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mw-first-heading"><i>Dekabrist</i>-class submarine</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99%C3%ADda_D%C4%9Bkabrist" title="Třída Děkabrist – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Třída Děkabrist" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="زیردریایی کلاس دکابریست – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیردریایی کلاس دکابریست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_Dekabrist" title="Classe Dekabrist – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classe Dekabrist" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_Dekabrist" title="Classe Dekabrist – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Classe Dekabrist" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekabrist-klasse" title="Dekabrist-klasse – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dekabrist-klasse" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E5%9E%8B%E6%BD%9C%E6%B0%B4%E8%89%A6" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Class of Soviet submarines</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1973_CPA_4278.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1973_CPA_4278.jpg/300px-1973_CPA_4278.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1973_CPA_4278.jpg/450px-1973_CPA_4278.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1973_CPA_4278.jpg/600px-1973_CPA_4278.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="889" /></a></span><div>D-3 <i>Krasnogvardyeyets</i> on a Soviet stamp</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Class overview</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Dekabrist</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builders</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">3 at <a href="/wiki/Ordzhonikidze_Shipyard" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordzhonikidze Shipyard">Ordzhonikidze Shipyard</a>, Leningrad</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">3 at <a href="/wiki/Marti_Yard" class="mw-redirect" title="Marti Yard">Marti Yard</a>, Nikolayev</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Operators</td><td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281950%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281950%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281950%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281950%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281950%E2%80%931991%29.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281950%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Preceded by</td><td><a href="/wiki/Bars-class_submarine_(1915)" title="Bars-class submarine (1915)"><i>Bars</i> class</a> (<a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Navy" title="Imperial Russian Navy">Imperial Russian Navy</a>)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Succeeded by</td><td><a href="/wiki/Leninets-class_submarine" title="Leninets-class submarine"><i>Leninets</i> class</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Built</td><td>1927–1929</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">In service</td><td>1928–1958</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Planned</td><td>6</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Completed</td><td>6</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Lost</td><td>4</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Retired</td><td>1</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Preserved</td><td>1</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Type</td><td>Diesel-electric <a href="/wiki/Attack_submarine" title="Attack submarine">attack submarine</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">933 tons surfaced</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1,354 tons submerged</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>76.00 m (249 ft 4 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>6.5 m (21 ft 4 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draught</td><td>3.80 m (12 ft 6 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 shafts, three-bladed propellers</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">- Two 1,100 hp MAN/Kolomna diesels</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">- Two 525 hp PG-20 electric motors</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">- Two electric creeping motors 50 hp</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">- 60 DK storage batteries</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">14 knots (26 km/h) surfaced</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">9 knots (17 km/h) submerged</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Range</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">7,500 nmi (13,900 km) at 9 kn (17 km/h) surfaced</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">132 nmi (244 km) at 2 kn (3.7 km/h) submerged</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Test depth</td><td>295 ft (90 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td>53 officers and crew</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 21-inch (533 mm) <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_tube" title="Torpedo tube">torpedo tubes</a> (6 bow, 2 stern), 14 <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedoes</a> carried</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 × 100 mm/51 cal. main deck gun</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 × <a href="/wiki/45_mm_anti-aircraft_gun_(21-K)" title="45 mm anti-aircraft gun (21-K)">45 mm/46 cal.</a> K-21 AA gun</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 × 7.62 mm machine gun</li> </ul></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <b><i>Dekabrist</i> class</b>, also known as <b>Series I</b>, were the first class of <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a> built for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a> after the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> of 1917. They were authorized in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy#Early_history" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Naval Shipbuilding Program of 1926</a>, marking the revival of submarine design in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, and began their <a href="/wiki/Sea_trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea trials">sea trials</a> in 1930. </p><p>Of the six vessels built, two survived <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and one submarine of the class is now a <a href="/wiki/Museum_ship" title="Museum ship">museum ship</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_construction">Design and construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekabrist-class_submarine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A set of performance and design criteria for the new submarine type, known as an "operational-tactical requirement", was formulated in 1923,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but converting this into reality posed challenges. The <a href="/wiki/Red_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Navy">Red Navy</a> of the 1920s retained a respectable submarine fleet and associated practical skills in construction and maintenance, but was lacking in recent design experience. No new Russian submarine design had been brought into production since the <a href="/wiki/Bars-class_submarine_(1915)" title="Bars-class submarine (1915)"><i>Bars</i> class</a>, the plans for which had been finalised in 1912, and associated specialist knowledge had diminished, while there was a sense that the latest foreign submarine technology was now considerably more advanced. Thus, in an attempt to obtain up-to-date design information, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Malinin" title="Boris Malinin">Boris Malinin</a> was attached to a Soviet naval mission which embarked on a tour of shipyards in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-BnR84_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR84-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JNW155_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JNW155-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Germany's socialist government</a> persuaded <a href="/wiki/Reichsmarine" title="Reichsmarine">their reluctant navy</a> to share some older designs from the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-RnM32_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RnM32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BnR84b_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR84b-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sources agree that the most useful information was obtained in Italy. However, statements of what was acquired are very inconsistent. The memoirs of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergei_Alexandrovich_Bazilevsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergei Alexandrovich Bazilevsky (page does not exist)">Sergei Alexandrovich Bazilevsky</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Базилевский, Сергей Александрович">ru</a>]</span>, a younger designer who subsequently joined Malinin's team on the <i>Dekabrist</i> project in 1927, state that the mission had obtained plans of the Italian submarine <i>Ballila</i>, but modern sources do not agree on which submarine is meant. Some authorities state that these were plans for the brand-new ocean-going <a href="/wiki/Balilla-class_submarine" title="Balilla-class submarine"><i>Balilla</i>-class submarine</a>, impressively large boats (1,450 tons surface displacement, 86.5 metres long) which had been laid in down in early 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-JNW155_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JNW155-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RnM36_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RnM36-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others assert that they were instead the plans of <a href="/wiki/SM_U-42" title="SM U-42">a much older and smaller submarine of the same name</a>, laid down as far back as 1913 (717 tons surface displacement, 65 meters long), which had been obtained in a second-hand bookshop in Rome, and were of little real value.<sup id="cite_ref-BnR84_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR84-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adding to the confusion, there are also claims that the delegation obtained plans from the Italian shipyard <i>Cantieri dell'Adriatico</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SB185_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SB185-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RnM_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RnM-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presumably this is a reference to <a href="/wiki/Cantieri_Riuniti_dell%27Adriatico" title="Cantieri Riuniti dell'Adriatico">CRDA</a>, but this conglomerate was only formed in 1929-30 and was not directly involved with either of the <i>Ballila</i> designs. Probably related to this is a claim that Malinin obtained plans for the <a href="/wiki/Pisani-class_submarine" title="Pisani-class submarine"><i>Pisani</i> class</a> built by one of CRDA's precursors <a href="/wiki/Cantiere_Navale_Triestino" title="Cantiere Navale Triestino">CNT</a>, construction work on which was just beginning during the delegation's visit to Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-RnM36b_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RnM36b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, it may be relevant that CRDA - meaning presumably one of its precursors, CNT or <a href="/wiki/Stabilimento_Tecnico_Triestino" title="Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino">STT</a> - are credited with involvement in the underlying design work on the deep-diving <a href="/wiki/Double_hull" title="Double hull">double hull</a> design used by the new <i>Ballila</i> class.<sup id="cite_ref-Bresica159_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bresica159-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regardless of exactly what information the Soviet delegation obtained, they acquired some insights into Italian submarine technology: most obviously, while the Soviet fleet consisted of boats of "single-hull" construction in which equipment such as ballast tanks was largely contained inside the <a href="/wiki/Pressure_hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressure hull">pressure hull</a>, the Italians had pioneered <a href="/wiki/Double_hull" title="Double hull">double–hull</a> construction in which equipment was placed around the outside of the pressure hull, enclosed by a separate external fairing known as the "light hull", allowing a more streamlined exterior and a more spacious interior (the new <i>Balilla</i> class of the 1920s was built this way,<sup id="cite_ref-Bresica159_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bresica159-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though neither the older <i>Balilla</i> of 1913,<sup id="cite_ref-Fontenoy_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontenoy-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nor the <i>Pisani</i> class);<sup id="cite_ref-Bresica159_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bresica159-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition, whereas existing Soviet boats had a diving depth limited to around 50 metres (160 ft), the Italians were building stronger hulls capable of diving to around 100 metres (330 ft) (used on the new <i>Balilla</i> and the <i>Pisani</i>), and while previous Russian submarines had a hull length of no more than 70 metres (230 ft) and a surface <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)" title="Displacement (ship)">displacement</a> of below 700 tons, the Italians were building much larger submarines - the new <i>Ballila</i> was twice this displacement and about 20% longer. Another important difference was that existing Soviet boats filled the <a href="/wiki/Ballast_tank" title="Ballast tank">ballast tanks</a> mechanically during a dive, while the Italians simply flooded them via <a href="/wiki/Seacock" title="Seacock">seacocks</a>. </p><p>Many parallels to the Italian design tradition can be identified in the new <i>Dekabrist</i> design, particularly in the hull structure and ballast arrangements: the heavy gauge of the pressure hull, designed to withstand depths of 90 meters (300 ft) (and constructed using high-quality armour plate from <a href="/wiki/Borodino-class_battlecruiser" title="Borodino-class battlecruiser">scrapped battlecruisers</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-BnR86_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR86-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the double-hull design, which enclosed the pressure hull in a separate "light hull" and housed the main ballast tanks in the space in between,<sup id="cite_ref-BnR85_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR85-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the division of the interior of the submarine into multiple watertight compartments (though as the design evolved, the original Italian-style spherical <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulkhead_(compartment)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulkhead (compartment) (page does not exist)">bulkheads</a>, designed to maximize the integrity of key compartments, were replaced with flat circular ones),<sup id="cite_ref-BnR85_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR85-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the use of Italian-style ballast tanks, which was expected to speed up diving time,<sup id="cite_ref-JNW156_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JNW156-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the addition of a <a href="/wiki/Crash_dive" title="Crash dive">crash dive</a> tank amidships, which as Bazilevsky recounts was misinterpreted as being designed to dive quickly from periscope depth rather than directly from the surface, and reduced in relative size compared with the one in the Italian blueprints, though it proved possible to scale it up again when its intended purpose was discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-JNW1567_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JNW1567-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BnR85_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR85-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 76 metres (249 ft) in length, and with a surfaced displacement of around 1,000 tons, they were significantly larger than any earlier submarines in the Soviet fleet (or any built in Imperial Russia), though not as large as the new Italian <i>Balilla</i> class. Their quoted range of over 7,000 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (13,000 km; 8,100 mi) was also a dramatic improvement, although not quite as impressive as that of the larger <i>Balilla</i>. </p><p>That said, it is clear that <i>Dekabrist</i> was not simply a copy of an Italian design, but a synthesis of Italian concepts and existing Soviet knowledge, although the most easily recognizable native features are ones that were not strictly necessary in the new design. The pressure hull was scaled up from the proven <i>Bars</i> class, which was regarded as something of a benchmark for reliability, though its streamlining seems unnecessary in a double-hulled boat;<sup id="cite_ref-JNW156_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JNW156-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BnR86_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR86-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the presence of extra ballast tanks beneath the deck casing (apparently intended for quick diving from periscope depth) was also clearly based on this type, and they are described as being equally unnecessary in conjunction with the Italian-inspired diving system.<sup id="cite_ref-JNW156_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JNW156-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BnR85_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR85-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other features which resemble older Russian designs include the relatively large ballast tanks at the bow and stern, now employed as trim tanks, and the placing of the batteries in sealed compartments in the forward hull.<sup id="cite_ref-BnR85_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR85-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, individual components were either based directly on those used in existing Russian boats, or else newly designed.<sup id="cite_ref-BnR88_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR88-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Armament consisted of a heavy forward salvo of six torpedo launchers in the <a href="/wiki/Bow_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow (ship)">bow</a>, and two more at the <a href="/wiki/Stern" title="Stern">stern</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BnR86_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR86-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> designed for the 21-inch torpedoes which had become the standard international calibre, though until <a href="/wiki/Type_53_torpedo" title="Type 53 torpedo">a suitable weapon</a> entered production, older 18-inch torpedoes had to be carried, using special inserts to hold them in place.<sup id="cite_ref-JNW157_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JNW157-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As originally designed, each submarine was to have two <a href="/wiki/102_mm_60_caliber_Pattern_1911" title="102 mm 60 caliber Pattern 1911">4-inch guns</a> in streamlined <a href="/wiki/Gun_shield" title="Gun shield">gun shields</a> which formed fairings at the front and back of the <a href="/wiki/Conning_tower" title="Conning tower">conning tower</a>, but the configuration was subsequently modified in imitation of the <a href="/wiki/British_L-class_submarine" title="British L-class submarine">British L-class submarine</a>, with a single forward-facing gun on a raised platform protected by a high bulwark, designed to make it easier to fight the gun in heavy seas.<sup id="cite_ref-BnR87_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR87-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/w/index.php?title=102_mm_B-2_gun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="102 mm B-2 gun (page does not exist)">new anti-aircraft version</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/102-%D0%BC%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%91-2)" class="extiw" title="ru:102-мм корабельная пушка (Б-2)">ru</a>]</span> of the gun was also adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-navweaps_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navweaps-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An unusual design feature inherited from pre-revolutionary designs was an anchor designed to allow the submarine to secure itself against the <a href="/wiki/Seabed" title="Seabed">seabed</a> while submerged, though on the <i>Dekabrist</i> class this caused alarming incidents in early trials, and may never have been used subsequently.<sup id="cite_ref-JNW158_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JNW158-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An order of six boats was divided equally between the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Fleet" title="Baltic Fleet">Baltic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleets</a> of the Soviet Navy: three vessels were constructed by the <a href="/wiki/Ordzhonikidze_Shipyard" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordzhonikidze Shipyard">Ordzhonikidze Shipyard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a>, and the other three at the <a href="/wiki/Marti_Yard" class="mw-redirect" title="Marti Yard">Marti Yard</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nikolaev_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolaev (Ukraine)">Nikolayev</a>. They were given names commemorating historical revolutionary movements (the Baltic boats being <i>Dekabrist</i>, <i>Narodovolets</i> and <i>Krasnogvardyeyets</i>, after the <a href="/wiki/Decembrist_revolt" title="Decembrist revolt">Decembrists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narodnaya_Volya" title="Narodnaya Volya">Narodnaya Volya</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Guards" title="Red Guards">Red Guards</a>, later designated <i>D-1</i> through <i>D-3</i>, their Black Sea counterparts being <i>Revolutsioner</i>, <i>Spartakovets</i> and <i>Yakobinets</i>, i.e. "Revolutionary", "<a href="/wiki/Spartacist_uprising" title="Spartacist uprising">Spartacist</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Jacobin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobin">Jacobin</a>", later designated <i>D4</i> through <i>D-6</i>). The first boat in the class was laid down on March 5, 1927; launched on November 3, 1928, and commissioned on November 18, 1930. This first boat, <i>Dekabrist</i>, was later designated D-1 on September 15, 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The initial dockyard trials of the type were not entirely successful. Early diving trials on the <i>Revolutsioner</i> in March 1930 revealed that the boat listed sharply to one side during diving, a problem which the designers knew had also been encountered by double-hulled German designs like <a href="/wiki/Type_U_139_submarine" title="Type U 139 submarine">U-139</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BnR94_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR94-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar problems were encountered on <i>Dekabrist</i> two months later, with the boat listing to port and then sharply over correcting to starboard. Although no agreement could be reached on the precise scientific reasons, an acceptable solution was found by separating the ballast tanks more strictly into port and starboard units which flooded separately and thus more symmetrically.<sup id="cite_ref-JNW157_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JNW157-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BnR94_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR94-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bazilevsky later insisted that the only real problem was an asymmetrical weight distribution, which could be corrected by a small quantity of ballast, but which had not been detected at the start of the trial due to a miscalibrated <a href="/wiki/Inclinometer" title="Inclinometer">inclinometer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BnR95_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BnR95-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Information on diving speed is hard to come by.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However they were reported to be good sea-boats, and reached speeds of 15.3 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (28.3 km/h; 17.6 mph) (surfaced) and 8.7 knots (16.1 km/h; 10.0 mph) (submerged) on <a href="/wiki/Sea_trial" title="Sea trial">trials</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Conway_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conway-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_history">Service history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekabrist-class_submarine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Service history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narodovolets.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Narodovolets.JPG/220px-Narodovolets.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Narodovolets.JPG/330px-Narodovolets.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Narodovolets.JPG/440px-Narodovolets.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><i>Narodovolets</i> on display in St Petersburg</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 1933 the three Baltic boats were transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Fleet" title="Northern Fleet">Northern Fleet</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a>, via the <a href="/wiki/White_Sea%E2%80%93Baltic_Canal" title="White Sea–Baltic Canal">White Sea–Baltic Canal</a>, and are said to have showed high seaworthiness in polar circumstances,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> although <i>D-1</i> was lost with her entire crew in a diving accident on November 13, 1940, in <a href="/wiki/Motovsky_Gulf" title="Motovsky Gulf">Motovsky Gulf</a>. </p><p>The other five were in service at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Patriotic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Patriotic War">Great Patriotic War</a>, although three more were lost in action during the conflict: <i>D-3</i> was sunk off <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> in June 1942, <i>D-6</i> was scuttled at <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> in November 1942, and <i>D-4</i> was sunk off <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> in December 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-Conway_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conway-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Spartakovets</i> served throughout with the Black Sea Fleet. <i>Narodovolets</i> was undergoing a refit at <a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a> at the start of the German invasion, and thus became part of the Baltic Fleet – her most notable success being the sinking by torpedo of the German merchant ship SS <i>Jacob Fritzen</i> (4,090 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tons" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross register tons">gross register tons</a>) in October 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-boatnet_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boatnet-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Narodovolets</i> was converted to a training role in the 1950s, but served until the 1980s, and subsequently became a <a href="/wiki/Museum_ship" title="Museum ship">museum ship</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_memorial" title="War memorial">war memorial</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ships">Ships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekabrist-class_submarine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Number </th> <th>Ship </th> <th>English translation </th> <th>Builder </th> <th>Launched </th> <th>Notes&Fate </th></tr> <tr> <td>D-1 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_submarine_Dekabrist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet submarine Dekabrist (page does not exist)"><i>Dekabrist</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94-1_%C2%AB%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Д-1 «Декабрист»">ru</a>]</span><br />Декабрист </td> <td>A member of the <a href="/wiki/Decembrist_revolt" title="Decembrist revolt">Decembrist revolt</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="centre"><a href="/wiki/Ordzhonikidze_Yard" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordzhonikidze Yard">Ordzhonikidze Yard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a> </td> <td>3 November 1928 </td> <td>Lost in accident 13 November 1940 in <a href="/wiki/Motovsky_Gulf" title="Motovsky Gulf">Motovsky Gulf</a> near Murmansk during training mission. </td></tr> <tr> <td>D-2 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_submarine_Narodovolets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet submarine Narodovolets (page does not exist)"><i>Narodovolets</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94-2_%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Д-2 «Народоволец»">ru</a>]</span><br />Народоволец </td> <td>A member of <a href="/wiki/Narodnaya_Volya" title="Narodnaya Volya">Narodnaya Volya</a> </td> <td>19 May 1929<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Sank German <a href="/wiki/Merchant_ship" title="Merchant ship">merchant ship</a> <i>Jacobus Fritzen</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-boatnet_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boatnet-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Decommissioned 1958 but from 1956 to 1987 was based in Kronstadt and served as a training ship. Finally, in 1989 on completion of the reconstruction was installed on shore as a memorial museum in St Petersburg.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>D-3 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_submarine_Krasnogvardyeyets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet submarine Krasnogvardyeyets (page does not exist)"><i>Krasnogvardyeyets</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94-3_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B5%D1%86%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Д-3 «Красногвардеец»">ru</a>]</span><br />Красногвардеец </td> <td>Red Guardsman </td> <td>12 July 1929 </td> <td>Lost after 10 June 1942 off Norway, possibly due to mines. </td></tr> <tr> <td>D-4 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_submarine_Revolutsioner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet submarine Revolutsioner (page does not exist)"><i>Revolutsioner</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94-4_%C2%AB%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Д-4 «Революционер»">ru</a>]</span><br />Революционер </td> <td>Revolutionary </td> <td rowspan="3" align="centre""><a href="/wiki/Marti_Yard" class="mw-redirect" title="Marti Yard">Marti Yard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv" title="Mykolaiv">Nikolayev</a> </td> <td>12 March 1929 </td> <td>Sunk German merchant ships <i>Boy Federson</i>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Santa_F%C3%A9_(1921)" title="SS Santa Fé (1921)"><i>Santa Fé</i></a> and Bulgarian merchant <i>Varna</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lost off western Crimea after 1 December 1943, possibly due to mines. </td></tr> <tr> <td>D-5 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_submarine_Spartakovets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet submarine Spartakovets (page does not exist)"><i>Spartakovets</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94-5_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Д-5 «Спартаковец»">ru</a>]</span><br />Спартаковец </td> <td>Follower of <a href="/wiki/Spartacus" title="Spartacus">Spartacus</a> </td> <td>12 October 1929 </td> <td>Sank Turkish sailing vessel <i>Koiboglu</i> on 8 December 1942. Broken up at Sevastopol after 18 January 1956. </td></tr> <tr> <td>D-6 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_submarine_Yakobinets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet submarine Yakobinets (page does not exist)"><i>Yakobinets</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94-6_%C2%AB%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Д-6 «Якобинец»">ru</a>]</span><br />Якобинец </td> <td>Jacobin </td> <td>15 November 1930 </td> <td>While under repairs, destroyed and scuttled 12 November 1941 at the <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> dockyard by her own crew to prevent capture by the advancing Germans. Raised after the war and broken up. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekabrist-class_submarine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ship_naming_conventions" title="Russian ship naming conventions">Russian ship naming conventions</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekabrist-class_submarine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BnR84-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BnR84_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BnR84_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Budzbona and Radziemski, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JNW155-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JNW155_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JNW155_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Westwood, p. 155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RnM32-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RnM32_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rohwer and Monakov, pp. 32-33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BnR84b-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BnR84b_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Budzbona and Radziemski, pp. 84-85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RnM36-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RnM36_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rohwer and Monakov, p. 36, and n. 48, citing Westwood pp. 153-159, plus V.I. Dmitriev <i>Sovetskoe podvodnoe korable-stroenie</i> (Moscow 1990), pp. 32-66, and <i>Istoriya Otechstvennogo Suostroeniya</i>, vol. IV, ed. I.D. Spasskii (St Petersburg 1996), pp. 102-11 (it is not clear whether either of these references furnishes additional information relating this identification, or if the citations pertain to other adjacent information in the text).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SB185-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SB185_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Breyer, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RnM-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RnM_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rohwer and Monakov, p. 34, and n. 41, citing V.I. Dmitriev, <i>Sovetskoe podvodnoe korable-stroenie</i> (Moscow 1990) pp. 32-63 and V.N Burov, <i>Otechstvennoe voennoe korabl'stroenie v tret'em stoleti svoei istorii</i> (St Petersburg 1995) pp. 73-79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RnM36b-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RnM36b_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rohwer and Monakov, p. 36 and n. 48, specifically refer to <a href="/wiki/Italian_submarine_Giovanni_Bausan" title="Italian submarine Giovanni Bausan"><i>Giovanni Bausan</i></a> of this class; presumably this is based on one of the cited sources, V.I. Dmitriev <i>Sovetskoe podvodnoe korable-stroenie</i> (Moscow 1990), pp. 32-66, and <i>Istoriya Otechstvennogo Suostroeniya</i>, vol. IV, ed. I.D. Spasskii (St Petersburg 1996), pp. 102-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bresica159-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bresica159_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bresica159_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bresica159_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brescia, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fontenoy-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fontenoy_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fontenoy, p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BnR86-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BnR86_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BnR86_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BnR86_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Budzbona and Radziemski, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BnR85-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BnR85_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BnR85_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BnR85_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BnR85_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BnR85_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Budzbona and Radziemski, p. 85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JNW156-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JNW156_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JNW156_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JNW156_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Westwood, p. 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JNW1567-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JNW1567_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Westwood, pp. 156-7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BnR88-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BnR88_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Budzbona and Radziemski, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JNW157-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JNW157_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JNW157_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Westwood, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BnR87-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BnR87_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Budzbona and Radziemski, pp. 87, 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-navweaps-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-navweaps_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNRussian_4-45_m1930.php">NavWeaps</a>. According to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hurley.narod.ru/WEAPONS/art102-45.htm">online sources</a>, the new gun was only proposed in July 1927 six months after the date given by Budzbona and Radziemski, p. 86 for the initial two-gun design.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JNW158-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JNW158_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Westwood, p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.submarinesonstamps.co.il/openhist.php?ID=44">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409025302/http://www.submarinesonstamps.co.il/openhist.php?ID=44">Archived</a> April 9, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BnR94-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BnR94_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BnR94_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Budzbona and Radziemski, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BnR95-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BnR95_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Budzbona and Radziemski, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conway-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Conway_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Conway_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Conway p.332</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boatnet-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-boatnet_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-boatnet_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4865.html">"D-2 / Narodovolyets"</a>. <i>uboat.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uboat.net&rft.atitle=D-2+%2F+Narodovolyets&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uboat.net%2Fallies%2Fwarships%2Fship%2F4865.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADekabrist-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeoman" class="citation web cs1">Yeoman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://museumships.us/russia/narodovolets">"Your most complete source for Museum Ships Worldwide!"</a>. <i>museumships.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=museumships.us&rft.atitle=Your+most+complete+source+for+Museum+Ships+Worldwide%21&rft.au=Yeoman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuseumships.us%2Frussia%2Fnarodovolets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADekabrist-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encspb.ru/en/article.php?kod=2804034369">"Narodovolets D-2, submarine memorial complex"</a>. <i>Saint Petersburg Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Narodovolets+D-2%2C+submarine+memorial+complex&rft.btitle=Saint+Petersburg+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encspb.ru%2Fen%2Farticle.php%3Fkod%3D2804034369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADekabrist-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4867.html">"D-4 / Revolutsyoner"</a>. <i>uboat.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uboat.net&rft.atitle=D-4+%2F+Revolutsyoner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uboat.net%2Fallies%2Fwarships%2Fship%2F4867.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADekabrist-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekabrist-class_submarine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Maurizio Brescia <i>Mussolini s Navy: A Reference Guide to the Regia Marina 1930-1945</i> (2021) Seaforth, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-115-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-115-1">978-1-84832-115-1</a></li> <li>Siegfried Breyer, <i>Soviet Warship Development: 1917-1937</i> (1992) Conway <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B85177%2B604%2B3" title="Special:BookSources/0+85177+604+3">0 85177 604 3</a></li> <li>Prezmysław Budzbona and Jan Radziemski, "The Beginnings of Solviet Naval Power", <i>Warship 2020</i>, ed. John Jordan (2020), Osprey, pp. 82–101 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-4071-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-4071-4">978-1-4728-4071-4</a></li> <li>Paul E. Fontenoy <i>Submarines: An Illustrated History of Their Impact</i> (2007) ABC-CLIO Santa Barbara CA <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-563-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-563-6">978-1-85109-563-6</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardinerChesneau1980" class="citation book cs1">Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger, eds. (1980). <i>Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946</i>. London: Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-146-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-146-7"><bdi>0-85177-146-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conway%27s+All+The+World%27s+Fighting+Ships+1922%E2%80%931946&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-85177-146-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADekabrist-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jurgen Rohwer ad Mikhail S. Monakov, <i>Stalin's Ocean-going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding</i> (2001) Frank Cass, London and New York <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-4895-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-4895-7">0-7146-4895-7</a></li> <li>J.N. Westwood, Russian Naval Construction, 1905-45 (1994) Macmillan, Basingstoke and London <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-12460-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-12460-2">978-1-349-12460-2</a></li> <li>Vladimir Yakubov and Richard Worth, <i>Raising the Red Banner</i> (2008) Spellmount <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86227-450-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86227-450-1">978-1-86227-450-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekabrist-class_submarine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://steelnavy.com/Combrig%20D2.htm">Steel Navy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070816142441/http://www.steelnavy.com/Combrig%20D2.htm">Archived</a> 2007-08-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianmuseums.info/M155">Info from Russian Museums</a></li> <li><i>Narodovolets D-2, submarine memorial complex</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encspb.ru/en/article.php?kod=2804034369">Article</a>, Saint Petersburg Encyclopedia,</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928064425/http://www.morflot.tsi.ru/rus_flot_1696-1917/podlodki/type_d_1.html">Article on Morflot website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4865.html">Uboat.net Website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWII_Soviet_ships" title="Template:WWII Soviet ships"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWII_Soviet_ships" title="Template talk:WWII Soviet ships"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWII_Soviet_ships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWII Soviet ships"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_naval_ship_classes_of_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet naval ship classes</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">Battleships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gangut-class_battleship" title="Gangut-class battleship"><i>Gangut</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Royal_Sovereign_(05)#Service_with_the_Soviet_Navy" title="HMS Royal Sovereign (05)"><i>Revenge</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>UK</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>/</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovetsky_Soyuz-class_battleship" title="Sovetsky Soyuz-class battleship"><i>Sovetsky Soyuz</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">Battlecruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kronshtadt-class_battlecruiser" title="Kronshtadt-class battlecruiser"><i>Kronshtadt</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">Cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_cruiser_Komintern" title="Soviet cruiser Komintern"><i>Bogatyr</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetlana-class_cruiser" title="Svetlana-class cruiser"><i>Svetlana</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_Nakhimov-class_cruiser" title="Admiral Nakhimov-class cruiser"><i>Admiral Nakhimov</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Milwaukee_(CL-5)#Soviet_service" title="USS Milwaukee (CL-5)"><i>Omaha</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>US</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>/</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_L%C3%BCtzow_(1939)#Service_history" title="German cruiser Lützow (1939)"><i>Admiral Hipper</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>G</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>/</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>/</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirov-class_cruiser" title="Kirov-class cruiser"><i>Kirov</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapayev-class_cruiser" title="Chapayev-class cruiser"><i>Chapayev</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>C</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_World_War_II_destroyers" title="Soviet World War II destroyers">Destroyers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_destroyer_Yakov_Sverdlov" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet destroyer Yakov Sverdlov"><i>Novik</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derzky-class_destroyer" title="Derzky-class destroyer"><i>Derzky</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orfey-class_destroyer" title="Orfey-class destroyer"><i>Orfey</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izyaslav-class_destroyer" title="Izyaslav-class destroyer"><i>Izyaslav</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidonisy-class_destroyer" title="Fidonisy-class destroyer"><i>Fidonisy</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad-class_destroyer" title="Leningrad-class destroyer"><i>Leningrad</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashkent-class_destroyer" title="Tashkent-class destroyer"><i>Tashkent</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>I</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>/</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnevny-class_destroyer" title="Gnevny-class destroyer"><i>Gnevny</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storozhevoy-class_destroyer" title="Storozhevoy-class destroyer"><i>Storozhevoy</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_destroyer_Opytny" title="Soviet destroyer Opytny"><i>Opytny</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiev-class_destroyer" title="Kiev-class destroyer"><i>Kiev</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ognevoy-class_destroyer" title="Ognevoy-class destroyer"><i>Ognevoy</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town-class_destroyer" title="Town-class destroyer">Town</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>UK</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%83r%C4%83%C5%9Fti-class_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mărăşti-class destroyer"><i>Mărăşti</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>R</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regele_Ferdinand-class_destroyer" title="Regele Ferdinand-class destroyer"><i>Regele Ferdinand</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>R</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Guard_ship" title="Guard ship">Guard ships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MO-class_small_guard_ship" title="MO-class small guard ship">MO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uragan-class_guard_ship" title="Uragan-class guard ship"><i>Uragan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yastreb-class_guard_ship" title="Yastreb-class guard ship"><i>Yastreb</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-class_torpedo_boat" title="A-class torpedo boat">A</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>E</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>/</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacoma-class_frigate" title="Tacoma-class frigate"><i>Tacoma</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>US</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Minelayer" title="Minelayer">Minelayers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_yacht_Standart" title="Russian yacht Standart"><i>Marti</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">Minesweepers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fugas-class_minesweeper" title="Fugas-class minesweeper"><i>Fugas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admirable-class_minesweeper" title="Admirable-class minesweeper"><i>Admirable</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>US</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT-class_minesweeper" title="MT-class minesweeper">MT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Motor_torpedo_boat" title="Motor torpedo boat">Motor torpedo boats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh-4-class_motor_torpedo_boat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh-4-class motor torpedo boat (page does not exist)">Sh-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-5-class_motor_torpedo_boat" title="G-5-class motor torpedo boat">G-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D3-class_motor_torpedo_boat" title="D3-class motor torpedo boat">D3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT_boat" title="PT boat">PT boats</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>US</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leninets-class_submarine" title="Leninets-class submarine">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shchuka-class_submarine" title="Shchuka-class submarine">Shch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravda-class_submarine" title="Pravda-class submarine">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_S-class_submarine" title="Soviet S-class submarine">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_M-class_submarine" title="Soviet M-class submarine">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_K-class_submarine" title="Soviet K-class submarine">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Holland-class_submarine" title="American Holland-class submarine">A (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalev-class_submarine" title="Kalev-class submarine"><i>Kalev</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>E</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronis-class_submarine" title="Ronis-class submarine"><i>Ronis</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>L</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NMS_Delfinul" title="NMS Delfinul">Delfinul</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>R</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NMS_Rechinul" title="NMS Rechinul">Rechinul</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>R</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NMS_Marsuinul" title="NMS Marsuinul">Marsuinul</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>R</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CB-class_midget_submarine" title="CB-class midget submarine">CB</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>R</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sunfish_(81S)" title="HMS Sunfish (81S)">S</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>UK</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_U-class_submarine" title="British U-class submarine">U</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>UK</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <dl><dt>UK</dt> <dd>Loan from <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></dd> <dt>US</dt> <dd>Loan from <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></dd> <dt>G</dt> <dd>Bought from <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></dd> <dt>I</dt> <dd>Bought from <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy_(1922%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Italy (1922–1943)">Italy</a></dd> <dt>R</dt> <dd>Surrendered by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a></dd> <dt>E</dt> <dd>Formerly <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonian</a></dd> <dt>L</dt> <dd>Formerly <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvian</a></dd> <dt>S</dt> <dd>Single ship</dd> <dt>C</dt> <dd>Completed after the war</dd> <dt>X</dt> <dd>Cancelled</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" 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