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Noble Surendran</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Sinnathamby Noble Surendran"> <meta name="keywords" content="Sinnathamby Noble Surendran"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Sinnathamby Noble Surendran"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 133</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Sinnathamby Noble Surendran</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Spatial-Temporal Clustering Characteristics of Dengue in the Northern Region of Sri Lanka, 2010-2013</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumiko%20Anno">Sumiko Anno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keiji%20Imaoka"> Keiji Imaoka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takeo%20Tadono"> Takeo Tadono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamotsu%20Igarashi"> Tamotsu Igarashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subramaniam%20Sivaganesh"> Subramaniam Sivaganesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selvam%20Kannathasan"> Selvam Kannathasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaithehi%20Kumaran"> Vaithehi Kumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sinnathamby%20Noble%20Surendran"> Sinnathamby Noble Surendran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dengue outbreaks are affected by biological, ecological, socio-economic and demographic factors that vary over time and space. These factors have been examined separately and still require systematic clarification. The present study aimed to investigate the spatial-temporal clustering relationships between these factors and dengue outbreaks in the northern region of Sri Lanka. Remote sensing (RS) data gathered from a plurality of satellites were used to develop an index comprising rainfall, humidity and temperature data. RS data gathered by ALOS/AVNIR-2 were used to detect urbanization, and a digital land cover map was used to extract land cover information. Other data on relevant factors and dengue outbreaks were collected through institutions and extant databases. The analyzed RS data and databases were integrated into geographic information systems, enabling temporal analysis, spatial statistical analysis and space-time clustering analysis. Our present results showed that increases in the number of the combination of ecological factor and socio-economic and demographic factors with above the average or the presence contribute to significantly high rates of space-time dengue clusters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ALOS%2FAVNIR-2" title="ALOS/AVNIR-2">ALOS/AVNIR-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dengue" title=" dengue"> dengue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space-time%20clustering%20analysis" title=" space-time clustering analysis"> space-time clustering analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sri%20Lanka" title=" Sri Lanka"> Sri Lanka</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20456/spatial-temporal-clustering-characteristics-of-dengue-in-the-northern-region-of-sri-lanka-2010-2013" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> The Basic Teachings of the Buddha</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhaddiya%20Tanchangya">Bhaddiya Tanchangya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article discusses the Four Noble Truths, the foundational teachings of Buddhism, and their significance to Buddhist philosophy. The Four Noble Truths are the Noble Truth of Suffering, the Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering, the Noble Truth of the End of Suffering, and the Noble Truth of the Path Leading to the End of Suffering. The first truth, the Noble Truth of Suffering, explains that suffering or dukkha is an inherent part of existence, including emotional, physical, and existential forms of suffering, including the Five Aggregates, which refer to the five components that make up a sentient being's experience of existence, as they are all conditioned, interdependent, subject to the Three Characteristics of Existence: impermanence, unsatisfactoriness and emptiness. The second truth, the Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering, states that craving or attachment to the sensory experiences of the Five Aggregates leads to suffering and identifies three types of craving: craving for sensual pleasures, craving for existence, and craving for non-existence. Through the doctrine of Dependent Origination (Paṭiccasamuppāda), the Buddha graphically shows how the entire process of suffering arises and ceases. The third truth, the Noble Truth of the End of Suffering, asserts that there is a way to end suffering and attain a state of liberation called Nibbāna that marks the end of the cycle of birth and death by removing that very craving towards the sensory experiences by cultivating the Noble Eightfold Path. The fourth truth, the Noble Truth of the Path Leading to the End of Suffering, describes the Noble Eightfold Path, a set of guidelines to develop insight and wisdom to overcome craving and attachment and attain liberation from suffering. The article emphasizes that the Four Noble Truths are universal, applicable to all people regardless of culture, background, or beliefs, and form the foundation of Buddhist philosophy and practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four%20noble%20truths" title="four noble truths">four noble truths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impermanence" title=" impermanence"> impermanence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suffering" title=" suffering"> suffering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=not-self-ness" title=" not-self-ness"> not-self-ness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interconnectedness" title=" interconnectedness"> interconnectedness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emptiness" title=" emptiness"> emptiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morality" title=" morality"> morality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title=" concentration"> concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wisdom" title=" wisdom"> wisdom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nirvana" title=" nirvana"> nirvana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=happiness" title=" happiness"> happiness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166176/the-basic-teachings-of-the-buddha" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> The Connection of the Nibbāna with the Six Sense Bases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wattegama%20Subhavi">Wattegama Subhavi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A being is the working of the six sense bases. The sense bases are the eye, the ear, the nose, the tongue, the body and the mind. Buddhism describes what these sense bases are and how they work. These sense bases can be related to many of the philosophical and psychological teachings of the Buddha. One of the most important teachings of the Buddha is the Four Noble Truths. Buddhism explains that one who needs to attain <em>Nibbāna</em> must understand and realize these Four Noble Truths. These noble truths have a direct connection with the sense bases. The ultimate goal of Buddhism is <em>Nibbāna</em>. But there is no place or a special world called the “<em>Nibbāna</em>”. This paper describes that the noble truths can be identified within one’s own sense bases. The noble truth of suffering occurs within the functioning of the sense bases and the cause of suffering, “craving” operates inside the senses bases and the cessation of suffering, or <em>Nibbāna</em> is also experienced in the Sense Bases. Relevant material will be drawn for this paper directly from the <em>Pāli</em> canonical sources. The major finding is that the first three noble truths can be experienced through the six sense bases. The conclusion derived from the study is that the sense bases have direct relevance to <em>Nibbāna</em>, which is not to be conceived as another place or another dimension, but phenomena that can be experienced through one’s own sense bases, and that the other noble truths are also to be experienced in relation to one’s own sense bases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Four%20Noble%20Truths" title=" Four Noble Truths"> Four Noble Truths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sense%20bases" title=" sense bases"> sense bases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nibb%C4%81na" title=" Nibbāna"> Nibbāna</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74800/the-connection-of-the-nibbana-with-the-six-sense-bases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> A Comparison between Shear Bond Strength of VMK Master Porcelain with Three Base-Metal Alloys (Ni-Cr-T3, Verabond, Super Cast) and One Noble Alloy (X-33) in Metal-Ceramic Restorations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Neshati">Ammar Neshati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Hamidi%20Shishavan"> Elham Hamidi Shishavan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Statement of Problem: The increase in the use of metal-ceramic restorations and a high prevalence of porcelain chipping entails introducing an alloy which is more compatible with porcelain and which causes a stronger bond between the two. This study is to compare shear bond strength of three base-metal alloys and one noble alloy with the common VMK Master Porcelain. Materials and Method: Three different groups of base-metal alloys (Ni-cr-T3, Super Cast, Verabond) and one group of noble alloy (x-33) were selected. The number of alloys in each group was 15. All the groups went through the casting process and change from wax pattern into metal disks. Then, VMK Master Porcelain was fired on each group. All the specimens were put in the UTM and a shear force was loaded until a fracture occurred. The fracture force was then recorded by the machine. The data was subjected to SPSS Version 16 and One-Way ANOVA was run to compare shear strength between the groups. Furthermore, the groups were compared two by two through running Tukey test. Results: The findings of this study revealed that shear bond strength of Ni-Cr-T3 alloy was higher than the three other alloys (94 Mpa or 330 N). Super Cast alloy had the second greatest shear bond strength (80. 87 Mpa or 283.87 N). Both Verabond (69.66 Mpa or 245 N) and x-33 alloys (66.53 Mpa or 234 N) took the third place. Conclusion: Ni-Cr-T3 with VMK Master Porcelain has the greatest shear bond strength. Therefore, the use of this low-cost alloy is recommended in metal-ceramic restorations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20bond" title="shear bond">shear bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base-metal%20alloy" title=" base-metal alloy"> base-metal alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noble%20alloy" title=" noble alloy"> noble alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porcelain" title=" porcelain"> porcelain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9916/a-comparison-between-shear-bond-strength-of-vmk-master-porcelain-with-three-base-metal-alloys-ni-cr-t3-verabond-super-cast-and-one-noble-alloy-x-33-in-metal-ceramic-restorations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Sonochemically Prepared Non-Noble Metal Oxide Catalysts for Methane Catalytic Combustion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Przemyslaw%20J.%20Jodlowski">Przemyslaw J. Jodlowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20J.%20Jedrzejczyk"> Roman J. Jedrzejczyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damian%20K.%20Chlebda"> Damian K. Chlebda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Dziedzicka"> Anna Dziedzicka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukasz%20Kuterasinski"> Lukasz Kuterasinski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Gancarczyk"> Anna Gancarczyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maciej%20Sitarz"> Maciej Sitarz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to obtain highly active catalysts based on non-noble metal oxides supported on zirconia prepared via a sonochemical method. In this study, the influence of the stabilizers addition during the preparation step was checked. The final catalysts were characterized by using such characterization methods as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and µRaman. The proposed preparation method allowed to obtain uniformly dispersed metal-oxide nanoparticles at the support’s surface. The catalytic activity of prepared catalyst samples was measured in a methane combustion reaction. The activity of the catalysts prepared by the sonochemical method was considerably higher than their counterparts prepared by the incipient wetness method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20catalytic%20combustion" title="methane catalytic combustion">methane catalytic combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-noble%20metals" title=" non-noble metals"> non-noble metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sonochemistry" title=" sonochemistry"> sonochemistry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83478/sonochemically-prepared-non-noble-metal-oxide-catalysts-for-methane-catalytic-combustion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83478.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Dye Over Ag, Loaded ZnO Under UV/Solar Light</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farida%20Kaouah">Farida Kaouah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wassila%20Hachi"> Wassila Hachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamia%20Brahmi"> Lamia Brahmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chahida%20Ousselah"> Chahida Ousselah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Boumaza"> Salim Boumaza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Trari"> Mohamed Trari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The feasibility of using solar irradiation instead of UV light in photocatalysis is a promising approach for water treatment. In this study, photocatalytic degradation of a widely used textile dye, Acid Blue 25 (AB25), with noble metal loaded ZnO photocatalyst (Ag/ZnO), was investigated in aqueous suspension under solar light. The results showed that the deposition of Ag as a noble metal onto the ZnO surface, improved the photodegradation of AB25. . The effect of different parameters such as catalyst dose, initial dye concentration, and contact time was optimized and the optimal degradation of AB25 (97%) was achieved for initial AB25 concentration of 24 mg L−1 an catalyst dose of 1 g L−1 at natural pH (5.42) after 180 min. The kinetic studies were achieved and revealed that the photocatalytic degradation process obeyed to Langmuir–Hinshelwood model and followed a pseudo-first order rate expression. This work envisages the great potential that sunlight photocatalysis has in the degradation of dyes from wastewater <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20dye" title="acid dye">acid dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20degradation" title=" photocatalytic degradation"> photocatalytic degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunlight" title=" sunlight"> sunlight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide" title=" zinc oxide"> zinc oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noble%20metal" title=" noble metal"> noble metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Langmuir%E2%80%93Hinshelwood%20model" title=" Langmuir–Hinshelwood model"> Langmuir–Hinshelwood model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157579/photocatalytic-degradation-of-acid-dye-over-ag-loaded-zno-under-uvsolar-light" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> Challenges in Implementing the Inculcation of Noble Values During Teaching by Primary Schools Teachers in Peninsular Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Khairi%20Haji%20Othman">Mohamad Khairi Haji Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Zailani%20Mohd%20Yusoff"> Mohd Zailani Mohd Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozalina%20Khalid"> Rozalina Khalid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The inculcation of noble values in teaching and learning is very important, especially to build students with good characters and values. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the challenges of implementing the inculcation of noble values in teaching in primary schools. This study was conducted at four North Zone Peninsular Malaysia schools. This study was used a qualitative approach in the form of case studies. The qualitative approach aims at gaining meaning and a deep understanding of the phenomenon studied from the perspectives of the study participants and not intended to make the generalization. The sample in this study consists of eight teachers who teach in four types of schools that have been chosen purposively. The method of data collection is through semi-structured interviews used in this study. The comparative method is continuously used in this study to analyze the primary data collected. The study found that the main challenges faced by teachers were students' problems and class control so that teachers felt difficult to the inculcation of noble values in teaching. In addition, the language challenge is difficult for students to understand. Similarly, peers are also challenging because students are more easily influenced by friends rather than listening to teachers' instructions. The last challenge was the influence of technology and mass media electronic more widespread. The findings suggest that teachers need to innovate in order to assist the school in inculcating religious and moral education towards the students. The school through guidance and counseling teachers can also plan some activities that are appropriate to the student's present condition. Through this study, teachers and the school should work together to develop the values of students in line with the needs of the National Education Philosophy that wishes to produce intelligent, emotional, spiritual, intellectual and social human capital. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title="challenges">challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implementation" title=" implementation"> implementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inculcation" title=" inculcation"> inculcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noble%20values" title=" noble values"> noble values</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94564/challenges-in-implementing-the-inculcation-of-noble-values-during-teaching-by-primary-schools-teachers-in-peninsular-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Conformal Noble Metal High-Entropy Alloy Nanofilms by Atomic Layer Deposition for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction/Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysis Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Lin">Jing Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zou%20Yiming"> Zou Yiming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goei%20Ronn"> Goei Ronn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Yun"> Li Yun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanda%20Ong%20Jiamin"> Amanda Ong Jiamin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfred%20Tok%20Iing%20Yoong"> Alfred Tok Iing Yoong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings comprise multiple (five or more) principal elements that give superior mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, the current synthesis methods of HEA coating still face huge challenges in facile and controllable preparation, as well as conformal integration, which seriously restricts their potential applications. Herein, we report a controllable synthesis of conformal quinary HEA coating consisting of noble metals (Rh, Ru, Ir, Pt, and Pd) by using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) with a post-annealing approach. This approach realizes low temperature (below 200 °C), precise control (nanoscale), and conformal synthesis (over complex substrates) of HEA coating. Furthermore, the resulting quinary HEA coating shows promising potential as a platform for catalysis, exhibiting substantially enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performances as compared to other noble metal-based structures such as single metal coating or multi-layered metal composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-entropy%20alloy" title="high-entropy alloy">high-entropy alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin-film" title=" thin-film"> thin-film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysis" title=" catalysis"> catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20splitting" title=" water splitting"> water splitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20layer%20deposition" title=" atomic layer deposition"> atomic layer deposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150935/conformal-noble-metal-high-entropy-alloy-nanofilms-by-atomic-layer-deposition-for-enhanced-hydrogen-evolution-reactionoxygen-evolution-reaction-electrocatalysis-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Zn, Sb, Pb (Au) Mineralization of Hammam N’bails, NE of Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Merdas">Brahim Merdas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhak%20Boutaleb"> Abdelhak Boutaleb </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymetallic mineralizations with Zn, Sb, Pb boxed in miopliocene limestones of Hammam N’bails’s basin are regarded as the youngest mineralizations of North East of Algeria and are characterized by the presence of rather rare mineral phases throughout the world such as nadorite and flajolotite. Mineralization seems to have a bond with thermal springs emergent within the basin and with the faults which limit the basin. The comparison between mineralizations and similar ore deposits known in the world and which are characterized by the presence of the noble metals such as gold and the discovery of traces of this metal (1.4g/t) enables us to start again the problems of the noble metals of the type “low sulfidation” related to the thermal springs in the area in particular and in all Algerian North generally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadorite" title="Nadorite">Nadorite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=galana" title=" galana"> galana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold" title=" gold"> gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dolomitisation" title=" dolomitisation"> dolomitisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epigen%C3%A9tic" title=" epigenétic"> epigenétic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20springs" title=" hot springs"> hot springs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=" "> </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miopliocene" title=" miopliocene"> miopliocene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammam%20N%E2%80%99bails" title=" Hammam N’bails"> Hammam N’bails</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algeria" title=" algeria "> algeria </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9696/zn-sb-pb-au-mineralization-of-hammam-nbails-ne-of-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> NiFe-Type Catalysts for Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) Electrolyzers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boldin%20Roman">Boldin Roman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liliana%20Anal%C3%ADa%20Diaz"> Liliana Analía Diaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the hydrogen economy continues to expand, reducing energy consumption and emissions while stimulating economic growth, the development of efficient and cost-effective hydrogen production technologies is critical. Among various methods, anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis stands out due to its potential for using non-noble metal catalysts. The exploration and enhancement of non-noble metal catalysts, such as NiFe-type catalysts, are pivotal for the advancement of AEM technology, ensuring its commercial viability and environmental sustainability. NiFe-type catalysts were synthesized through electrodeposition and characterized both electrochemically and physico-chemically. Various supports, including Ni foam and Ni mesh, were used as porous transport layers (PTLs) to evaluate the effective catalyst thickness and the influence of the PTL in a 5 cm² AEM electrolyzer. This methodological approach allows for a detailed assessment of catalyst performance under operational conditions typical of industrial hydrogen production. The study revealed that electrodeposited non-noble multi-metallic catalysts maintain stable performance as anodes in AEM water electrolysis. NiFe-type catalysts demonstrated superior activity, with the NiFeCoP alloy outperforming others by delivering the lowest overpotential and the highest current density. Furthermore, the use of different PTLs showed significant effects on the electrochemical behavior of the catalysts, indicating that PTL selection is crucial for optimizing performance and efficiency in AEM electrolyzers. Conclusion: The research underscores the potential of non-noble metal catalysts in enhancing efficiency and reducing the costs of AEM electrolysers. The findings highlight the importance of catalyst and PTL optimization in developing scalable and economically viable hydrogen production technologies. Continued innovation in this area is essential for supporting the growth of the hydrogen economy and achieving sustainable energy solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AEMWE" title="AEMWE">AEMWE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocatalyst" title=" electrocatalyst"> electrocatalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20production" title=" hydrogen production"> hydrogen production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20electrolysis." title=" water electrolysis."> water electrolysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189262/nife-type-catalysts-for-anion-exchange-membrane-aem-electrolyzers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189262.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> Combining the Noble Values of Traditional Architecture on Modern Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwi%20Retno%20Sri%20Ambarwati">Dwi Retno Sri Ambarwati </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the traditional architecture were getting lost, replaced by modern architecture. The existence of many traditional houses often changing the function and change the values in an effort to adjust to the modern lifestyle, whereas the spiritual background of traditional architectural design is very specific and be the basis for consideration in the construction of the building, both in terms of determining the location of the building, the direction toward building, the spatial pattern and organization of space, zoning, hierarchical space, building form, ornamentation, the selection of building materials, and so on. The changes in function and form will transformed the spiritual values contained in it, because the architecture affects human behavior and reflects the culture. The traditional architecture views the architecture as a concept that has different tendencies in terms of orientation, shape, and attitude toward nature that tends to harmony with the social environment and local culture. The concept of the spirit of place made the architecture looks familiar, not arrogant and give a positive value to the surrounding environment. Every culture has a traditional architecture that full of spiritual values, although in the simplest form. Humans can learn about human values and local wisdom through the positive values that contained in traditional architecture, the desire to balance themselves with nature and the environment, not overbearing, strict adherence to the prevailing norms, openness in public life and intimacy family life that form a harmonious in life. The great and the wise value of traditional architecture should be revived in modern architecture that tends to ignore the spiritual values and more concerned with the functional and aesthetic pleasure, by combining the noble values of traditional architecture into modern architecture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title="architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combining%20noble%20values" title=" combining noble values"> combining noble values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20wisdom" title=" local wisdom"> local wisdom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20architecture" title=" traditional architecture"> traditional architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15167/combining-the-noble-values-of-traditional-architecture-on-modern-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Synthesis and Properties of Nanosized Mixed Oxide Systems for Environmental Protection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Yordanova">I. Yordanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Kolev"> H. Kolev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Todorova"> S. Todorova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Cherkezova-Zheleva"> Z. Cherkezova-Zheleva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Catalysis plays a key role in solving many environmental problems by establishing efficient catalytic systems for environmental protection and reducing emissions of greenhouse gases from industry. Volatile organic compounds are major air pollutants. There are several ways to dispose of emissions like - adsorption, condensation, absorption, bio-filtration, thermal, catalytic, plasma and ultraviolet oxidation. The catalytic oxidation has more advantages over other methods. For example - lower energy consumption; the concentration of the organic contaminant may be low or may vary within wide limits. Catalysts for complete oxidation of VOCs can be classified into three categories: noble metal, metal oxides or supported metal oxides and mixture of noble metals and metal oxides. Most of the catalysts for the complete catalytic oxidation are based on Pt, Pd, Rh or a combination thereof. The oxides of the transition metal are one of the alternatives to noble metal catalysts for these reactions. They are less active at low temperatures, but at higher - their activity is similar. The properties of the catalyst depend on the distribution of the active phase, the medium type of the pre-treatment, the interaction between the active phase and the support and the interaction between the active phase and the reaction medium. Supported mono-component Mn and bi-component Mn-Co systems are examined in present study. The samples are prepared using co-precipitation method. SiO2 (Aerosil) is used as a support. The studied samples were precipitated by NH4OH. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, XPS, TPR and tested in the catalytic reaction of complete oxidation of n-hexane, propane, methanol, ethanol and propanol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20oxidation" title="catalytic oxidation">catalytic oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Co-Mn%20oxide" title=" Co-Mn oxide"> Co-Mn oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation%20of%20hydrocarbons%20and%20alcohols" title=" oxidation of hydrocarbons and alcohols"> oxidation of hydrocarbons and alcohols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20protection" title=" environmental protection"> environmental protection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18762/synthesis-and-properties-of-nanosized-mixed-oxide-systems-for-environmental-protection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of a New Noble Metal Modified TiO2@SrTiO3 and SrTiO3 Photocatalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ewelina%20Grabowska">Ewelina Grabowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martyna%20Marchelek"> Martyna Marchelek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among the various semiconductors, nanosized TiO2 has been widely studied due to its high photosensitivity, low cost, low toxicity, and good chemical and thermal stability. However, there are two main drawbacks to the practical application of pure TiO2 films. One is that TiO2 can be induced only by ultraviolet (UV) light due to its intrinsic wide bandgap (3.2 eV for anatase and 3.0 eV for rutile), which limits its practical efficiency for solar energy utilization since UV light makes up only 4-5% of the solar spectrum. The other is that a high electron-hole recombination rate will reduce the photoelectric conversion efficiency of TiO2. In order to overcome the above drawbacks and modify the electronic structure of TiO2, some semiconductors (eg. CdS, ZnO, PbS, Cu2O, Bi2S3, and CdSe) have been used to prepare coupled TiO2 composites, for improving their charge separation efficiency and extending the photoresponse into the visible region. It has been proved that the fabrication of p-n heterostructures by combining n-type TiO2 with p-type semiconductors is an effective way to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of TiO2. SrTiO3 is a good candidate for coupling TiO2 and improving the photocatalytic performance of the photocatalyst because its conduction band edge is more negative than TiO2. Due to the potential differences between the band edges of these two semiconductors, the photogenerated electrons transfer from the conduction band of SrTiO3 to that of TiO2. Conversely, the photogenerated electrons transfer from the conduction band of SrTiO3 to that of TiO2. Then the photogenerated charge carriers can be efficiently separated by these processes, resulting in the enhancement of the photocatalytic property in the photocatalyst. Additionally, one of the methods for improving photocatalyst performance is addition of nanoparticles containing one or two noble metals (Pt, Au, Ag and Pd) deposited on semiconductor surface. The mechanisms were proposed as (1) the surface plasmon resonance of noble metal particles is excited by visible light, facilitating the excitation of the surface electron and interfacial electron transfer (2) some energy levels can be produced in the band gap of TiO2 by the dispersion of noble metal nanoparticles in the TiO2 matrix; (3) noble metal nanoparticles deposited on TiO2 act as electron traps, enhancing the electron–hole separation. In view of this, we recently obtained series of TiO2@SrTiO3 and SrTiO3 photocatalysts loaded with noble metal NPs. using photodeposition method. The M- TiO2@SrTiO3 and M-SrTiO3 photocatalysts (M= Rh, Rt, Pt) were studied for photodegradation of phenol in aqueous phase under UV-Vis and visible irradiation. Moreover, in the second part of our research hydroxyl radical formations were investigated. Fluorescence of irradiated coumarin solution was used as a method of ˙OH radical detection. Coumarin readily reacts with generated hydroxyl radicals forming hydroxycoumarins. Although the major hydroxylation product is 5-hydroxycoumarin, only 7-hydroxyproduct of coumarin hydroxylation emits fluorescent light. Thus, this method was used only for hydroxyl radical detection, but not for determining concentration of hydroxyl radicals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites%20TiO2" title="composites TiO2">composites TiO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SrTiO3" title=" SrTiO3"> SrTiO3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title=" photocatalysis"> photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenol%20degradation" title=" phenol degradation"> phenol degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41624/preparation-characterization-and-photocatalytic-activity-of-a-new-noble-metal-modified-tio2-at-srtio3-and-srtio3-photocatalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Pregnancy Outcome in Pregnancy with Low Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A in First Trimester</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumi%20Manjipparambil%20Surendran">Sumi Manjipparambil Surendran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subrata%20Majumdar"> Subrata Majumdar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: The aim of the study is to find out if low PAPP-A (Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A) levels in the first trimester are associated with adverse obstetric outcome. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 114 singleton pregnancies having undergone combined test screening. Results: There is statistically significant increased incidence of low birth weight infants in the low PAPP-A group. However, significant association was not found in the incidence of pre-eclampsia, miscarriage, and placental abruption. Conclusion: Low PAPP-A in the first trimester is associated with fetal growth restriction. Recommendation: Women with low PAPP-A levels in first trimester pregnancy screening require consultant-led care and serial growth scans. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title="pregnancy">pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy-associated%20plasma%20protein%20A" title=" pregnancy-associated plasma protein A"> pregnancy-associated plasma protein A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PAPP-A" title=" PAPP-A"> PAPP-A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fetal%20growth%20restriction" title=" fetal growth restriction"> fetal growth restriction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trimester" title=" trimester"> trimester</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133011/pregnancy-outcome-in-pregnancy-with-low-pregnancy-associated-plasma-protein-a-in-first-trimester" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Magnetron Sputtered Thin-Film Catalysts with Low Noble Metal Content for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Kus">Peter Kus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Ostroverkh"> Anna Ostroverkh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yurii%20Yakovlev"> Yurii Yakovlev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yevheniia%20Lobko"> Yevheniia Lobko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Fiala"> Roman Fiala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Khalakhan"> Ivan Khalakhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Matolin"> Vladimir Matolin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen economy is a concept of low-emission society which harvests most of its energy from renewable sources (e.g., wind and solar) and in case of overproduction, electrochemically turns the excess amount into hydrogen, which serves as an energy carrier. Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE) are the backbone of this concept. By fast-response electricity to hydrogen conversion, the PEMWEs will not only stabilize the electrical grid but also provide high-purity hydrogen for variety of fuel cell powered devices, ranging from consumer electronics to vehicles. Wider commercialization of PEMWE technology is however hindered by high prices of noble metals which are necessary for catalyzing the redox reactions within the cell. Namely, platinum for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), running on cathode, and iridium for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on anode. Possible way of how to lower the loading of Pt and Ir is by using conductive high-surface nanostructures as catalyst supports in conjunction with thin-film catalyst deposition. The presented study discusses unconventional technique of membrane electron assembly (MEA) preparation. Noble metal catalysts (Pt and Ir) were magnetron sputtered in very low loadings onto the surface of porous sublayers (located on gas diffusion layer or directly on membrane), forming so to say localized three-phase boundary. Ultrasonically sprayed corrosion resistant TiC-based sublayer was used as a support material on anode, whereas magnetron sputtered nanostructured etched nitrogenated carbon (CNx) served the same role on cathode. By using this configuration, we were able to significantly decrease the amount of noble metals (to thickness of just tens of nanometers), while keeping the performance comparable to that of average state-of-the-art catalysts. Complex characterization of prepared supported catalysts includes in-cell performance and durability tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Our research proves that magnetron sputtering is a suitable method for thin-film deposition of electrocatalysts. Tested set-up of thin-film supported anode and cathode catalysts with combined loading of just 120 ug.cm⁻² yields remarkable values of specific current. Described approach of thin-film low-loading catalyst deposition might be relevant when noble metal reduction is the topmost priority. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20economy" title="hydrogen economy">hydrogen economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-loading%20catalyst" title=" low-loading catalyst"> low-loading catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetron%20sputtering" title=" magnetron sputtering"> magnetron sputtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20exchange%20membrane%20water%20electrolyzer" title=" proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer"> proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89600/magnetron-sputtered-thin-film-catalysts-with-low-noble-metal-content-for-proton-exchange-membrane-water-electrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> The Effect of Climate on Noble Houses of Siraf in the Early Islamic Centuries (Case Study: House N)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohadese%20Sukhtesaraii">Mohadese Sukhtesaraii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Esmail%20Esmaili%20Jelodar"> Mohammad Esmail Esmaili Jelodar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kosar%20Sookhtesaraii"> Kosar Sookhtesaraii</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Throughout history, humans have always wanted to have a shelter to live in, and this need and desire became the beginning of building and architecture. It was necessary to build a shelter and a building, dealing with the surrounding nature. The design and construction of architectural spaces are always influenced by nature, climate, and geographical location, and It is believed clearly see this influence even in the use of materials used in the construction of architectural buildings. The historical port of Siraf is located on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf in Bushehr province and 38 km from Kangan port. Geographically and climatically, Siraf is considered one of the hot and humid areas. The Zagros mountains, which continue from the Iranian plateau to the sea, end at Bandar Siraf; As a result, it creates a strip one kilometer wide by the sea. The location of Siraf in the restrictive conditions of the mountains and the sea has made it impossible to expand the city. The main goal of the current research is to investigate the climate of Siraf and the influence of the region's climate on the architecture and design of residential buildings in Siraf, known as noble houses, in the early Islamic centuries. In this research, it is looking for an answer to the question of how the climatic and geographical conditions have affected the architecture of Siraf buildings. The theoretical framework of this research can be expressed based on the influence of climate on the historical architecture of Bandar Seraf and the spatial analysis of archeology. Also, the research method will be analytical-descriptive and using field and library studies. The authors of the article believe that the architectural spaces of the early Islamic centuries of Siraf city were affected by the climate and geographical location, and the architects started building buildings by considering factors such as the sun's radiation, wind direction, and the position of the mountains and the sea. To use the regional and environmental potential for buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hose%20N" title="hose N">hose N</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noble%20hose" title=" noble hose"> noble hose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20era" title=" islamic era"> islamic era</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=siraf" title=" siraf"> siraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title=" climate"> climate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174879/the-effect-of-climate-on-noble-houses-of-siraf-in-the-early-islamic-centuries-case-study-house-n" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Antibacterial Activity of Noble Metal Functionalized Magnetic Core-Zeolitic Shell Nanostructures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Padervand">Mohsen Padervand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Functionalized magnetic core-zeolitic shell nanostructures were prepared by the hydrothermal and coprecipitation methods. The products were characterized by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FTIR), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The growth of mordenite nanoparticles on the surface of silica coated nickel ferrite nanoparticles at the presence of organic templates was well approved. The antibacterial activity of prepared samples was investigated by the inactivation of E.coli as a gram negative bacterium. A new mechanism was proposed to inactivate the bacterium over the prepared samples. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and reuse ability were studied too. TEM images of the destroyed microorganism after the treatment time were applied to illustrate the inactivation mechanism. The interaction of the noble metals with organic components on the surface of nanostructures studied theoretically and the results were used to interpret the experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20ferrite%20nanoparticles" title="nickel ferrite nanoparticles">nickel ferrite nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20core-zeolitic%20shell" title=" magnetic core-zeolitic shell"> magnetic core-zeolitic shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title=" antibacterial activity"> antibacterial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20coli" title=" E. coli"> E. coli</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1393/antibacterial-activity-of-noble-metal-functionalized-magnetic-core-zeolitic-shell-nanostructures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> WO₃-SnO₂ Sensors for Selective Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds for Breath Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arpan%20Kumar%20Nayak">Arpan Kumar Nayak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debabrata%20Pradhan"> Debabrata Pradhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A simple, single-step and one-pot hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize WO₃-SnO₂ mixed nanostructured metal oxides at 200°C in 12h. The SnO₂ nanoparticles were found to be uniformly decorated on the WO₃ nanoplates. Though it is widely known that noble metals such as Pt, Pd doping or decoration on metal oxides improve the sensing response and sensitivity, we varied the SnO₂ concentration in the WO₃-SnO₂ mixed oxide and demonstrated their performance in ammonia, ethanol and acetone sensing. The sensing performance of WO₃-(x)SnO₂ [x = 0.27, 0.54, 1.08] mixed nanostructured oxides was found to be not only superior to that of pristine oxides but also higher/better than that of reported noble metal-based sensors. The sensing properties (selectivity, limit of detection, response and recovery times) are measured as a function of operating temperature (150-350°C). In particular, the gas selectivity is found to be highly temperature-dependent with optimum performance obtained at 200°C, 300°C and 350°C for ammonia, ethanol, and acetone, respectively. The present results on cost effective WO₃-SnO₂ sensors can find potential application in human breath analysis by noninvasive detection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensing" title="gas sensing">gas sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20oxides" title=" mixed oxides"> mixed oxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoplates" title=" nanoplates"> nanoplates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia" title=" ammonia"> ammonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol" title=" ethanol"> ethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetone" title=" acetone"> acetone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53334/wo3-sno2-sensors-for-selective-detection-of-volatile-organic-compounds-for-breath-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Role of Music in the Mainstream Educational Curriculum: A Study in the Light of Noble Laureate Rabindranath Tagore's Educational Philosophy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tripti%20Watwe">Tripti Watwe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Music or art of any country is its national heritage and represents the cultural personality of that region. Noble Laureate Rabindranath Tagore through his international educational endeavour called ‘Visva-Bharati’ established this concept that music can very much be a part of the mainstream education of a country because the purpose of both music and education is to bring in transformation in an individual. An individual with musical veins is more focused and meditative towards his or her goal in life. That is why in Tagore’s Visva-Bharati, one can observe even the brightest brains from various fields of economics, science, social sciences or literature equally verbal and efficient in Rabindra songs which the poet created under his own name.Tagore established this phenomenon that music if made a part of education and life, brings in profound transformation in the character and over-all personality of a person giving better and responsible citizens to a nation. It is expected that this hypothesis that music and education can be a nectarine combination can be established and proved with the help of various recorded observations containing Tagore’s educational philosophy, his experiments in his own institution ‘Visva-Bharati’ and through recorded research materials which have been gathered during the author’s field work in Visva-Bharati. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabindranath%20Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Visva-Bharati" title=" Visva-Bharati"> Visva-Bharati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title=" music"> music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy" title=" philosophy"> philosophy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63117/role-of-music-in-the-mainstream-educational-curriculum-a-study-in-the-light-of-noble-laureate-rabindranath-tagores-educational-philosophy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Atmospheric Transport Modeling of Radio-Xenon Detections Possibly Related to the Announced Nuclear Test in North Korea on February 12, 2013</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kobi%20Kutsher">Kobi Kutsher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On February 12th 2013, monitoring stations of the Preparatory Commission of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) detected a seismic event with explosion-like underground characteristics in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). The location was found to be in the vicinity of the two previous announced nuclear tests in 2006 and 2009.The nuclear test was also announced by the government of the DPRK.After an underground nuclear explosion, radioactive fission products (mostly noble gases) can seep through layers of rock and sediment until they escape into the atmosphere. The fission products are dispersed in the atmosphere and may be detected thousands of kilometers downwind from the test site. Indeed, more than 7 weeks after the explosion, unusual detections of noble gases was reported at the radionuclide station in Takasaki, Japan. The radionuclide station is a part of the International Monitoring System, operated to verify the CTBT. This study provides an estimation of the possible source region and the total radioactivity of the release using Atmospheric Transport Modeling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20transport%20modeling" title="atmospheric transport modeling">atmospheric transport modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CTBTO" title=" CTBTO"> CTBTO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20tests" title=" nuclear tests"> nuclear tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioactive%20fission%20products" title=" radioactive fission products "> radioactive fission products </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25903/atmospheric-transport-modeling-of-radio-xenon-detections-possibly-related-to-the-announced-nuclear-test-in-north-korea-on-february-12-2013" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> The Importance of Right Speech in Buddhism and Its Relevance Today</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gautam%20Sharda">Gautam Sharda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of right speech is the third stage of the noble eightfold path as prescribed by the Buddha and followed by millions of practicing Buddhists. The Buddha lays a lot of importance on the notion of right speech (Samma Vacca). In the Angutara Nikaya, the Buddha mentioned what constitutes right speech, which is basically four kinds of abstentions; namely abstaining from false speech, abstaining from slanderous speech, abstaining from harsh or hateful speech and abstaining from idle chatter. The Buddha gives reasons in support of his view as to why abstaining from these four kinds of speeches is favourable not only for maintaining the peace and equanimity within an individual but also within a society. It is a known fact that when we say something harsh or slanderous to others, it eventually affects our individual peace of mind too. We also know about the many examples of hate speeches which have led to senseless cases of violence and which are well documented within our country and the world. Also, indulging in false speech is not a healthy sign for individuals within a group as this kind of a social group which is based on falsities and lies cannot really survive for long and will eventually lead to chaos. Buddha also told us to refrain from idle chatter or gossip as generally we have seen that idle chatter or gossip does more harm than any good to the individual and the society. Hence, if most of us actually inculcate this third stage (namely, right speech) of the noble eightfold path of the Buddha in our daily life, it would be highly beneficial both for the individual and for the harmony of the society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech" title=" speech"> speech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individual" title=" individual"> individual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society" title=" society"> society</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111716/the-importance-of-right-speech-in-buddhism-and-its-relevance-today" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Fundamentals of Islamic Resistive Economy and Practical Solutions: A Study from Perspective of Infallible Imams </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abolfazl%20Alishahi%20Ghalehjoughi">Abolfazl Alishahi Ghalehjoughi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Economic independence and security of Islamic world is the top priority. Economic dependence of Muslim countries on economies of non-Muslim imperialist countries results in political and cultural dependencies, and such dependencies will jeopardize the noble Islamic culture; because the will of a dependent country to implements the noble teachings of Islam would be faced with challenges. Solidarity of Muslim countries to achieve a uniformed and resistive economy-based Islamic economic system can improve ability of Islamic world to resist and counteract economic shocks produced by imperialists. Islam is the most complete religion in every aspect, from ideological and epistemological, to legislative and ethical, and economic aspect is no exception. Islam provides solutions to develop a flourishing economy for the whole Islamic nation. Knowledge of such solutions and identification of mechanisms to operationalise them in Islamic communities can highly contributed to establishment of the superior Islamic economy. Encourage of hard working, achievement and knowledge production, correction of consumption patterns, optimized management of import and export, avoiding Islamically prohibited income, economic discipline and equity, and promotion of interest free loan and the like are among the most important solutions to realize such resistive economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistive%20economy" title="resistive economy">resistive economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20independence" title=" cultural independence"> cultural independence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam" title=" Islam"> Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solidarity" title=" solidarity "> solidarity </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15303/fundamentals-of-islamic-resistive-economy-and-practical-solutions-a-study-from-perspective-of-infallible-imams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Recovery from Relational Trauma through the Practice of the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-You%20Hung">Yi-You Hung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Relational trauma has garnered significant attention recently, as it can create barriers in the personal, interpersonal, and professional realms. Without proper intervention, its psychological impact can be profound. In psychotherapy, the demand for culturally adaptive intervention models is growing. This article compares two therapeutic approaches focused on ‘self’ and ‘non-self’. It then incorporates Buddhist concepts of ‘dukkha’ (suffering), ‘samudaya’ (origin), ‘nirodha’ (cessation), and ‘magga’ (path) to develop culturally sensitive psychological interventions. Unlike Western psychotherapy, which often focuses on self, symptom relief, and restoring self-functioning, the ‘non-self’ approach encourages therapists to embody the principles of the Four Noble Truths. This perspective aims to help individuals reconstruct their internal relational state through shared suffering, compassion, wisdom, mindfulness, and righteous conduct. By understanding these concepts, therapists can guide individuals to ‘return to their inherent emptiness and non-self,’ resonating with the Buddhist belief that realizing this emptiness is a fundamental human goal. However, the model's limitations include individuals' need to embrace this cultural discourse and for therapists to learn Buddhist concepts deeply. Further research is essential to validate the effectiveness of this model in treating relational trauma cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buddhism" title="buddhism">buddhism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buddhist%20principles" title=" buddhist principles"> buddhist principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culturally%20adaptive%20interventions" title=" culturally adaptive interventions"> culturally adaptive interventions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relational%20trauma" title=" relational trauma"> relational trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192997/recovery-from-relational-trauma-through-the-practice-of-the-four-noble-truths-in-buddhism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Electro-Hydrodynamic Effects Due to Plasma Bullet Propagation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panagiotis%20Svarnas">Panagiotis Svarnas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Polykarpos%20Papadopoulos"> Polykarpos Papadopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atmospheric-pressure cold plasmas continue to gain increasing interest for various applications due to their unique properties, like cost-efficient production, high chemical reactivity, low gas temperature, adaptability, etc. Numerous designs have been proposed for these plasmas production in terms of electrode configuration, driving voltage waveform and working gas(es). However, in order to exploit most of the advantages of these systems, the majority of the designs are based on dielectric-barrier discharges (DBDs) either in filamentary or glow regimes. A special category of the DBD-based atmospheric-pressure cold plasmas refers to the so-called plasma jets, where a carrier noble gas is guided by the dielectric barrier (usually a hollow cylinder) and left to flow up to the atmospheric air where a complicated hydrodynamic interplay takes place. Although it is now well established that these plasmas are generated due to ionizing waves reminding in many ways streamer propagation, they exhibit discrete characteristics which are better mirrored on the terms 'guided streamers' or 'plasma bullets'. These 'bullets' travel with supersonic velocities both inside the dielectric barrier and the channel formed by the noble gas during its penetration into the air. The present work is devoted to the interpretation of the electro-hydrodynamic effects that take place downstream of the dielectric barrier opening, i.e., in the noble gas-air mixing area where plasma bullet propagate under the influence of local electric fields in regions of variable noble gas concentration. Herein, we focus on the role of the local space charge and the residual ionic charge left behind after the bullet propagation in the gas flow field modification. The study communicates both experimental and numerical results, coupled in a comprehensive manner. The plasma bullets are here produced by a custom device having a quartz tube as a dielectric barrier and two external ring-type electrodes driven by sinusoidal high voltage at 10 kHz. Helium gas is fed to the tube and schlieren photography is employed for mapping the flow field downstream of the tube orifice. Mixture mass conservation equation, momentum conservation equation, energy conservation equation in terms of temperature and helium transfer equation are simultaneously solved, leading to the physical mechanisms that govern the experimental results. Namely, we deal with electro-hydrodynamic effects mainly due to momentum transfer from atomic ions to neutrals. The atomic ions are left behind as residual charge after the bullet propagation and gain energy from the locally created electric field. The electro-hydrodynamic force is eventually evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric-pressure%20plasmas" title="atmospheric-pressure plasmas">atmospheric-pressure plasmas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric-barrier%20discharges" title=" dielectric-barrier discharges"> dielectric-barrier discharges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schlieren%20photography" title=" schlieren photography"> schlieren photography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-hydrodynamic%20force" title=" electro-hydrodynamic force"> electro-hydrodynamic force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98556/electro-hydrodynamic-effects-due-to-plasma-bullet-propagation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Effect of Catalyst Preparation Method on Dry Reforming of Methane with Supported and Promoted Catalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20P.%20Gandhi">Sanjay P. Gandhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20S.%20Patel"> Sanjay S. Patel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dry (CO2) reforming of methane (DRM) is both scientific and industrial importance. In recent decades, CO2 utilization has become increasingly important in view of the escalating global warming phenomenon. This reaction produces syngas that can be used to produce a wide range of products, such as higher alkanes and oxygenates by means of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. DRM is inevitably accompanied by deactivation due to carbon deposition. DRM is also a highly endothermic reaction and requires operating temperatures of 800–1000 °C to attain high equilibrium conversion of CH4 and CO2 to H2 and CO and to minimize the thermodynamic driving force for carbon deposition. The catalysts used are often composed of transition Methods like Nickel, supported on metallic and non-metallic oxides such as alumina and silica. However, many of these catalysts undergo severe deactivation due to carbon deposition. Noble metals have also been studied and are typically found to be much more resistant to carbon deposition than Ni catalysts, but are generally uneconomical. Noble metals can also be used to promote the Ni catalysts in order to increase their resistance to deactivation. In order to design catalysts that minimize deactivation, it is necessary to understand the elementary steps involved in the activation and conversion of CH4 and CO2. CO2 reforming methane over promoted catalyst was studied. The influence of ZrO2, CeO2 and the behavior of Ni-Al2O3 Catalyst, prepare by wet-impregnation and Co-precipitated method was studied. XRD, BET Analysis for different promoted and unprompted Catalyst was studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20reforming%20of%20methane" title="CO2 reforming of methane">CO2 reforming of methane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%20catalyst" title=" Ni catalyst"> Ni catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promoted%20and%20unprompted%20catalyst" title=" promoted and unprompted catalyst"> promoted and unprompted catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect%20of%20catalyst%20preparation" title=" effect of catalyst preparation"> effect of catalyst preparation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26182/effect-of-catalyst-preparation-method-on-dry-reforming-of-methane-with-supported-and-promoted-catalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Efficient Delivery of Biomaterials into Living Organism by Using Noble Metal Nanowire Injector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kkochorong%20Park">Kkochorong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keun%20Cheon%20Kim"> Keun Cheon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoban%20Lee"> Hyoban Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eun%20Ju%20Lee"> Eun Ju Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bongsoo%20Kim"> Bongsoo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction of biomaterials such as DNA, RNA, proteins is important for many research areas. There are many methods to introduce biomaterials into living organisms like tissue and cells. To introduce biomaterials, several indirect methods including virus‐mediated delivery, chemical reagent (i.e., lipofectamine), electrophoresis have been used. Such methods are passive delivery using an endocytosis process of cell, reducing an efficiency of delivery. Unlike the indirect delivery method, it has been reported that a direct delivery of exogenous biomolecules into nucleus have been more efficient to expression or integration of biomolecules. Nano-sized material is beneficial for detect signal from cell or deliver stimuli/materials into the cell at cellular and molecular levels, due to its similar physical scale. Especially, because 1 dimensional (1D) nanomaterials such as nanotube, nanorod and nanowire with high‐aspect ratio have nanoscale geometry and excellent mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties, they could play an important role in molecular and cellular biology. In this study, by using single crystalline 1D noble metal nanowire, we fabricated nano-sized 1D injector which can successfully interface with living cells and directly deliver biomolecules into several types of cell line (i.e., stem cell, mammalian embryo) without inducing detrimental damages on living cell. This nano-bio technology could be a promising and robust tool for introducing exogenous biomaterials into living organism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20delivery" title=" gene delivery"> gene delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoinjector" title=" nanoinjector"> nanoinjector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanowire" title=" nanowire"> nanowire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62718/efficient-delivery-of-biomaterials-into-living-organism-by-using-noble-metal-nanowire-injector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Developing Islamic Module Project for Preschool Teachers Using Modified Delphi Technique </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazeni%20Ismail">Mazeni Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Aliah"> Nurul Aliah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasmadi%20Hassan"> Hasmadi Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to gather the consensus of experts regarding the use of moral guidance amongst preschool teachers vis-a-vis the Islamic Project module (I-Project Module). This I-Project Module seeks to provide pertinent data on the assimilation of noble values in subject-matter teaching. To obtain consensus for the various components of the module, the Modified Delphi technique was used to develop the module. 12 subject experts from various educational fields of Islamic education, early childhood education, counselling and language fully participated in the development of this module. The Modified Delphi technique was administered in two mean cycles. The standard deviation value derived from questionnaires completed by the participating panel of experts provided the value of expert consensus reached. This was subsequently analyzed using SPSS version 22. Findings revealed that the panel of experts reached a discernible degree of agreement on five topics outlined in the module, viz; content (mean value 3.36), teaching strategy (mean value 3.28), programme duration (mean value 3.0), staff involved and attention-grabbing strategy of target group participating in the value program (mean value 3.5), and strategy to attract attention of target group to utilize <em>i</em>-project (mean value 3.0). With regard to the strategy to attract the attention of the target group, the experts proposed for creative activities to be added in order to enhance teachers’ creativity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Modified%20Delphi%20Technique" title="Modified Delphi Technique">Modified Delphi Technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20project" title=" Islamic project"> Islamic project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noble%20values" title=" noble values"> noble values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20moral%20guidance" title=" teacher moral guidance"> teacher moral guidance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104214/developing-islamic-module-project-for-preschool-teachers-using-modified-delphi-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Saadi: The Matter of Reality and Imagination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mozhde%20Shafie">Mozhde Shafie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahid%20Naderi"> Nahid Naderi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandana%20Mangeli"> Mandana Mangeli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Is it true to say that Saadi was an idealized embodiment of his moral teachings in Gulistan and Boustan? The body of criticism on Saadi’s works suggests that his biography provides no clear and valid information to judge about the extent to which Saadi acted what he preached. His moral teachings depict a sort of individual and social morality which is defined in relation to power and falls in the category of political ethics. Political ethics appear as for the noble and the subordinate in Gulistan and Boustan. Ethics for the noble include all his teachings for governors and rulers in eulogies. On the other hand, ethics for the subordinate include all his suggestions for the public in relation to power position. Here, Saadi puts forward some conservative recommendations that trigger some contemporary critical commentaries. However, there are some cases where he takes up a third person narrative position to narrate the story of a king and a mendicant. In these stories, the mendicant is a witty man with bitter criticism on society, implying that one should relinquish earthly pleasures and advantages if he wants his criticism to be acceptable. First person narratives fall in two categories determinate and indeterminate narratives. Indirect speeches reflecting biographical facts are indeterminate narratives which give no information about the poet’s personality. Other narratives are more of an autobiography that report probable observations. These latter narratives demonstrate Saadi as a man quick at repartee that feels free to disclose his poverty and some cases of impiety. Therefore, they provide no idealized picture of the poet in terms of ethical principles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saadi" title="Saadi">Saadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics" title=" ethics"> ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boustan" title=" Boustan"> Boustan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulistan" title=" Gulistan"> Gulistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first-person%20narrative" title=" first-person narrative"> first-person narrative</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36932/saadi-the-matter-of-reality-and-imagination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Dual Metal Organic Framework Derived N-Doped Fe3C Nanocages Decorated with Ultrathin ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20%20Amaranatha%20Reddy">D. Amaranatha Reddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Highly efficient and stable co-catalysts materials is of great important for boosting photo charge carrier’s separation, transportation efficiency, and accelerating the catalytic reactive sites of semiconductor photocatalysts. As a result, it is of decisive importance to fabricate low price noble metal free co-catalysts with high catalytic reactivity, but it remains very challenging. Considering this challenge here, dual metal organic frame work derived N-Doped Fe3C nanocages have been rationally designed and decorated with ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation. The fabrication strategy precisely integrates co-catalyst nanocages with ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor nanosheets by providing tightly interconnected nano-junctions and helps to suppress the charge carrier’s recombination rate. Furthermore, constructed highly porous hybrid structures expose ample active sites for catalytic reduction reactions and harvest visible light more effectively by light scattering. As a result, fabricated nanostructures exhibit superior solar driven hydrogen evolution rate (9600 µmol/g/h) with an apparent quantum efficiency of 3.6 %, which is relatively higher than the Pt noble metal co-catalyst systems and earlier reported ZnIn2S4 based nanohybrids. We believe that the present work promotes the application of sulfide based nanostructures in solar driven hydrogen production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title="photocatalysis">photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20splitting" title=" water splitting"> water splitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20fuel%20production" title=" hydrogen fuel production"> hydrogen fuel production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar-driven%20hydrogen" title=" solar-driven hydrogen"> solar-driven hydrogen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142948/dual-metal-organic-framework-derived-n-doped-fe3c-nanocages-decorated-with-ultrathin-znin2s4-nanosheets-for-efficient-photocatalytic-hydrogen-generation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Ni Mixed Oxides Type-Spinel for Energy: Application in Dry Reforming of Methane for Syngas (H2 and CO) Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bedarnia%20Ishak">Bedarnia Ishak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the recent years, the dry reforming of methane has received considerable attention from an environmental view point because it consumes and eliminates two gases (CH4 and CO2) responsible for global warming by greenhouse effect. Many catalysts containing noble metal (Rh, Ru, Pd, Pt and Ir) or transition metal (Ni, Co and Fe) have been reported to be active in this reaction. Compared to noble metals, Ni-materials are cheap but very easily deactivated by coking. Ni-based mixed oxides structurally well-defined like perovskites and spinels are being studied because they possibly make solid solutions and allow to vary the composition and thus the performances properties. In this work, nano-sized nickel ferrite oxides are synthesized using three different methods: Co-precipitation (CP), hydrothermal (HT) and sol gel (SG) methods and characterized by XRD, Raman, XPS, BET, TPR, SEM-EDX and TEM-EDX. XRD patterns of all synthesized oxides showed the presence of NiFe2O4 spinel, confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Hematite was present only in CP sample. Depending on the synthesis method, the surface area, particle size, as well as the surface Ni/Fe atomic ratio (XPS) and the behavior upon reduction varied. The materials were tested in methane dry reforming with CO2 at 1 atm and 650-800 °C. The catalytic activity of the spinel samples was not very high (XCH4 = 5-20 mol% and XCO2 = 25-40 mol %) when no pre-reduction step was carried out. A significant contribution of RWGS explained the low values of H2/CO ratio obtained. The reoxidation step of the catalyst carried out after reaction showed little amounts of coke deposition. The reducing pretreatment was particularly efficient in the case of SG (XCH4 = 80 mol% and XCO2 = 92 mol%, at 800 °C), with H2/CO > 1. In conclusion, the influence of preparation was strong for most samples and the catalytic behavior could be interpreted by considering the distribution of cations among octahedral (Oh) and tetrahedral (Td) sites as in (Ni2+1-xFe3+x) Td (Ni2+xFe3+2-x) OhO2-4 influenced the reducibility of materials and thus their catalytic performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiFe2O4" title="NiFe2O4">NiFe2O4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20reforming%20of%20methane" title=" dry reforming of methane"> dry reforming of methane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinel%20oxide" title=" spinel oxide"> spinel oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxide%20zenc" title=" oxide zenc"> oxide zenc</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34539/ni-mixed-oxides-type-spinel-for-energy-application-in-dry-reforming-of-methane-for-syngas-h2-and-co-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sinnathamby%20Noble%20Surendran&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sinnathamby%20Noble%20Surendran&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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