CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="de" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Gabriel Lippmann – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )dewikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januar","Februar","März","April","Mai","Juni","Juli","August","September","Oktober","November","Dezember"],"wgRequestId":"12d7670c-8846-424e-bd10-682e832027a6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Gabriel_Lippmann","wgTitle":"Gabriel Lippmann","wgCurRevisionId":243638989,"wgRevisionId":243638989,"wgArticleId":36769,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"], "wgCategories":["Physiker (19. Jahrhundert)","Physiker (20. Jahrhundert)","Nobelpreisträger für Physik","Fotopionier","Person (Edeldruckverfahren)","Hochschullehrer (Sorbonne)","Mitglied der Académie des sciences","Auswärtiges Mitglied der Royal Society","Person als Namensgeber für einen Mondkrater","Mitglied der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften","Korrespondierendes Mitglied der Russischen Akademie der Wissenschaften","Mitglied der Royal Society of Edinburgh","Mitglied der Accademia delle Scienze di Torino","Franzose","Geboren 1845","Gestorben 1921","Mann"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"de","wgPageContentLanguage":"de","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Gabriel_Lippmann","wgRelevantArticleId":36769,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":243638989 ,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"de","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"de"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":8000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":true,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":false,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q133232","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.citeRef":"ready","ext.gadget.defaultPlainlinks": "ready","ext.gadget.dewikiCommonHide":"ready","ext.gadget.dewikiCommonLayout":"ready","ext.gadget.dewikiCommonStyle":"ready","ext.gadget.NavFrame":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","codex-search-styles":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.createNewSection","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMap","ext.gadget.CommonsDirekt","ext.gadget.donateLink", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.compactlinks","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=de&modules=codex-search-styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=de&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=de&modules=ext.gadget.NavFrame%2CciteRef%2CdefaultPlainlinks%2CdewikiCommonHide%2CdewikiCommonLayout%2CdewikiCommonStyle&only=styles&skin=vector"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=de&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Gabriel_Lippmann2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1697"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Gabriel_Lippmann2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1131"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="905"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Gabriel Lippmann – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Seite bearbeiten" href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (de)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//de.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom-Feed für „Wikipedia“" href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Letzte_%C3%84nderungen&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Gabriel_Lippmann rootpage-Gabriel_Lippmann skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gabriel Lippmann</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Zur Navigation springen</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Zur Suche springen</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Gabriel_Lippmann2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gabriel_Lippmann2.jpg/220px-Gabriel_Lippmann2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Gabriel_Lippmann2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Gabriel Lippmann, 1908</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Gabriel_Lippmann_1908.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gabriel_Lippmann_1908.jpg/220px-Gabriel_Lippmann_1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gabriel_Lippmann_1908.jpg/330px-Gabriel_Lippmann_1908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gabriel_Lippmann_1908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Gabriel Lippmann, 1908</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jonas Ferdinand Gabriel<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lippmann</b> (* <a href="/wiki/16._August" title="16. August">16. August</a> <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bonneweg" title="Bonneweg">Bonneweg</a> (Bonnevoie)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, damals Gemeinde <a href="/wiki/Hollerich_(Luxemburg)" title="Hollerich (Luxemburg)">Hollerich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a>; † <a href="/wiki/13._Juli" title="13. Juli">13. Juli</a> <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a> im <a href="/wiki/Atlantik" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantik">Atlantik</a> auf der <i><a href="/wiki/France_(Schiff,_1912%E2%80%931934)" title="France (Schiff, 1912–1934)">France</a></i> auf der Fahrt von <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> nach <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) war ein französischer Physiker und <a href="/wiki/Nobelpreis_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Nobelpreis für Physik">Nobelpreisträger für Physik</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Leben_und_Wirken"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Leben und Wirken</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Würdigung"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Würdigung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Literatur"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Literatur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Einzelnachweise"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leben_und_Wirken">Leben und Wirken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Leben und Wirken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Leben und Wirken"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Le_professeur_Lippmann_dans_le_laboratoire_des_recherches_physiques_de_la_Sorbonne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Le_professeur_Lippmann_dans_le_laboratoire_des_recherches_physiques_de_la_Sorbonne.jpg/220px-Le_professeur_Lippmann_dans_le_laboratoire_des_recherches_physiques_de_la_Sorbonne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Le_professeur_Lippmann_dans_le_laboratoire_des_recherches_physiques_de_la_Sorbonne.jpg/330px-Le_professeur_Lippmann_dans_le_laboratoire_des_recherches_physiques_de_la_Sorbonne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Le_professeur_Lippmann_dans_le_laboratoire_des_recherches_physiques_de_la_Sorbonne.jpg/440px-Le_professeur_Lippmann_dans_le_laboratoire_des_recherches_physiques_de_la_Sorbonne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2104" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><i>Herr Professor Lippmann im Labor für Physik an der Sorbonne</i> (Bibliothèque de la Sorbonne, NuBIS)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Lippmann_photo_flowers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Lippmann_photo_flowers.jpg" decoding="async" width="203" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Frühe Farbfotografie von Gabriel Lippmann</figcaption></figure> <p>Gabriel Lippmann war der Sohn einer luxemburgisch-jüdischen Familie, die bald nach seiner Geburt nach Frankreich zog, wo er zur Schule ging. 1883 wurde Lippmann Professor für mathematische <a href="/wiki/Physik" title="Physik">Physik</a> und 1886 für experimentelle Physik an der <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne" title="Sorbonne">Sorbonne</a>. </p><p>Er entwickelte unter anderem das auf der <a href="/wiki/Interferenz_(Physik)" title="Interferenz (Physik)">Interferenz</a> beruhende und nach ihm benannte <a href="/wiki/Lippmannverfahren" title="Lippmannverfahren">Lippmannverfahren</a> der <a href="/wiki/Farbfotografie" title="Farbfotografie">Farbfotografie</a>, das er 1891 der Akademie der Naturwissenschaften vorstellte und für das er 1908 den <a href="/wiki/Nobelpreis_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Nobelpreis für Physik">Nobelpreis für Physik</a> erhielt. </p><p>Der von ihm im Jahre 1881 theoretisch begründete „reziproke“ oder „inverse <a href="/wiki/Piezo-Effekt" class="mw-redirect" title="Piezo-Effekt">Piezo-Effekt</a>“ wurde von den Gebrüdern <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Curie" title="Jacques Curie">Jacques Curie</a> und <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a> experimentell nachgewiesen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lippmann gilt als einer der führenden Physiker seiner Zeit und war Mitglied vieler wissenschaftlicher Organisationen, unter anderen der <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> of London, der <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a>, der <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6niglich_Preu%C3%9Fische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften" class="mw-redirect" title="Königlich Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften">Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften</a>, der <a href="/wiki/Russische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften" title="Russische Akademie der Wissenschaften">Russischen Akademie der Wissenschaften</a> und der <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences" title="Académie des sciences">Académie des sciences</a> in Paris. </p><p>Wichtig aus heutiger Sicht sind seine Arbeiten zur Elektrokapillarität (englisch <i>electrocapillarity</i>). Er entwickelte 1872 das <a href="/wiki/Kapillarelektrometer" title="Kapillarelektrometer">Kapillarelektrometer</a>. Zusammen mit seinen Arbeiten zur <a href="/wiki/Elektrobenetzung" title="Elektrobenetzung">Elektrobenetzung</a> (englisch <i>electrowetting</i>) legte er damit wichtige Grundlagen für das Gebiet der <a href="/wiki/Mikrofluidik" title="Mikrofluidik">Mikrofluidik</a>. Mithilfe dieses Verfahrens lassen sich kleinste Flüssigkeitströpfchen auf Oberflächen gezielt hin und her bewegen. Neben biotechnologischen Mikrofluidikanwendungen lassen sich auf diese Weise auch Displays <i>(electronic paper)</i> sowie Linsen mit elektrisch schaltbarer Brennweite herstellen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lippmann erfand auch ein Gerät (<a href="/wiki/Coelostat" title="Coelostat">Coelostat</a> oder Zölostat), ein Hilfsinstrument in der praktischen Astronomie, um richtungsfeste Fernrohre – insbesondere Turmteleskope – der täglichen Himmelsdrehung nachzuführen (1893). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:LippmannCraterSAT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/LippmannCraterSAT.jpg/220px-LippmannCraterSAT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/LippmannCraterSAT.jpg/330px-LippmannCraterSAT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/LippmannCraterSAT.jpg/440px-LippmannCraterSAT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1214" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>Die Mondkrater Lippmann</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Würdigung"><span id="W.C3.BCrdigung"></span>Würdigung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Würdigung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Würdigung"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lippmanns Beitrag zur Entwicklung der Farbfotografie war zwar wesentlich und wurde 1908 bereits mit einem <a href="/wiki/Nobelpreis" title="Nobelpreis">Nobelpreis</a> belohnt, dennoch ist er im öffentlichen Bewusstsein vergessen. Ein Großteil der knapp 300 Farbfotografien Gabriel Lippmanns, die sich erhalten haben, sind in Sammlungen weltweit zerstreut. Ein Konvolut von mehr als einem Drittel, genau 127, werden in Lausanne, im <a href="/wiki/Photo_Elys%C3%A9e" title="Photo Elysée">Photo Elysée</a> aufbewahrt. Das Fotomuseum widmete Lippmann 2023 eine Ausstellung.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nach Gabriel Lippmann war das Forschungscenter <i>Centre de Recherche Public – Gabriel Lippmann</i> in <a href="/wiki/Sassenheim_(Luxemburg)" title="Sassenheim (Luxemburg)">Beles</a> (franz.: Belvaux), Luxemburg benannt. Zudem ist er Namensgeber für die <a href="/wiki/Lippmann-Inseln" title="Lippmann-Inseln">Lippmann-Inseln</a> vor der Westküste des Grahamlands, Antarktika und die Mondkrater <a href="/wiki/Lippmann_(Mondkrater)" title="Lippmann (Mondkrater)">Lippmann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Literatur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Literatur"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hanin Hannouch (Hrsg.): <i>Gabriel Lippmann’s Colour Photography. Science, Media, Museums</i>. Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam 2022, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9789463728553" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-9-4637-2855-3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Offizielle Vornamen laut Geburtsurkunde, reproduziert bei R. Stumper: <i>Luxemburger Wissenschaftler im Ausland</i>. Verlag Letzeburger Land, Luxemburg 1962, S. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jos. A. Massard: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://massard.info/pdf/lippmann_massard.pdf"><i>Gabriel Lippmann et le Luxembourg</i>.</a> (PDF; 2,4 MB) In: J. P. Pier und J. A. Massard (Hrsg.): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://massard.info/pdf/lippmann_livre.pdf"><i>Gabriel Lippmann: Commémoration par la section des sciences naturelles, physiques et mathématiques de l’Institut grand-ducal de Luxembourg du 150e anniversaire du savant né au Luxembourg, lauréat du prix Nobel en 1908.</i></a> (PDF; 7,1 MB) Section des sciences naturelles, physiques et mathématiques de l’Institut grand-ducal de Luxembourg en collaboration avec le Séminaire de mathématique et le Séminaire d’histoire des sciences et de la médecine du centre universitaire de Luxembourg, Luxembourg 1997, S. 81–111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9506E7DC173EEE3ABC4C52DFB166838A639EDE"><i>Gabriel Lippman, Scientist, Dies at Sea</i></a>. In: <i>The New York Times</i>. 14. Juli 1921.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Katzir: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.lu/books?id=Wy2j5H7aDm8C&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=curie+inverse+piezoelektrizität&source=bl&ots=SX-YM7RN2J&sig=Xllm1PJAqRZ3dlonXcfDMmhwWZI&hl=fr&ei=mNoOStm_BcTt_AaznvyZBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4#PPA22,M1"><i>The beginnings of piezoelectricity: A Study in Mundane Physics.</i></a> Springer 2006, S. 35ff. Siehe auch: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r246413598">.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento{color:var(--color-base,#202122)!important}</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151219235558/http://www.hbm.com/fileadmin/mediapool/techarticles/2007/id813_piezo_de.pdf">Der Piezoeffekt und seine Anwendungen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Web-Archivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Web-Archivierung"><span class="webarchiv-memento">Memento</span></a> vom 19. Dezember 2015 im <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) (PDF; 178 kB) von Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik, Darmstadt.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">F. Mugele und J. C. Baret: <i>Electrowetting: from basics to applications</i>. In: <i>J. Phys.: Condens. Matter</i>. Band 17, 2005, Nr. 28, S. R705–R744</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elysee.ch/de/exhibitions/gabriel-lippmann/"><i>Gabriel Lippmann. Die Fotografie der Farben.</i></a> Webpräsentation mit Text zur Ausstellung 2023 und zum Fonds Gabriel Lippmann im Photo Elysée, Lausanne. Abgerufen am 18. Dezember 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3418">Gabriel Lippmann</a> im <i>Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature</i> der <a href="/wiki/Internationale_Astronomische_Union" title="Internationale Astronomische Union">IAU</a> (WGPSN) / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gabriel_Lippmann?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Gabriel Lippmann</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1908/summary/">Informationen</a> der <a href="/wiki/Nobelpreis" title="Nobelpreis">Nobelstiftung</a> zur Preisverleihung 1908 an Gabriel Lippmann (englisch)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1908/lippmann-bio.html">Biographie auf der Nobelpreis-Website (englisch)</a></li> <li>Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogues.royalsociety.org/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Persons&id=NA5236&pos=1"><i>Lippmann; Gabriel Jonas (1845–1921)</i></a> im Archiv der <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></i>, London<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li> <li><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111123112555/http://dahl.lippmann.lu/index.php?id=37&L=2"><i>Lebenslauf beim ehemaligen Centre de Recherche Public Gabriel Lippmann.</i></a> Archiviert vom <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r235239667">.mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-position:center right;background-repeat:no-repeat}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr-progressive.svg")!important;background-size:10px;padding-right:13px!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a,body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/MediaWiki_external_link_icon.svg")!important;padding-right:13px!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg")!important;background-size:0.857em;padding-right:1em!important}</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdahl.lippmann.lu%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D37%26L%3D2">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">23. November 2011</span><span style="display:none">;</span><span class="Abrufdatum" style="display:none"> abgerufen am 1. Januar 1970</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AGabriel+Lippmann&rft.title=Lebenslauf+beim+ehemaligen+Centre+de+Recherche+Public+Gabriel+Lippmann&rft.description=Lebenslauf+beim+ehemaligen+Centre+de+Recherche+Public+Gabriel+Lippmann&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20111123112555%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fdahl.lippmann.lu%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D37%26L%3D2&rft.source=http://dahl.lippmann.lu/index.php?id=37&L=2&rft.language=en"> </span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r248673343">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-right-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-top-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-bottom-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;margin-top:1.5em;min-height:0;padding:2px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.NavPic{float:left;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.NavHead{background-color:var(--dewiki-hintergrundfarbe5);font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+link+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+style+div.NavFrame{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .NavToggle{float:right;font-size:x-small}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}</style><div class="NavFrame navigation-not-searchable" role="navigation"> <div class="NavHead"><a href="/wiki/Liste_der_Nobelpreistr%C3%A4ger_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Liste der Nobelpreisträger für Physik">Träger des Nobelpreises für Physik</a></div> <div class="NavContent"> <p>1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Röntgen</a> | 1902: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz">Lorentz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a> | 1903: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> | 1904: <a href="/wiki/John_Strutt,_3._Baron_Rayleigh" title="John Strutt, 3. Baron Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a> | 1905: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a> | 1906: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a> | 1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Michelson</a> | 1908: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lippmann</a> | 1909: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Braun" title="Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> | 1910: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van der Waals</a> | 1911: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a> | 1912: <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a> | 1913: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a> | 1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a> | 1915: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a> | 1916: <i>nicht verliehen</i> | 1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a> | 1918: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a> | 1919: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a> | 1920: <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a> | 1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> | 1922: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a> | 1923: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a> | 1924: <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">M. Siegbahn</a> | 1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz">Hertz</a> | 1926: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin">Perrin</a> | 1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Compton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. T. R. Wilson</a> | 1928: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. W. Richardson</a> | 1929: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">de Broglie</a> | 1930: <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a> | 1931: <i>nicht verliehen</i> | 1932: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a> | 1933: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a> | 1934: <i>nicht verliehen</i> | 1935: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a> | 1936: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C. D. Anderson</a> | 1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">G. P. Thomson</a> | 1938: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a> | 1939: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a> | 1940–1942: <i>nicht verliehen</i> | 1943: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern_(Physiker)" title="Otto Stern (Physiker)">Stern</a> | 1944: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a> | 1945: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a> | 1946: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a> | 1947: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a> | 1948: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett,_Baron_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett">Blackett</a> | 1949: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a> | 1950: <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Powell" title="Cecil Powell">Powell</a> | 1951: <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a> | 1952: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a> | 1953: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a> | 1954: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a> | 1955: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Lamb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a> | 1956: <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley">Shockley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a> | 1957: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T.-D. Lee</a> | 1958: <a href="/wiki/Pawel_Alexejewitsch_Tscherenkow" title="Pawel Alexejewitsch Tscherenkow">Tscherenkow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Michailowitsch_Frank" title="Ilja Michailowitsch Frank">Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igor_Jewgenjewitsch_Tamm" title="Igor Jewgenjewitsch Tamm">Tamm</a> | 1959: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a>, <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a> | 1960: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Glaser</a> | 1961: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6%C3%9Fbauer" title="Rudolf Mößbauer">Mößbauer</a> | 1962: <a href="/wiki/Lew_Dawidowitsch_Landau" title="Lew Dawidowitsch Landau">Landau</a> | 1963: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Wigner" title="Eugene Paul Wigner">Wigner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hans_Daniel_Jensen" title="Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen">Jensen</a> | 1964: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Townes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gennadijewitsch_Bassow" title="Nikolai Gennadijewitsch Bassow">Bassow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Michailowitsch_Prochorow" title="Alexander Michailowitsch Prochorow">Prochorow</a> | 1965: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Seymour_Schwinger" title="Julian Seymour Schwinger">Schwinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shin%E2%80%99ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin’ichirō Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> | 1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a> | 1967: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a> | 1968: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a> | 1969: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a> | 1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Néel</a> | 1971: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_G%C3%A1bor" title="Dennis Gábor">Gábor</a> | 1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Neil_Cooper" title="Leon Neil Cooper">Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a> | 1973: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson">Josephson</a> | 1974: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a> | 1975: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">A. N. Bohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Mottelson" title="Ben Mottelson">Mottelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a> | 1976: <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chao_Chung_Ting" title="Samuel Chao Chung Ting">Ting</a> | 1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a> | 1978: <a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Leonidowitsch_Kapiza" title="Pjotr Leonidowitsch Kapiza">Kapiza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arno_Penzias" title="Arno Penzias">Penzias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R. W. Wilson</a> | 1979: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a> | 1980: <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val_Fitch" title="Val Fitch">Fitch</a> | 1981: <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K. Siegbahn</a> | 1982: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Wilson" title="Kenneth Wilson">K. Wilson</a> | 1983: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a> | 1984: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">van der Meer</a> | 1985: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a> | 1986: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a> | 1987: <a href="/wiki/Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Müller</a> | 1988: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman" title="Leon Max Lederman">Lederman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a> | 1989: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul_(Physiker)" title="Wolfgang Paul (Physiker)">Paul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Ramsey" title="Norman Ramsey">Ramsey</a> | 1990: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_Taylor" title="Richard Edward Taylor">R. E. Taylor</a> | 1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a> | 1992: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a> | 1993: <a href="/wiki/Russell_Hulse" title="Russell Hulse">Hulse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor,_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.">J. H. Taylor</a> | 1994: <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a> | 1995: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a> | 1996: <a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">D. M. Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dean_Osheroff" title="Douglas Dean Osheroff">Osheroff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. C. Richardson</a> | 1997: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a> | 1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Betts_Laughlin" title="Robert Betts Laughlin">Laughlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chee_Tsui" title="Daniel Chee Tsui">Tsui</a> | 1999: <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%E2%80%99t_Hooft" title="Gerard ’t Hooft">’t Hooft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a> | 2000: <a href="/wiki/Schores_Iwanowitsch_Alfjorow" title="Schores Iwanowitsch Alfjorow">Alfjorow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a> | 2001: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Edwin_Wieman" title="Carl Edwin Wieman">Wieman</a> | 2002: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_junior" title="Raymond Davis junior">Davis Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a> | 2003: <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Alexejewitsch_Abrikossow" title="Alexei Alexejewitsch Abrikossow">Abrikossow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Witali_Lasarewitsch_Ginsburg" title="Witali Lasarewitsch Ginsburg">Ginsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a> | 2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Politzer" title="David Politzer">Politzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a> | 2005: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jay_Glauber" title="Roy Jay Glauber">Glauber</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Hall" title="John Lewis Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Hänsch</a> | 2006: <a href="/wiki/John_Cromwell_Mather" title="John Cromwell Mather">Mather</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a> | 2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a> | 2008: <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Nambu" title="Yōichirō Nambu">Nambu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(Physiker)" title="Makoto Kobayashi (Physiker)">Kobayashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Masukawa" title="Toshihide Masukawa">Maskawa</a> | 2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kuen_Kao" title="Charles Kuen Kao">Kao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Elwood_Smith" title="George Elwood Smith">Smith</a> | 2010: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a> | 2011: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_P._Schmidt" title="Brian P. Schmidt">Schmidt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> | 2012: <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">Wineland</a> | 2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a> | 2014: <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a> | 2015: <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_McDonald" title="Arthur McDonald">McDonald</a> | 2016: <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a>, <a href="/wiki/F._Duncan_M._Haldane" title="F. Duncan M. Haldane">Haldane</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a> | 2017: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a> | 2018: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a> | 2019: <a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">Peebles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a> | 2020: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Ghez</a> | 2021: <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a> | 2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a> | 2023: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%E2%80%99Huillier" title="Anne L’Huillier">L’Huillier</a> | 2024: <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-p" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div> Normdaten (Person): <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117044873">117044873</a></span> <span class="noprint">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lobid.org/gnd/117044873">lobid</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/SET=1/TTL=1/CMD?retrace=0&trm_old=&ACT=SRCHA&IKT=2999&SRT=RLV&TRM=117044873">OGND</a><span class="metadata">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prometheus.lmu.de/gnd/117044873">AKS</a></span>)</span> | <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n87138194">n87138194</a></span> | <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/29657886/">29657886</a></span> | <span class="noprint"><a class="external text" href="https://persondata.toolforge.org/p/Gabriel_Lippmann">Wikipedia-Personensuche</a></span><span class="metadata"></span></div> </div></div> <table class="metadata rahmenfarbe1" id="Vorlage_Personendaten" style="border-style: solid; margin-top: 20px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hilfe:Personendaten" title="Hilfe:Personendaten">Personendaten</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">NAME </td> <td style="font-weight: bold;">Lippmann, Gabriel </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">ALTERNATIVNAMEN </td> <td>Lippmann, Jonas Ferdinand Gabriel (vollständiger Name) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">KURZBESCHREIBUNG </td> <td>französischer Physiker und Nobelpreisträger für Physik </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">GEBURTSDATUM </td> <td>16. August 1845 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">GEBURTSORT </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bonneweg" title="Bonneweg">Bonneweg</a> (Bonnevoie) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">STERBEDATUM </td> <td>13. Juli 1921 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">STERBEORT </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantik" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantik">Atlantik</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Abgerufen von „<a dir="ltr" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&oldid=243638989">https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&oldid=243638989</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorien" title="Wikipedia:Kategorien">Kategorien</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Physiker_(19._Jahrhundert)" title="Kategorie:Physiker (19. Jahrhundert)">Physiker (19. Jahrhundert)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Physiker_(20._Jahrhundert)" title="Kategorie:Physiker (20. Jahrhundert)">Physiker (20. Jahrhundert)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Nobelpreistr%C3%A4ger_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Kategorie:Nobelpreisträger für Physik">Nobelpreisträger für Physik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Fotopionier" title="Kategorie:Fotopionier">Fotopionier</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Person_(Edeldruckverfahren)" title="Kategorie:Person (Edeldruckverfahren)">Person (Edeldruckverfahren)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Hochschullehrer_(Sorbonne)" title="Kategorie:Hochschullehrer (Sorbonne)">Hochschullehrer (Sorbonne)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Mitglied_der_Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences" title="Kategorie:Mitglied der Académie des sciences">Mitglied der Académie des sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Ausw%C3%A4rtiges_Mitglied_der_Royal_Society" title="Kategorie:Auswärtiges Mitglied der Royal Society">Auswärtiges Mitglied der Royal Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Person_als_Namensgeber_f%C3%BCr_einen_Mondkrater" title="Kategorie:Person als Namensgeber für einen Mondkrater">Person als Namensgeber für einen Mondkrater</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Mitglied_der_Preu%C3%9Fischen_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften" title="Kategorie:Mitglied der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften">Mitglied der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Korrespondierendes_Mitglied_der_Russischen_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften" title="Kategorie:Korrespondierendes Mitglied der Russischen Akademie der Wissenschaften">Korrespondierendes Mitglied der Russischen Akademie der Wissenschaften</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Mitglied_der_Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Kategorie:Mitglied der Royal Society of Edinburgh">Mitglied der Royal Society of Edinburgh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Mitglied_der_Accademia_delle_Scienze_di_Torino" title="Kategorie:Mitglied der Accademia delle Scienze di Torino">Mitglied der Accademia delle Scienze di Torino</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Franzose" title="Kategorie:Franzose">Franzose</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Geboren_1845" title="Kategorie:Geboren 1845">Geboren 1845</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Gestorben_1921" title="Kategorie:Gestorben 1921">Gestorben 1921</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Mann" title="Kategorie:Mann">Mann</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigationsmenü</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Meine Werkzeuge</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="Benutzerseite der IP-Adresse, von der aus du Änderungen durchführst">Nicht angemeldet</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Diskussionsseite" title="Diskussion über Änderungen von dieser IP-Adresse [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussionsseite</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Beitr%C3%A4ge" title="Eine Liste der Bearbeitungen, die von dieser IP-Adresse gemacht wurden [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Beiträge</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Benutzerkonto_anlegen&returnto=Gabriel+Lippmann" title="Wir ermutigen dich dazu, ein Benutzerkonto zu erstellen und dich anzumelden. Es ist jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich."><span>Benutzerkonto erstellen</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Anmelden&returnto=Gabriel+Lippmann" title="Anmelden ist zwar keine Pflicht, wird aber gerne gesehen. [o]" accesskey="o"><span>Anmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav id="p-namespaces" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Namensräume</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Seiteninhalt anzeigen [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Gabriel_Lippmann" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion zum Seiteninhalt [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <label id="p-variants-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Deutsch</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Ansichten</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann"><span>Lesen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&veaction=edit" title="Diese Seite mit dem VisualEditor bearbeiten [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&action=edit" title="Den Quelltext dieser Seite bearbeiten [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&action=history" title="Frühere Versionen dieser Seite [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Versionsgeschichte</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-cactions" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" title="Weitere Optionen" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-cactions-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" > <label id="p-cactions-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Weitere</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <h3 >Suche</h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="vector-search-box-form"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="vector-search-box-inner" data-search-loc="header-navigation"> <input class="vector-search-box-input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia durchsuchen" aria-label="Wikipedia durchsuchen" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Durchsuche die Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spezial:Suche"> <input id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="Suche nach Seiten, die diesen Text enthalten" value="Suchen"> <input id="searchButton" class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="Gehe direkt zu der Seite mit genau diesem Namen, falls sie vorhanden ist." value="Artikel"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel" class="vector-legacy-sidebar"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hauptseite" title="Hauptseite"></a> </div> <nav id="p-navigation" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Navigation</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hauptseite" title="Hauptseite besuchen [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hauptseite</span></a></li><li id="n-topics" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wikipedia_nach_Themen"><span>Themenportale</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Zuf%C3%A4llige_Seite" title="Zufällige Seite aufrufen [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Zufälliger Artikel</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-Mitmachen" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-Mitmachen vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-Mitmachen-label" > <h3 id="p-Mitmachen-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Mitmachen</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Artikel-verbessern" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Beteiligen"><span>Artikel verbessern</span></a></li><li id="n-Neuerartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hilfe:Neuen_Artikel_anlegen"><span>Neuen Artikel anlegen</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autorenportal" title="Info-Zentrum über Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten"><span>Autorenportal</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hilfe:%C3%9Cbersicht" title="Übersicht über Hilfeseiten"><span>Hilfe</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Letzte_%C3%84nderungen" title="Liste der letzten Änderungen in Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Letzte Änderungen</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt" title="Kontaktmöglichkeiten"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li><li id="n-sitesupport" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_de.wikipedia.org&uselang=de" title="Unterstütze uns"><span>Spenden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-tb" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" > <h3 id="p-tb-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Werkzeuge</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Linkliste/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Liste aller Seiten, die hierher verlinken [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links auf diese Seite</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:%C3%84nderungen_an_verlinkten_Seiten/Gabriel_Lippmann" rel="nofollow" title="Letzte Änderungen an Seiten, die von hier verlinkt sind [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Änderungen an verlinkten Seiten</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Spezialseiten" title="Liste aller Spezialseiten [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spezialseiten</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&oldid=243638989" title="Dauerhafter Link zu dieser Seitenversion"><span>Permanenter Link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&action=info" title="Weitere Informationen über diese Seite"><span>Seiteninformationen</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Zitierhilfe&page=Gabriel_Lippmann&id=243638989&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hinweise, wie diese Seite zitiert werden kann"><span>Artikel zitieren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:URL-K%C3%BCrzung&url=https%3A%2F%2Fde.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGabriel_Lippmann"><span>Kurzlink</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fde.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGabriel_Lippmann"><span>QR-Code herunterladen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-coll-print_export" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label" > <h3 id="p-coll-print_export-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Drucken/exportieren</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gabriel_Lippmann&action=show-download-screen"><span>Als PDF herunterladen</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&printable=yes" title="Druckansicht dieser Seite [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Druckversion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Projekten</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gabriel_Lippmann" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133232" title="Link zum verbundenen Objekt im Datenrepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-Datenobjekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Sprachen</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Aragonesisch" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="غبريال ليبمان – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غبريال ليبمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جبريال ليبمان – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جبريال ليبمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="গেব্ৰিয়েল লিপমেন – Assamesisch" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গেব্ৰিয়েল লিপমেন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qabriel_Lipman" title="Qabriel Lipman – Aserbaidschanisch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qabriel Lipman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قابریئل لیپمان – Südaserbaidschanisch" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قابریئل لیپمان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="Südaserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Габрыэль Ліпман – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Габрыэль Ліпман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Габрыель Ліпман – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Габрыель Ліпман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Габриел Липман – Bulgarisch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Габриел Липман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="গাব্রিয়েল লিপমান – Bengalisch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গাব্রিয়েল লিপমান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8E%D9%84_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86" title="گابریێل لیپمەن – Zentralkurdisch" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گابریێل لیپمەن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Zentralkurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Dänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BB_%CE%9B%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Γκαμπριέλ Λιπμάν – Griechisch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκαμπριέλ Λιπμάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Estnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%85%D9%86" title="گابریل لیپمن – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گابریل لیپمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="גבריאל ליפמן – Hebräisch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גבריאל ליפמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="गाब्रियल लिपमन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गाब्रियल लिपमन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Jonas_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Jonas Lippmann – Haiti-Kreolisch" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gabriel Jonas Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti-Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Գաբրիել Լիպման – Armenisch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գաբրիել Լիպման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Ilokano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilokano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="ガブリエル・リップマン – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガブリエル・リップマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Javanisch" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გაბრიელ ლიპმანი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გაბრიელ ლიპმანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Габриэль Липпман – Kasachisch" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Габриэль Липпман" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasachisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗ್ಯಾಬ್ರಿಯಲ್ ಲಿಪ್‍ಮ್ಯಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ಯಾಬ್ರಿಯಲ್ ಲಿಪ್‍ಮ್ಯಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%98_%EB%A6%AC%ED%94%84%EB%A7%8C" title="가브리엘 리프만 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가브리엘 리프만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Kurdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Latein" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latein" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Luxemburgisch" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Litauisch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litauisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriels_Lipmans" title="Gabriels Lipmans – Lettisch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gabriels Lipmans" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Габриел Липман – Mazedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Габриел Липман" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Mazedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ഗബ്രിയേൽ ലിപ്മാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗബ്രിയേൽ ലിപ്മാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="गॅब्रियेल लिपमन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गॅब्रियेल लिपमन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Malaiisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%85%D9%86" title="گابریل لیپمن – Masanderanisch" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گابریل لیپمن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्याब्रियल लिपम्यान – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ग्याब्रियल लिपम्यान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Jonas_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Jonas Lippmann – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gabriel Jonas Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Norwegisch (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Okzitanisch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippman" title="Gabriel Lippman – Piemontesisch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gabriel Lippman" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%BE%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گیبرل لپمان – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گیبرل لپمان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Липпман, Габриэль – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Липпман, Габриэль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="गेब्रियल् लिपमन् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गेब्रियल् लिपमन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Schottisch" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schottisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Slowakisch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گبریل لیپمین – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="گبریل لیپمین" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Slowenisch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Габријел Липман – Serbisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Габријел Липман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Suaheli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suaheli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="காபிரியேல் லிப்மன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காபிரியேல் லிப்மன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="กาเบรียล ลิพพ์มานน์ – Thailändisch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กาเบรียล ลิพพ์มานน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailändisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Габриел Липпман – Tatarisch" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Габриел Липпман" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Габрієль Ліппман – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Габрієль Ліппман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گبریل لیپمین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گبریل لیپمین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Usbekisch" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Usbekisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Vietnamesisch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E6%9B%BC" title="加布里埃尔·李普曼 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加布里埃尔·李普曼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გაბრიელ ლიპმანი – Mingrelisch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გაბრიელ ლიპმანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E6%9B%BC" title="加布里埃尔·李普曼 – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加布里埃尔·李普曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gabriel Lippmann" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133232#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Links auf Artikel in anderen Sprachen bearbeiten" class="wbc-editpage">Links bearbeiten</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 1. April 2024 um 12:49 Uhr bearbeitet.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><div id="footer-info-copyright-stats" class="noprint"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/?pages=Gabriel_Lippmann&project=de.wikipedia.org">Abrufstatistik</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xtools.wmcloud.org/authorship/de.wikipedia.org/Gabriel_Lippmann?uselang=de">Autoren</a> </div><div id="footer-info-copyright-separator"><br /></div><div id="footer-info-copyright-info"> <p>Der Text ist unter der Lizenz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">„Creative-Commons Namensnennung – Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen“</a> verfügbar; Informationen zu den Urhebern und zum Lizenzstatus eingebundener Mediendateien (etwa Bilder oder Videos) können im Regelfall durch Anklicken dieser abgerufen werden. Möglicherweise unterliegen die Inhalte jeweils zusätzlichen Bedingungen. Durch die Nutzung dieser Website erklären Sie sich mit den <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/de">Nutzungsbedingungen</a> und der <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Privacy_policy/de">Datenschutzrichtlinie</a></span> einverstanden.<br /> </p> Wikipedia® ist eine eingetragene Marke der Wikimedia Foundation Inc.</div></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/de">Datenschutz</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%C3%9Cber_Wikipedia">Über Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Impressum">Impressum</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Verhaltenskodex</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Entwickler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/de.wikipedia.org">Statistiken</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Stellungnahme zu Cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//de.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile Ansicht</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("This page is using the deprecated ResourceLoader module \"codex-search-styles\".\n[1.43] Use a CodexModule with codexComponents to set your specific components used: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Codex#Using_a_limited_subset_of_components");mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-mbxg5","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.254","walltime":"0.566","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1174,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":43960,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14190,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":7040,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 276.488 1 -total"," 30.39% 84.012 1 Vorlage:Internetquelle"," 21.68% 59.932 3 Vorlage:Wikidata-Registrierung"," 21.19% 58.594 1 Vorlage:Commonscat"," 16.89% 46.700 1 Vorlage:Webarchiv"," 12.42% 34.331 1 Vorlage:Normdaten"," 8.80% 24.337 1 Vorlage:Navigationsleiste_Träger_des_Nobelpreises_in_Physik"," 7.32% 20.226 1 Vorlage:Navigationsleiste"," 6.75% 18.653 1 Vorlage:Webarchiv/Wayback"," 5.61% 15.517 1 Vorlage:NavFrame"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.086","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4668547,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-d49c2","timestamp":"20241122051729","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Gabriel Lippmann","url":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gabriel_Lippmann","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q133232","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q133232","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Autoren der Wikimedia-Projekte"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-06-06T15:18:19Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/4b\/Gabriel_Lippmann2.jpg","headline":"Luxemburgischer Physiker verstaatlichte Franzosen und Nobelpreistr\u00e4ger f\u00fcr Physik"}</script> </body> </html>