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class Label | Raku Documentation
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Commit: 9609dc792 2023-03-04"> <span class="icon is-right"> <i class="fas fa-pen-alt is-medium"></i> </span> </a> </div> <div id="left-column" class="tile is-parent is-2 is-hidden"> <div id="left-col-inner"> <div class="tabs" id="tabs"> <ul> <li class="is-active" id="toc-tab"> <a>Table of Contents</a> </li> <li id="index-tab"> <a>Index</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="field"> <div class="control has-icons-right"> <input id="toc-filter" class="input" type="text" placeholder="Filter"> <span class="icon is-right has-text-grey"> <i class="fas fa-search is-medium"></i> </span> </div> </div> <div class="raku-sidebar"> <aside id="toc-menu" class="menu"> <ul class="menu-list"> <li><a href="#Methods">Methods</a></li> <ul> <li><a href="#method_name">method name</a></li> <li><a href="#method_file">method file</a></li> <li><a href="#method_line">method line</a></li> <li><a href="#method_Str">method Str</a></li> <li><a href="#method_next">method next</a></li> <li><a href="#method_redo">method redo</a></li> <li><a href="#method_last">method last</a></li> </ul> </aside> <aside id="index-menu" class="menu is-hidden"> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main-column" class="tile is-parent" style="overflow-x: hidden;"> <div id="main-col-inner"> <section class="raku page-header"> <div class="container px-4"> <div class="raku page-title has-text-centered"> class Label </div> <div class="raku page-subtitle has-text-centered"> <p>Tagged location in the source code</p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="raku page-content"><div class="container px-4"><div class="columns one-col"> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">class</span> <span class="highlite-TYPE">Label</span> {}</pre> </div> </div> <p>Labels are used in Raku to tag loops so that you can specify the specific one you want to jump to with <a href="/language/control#LABELs">statements such as <code>last</code></a>. You can use it to jump out of loops and get to outer ones, instead of just exiting the current loop or going to the previous statement.</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights">USERS: <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># the label </span><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">for</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_ARRAY">@users</span> <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">-></span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$u</span> { <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">for</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$u</span>.pets <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">-></span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$pet</span> { <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># usage of a label </span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">next</span> USERS <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">if</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$pet</span>.barks; } <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> <span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span><span class="highlite-STRING">None of </span><span class="highlite-ESCAPE">{</span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$u</span><span class="highlite-ESCAPE">}</span><span class="highlite-STRING">'s pets barks</span><span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span>; } <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> USERS.^<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">name</span>; <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «Label» </span></pre> </div> </div> <p>Those labels are objects of type <code>Label</code>, as shown in the last statement. Labels can be used in any loop construct, as long as they appear right before the loop statement.</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">my</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$x</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">=</span> 0; <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">my</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$y</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">=</span> 0; <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">my</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$t</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">=</span> <span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">'</span><span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">'</span>; A: <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">while</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$x</span>+<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">+</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR"><</span> 2 { <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$t</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">~</span><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">=</span> <span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span><span class="highlite-STRING">A</span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$x</span><span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span>; B: <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">while</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$y</span>+<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">+</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR"><</span> 2 { <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$t</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">~</span><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">=</span> <span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span><span class="highlite-STRING">B</span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$y</span><span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span>; <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">redo</span> A <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">if</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$y</span>+<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">+</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">==</span> 1; <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">last</span> A } } <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$t</span>; <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «A1B1A1A2» </span></pre> </div> </div> <p>Putting them on the line before the loop or the same line is optional. <code>Label</code>s must follow the syntax of <a href="/language/syntax#Ordinary_identifiers">ordinary identifiers</a>, although traditionally we will use the latin alphabet in uppercase so that they stand out in the source. You can use, however, other alphabets like here:</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights">駱駝道: <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">while</span> <span class="highlite-TYPE">True</span> { <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> 駱駝道.<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">name</span>; <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">last</span> 駱駝道; } <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «駱駝道»</span></pre> </div> </div> <h1 id="Methods" class="raku-h1"><a href="#class_Label" title="go to top of document">Methods<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#Methods">§</a></a></h1> <h2 id="method_name" class="raku-h2"><a href="#class_Label" title="go to top of document">method name<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#method_name">§</a></a></h2> <!-- defnmark method_name 2 --> <p>Not terribly useful, returns the name of the defined label:</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights">A: <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">while</span> <span class="highlite-TYPE">True</span> { <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> A.<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">name</span>; <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «A» </span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">last</span> A; }</pre> </div> </div> <h2 id="method_file" class="raku-h2"><a href="#class_Label" title="go to top of document">method file<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#method_file">§</a></a></h2> <!-- defnmark method_file 2 --> <p>Returns the file the label is defined in.</p> <h2 id="method_line" class="raku-h2"><a href="#class_Label" title="go to top of document">method line<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#method_line">§</a></a></h2> <!-- defnmark method_line 2 --> <p>Returns the line where the label has been defined.</p> <h2 id="method_Str" class="raku-h2"><a href="#class_Label" title="go to top of document">method Str<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#method_Str">§</a></a></h2> <!-- defnmark method_Str 2 --> <p>Converts to a string including the name, file and line it's been defined in.</p> <h2 id="method_next" class="raku-h2"><a href="#class_Label" title="go to top of document">method next<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#method_next">§</a></a></h2> <!-- defnmark method_next 2 --> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">method</span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">next</span>(Label:)</pre> </div> </div> <p>Begin the next iteration of the loop associated with the label.</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights">MY-LABEL: <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">for</span> 1..10 { <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">next</span> MY-LABEL <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">if</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$_</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR"><</span> 5; <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">print</span> <span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$_</span><span class="highlite-STRING"> </span><span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span>; } <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «5 6 7 8 9 10 »</span></pre> </div> </div> <h2 id="method_redo" class="raku-h2"><a href="#class_Label" title="go to top of document">method redo<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#method_redo">§</a></a></h2> <!-- defnmark method_redo 2 --> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">method</span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">redo</span>(Label:)</pre> </div> </div> <p>Repeat the same iteration of the loop associated with the label.</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">my</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$has-repeated</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">=</span> <span class="highlite-TYPE">False</span>; MY-LABEL: <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">for</span> 1..10 { <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">print</span> <span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$_</span><span class="highlite-STRING"> </span><span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span>; <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">if</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$_</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">==</span> 5 { <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">LEAVE</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$has-repeated</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">=</span> <span class="highlite-TYPE">True</span>; <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">redo</span> MY-LABEL <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">unless</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$has-repeated</span>; } } <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 »</span></pre> </div> </div> <h2 id="method_last" class="raku-h2"><a href="#class_Label" title="go to top of document">method last<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#method_last">§</a></a></h2> <!-- defnmark method_last 2 --> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">method</span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">last</span>(Label:)</pre> </div> </div> <p>Terminate the execution of the loop associated with the label.</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights">MY-LABEL: <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">for</span> 1..10 { <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">last</span> MY-LABEL <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">if</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$_</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">></span> 5; <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">print</span> <span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$_</span><span class="highlite-STRING"> </span><span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span>; } <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «1 2 3 4 5 »</span></pre> </div> </div> <h1 id="typegraphrelations" class="raku-h1"><a href="#" title="go to top of document">Typegraph<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#typegraphrelations">§</a></a></h1> <figure class="typegraph" > <figcaption>Type relations for <code>Label</code></figcaption> <svg width="77pt" height="188pt" viewBox="0.00 0.00 76.89 188.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 184)"> <title>raku-type-graph</title> <polygon fill="#ffffff" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-184 72.89,-184 72.89,4 -4,4"/> <!-- Label --> <g id="node1" class="node"> <title>Label</title> <g id="a_node1"><a xlink:href="/type/Label" xlink:title="Label"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#000000" cx="34.45" cy="-18" rx="34.39" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="34.45" y="-14.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#000000">Label</text> </a> </g> </g> <!-- Any --> <g id="node3" class="node"> <title>Any</title> <g id="a_node3"><a xlink:href="/type/Any" xlink:title="Any"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#000000" cx="34.45" cy="-90" rx="28.7" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="34.45" y="-86.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#000000">Any</text> </a> </g> </g> <!-- Label->Any --> <g id="edge1" class="edge"> <title>Label->Any</title> <path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M34.45,-36.3C34.45,-44.02 34.45,-53.29 34.45,-61.89"/> <polygon fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" points="30.95,-61.9 34.45,-71.9 37.95,-61.9 30.95,-61.9"/> </g> <!-- Mu --> <g id="node2" class="node"> <title>Mu</title> <g id="a_node2"><a xlink:href="/type/Mu" xlink:title="Mu"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#000000" cx="34.45" cy="-162" rx="27" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="34.45" y="-158.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#000000">Mu</text> </a> </g> </g> <!-- Any->Mu --> <g id="edge2" class="edge"> <title>Any->Mu</title> <path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M34.45,-108.3C34.45,-116.02 34.45,-125.29 34.45,-133.89"/> <polygon fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" points="30.95,-133.9 34.45,-143.9 37.95,-133.9 30.95,-133.9"/> </g> </g> </svg> <p class="fallback"> <a rel="alternate" href="/assets/typegraphs/Label.svg"> Expand chart above </a></p> </figure> </div></div></section> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer main-footer"> <div class="container px-4"> <nav class="level"> <div class="level-left"> <div class="level-item"> <a href="/about">About</a> </div> <div class="level-item"> <a id="toggle-theme">Toggle theme</a> </div> <div class="level-item" title="9609dc792 2023-03-04"> <a>Commit</a> </div> </div> <div class="level-right"> <div class="level-item"> <a href="/license">License</a> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </footer> </body> </html>