero_della_Francesca_Malatesta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Piero_della_Francesca_Malatesta.jpg/220px-Piero_della_Francesca_Malatesta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Piero_della_Francesca_Malatesta.jpg/330px-Piero_della_Francesca_Malatesta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Piero_della_Francesca_Malatesta.jpg/440px-Piero_della_Francesca_Malatesta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3309" data-file-height="2369" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Sigismondo_Pandolfo_Malatesta" title="Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta">Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta</a> kneeling before <a href="/wiki/St._Sigismund" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Sigismund">St. Sigismund</a></i> (1451)</figcaption></figure> <p>Two years later he was in <a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a>, working for the <a href="/wiki/Condottieri" class="mw-redirect" title="Condottieri">condottiero</a> <a href="/wiki/Sigismondo_Pandolfo_Malatesta" title="Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta">Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta</a>. In 1451, during that sojourn, he executed the famous fresco of <i>St. Sigismund and Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011463_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011463-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Tempio_Malatestiano" title="Tempio Malatestiano">Tempio Malatestiano</a>, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Sigismondo_Pandolfo_Malatesta" title="Portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta">portrait of Sigismondo</a>. In Rimini, Piero may have met the famous <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> mathematician and architect <a href="/wiki/Leon_Battista_Alberti" title="Leon Battista Alberti">Leon Battista Alberti</a>, who had redesigned the <a href="/wiki/Tempio_Malatestiano" title="Tempio Malatestiano">Tempio Malatestiano</a>, although it is known that Alberti directed the execution of his designs for the church by correspondence with his building supervisor. Thereafter Piero was active in <a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pesaro" title="Pesaro">Pesaro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>. </p><p>In 1454, he signed a contract for the <i>Polyptych of Saint Augustine</i> in the church of Sant'Agostino in Sansepolcro. The central panel of this <a href="/wiki/Polyptych" title="Polyptych">polyptych</a> is lost, and the four panels of the wings, with representations of <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a>, are now scattered around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few years later, summoned by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_V" title="Pope Nicholas V">Pope Nicholas V</a>, he moved to Rome, where he executed frescoes in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_Maggiore" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore">Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore</a>, of which only fragments remain. Two years later he was again in the Papal capital, painting frescoes in the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Vatican Palace</a>, which have since been destroyed. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piero_della_Francesca-_Legend_of_the_True_Cross_-_the_Queen_of_Sheba_Meeting_with_Solomon;_detail.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Piero_della_Francesca-_Legend_of_the_True_Cross_-_the_Queen_of_Sheba_Meeting_with_Solomon%3B_detail.JPG/180px-Piero_della_Francesca-_Legend_of_the_True_Cross_-_the_Queen_of_Sheba_Meeting_with_Solomon%3B_detail.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Piero_della_Francesca-_Legend_of_the_True_Cross_-_the_Queen_of_Sheba_Meeting_with_Solomon%3B_detail.JPG/270px-Piero_della_Francesca-_Legend_of_the_True_Cross_-_the_Queen_of_Sheba_Meeting_with_Solomon%3B_detail.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Piero_della_Francesca-_Legend_of_the_True_Cross_-_the_Queen_of_Sheba_Meeting_with_Solomon%3B_detail.JPG/360px-Piero_della_Francesca-_Legend_of_the_True_Cross_-_the_Queen_of_Sheba_Meeting_with_Solomon%3B_detail.JPG 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>Detail from <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_the_True_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="The History of the True Cross">The History of the True Cross</a></i>: the <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a> meeting with <a href="/wiki/King_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="King Solomon">King Solomon</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frescoes_in_San_Francesco_at_Arezzo">Frescoes in San Francesco at Arezzo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Frescoes in San Francesco at Arezzo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1452, Piero della Francesca was called to <a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a> to replace <a href="/wiki/Bicci_di_Lorenzo" title="Bicci di Lorenzo">Bicci di Lorenzo</a> in painting the frescoes of the basilica of <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Francesco,_Arezzo" title="Basilica of San Francesco, Arezzo">San Francesco</a>. The work was finished in 1464.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011464_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011464-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_the_True_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="The History of the True Cross">The History of the True Cross</a></i> cycle of frescoes is generally considered among his masterworks and those of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance painting">Renaissance painting</a> in general. The story in these frescoes derives from legendary medieval sources as to how timber relics of the <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a> came to be found.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011464_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011464-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These stories were collected in the <i><a href="/wiki/Golden_Legend" title="Golden Legend">Golden Legend</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_da_Varazze" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacopo da Varazze">Jacopo da Varazze</a> (Jacopo da Varagine) of the mid-13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-goldenlegend_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goldenlegend-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piero's_activity_in_Urbino"><span id="Piero.27s_activity_in_Urbino"></span>Piero's activity in Urbino</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Piero's activity in Urbino"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At some point, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Santi" title="Giovanni Santi">Giovanni Santi</a> invited Piero to <a href="/wiki/Urbino" title="Urbino">Urbino</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011466_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011466-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where Piero "executed several commissions for Duke <a href="/wiki/Federico_da_Montefeltro" title="Federico da Montefeltro">Federico da Montefeltro</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Flagellation_(Piero_della_Francesca)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Flagellation (Piero della Francesca)">The Flagellation</a></i> is generally considered Piero's oldest work in Urbino (c. 1455–1470). It is one of the most famous and controversial pictures of the early Renaissance. As discussed in its own entry, it is marked by an air of geometric sobriety, in addition to presenting a perplexing enigma as to the nature of the three men standing at the foreground. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piero_della_Francesca_046.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Piero_della_Francesca_046.jpg/220px-Piero_della_Francesca_046.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Piero_della_Francesca_046.jpg/330px-Piero_della_Francesca_046.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Piero_della_Francesca_046.jpg/440px-Piero_della_Francesca_046.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1349" data-file-height="1934" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Montefeltro_Altarpiece" class="mw-redirect" title="Montefeltro Altarpiece">Montefeltro Altarpiece</a> or the <i>Brera Madonna</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Another famous work painted in Urbino is the <i>Double Portrait</i> of Federico and his wife Battista Sforza, in the <a href="/wiki/Uffizi" title="Uffizi">Uffizi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011465_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011465-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The portraits in profile take their inspiration from large bronze medals and stucco roundels with the official portraits of Federico and his wife. Other paintings made in Urbino are the monumental <a href="/wiki/Brera_Madonna" title="Brera Madonna">Montefeltro Altarpiece</a> (1474) in the <a href="/wiki/Brera_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Brera Gallery">Brera Gallery</a> in Milan and the <i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Senigallia" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna of Senigallia">Madonna of Senigallia</a></i>. </p><p>In Urbino Piero met the painters <a href="/wiki/Melozzo_da_Forl%C3%AC" title="Melozzo da Forlì">Melozzo da Forlì</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fra_Carnevale" title="Fra Carnevale">Fra Carnevale</a>, and the Flemish <a href="/wiki/Justus_van_Gent" title="Justus van Gent">Justus van Gent</a>, the mathematician Fra <a href="/wiki/Luca_Pacioli" title="Luca Pacioli">Luca Pacioli</a>, the architect <a href="/wiki/Francesco_di_Giorgio_Martini" title="Francesco di Giorgio Martini">Francesco di Giorgio Martini</a>, and probably also <a href="/wiki/Leon_Battista_Alberti" title="Leon Battista Alberti">Leon Battista Alberti</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years">Later years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his later years, painters such as <a href="/wiki/Perugino" class="mw-redirect" title="Perugino">Perugino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luca_Signorelli" title="Luca Signorelli">Luca Signorelli</a> frequently visited his workshop. He completed the treatise <i><a href="/wiki/De_Prospectiva_pingendi" class="mw-redirect" title="De Prospectiva pingendi">On Perspective in Painting</a></i> in the mid-1470s to 1480s. By 1480, his vision began to deteriorate,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011465_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011465-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he continued writing treatises such as <i>Short Book on the Five Regular Solids</i> in 1485.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is documented that Piero rented a house in Rimini in 1482. Piero made his will in 1487 and he died five years later, on 12 October 1492, in his own house in Sansepolcro.<sup id="cite_ref-collier_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left his possessions to his family and the church.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_and_interpretation">Criticism and interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Criticism and interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piero,_madonna_col_bambino_e_4_angeli,_clark_art_institute.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Piero%2C_madonna_col_bambino_e_4_angeli%2C_clark_art_institute.jpg/220px-Piero%2C_madonna_col_bambino_e_4_angeli%2C_clark_art_institute.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Piero%2C_madonna_col_bambino_e_4_angeli%2C_clark_art_institute.jpg/330px-Piero%2C_madonna_col_bambino_e_4_angeli%2C_clark_art_institute.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Piero%2C_madonna_col_bambino_e_4_angeli%2C_clark_art_institute.jpg/440px-Piero%2C_madonna_col_bambino_e_4_angeli%2C_clark_art_institute.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><i>Virgin and Child Enthroned With Four Angels</i> by Piero della Francesca, <a href="/wiki/Clark_Art_Institute" title="Clark Art Institute">Clark Art Institute</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In a 2013 exhibition, the <a href="/wiki/Frick_Collection" title="Frick Collection">Frick Collection</a> in New York collected seven of the eight paintings of Piero known to exist in the United States. Of the seven paintings in the exhibit, critic <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Saltz" title="Jerry Saltz">Jerry Saltz</a> writing in <i>New York</i> magazine singled out Piero's <i>Virgin and Child Enthroned With Four Angels</i> for its exemplary qualities. </p><p>Saltz wrote, "The Virgin and child are elevated two steps. They are in a world itself apart from this world apart. Mary isn't looking at her child and looks instead at the rose he reaches for. You begin to glean the revelation she is having. The flower represents love, devotion, and beauty. It also symbolizes blood and the crown of thorns Christ will wear. This child who will suffer a horrendous death reaches for his acceptance of fate. Mary does not pull the flower back. You sense an inner agony, noticing her deep-blue robe open to reveal scarlet beneath, symbol of outward passion and pain to come. In the dead-center vertical line of the painting is Christ's right palm that will be nailed to the cross."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By contrast, Walter Kaiser, reviewing the exhibition in <i>The New York Review of Books</i>, wrote, "The most splendid picture in the Frick exhibition is the magnificent figure of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Augustine_Altarpiece_(Piero_della_Francesca)" title="Saint Augustine Altarpiece (Piero della Francesca)">Saint Augustine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ancient_Art" title="National Museum of Ancient Art">Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga</a> in Lisbon, a companion to Saint John the Evangelist [owned by the Frick Collection] on the Sant'Agostino altarpiece".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work_in_mathematics_and_geometry">Work in mathematics and geometry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Work in mathematics and geometry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca#Piero_le_mathématicien" class="extiw" title="fr:Piero della Francesca">the corresponding article</a> in French</b>.  <i><small>(April 2019)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPiero_della_Francesca%23Piero_le_math%C3%A9maticien&sl=fr&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the French article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Piero della Francesca#Piero le mathématicien]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|Piero della Francesca#Piero le mathématicien}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Piero_della_Francesca" title="Talk:Piero della Francesca">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piero_della_Francesca_-_Trattato_d%27Abaco_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Piero_della_Francesca_-_Trattato_d%27Abaco_%281%29.jpg/220px-Piero_della_Francesca_-_Trattato_d%27Abaco_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Piero_della_Francesca_-_Trattato_d%27Abaco_%281%29.jpg/330px-Piero_della_Francesca_-_Trattato_d%27Abaco_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Piero_della_Francesca_-_Trattato_d%27Abaco_%281%29.jpg/440px-Piero_della_Francesca_-_Trattato_d%27Abaco_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1921" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>First page of the <i>Trattato d'Abaco</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Piero's deep interest in the theoretical study of perspective and his contemplative approach to his paintings are apparent in all his work.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his youth, Piero was trained in mathematics, which most likely was for mercantilism.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three treatises written by Piero have survived to the present day: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trattato_d%27Abaco_(Abacus_Treatise)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trattato d'Abaco (Abacus Treatise) (page does not exist)">Trattato d'Abaco (Abacus Treatise)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trattato_d%27abaco_de_Piero_della_Francesca" class="extiw" title="fr:Trattato d'abaco de Piero della Francesca">fr</a>]</span></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/De_quinque_corporibus_regularibus" title="De quinque corporibus regularibus">De quinque corporibus regularibus</a></i> (<i>On the Five Regular Solids</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/De_Prospectiva_pingendi" class="mw-redirect" title="De Prospectiva pingendi">De Prospectiva pingendi</a></i> (<i>On Perspective in painting</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subjects covered in these writings include <a href="/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic">arithmetic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometry</a> and innovative work in both <a href="/wiki/Solid_geometry" title="Solid geometry">solid geometry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perspective_(graphical)" title="Perspective (graphical)">perspective</a>. Much of Piero's work was later absorbed into the writing of others, notably <a href="/wiki/Luca_Pacioli" title="Luca Pacioli">Luca Pacioli</a>. Piero's work on solid geometry was translated in Pacioli's <i><a href="/wiki/Divina_proportione" title="Divina proportione">Divina proportione</a></i>, a work illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>. Biographers of his patron <a href="/wiki/Federico_da_Montefeltro" title="Federico da Montefeltro">Federico da Montefeltro</a> of <a href="/wiki/Urbino" title="Urbino">Urbino</a> record that he was encouraged to pursue the interest in perspective which was shared by the Duke. </p><p>In the late 1450s, Piero copied and illustrated the following works of <a href="/wiki/Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedes</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-jim_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jim-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Sphere_and_Cylinder" title="On the Sphere and Cylinder">On the Sphere and Cylinder</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Measurement_of_a_Circle" title="Measurement of a Circle">Measurement of a Circle</a></i>, <i>On Conoids and Spheroids</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/On_Spirals" title="On Spirals">On Spirals</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Equilibrium_of_Planes" title="On the Equilibrium of Planes">On the Equilibrium of Planes</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Quadrature_of_the_Parabola" class="mw-redirect" title="The Quadrature of the Parabola">The Quadrature of the Parabola</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sand_Reckoner" title="The Sand Reckoner">The Sand Reckoner</a></i>. The <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscript</a> consists of 82 folio leaves, is held in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Riccardiana" title="Biblioteca Riccardiana">Biblioteca Riccardiana</a><sup id="cite_ref-WDL_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is a copy of the translation of the Archimedean corpus made by Italian humanist <a href="/wiki/Iacopo_da_San_Cassiano" title="Iacopo da San Cassiano">Iacopo da San Cassiano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pdan_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdan-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inspirations">Inspirations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Inspirations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bohuslav_Martin%C5%AF" title="Bohuslav Martinů">Bohuslav Martinů</a> wrote a three movement work for orchestra entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Fresques_de_Piero_della_Francesca" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Fresques de Piero della Francesca">Les Fresques de Piero della Francesca</a></i>. Dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Kubelik" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafael Kubelik">Rafael Kubelik</a>, it was premiered by Kubelik and the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Philharmonic" title="Vienna Philharmonic">Vienna Philharmonic</a> at the 1956 Salzburg Festival. </p><p>Piero's geometrical perfection and the almost magic atmosphere of the light in his painting inspired modern painters like <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Giorgio de Chirico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massimo_Campigli" title="Massimo Campigli">Massimo Campigli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felice_Casorati" title="Felice Casorati">Felice Casorati</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Balthus" title="Balthus">Balthus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piero_della_Francesca_-_Baptism_of_Christ_-_WGA17595.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Piero_della_Francesca_-_Baptism_of_Christ_-_WGA17595.jpg/220px-Piero_della_Francesca_-_Baptism_of_Christ_-_WGA17595.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Piero_della_Francesca_-_Baptism_of_Christ_-_WGA17595.jpg/330px-Piero_della_Francesca_-_Baptism_of_Christ_-_WGA17595.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Piero_della_Francesca_-_Baptism_of_Christ_-_WGA17595.jpg/440px-Piero_della_Francesca_-_Baptism_of_Christ_-_WGA17595.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="4226" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Christ_(Piero_della_Francesca)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism of Christ (Piero della Francesca)">The Baptism of Christ</a></i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1450</span>, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_della_Misericordia_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna della Misericordia (painting)">Polyptych of the Misericordia</a></i> (1445–62) – <small>Tempera and oil on panel, 273 x 330 cm, Museo Civico Sansepolcro</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Christ_(Piero_della_Francesca)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism of Christ (Piero della Francesca)">The Baptism of Christ</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1448–50</span>) – <small>Tempera on panel, 168 × 116 cm, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gallery, London">National Gallery</a>, London</small></li> <li><i>St. Jerome in Penitence</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1449–51</span>) – <small>Tempera on panel, 51 × 38 cm, <a href="/wiki/Staatliche_Museen" class="mw-redirect" title="Staatliche Museen">Staatliche Museen</a>, Berlin</small></li> <li><i>St. Jerome and a Donor (Girolamo Amadi)</i> (1451) – <small>Tempera and oil on panel, 49 × 42 cm, <a href="/wiki/Gallerie_dell%27Accademia" title="Gallerie dell'Accademia">Gallerie dell'Accademia</a>, Venice</small></li> <li><i>Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta Praying in Front of St. Sigismund</i> (1451) – <small>Fresco (transferred to canvas), 257 x 345 cm, <a href="/wiki/Tempio_Malatestiano" title="Tempio Malatestiano">Tempio Malatestiano</a>, Rimini</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Sigismondo_Pandolfo_Malatesta" title="Portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta">Portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1451</span>) – <small>Tempera and oil on panel, 44.5 × 34.5 cm, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée du Louvre">Musée du Louvre</a>, Paris</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_the_True_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="The History of the True Cross">The History of the True Cross</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1455–66</span>) – <small>Fresco cycle, <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Francesco,_Arezzo" title="Basilica of San Francesco, Arezzo">Basilica of San Francesco, Arezzo</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flagellation_of_Christ_(Piero_della_Francesca)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Flagellation of Christ (Piero della Francesca)">The Flagellation of Christ</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1460</span>) – <small>Tempera on panel, 58.4 x 81.5 cm, <a href="/wiki/Galleria_Nazionale_delle_Marche" class="mw-redirect" title="Galleria Nazionale delle Marche">Galleria Nazionale delle Marche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urbino" title="Urbino">Urbino</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Augustine_Altarpiece_(Piero_della_Francesca)" title="Saint Augustine Altarpiece (Piero della Francesca)">Polyptych of Saint Augustine</a></i> (1460–70) – <small>Tempera and oil on panels, dispersed in several museums</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_(Piero_della_Francesca)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrection (Piero della Francesca)">Resurrection</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1463</span>) –<small>Fresco, 225 × 200 cm, Museo Civico Sansepolcro</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hercules_(Piero_della_Francesca)" title="Hercules (Piero della Francesca)">Hercules</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1465</span>) –<small>Fresco (detached), 151 × 126 cm, <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Stewart_Gardner_Museum" title="Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum">Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum</a>, Boston</small></li> <li><i>St. Mary Magdalene</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1466, 1458–70s</span>) – <small>Fresco, 190 × 180 cm, <a href="/wiki/Arezzo_Cathedral" title="Arezzo Cathedral">Cathedral, Arezzo</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_del_Parto" title="Madonna del Parto">Madonna del Parto</a></i> (1459–67) – <small>Detached fresco, 260 × 203 cm, Chapel of the cemetery, <a href="/wiki/Monterchi" title="Monterchi">Monterchi</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nativity_(Piero_della_Francesca)" title="The Nativity (Piero della Francesca)">The Nativity</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1470</span>) – <small>Oil on panel, 124.5 × 123 cm, National Gallery, London</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polyptych_of_Perugia" title="Polyptych of Perugia">Polyptych of Saint Anthony</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1470</span>) – <small>Oil on panel, 338 × 230 cm, <a href="/wiki/Galleria_Nazionale_dell%27Umbria" title="Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria">Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria</a>, Perugia</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brera_Madonna" title="Brera Madonna">Brera Madonna</a></i>, i.e. <i>Montefeltro Altarpiece</i>, (1472–74) – <small>Oil on panel, 248 × 170 cm, <a href="/wiki/Pinacoteca_di_Brera" title="Pinacoteca di Brera">Pinacoteca di Brera</a>, Milan</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Urbino" class="mw-redirect" title="The Duke and Duchess of Urbino">Diptych of the Count and Countess of Urbino</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Federico_da_Montefeltro" title="Federico da Montefeltro">Federico da Montefeltro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battista_Sforza" title="Battista Sforza">Battista Sforza</a> – <small>Oil on panel, each 47,4 × 33,6 cm, <a href="/wiki/Galleria_degli_Uffizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Galleria degli Uffizi">Galleria degli Uffizi</a>, Florence</small>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_di_Senigallia" title="Madonna di Senigallia">Madonna di Senigallia</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1474</span>) – <small>Oil on panel, 67 × 53.5 cm, <a href="/wiki/Galleria_Nazionale_delle_Marche" class="mw-redirect" title="Galleria Nazionale delle Marche">Galleria Nazionale delle Marche</a>, Urbino</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Footnotes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Giorgio Vasari</a>, Piero worked for <a href="/wiki/Guidobaldo_da_Montefeltro" title="Guidobaldo da Montefeltro">Guidobaldo da Montefeltro</a>, who was Federico's son. However, in their <a href="/wiki/Oxford_World%27s_Classics" title="Oxford World's Classics">Oxford World's Classics</a> translation of Vasari, pp. 533-534, Julia Conaway Bondanella and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bondanella" title="Peter Bondanella">Peter Bondanella</a> write that Guidobaldo "was born too late to have been Piero's first patron, [and] Vasari probably means to allude to <a href="/wiki/Guidantonio_da_Montefeltro" title="Guidantonio da Montefeltro">Guidantonio da Montefeltro</a>," who was Federico's father. By contrast, Machtelt Brüggen Israëls writes in <i>Piero della Francesca and the Invention of the Artist</i>, p. 43, that Vasari was "possibly intending Federico di Montefeltro".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although he may have given up painting in his later years, Vasari's remarks that he went blind at the age of 60 have to be doubted,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011465_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011465-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since he completed his 1485 treatise on <a href="/wiki/Regular_solids" class="mw-redirect" title="Regular solids">regular solids</a> in his own handwriting. Machtelt Brüggen Israëls, however, wrote in 2020 that Piero was blind in his last months.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Guidobaldo_da_Montefeltro" title="Guidobaldo da Montefeltro">Guidobaldo da Montefeltro</a>, son and heir of Duke Federico.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 26em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-collier-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-collier_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collier_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collier_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collier_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTurner1976" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Turner, A. Richard (1976). "Piero della Francesca". In William D. Halsey (ed.). <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i>. Vol. 19. New York: Macmillan Educational Corporation. pp. 40–42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Piero+della+Francesca&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=40-42&rft.pub=Macmillan+Educational+Corporation&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=A.+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiero+della+Francesca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Piero+della+Francesca">"Piero della Francesca"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Oxford Dictionaries</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Piero+della+Francesca&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionaries+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FPiero%2Bdella%2BFrancesca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiero+della+Francesca" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Reference-AHD-Piero_della_Francesca" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Piero+della+Francesca">"Piero della Francesca"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.atitle=Piero+della+Francesca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DPiero%2Bdella%2BFrancesca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiero+della+Francesca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Piero%20della%20Francesca">"Piero della Francesca"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Piero+della+Francesca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FPiero%2520della%2520Francesca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiero+della+Francesca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Vasari, Giorgio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lives_of_the_Most_Excellent_Painters,_Sculptors,_and_Architects" title="Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects">Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects</a></i>, 1568.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011462-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011462_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011462_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDurantDurant2011">Durant & Durant 2011</a>, p. 462.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banker, James R., <i>The Culture of Sansepolcro during the Youth of Piero della Francesca</i>, The University of Michican Press, 2003, p.159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banker, James R., "Piero della Francesca as Assistant to Antonio d'Anghiari in the 1430s: Some Unpublished Documents",<i>The Burlington Magazine</i>, Vol. 135, No. 1078 (January 1993). pp. 16–21. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable//885421">/885421</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011463-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011463_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011463_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011463_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDurantDurant2011">Durant & Durant 2011</a>, p. 463.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The four saints are <i>Saint Augustine</i>, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ancient_Art" title="National Museum of Ancient Art">Museu de Arte Antiga</a>, Lisbon; <i>Saint Michael</i>, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a>, London; <i>Saint John the Evangelist</i>, <a href="/wiki/Frick_Collection" title="Frick Collection">Frick Collection</a>, New York; and <i>Saint Nicholas of Tolentino</i>, <a href="/wiki/Museo_Poldi_Pezzoli" title="Museo Poldi Pezzoli">Museo Poldi Pezzoli</a>, Milan. The paintings are identified and pictured in Cole, Bruce, <i>Piero della Francesca: Tradition and Innovation in Renaissance Art</i>, pp. 44-45, and in Pope-Hennessy, John, <i>The Piero della Francesca Trail</i> (2002), pp. 20-21. (Pope-Hennessy believes that the painting of Saint John the Evangelist is probably actually St. Simon, p. 19.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011464-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011464_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011464_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDurantDurant2011">Durant & Durant 2011</a>, p. 464.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goldenlegend-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-goldenlegend_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume3.htm#invention%20of%20the%20Holy%20Cross">"The Golden Legend, or Lives of the Saints" Volume Three</a>, retrieved on 22 May 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011466-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011466_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDurantDurant2011">Durant & Durant 2011</a>, p. 466.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Cole" title="Bruce Cole">Cole, Bruce</a>, <i>Piero della Francesca: Tradition and Innovation in Renaissance Art</i>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011465-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011465_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011465_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurantDurant2011465_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDurantDurant2011">Durant & Durant 2011</a>, p. 465.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Israëls, Machtelt Brüggen, <i>Piero della Francesca and the Invention of the Artist</i>, Reaktion Books, 2020, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saltz, Jerry, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/2013/03/saltz-piero-della-francesca-the-frick.html?origSession=D240315pOj3k5CSFZpAvPEmV8%2BDlmgPMEL%2FVNEzn3%2F9Bg41ZDs%3D&_gl=1*1hgqbt8*_ga*MjEyODQ5MzE4OS4xNzEwNTQ0OTI3*_ga_DNE38RK1HX*MTcxMzAwNzUwNi4zLjEuMTcxMzAwNzUxNi4wLjAuMTgwNTA5ODY4OA..*_fplc*VkF2cURKTHZtWW1KR0ZkZ3dlNW8xZXJvdW5FdkphVEJsRHhrTElsQ1MzRU43dUk2MUJsVFQ5d2J3R29wT0o1b2N4WWVVOGM1Y2ZmckdtM2NtbXAlMkZpdjd5VDUwVFIydkp4bFk4NTllYlZWZVhuTmV1cndOcGdXWFhxYXpaN1ElM0QlM0Q.#_ga=2.260647950.2003418678.1712975794-2128493189.1710544927">"Saltz on Piero della Francesca at the Frick".</a> <i>New York</i> magazine, March 3, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaiser, Walter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2013/03/21/noble-dreams-piero/">"The Noble Dreams of Piero"</a>, <i>The New York Review of Books</i>, March 21, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFField2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Judith_V._Field" title="Judith V. Field">Field, J. V.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/notices/200703/rev-emmer.pdf"><i>Piero della Francesca. A Mathematician's Art</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10342-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10342-5"><bdi>0-300-10342-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Piero+della+Francesca.+A+Mathematician%27s+Art&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-300-10342-5&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=J.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fnotices%2F200703%2Frev-emmer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiero+della+Francesca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/grove/art/T067465?q=piero+della+francesca&search=quick&pos=1&_start=1">"Piero della Francesca"</a>. <i>Oxford Art Online</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Art+Online&rft.atitle=Piero+della+Francesca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordartonline.com%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2Fgrove%2Fart%2FT067465%3Fq%3Dpiero%2Bdella%2Bfrancesca%26search%3Dquick%26pos%3D1%26_start%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiero+della+Francesca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivio2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mario_Livio" title="Mario Livio">Livio, Mario</a> (2003) [2002]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bUARfgWRH14C"><i>The Golden Ratio: The Story of Phi, the World's Most Astonishing Number</i></a> (First trade paperback ed.). New York City: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Broadway Books</a>. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7679-0816-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7679-0816-3"><bdi>0-7679-0816-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Ratio%3A+The+Story+of+Phi%2C+the+World%27s+Most+Astonishing+Number&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=126&rft.edition=First+trade+paperback&rft.pub=Broadway+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7679-0816-3&rft.aulast=Livio&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbUARfgWRH14C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiero+della+Francesca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jim-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jim_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Banker, <i>A Manuscript of the Works of Archimedes in the Hand of Piero della Francesca</i>, «Burlington Magazine», CXLVII, March 2005, pp. 165–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WDL-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WDL_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10646/">"On the Sphere and the Cylinder; On the Measurement of the Circle; On Conoids and Spheroids; On Spirals; On the Equilibrium of Planes; On the Quadrature of the Parabola; The Sand Reckoner"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a></i>. 1450–1460<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=On+the+Sphere+and+the+Cylinder%3B+On+the+Measurement+of+the+Circle%3B+On+Conoids+and+Spheroids%3B+On+Spirals%3B+On+the+Equilibrium+of+Planes%3B+On+the+Quadrature+of+the+Parabola%3B+The+Sand+Reckoner&rft.date=1450&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F10646%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiero+della+Francesca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pdan-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pdan_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paolo d'Alessandro e Pier Daniele Napolitani, <i>Archimede latino.Iacopo da San Cassiano e il corpus archimedeo alla metà del Quattrocento</i>, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2012.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurantDurant2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Will_Durant" title="Will Durant">Durant, Will</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Durant" title="Ariel Durant">Durant, Ariel</a> (2011) [1953]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Civilization#V._The_Renaissance_(1953)" title="The Story of Civilization">The Story of Civilization, Volume V: The Renaissance</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon and Schuster">Simon and Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781451647624" title="Special:BookSources/9781451647624"><bdi>9781451647624</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Civilization%2C+Volume+V%3A+The+Renaissance&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781451647624&rft.aulast=Durant&rft.aufirst=Will&rft.au=Durant%2C+Ariel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiero+della+Francesca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Banker, James R., <i>Piero della Francesca: Artist and Man</i>, Oxford University Press, 2014,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Berenson" title="Bernard Berenson">Berenson, Bernard</a>, <i>Piero della Francesca</i> or <i>The Ineloquent in Art</i>, New York: The Macmillan Company, 1954.</li> <li>Chieli, Francesca, "<i>La grecità antica e bizantina nell'opera di Piero della Francesca</i>", Firenze, 1993.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Christiansen_(art_historian)" title="Keith Christiansen (art historian)">Christiansen, Keith</a>, <i>Piero Della Francesca: Personal Encounters</i>, <a href="/wiki/The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="The Metropolitan Museum of Art">The Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, New York, 2013. With contributions by Roberto Belluci, Cecilia Frosinini, Anna Pizzati, and Chiara Rossi Scarzanella. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58839-529-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58839-529-0">978-1-58839-529-0</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clark" title="Kenneth Clark">Clark, Kenneth</a>, <i>Piero della Francesca</i>. Phaidon Publishers. First ed. 1951, second ed. 1969.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Cole" title="Bruce Cole">Cole, Bruce</a>, <i>Piero della Francesca: Tradition and Innovation in Renaissance Art</i>, HarperCollins Publishers, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-430906-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-430906-1">0-06-430906-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Damisch" title="Hubert Damisch">Damisch, Hubert</a>, <i>Un souvenir d'enfance par Piero della Francesca</i>, Edition du Seuil, Paris, 1997; Engl. ed.: <i>A Childhood Memory by Piero della Francesca</i>, Stanford University Press, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-3442-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-3442-9">0-8047-3442-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Ginzburg" title="Carlo Ginzburg">Ginzburg, Carlo</a>, <i>Indagini su Piero</i>, Eunaudi, Torino, 1982; Engl. ed.: <i>The Enigma of Piero: Piero della Francesca</i>, Verso, 1985, new edition 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85984-378-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85984-378-6">1-85984-378-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hendy" title="Philip Hendy">Hendy, Philip</a>, <i>Piero Della Francesca and the Early Renaissance</i>, New York: Macmillan, 1968, and London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968.</li> <li>Israëls, Machtelt Brüggen, <i>Piero della Francesca and the Invention of the Artist</i>, Reaktion Books, 2020. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1789143218" title="Special:BookSources/978-1789143218">978-1789143218</a>.</li> <li>Kaiser, Walter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2013/03/21/noble-dreams-piero/">"The Noble Dreams of Piero"</a>, <i>The New York Review of Books</i>, March 21, 2013. Review of Silver, Nathaniel E., <i>Piero della Francesca in America</i> and the exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/Frick_Collection" title="Frick Collection">Frick Collection</a> that it accompanied.</li> <li>Lavin, Marilyn Aronberg, <i>Piero della Francesca: San Francesco, Arezzo</i>, New York: George Braziller, 1994.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Lightbown" title="Ronald Lightbown">Lightbown, Ronald</a>, <i>Piero della Francesca</i>, Abbeville Press, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1558591684" title="Special:BookSources/978-1558591684">978-1558591684</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Longhi" title="Roberto Longhi">Longhi, Roberto</a>, <i>Piero de' Franceschi</i>, Rom, 1927; Engl. ed. translated by Leonard Penlock: <i>Piero della Francesca</i>, F. Warne & Co., London and New York, 1930; new ed. with expansions until 1962, 1963 translation by David Tabbat: Sheep Meadow, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-878818-77-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-878818-77-5">1-878818-77-5</a>.</li> <li>Maetzke, Anna Maria, ed., <i>Piero della Francesca: The Legend of the True Cross in the Church of San Francesco in Arezzo</i>, with Giovanna Melandri, Stefano Casciu, and Carla Corsi. Skira, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-8118-829-5" title="Special:BookSources/88-8118-829-5">88-8118-829-5</a>.</li> <li>Maetzke, Anna Maria; Bertelli, Carlo, eds., <i>Piero della Francesca: The Legend of the True Cross in the Church of San Francesco in Arezzo</i>, texts by Marilyn Aronberg Lavin et al. Skira, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8884910233" title="Special:BookSources/978-8884910233">978-8884910233</a>.</li> <li>Manescalchi, Roberto, <i>L'Ercole di Piero, tra mito e realtà,(ParteI)</i>, Grafica European Center of Fine Art (Terre di Piero), Firenze, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-95450-05-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-95450-05-6">978-88-95450-05-6</a></li> <li>Manescalchi, Roberto, "Piero alla corte dei Pichi", in <i>Studi e Documenti Pierfrancescani II</i>, Sansepolcro 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8895450445" title="Special:BookSources/978-8895450445">978-8895450445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Meiss" title="Millard Meiss">Meiss, Millard</a>, "A Documented Altarpiece by Piero della Francesca", <i>The Art Bulletin</i>, Vol. 23 (March 1941), pp. 53-68; reprinted with alterations and additions in Millard Meiss, <i>The Painter's Choice: Problems in the Interpretation of Renaissance Art</i>, Harper and Row, 1976, pp. 82-104.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Pacioli" title="Luca Pacioli">Pacioli, Luca</a>, <i>Libellus de quinque corporibus regularibus</i>, corredato della versione volgare [fac-sim du Codice Vat. Urb. Lat. 632]; eds. Cecil Grayson,... Marisa Dalai Emiliani, Carlo Maccagni. Firenze, Giunti, 1995. 3 vol. (68 ff., XLIV-213, XXII-223 pp.). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-09-01020-5" title="Special:BookSources/88-09-01020-5">88-09-01020-5</a></li> <li><i>Piero's Archimedes</i>, [fac-sim du Codice Riccardiano 106 par Piero della Francesca]; eds. Roberto Manescalchi, Matteo Martelli, James Banker, Giovanna Lazzi, Pierdaniele Napolitani, Riccardo Bellè. Sansepolcro, Grafica European Center of Fine Arts e Vimer Industrie Grafiche Italiane, 2007. 2 vol. (82 ff., XIV-332 pp. English, French, Spanish, German, Italian and Arabic). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-95450-25-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-95450-25-4">978-88-95450-25-4</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pope-Hennessy" title="John Pope-Hennessy">Pope-Hennessy, John</a>, <i>The Piero della Francesca Trail</i>, Walter Neurath Memorial Lectures, Thames and Hudson, London, 1991; new ed. expanded with <a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>, "The Best Picture", The Little Bookroom, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-892145-13-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-892145-13-8">1-892145-13-8</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossetti1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Michael_Rossetti" title="William Michael Rossetti">Rossetti, William Michael</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Franceschi, Piero de'"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Franceschi,_Piero_de%27">"Franceschi, Piero de'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). p. 930.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Franceschi%2C+Piero+de%27&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=930&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Rossetti&rft.aufirst=William+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiero+della+Francesca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Silver, Nathaniel E., <i>Piero della Francesca in America: From Sansepolcro to the East Coast</i>, with essays by James R. Banker and Machtelt Israëls, and an appendix by Giacomo Guazzini and Elena Squillantini. New York: <a href="/wiki/Frick_Collection" title="Frick Collection">Frick Collection</a>, 2013. Catalogue for exhibition of the same name listed in "External links".</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Piero_della_Francesca" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Piero della Francesca">Piero della Francesca</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2b5CSCyPziY">"The Art of Piero della Francesco", Lecture by Machtelt Brüggen Israëls</a> at The <a href="/wiki/Frick_Collection" title="Frick Collection">Frick Collection</a>, November 20, 2019.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frick.org/exhibitions/past/2013/piero">"Piero della Francesca in America"</a>, exhibition at The Frick Collection, February 12, 2013 to May 19, 2013.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/articles/keith-christiansen-interview">"Featured Catalogue—Interview with the Curator: Keith Christiansen"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, March 5, 2014.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Piero_della_Francesca" title="Template:Piero della Francesca"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Piero_della_Francesca" title="Template talk:Piero della Francesca"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Piero_della_Francesca" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Piero della Francesca"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Piero_della_Francesca" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Piero della Francesca</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E6C373;;width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flagellation_of_Christ_(Piero_della_Francesca)" title="Flagellation of Christ (Piero della Francesca)"><i>Flagellation of Christ</i></a> (1455–1460)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_the_True_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="The History of the True Cross"><i>History of the True Cross</i></a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1447</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Baptism_of_Christ_(Piero_della_Francesca)" title="The Baptism of Christ (Piero della Francesca)"><i>Baptism of Christ</i></a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1448–1450</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Sigismondo_Pandolfo_Malatesta" title="Portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta">Portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1451</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Julian_the_Hospitaller_(Piero_della_Francesca)" title="Saint Julian the Hospitaller (Piero della Francesca)">Saint Julian the Hospitaller</a></i> (1454–1458)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_del_Parto" title="Madonna del Parto">Madonna del Parto</a></i> (after 1457)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Resurrection_(Piero_della_Francesca)" title="The Resurrection (Piero della Francesca)"><i>Resurrection</i></a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1460</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_of_Toulouse_(Piero_della_Francesca)" title="Saint Louis of Toulouse (Piero della Francesca)">Saint Louis of Toulouse</a></i> (1460)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyptych_of_the_Misericordia_(Piero_della_Francesca)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyptych of the Misericordia (Piero della Francesca)"><i>Polyptych of the Misericordia</i></a> (1460–1462)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hercules_(Piero_della_Francesca)" title="Hercules (Piero della Francesca)">Hercules</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1465</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Augustine_Altarpiece_(Piero_della_Francesca)" title="Saint Augustine Altarpiece (Piero della Francesca)">Saint Augustine Altarpiece</a></i> (1454–1469)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diptych_of_Federico_da_Montefeltro_and_Battista_Sforza" title="Diptych of Federico da Montefeltro and Battista Sforza">Diptych of Federico da Montefeltro and Battista Sforza</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1465–1472</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polyptych_of_Perugia" title="Polyptych of Perugia">Polyptych of Perugia</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1470</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brera_Madonna" title="Brera Madonna">Brera Madonna</a></i> (1472–1474)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_di_Senigallia" title="Madonna di Senigallia">Madonna di Senigallia</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1474</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nativity_(Piero_della_Francesca)" title="The Nativity (Piero della Francesca)">The Nativity</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1470–1475</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E6C373;;width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Prospectiva_pingendi" class="mw-redirect" title="De Prospectiva pingendi">De Prospectiva pingendi</a></i> (treatise on perspective)</li> <li><i>Trattato d'abaco</i> (treatise on arithmetic)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_quinque_corporibus_regularibus" title="De quinque corporibus regularibus">De quinque corporibus regularibus</a></i> (treatise on polyhedra)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E6C373;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Frescoes_of_Piero_della_Francesca" title="The Frescoes of Piero della Francesca">The Frescoes of Piero della Francesca</a></i> (1955 orchestral work)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5822#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5822#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5822#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121297163">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/41861623">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/7828158792858139040002">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/19222/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118524577">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50072224">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12060279h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12060279h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00439979">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Piero : della Francesca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV096907">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36557157">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0011775&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1722031">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/873086">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071549021">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90178468">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000192350&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000048350&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000384659">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=197605">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/mkz12fk51qwl891">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810533187305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/53115">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266551805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514138806706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01222573?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:piero-della-francesca.">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/269713">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500006339">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/0d726aa6-4755-4a2f-b298-f117136db4f1">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/63396">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/d054e8d3-70f5-4ca7-a3da-fa30865eb10c">KulturNav</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sammlung.staedelmuseum.de/en/person/piero-della-francesca">Städel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1290872">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="FRANCESCHI, Piero"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/piero-franceschi_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118524577.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118524577">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028853210">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6hx1ffc">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/34671">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&oldid=1249989386">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piero_della_Francesca&oldid=1249989386</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Piero_della_Francesca" title="Category:Piero della Francesca">Piero della Francesca</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Italian_Renaissance_painters" 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