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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Derivations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derivations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Derivations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derivations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Data format</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Image_display" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_display"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Image display</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_display-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Value_representations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Value_representations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Value representations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Value_representations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Store" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Store"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Store</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Store-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storage_commitment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storage_commitment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Storage commitment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storage_commitment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Query/retrieve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Query/retrieve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Query/retrieve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Query/retrieve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modality_worklist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modality_worklist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Modality worklist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modality_worklist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modality_performed_procedure_step" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modality_performed_procedure_step"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Modality performed procedure step</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modality_performed_procedure_step-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Print" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Print</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offline_media_(files)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offline_media_(files)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Offline media (files)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offline_media_(files)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Application_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Application_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Application areas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Application_areas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Application areas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Application_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Types_of_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Types of equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fields_of_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fields_of_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Fields of medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fields_of_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port_numbers_over_IP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port_numbers_over_IP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Port numbers over IP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port_numbers_over_IP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disadvantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disadvantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Disadvantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disadvantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_standards_and_SDOs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_standards_and_SDOs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Related standards and SDOs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_standards_and_SDOs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standards_used_by_DICOM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards_used_by_DICOM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Standards used by DICOM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standards_used_by_DICOM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standards_that_use_DICOM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards_that_use_DICOM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Standards that use DICOM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standards_that_use_DICOM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Security</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Security-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Security subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-De-identification_of_DICOM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De-identification_of_DICOM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>De-identification of DICOM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De-identification_of_DICOM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">DICOM</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="التصوير الرقمي والاتصالات في الطب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التصوير الرقمي والاتصالات في الطب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Imaging_and_Communications_in_Medicine" title="Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="دایکام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دایکام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_imaging_and_communications_in_medicine" title="Digital imaging and communications in medicine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Digital imaging and communications in medicine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%98%EB%A3%8C%EC%9A%A9_%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EC%98%81%EC%83%81_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%86%B5%EC%8B%A0_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80" title="의료용 디지털 영상 및 통신 표준 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="의료용 디지털 영상 및 통신 표준" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Imaging_and_Communications_in_Medicine" title="Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Imaging_and_Communications_in_Medicine" title="Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மருத்துவப் படிமங்கள் எண்ணிம முறையாக்கமும் பரிமாற்ற முறைமையும் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மருத்துவப் படிமங்கள் எண்ணிம முறையாக்கமும் பரிமாற்ற முறைமையும்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="DICOM" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81095#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Open standard from the medical computer science</div> <p><b>Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine</b> (<b>DICOM</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">technical standard</a> for the digital storage and <a href="/wiki/Medical_image_sharing" title="Medical image sharing">transmission of medical images</a> and related information.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It includes a <a href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">file format</a> definition, which specifies the structure of a <b>DICOM file</b>, as well as a network <a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">communication protocol</a> that uses <a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">TCP/IP</a> to communicate between systems. The primary purpose of the standard is to facilitate communication between the <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">hardware</a> entities involved in <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">medical imaging</a>, especially those that are created by different manufacturers. Entities that utilize DICOM files include components of <a href="/wiki/Picture_archiving_and_communication_system" title="Picture archiving and communication system">picture archiving and communication systems (PACS)</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Modality_(medical_imaging)" class="mw-redirect" title="Modality (medical imaging)">imaging machines (modalities)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radiological_information_system" title="Radiological information system">radiological information systems (RIS)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Image_scanner" title="Image scanner">scanners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">printers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">computing servers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Networking_hardware" title="Networking hardware">networking hardware</a>. </p><p>The DICOM standard has been widely adopted by <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospitals</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Medical_software" title="Medical software">medical software</a> industry, and is sometimes used in smaller-scale applications, such as dentists' and doctors' offices. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Electrical_Manufacturers_Association" title="National Electrical Manufacturers Association">National Electrical Manufacturers Association</a> (NEMA) holds the copyright to the published standard,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was developed by the DICOM Standards Committee (which includes some NEMA members.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known as <a href="/wiki/National_Electrical_Manufacturers_Association" title="National Electrical Manufacturers Association">NEMA</a> standard PS3, and as <a href="/wiki/ISO_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO standard">ISO standard</a> 12052:2017: <i>"Health informatics – Digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) including workflow and data management"</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DICOM is used worldwide to store, exchange, and transmit <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">medical images</a>. DICOM has been central to the development of <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">modern radiological imaging</a>: DICOM incorporates standards for imaging modalities such as radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">magnetic resonance imaging</a> (MRI), and radiation therapy. DICOM includes protocols for image exchange (e.g., via portable media such as DVDs), image compression, 3-D visualization, image presentation, and results reporting.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acrnema1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Acrnema1.jpg/220px-Acrnema1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Acrnema1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Front page of ACR/NEMA 300, version 1.0, which was released in 1985</figcaption></figure> <p>DICOM is a standard developed by <a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Radiology" title="American College of Radiology">American College of Radiology</a> (ACR) and <a href="/wiki/National_Electrical_Manufacturers_Association" title="National Electrical Manufacturers Association">National Electrical Manufacturers Association</a> (NEMA). </p><p>In the beginning of the 1980s, it was very difficult for anyone other than manufacturers of <a href="/wiki/Computed_tomography" class="mw-redirect" title="Computed tomography">computed tomography</a> or <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">magnetic resonance imaging</a> devices to decode the images that the machines generated. Radiologists and medical physicists wanted to use the images for dose-planning for <a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">radiation therapy</a>. ACR and NEMA collaborated and formed a standard committee in 1983. Their first standard, ACR/NEMA 300, entitled "Digital Imaging and Communications", was released in 1985. Very soon after its release, it became clear that improvements were needed. The text was vague and had internal contradictions. </p><p>In 1988 the second version was released. This version gained more acceptance among vendors. The image transmission was specified as over a dedicated 2 pair cable (<a href="/wiki/EIA-485" class="mw-redirect" title="EIA-485">EIA-485</a>). The first demonstration of ACR/NEMA V2.0 interconnectivity technology was held at Georgetown University, May 21–23, 1990. Six companies participated in this event, DeJarnette Research Systems, General Electric Medical Systems, Merge Technologies, Siemens Medical Systems, Vortech (acquired by Kodak that same year) and 3M. Commercial equipment supporting ACR/NEMA 2.0 was presented at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) in 1990 by these same vendors. Many soon realized that the second version also needed improvement. Several extensions to ACR/NEMA 2.0 were created, like Papyrus (developed by the University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland) and SPI (Standard Product Interconnect), driven by Siemens Medical Systems and Philips Medical Systems. </p><p>The first large-scale deployment of ACR/NEMA technology was made in 1992 by the US Army and Air Force, as part of the MDIS (Medical Diagnostic Imaging Support)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> program based at Ft. Detrick, Maryland. Loral Aerospace and Siemens Medical Systems led a consortium of companies in deploying the first US military <a href="/wiki/Picture_archiving_and_communication_system" title="Picture archiving and communication system">PACS</a> (Picture Archiving and Communications System) at all major Army and Air Force medical treatment facilities and teleradiology nodes at a large number of US military clinics. DeJarnette Research Systems and Merge Technologies provided the modality gateway interfaces from third party imaging modalities to the Siemens SPI network. The Veterans Administration and the Navy also purchased systems from this contract.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1993 the third version of the standard was released. Its name was then changed to "Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine", abbreviated DICOM. New service classes were defined, network support added and the Conformance Statement was introduced. Initially the DICOM standard was referred to as "DICOM 3.0" to distinguish it from its predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DICOM has been constantly updated and extended since 1993, with the intent that changes are backward compatible, except in rare cases where the earlier specification was incorrect or ambiguous. Officially there is no "version" of the standard except the current standard, hence the "3.0" version number is no longer used. There are no "minor" versions to the standard (e.g., no such thing as "DICOM 3.1") and there are no current plans to develop a new, incompatible, version of the standard (i.e., no "DICOM 4.0"). The standard should be referenced without specification of the date of release of a particular published edition,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except when specific conformance requirements are invoked that depend on a retired feature that is no longer documented in the current standard.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the DICOM standard has achieved a near universal level of acceptance among medical imaging equipment vendors and healthcare IT organizations, the standard has its limitations. DICOM is a standard directed at addressing technical interoperability issues in medical imaging. It is not a framework or architecture for achieving a useful clinical workflow. The <a href="/wiki/Integrating_the_Healthcare_Enterprise" title="Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise">Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE)</a> initiative layered on top of DICOM (and <a href="/wiki/HL7" class="mw-redirect" title="HL7">HL-7</a>) defines profiles to select features from these standards to implement transactions for specific medical imaging interoperability use cases. </p><p>Though always Internet compatible and based on transport over <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a>, over time there has been an increasing need to support port 80 <a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</a> transport to make use easier within the web browser. Most recently, a family of DICOM <a href="/wiki/Representational_state_transfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Representational state transfer">RESTful</a> web services have been defined to allow mobile device friendly access to DICOM objects and services, which include WADO-RS, STOW-RS and QIDO-RS, which together constitute the <a href="/wiki/DICOMweb" title="DICOMweb">DICOMweb</a> initiative. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Derivations">Derivations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Derivations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are some derivations from the DICOM standard into other application areas. These include <a href="/w/index.php?title=DICONDE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DICONDE (page does not exist)">DICONDE</a> (<i>Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation</i>) that was established in 2004 by <a href="/wiki/ASTM_International" title="ASTM International">ASTM International</a> as a way for <a href="/wiki/Nondestructive_testing" title="Nondestructive testing">nondestructive testing</a> manufacturers and users to share image data.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DICONDE can be used for <a href="/wiki/Photostimulated_luminescence" title="Photostimulated luminescence">computed radiography</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Digital_radiography" title="Digital radiography">digital radiography</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Computed_tomography" class="mw-redirect" title="Computed tomography">computed tomography</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ultrasonic_testing" title="Ultrasonic testing">ultrasonic testing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Eddy-current_testing" title="Eddy-current testing">Eddy-current testing</a>.,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DICOS (<i>Digital Imaging and Communication in Security</i>) that was established in 2009 to be used for image sharing in <a href="/wiki/Airport_security" title="Airport security">airport security</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data_format">Data format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Data format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;">DICOM</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced"> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">.dcm</code><sup id="cite_ref-nemak12_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nemak12-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><div class="monospaced"> application/dicom<sup id="cite_ref-nemak12_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nemak12-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">org.nema.dicom<sup id="cite_ref-nemak12_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nemak12-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>DICOM groups information into <a href="/wiki/Data_set" title="Data set">data sets</a>. For example, a file of a chest x-ray image may contain the patient ID within the file, so that the image can never be separated from this information by mistake. This is similar to the way that image formats such as <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a> can also have <a href="/wiki/Exchangeable_image_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchangeable image file format">embedded tags</a> to identify and otherwise describe the image. </p><p>A DICOM data object consists of a number of attributes, including items such as name, ID, etc., and also one special attribute containing the image pixel data (i.e. logically, the main object has no "header" as such, being merely a list of attributes, including the pixel data). A single DICOM object can have only one attribute containing pixel data. For many modalities, this corresponds to a single image. However, the attribute may contain multiple "frames", allowing storage of cine loops or other multi-frame data. Another example is NM data, where an NM image, by definition, is a multi-dimensional multi-frame image. In these cases, three- or four-dimensional data can be encapsulated in a single DICOM object. Pixel data can be compressed using a variety of standards, including <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lossless_JPEG" title="Lossless JPEG">lossless JPEG</a>, <a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Run-length_encoding" title="Run-length encoding">run-length encoding (RLE)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">LZW</a> (zip) compression can be used for the whole data set (not just the pixel data), but this has rarely been implemented. </p><p>DICOM uses three different data element encoding schemes. With explicit value representation (VR) data elements, for VRs that are not OB, OW, OF, SQ, UT, or UN<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, the format for each data element is: GROUP (2 bytes) ELEMENT (2 bytes) VR (2 bytes) LengthInByte (2 bytes) Data (variable length). For the other explicit data elements or implicit data elements, see section 7.1 of Part 5 of the DICOM Standard. </p><p>The same basic format is used for all applications, including network and file usage, but when written to a file, usually a true "header" (containing copies of a few key attributes and details of the application that wrote it) is added. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Image_display">Image display</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Image display"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To promote identical grayscale image display on different monitors and consistent hard-copy images from various printers, the DICOM committee developed a lookup table to display digitally assigned pixel values. To use the <b>DICOM grayscale standard display function (GSDF)</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> images must be viewed (or printed) on devices that have this lookup curve or on devices that have been calibrated to the GSDF curve.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Value_representations">Value representations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Value representations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to a value representation, each attribute also has a <i>value multiplicity</i> to indicate the number of data elements contained in the attribute. For character string value representations, if more than one data element is being encoded, the successive data elements are separated by the backslash character "\".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Services">Services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DICOM consists of services, most of which involve transmission of data over a network. The file format for offline media is a later addition to the standard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Store">Store</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Store"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The DICOM Store service is used to send images or other persistent objects (structured reports, etc.) to a <a href="/wiki/Picture_archiving_and_communication_system" title="Picture archiving and communication system">picture archiving and communication system</a> (PACS) or workstation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storage_commitment">Storage commitment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Storage commitment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The DICOM storage commitment service is used to confirm that an image has been permanently stored by a device (either on redundant disks or on backup media, e.g. burnt to a CD). The Service Class User (SCU: similar to a <a href="/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_model" title="Client–server model">client</a>), a modality or workstation, etc., uses the confirmation from the Service Class Provider (SCP: similar to a <a href="/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_model" title="Client–server model">server</a>), an archive station for instance, to make sure that it is safe to delete the images locally. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Query/retrieve"><span id="Query.2Fretrieve"></span>Query/retrieve</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Query/retrieve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This enables a workstation to find lists of images or other such objects and then retrieve them from a picture archiving and communication system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modality_worklist">Modality worklist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Modality worklist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The DICOM modality worklist service provides a list of imaging procedures that have been scheduled for performance by an image acquisition device (sometimes referred to as a modality system). The items in the worklist include relevant details about the subject of the procedure (patient ID, name, sex, and age), the type of procedure (equipment type, procedure description, procedure code) and the procedure order (referring physician, <a href="/wiki/Accession_number_(bioinformatics)" title="Accession number (bioinformatics)">accession number</a>, reason for exam). An image acquisition device, such as a CT scanner, queries a service provider, such as a <a href="/wiki/Radiological_information_system" title="Radiological information system">RIS</a>, to get this information which is then presented to the system operator and is used by the imaging device to populate details in the image metadata. </p><p>Prior to the use of the DICOM modality worklist service, the scanner operator was required to manually enter all the relevant details. Manual entry is slower and introduces the risk of misspelled patient names, and other data entry errors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modality_performed_procedure_step">Modality performed procedure step</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Modality performed procedure step"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A complementary service to modality worklist, this enables the modality to send a report about a performed examination including data about the images acquired, beginning time, end time, and duration of a study, dose delivered, etc. It helps give the radiology department a more precise handle on resource (acquisition station) use. Also known as MPPS, this service allows a modality to better coordinate with image storage servers by giving the server a list of objects to send before or while actually sending such objects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print">Print</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Print"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The DICOM print service is used to send images to a DICOM printer, normally to print an "X-Ray" film. There is a standard calibration (defined in DICOM Part 14) to help ensure consistency between various display devices, including hard copy printout. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Offline_media_(files)"><span id="Offline_media_.28files.29"></span>Offline media (files)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Offline media (files)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The format for offline media files is specified in Part 10 of the DICOM Standard. Such files are sometimes referred to as "Part 10 files". </p><p>DICOM restricts the filenames on DICOM media to 8 characters (some systems wrongly use 8.3, but this does not conform to the standard). No information must be extracted from these names (PS3.10 Section 6.2.3.2). This is a common source of problems with media created by developers who did not read the specifications carefully. This is a historical requirement to maintain compatibility with older existing systems. It also mandates the presence of a media directory, the DICOMDIR file, which provides index and summary information for all the DICOM files on the media. The DICOMDIR information provides substantially greater information about each file than any filename could, so there is less need for meaningful file names. </p><p>DICOM files typically have a .dcm file extension if they are not part of a DICOM media (which requires them to be without extension). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">MIME</a> type for DICOM files is defined by RFC 3240 as application/dicom. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier</a> type for DICOM files is org.nema.dicom. </p><p>There is also an ongoing media exchange test and "connectathon" process for CD media and network operation that is organized by the <a href="/wiki/Integrating_the_Healthcare_Enterprise" title="Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise">IHE</a> organization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application_areas">Application areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Application areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The core application of the DICOM standard is to capture, store and distribute medical images. The standard also provides services related to imaging such as managing imaging procedure worklists, printing images on film or digital media like DVDs, reporting procedure status like completion of an imaging acquisition, confirming successful archiving of images, encrypting datasets, removing patient identifying information from datasets, organizing layouts of images for review, saving image manipulations and annotations, calibrating image displays, encoding ECGs, encoding CAD results, encoding structured measurement data, and storing acquisition protocols. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_equipment">Types of equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Types of equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The DICOM information object definitions<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> encode the data produced by a wide variety of imaging device types,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including, <a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT</a> (computed tomography), <a href="/wiki/MRI" class="mw-redirect" title="MRI">MRI</a> (magnetic resonance imaging), <a href="/wiki/Ultrasound" title="Ultrasound">ultrasound</a>, <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluoroscopy" title="Fluoroscopy">fluoroscopy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angiography" title="Angiography">angiography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mammography" title="Mammography">mammography</a>, breast tomosynthesis, PET (<a href="/wiki/Positron_emission_tomography" title="Positron emission tomography">positron emission tomography</a>), <a href="/wiki/Single-photon_emission_computed_tomography" title="Single-photon emission computed tomography">SPECT</a> (single-photon emission computed tomography), Endoscopy, microscopy, nd whole slide imaging, OCT (optical coherence tomography). </p><p>DICOM is also implemented by devices associated with images or imaging workflow including, <a href="/wiki/Picture_archiving_and_communication_system" title="Picture archiving and communication system">PACS</a> (picture archiving and communication systems), image viewers and display stations, CAD (computer-aided detection/diagnosis systems), 3D visualization systems, clinical analysis applications, image printers, Film scanners, media burners (that export DICOM files onto CDs, DVDs, etc.), media importers (that import DICOM files from CDs, DVDs, USBs, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Radiological_information_system" title="Radiological information system">RIS</a> (radiology information systems), VNA (vendor-neutral archives), EMR (electronic medical record) systems, and radiology reporting systems </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fields_of_medicine">Fields of medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Fields of medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many fields of medicine have a dedicated Working Group within DICOM,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and DICOM is applicable to any field of medicine in which imaging is prevalent, including:, radiology, cardiology, oncology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy, neurology, orthopedics, obstetrics, gynecology, ophthalmology, dentistry, maxillofacial surgery, dermatology, pathology, clinical trials, veterinary medicine, and medical/clinical photography </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Port_numbers_over_IP">Port numbers over IP</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Port numbers over IP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DICOM have reserved the following <a href="/wiki/TCP_and_UDP_port" class="mw-redirect" title="TCP and UDP port">TCP and UDP port</a> numbers by the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">Internet Assigned Numbers Authority</a> (IANA): 104 <a href="/wiki/Well-known_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Well-known port">well-known port</a> for DICOM over <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">Transmission Control Protocol</a> (TCP) or <a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">User Datagram Protocol</a> (UDP). Since 104 is in the reserved subset, many operating systems require special privileges to use it; 2761 <a href="/wiki/Registered_port" title="Registered port">registered port</a> for DICOM using <a href="/w/index.php?title=Integrated_Secure_Communication_Layer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Integrated Secure Communication Layer (page does not exist)">Integrated Secure Communication Layer</a> (ISCL) over TCP or UDP; 2762 registered port for DICOM using <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">Transport Layer Security</a> (TLS) over TCP or UDP; 11112 registered port for DICOM using standard, open communication over TCP or UDP. The standard recommends but does not require the use of these port numbers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disadvantages">Disadvantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Disadvantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to a paper presented at an international symposium in 2008, the DICOM standard has problems related to data entry. "A major disadvantage of the DICOM Standard is the possibility for entering probably too many optional fields. This disadvantage is mostly showing in inconsistency of filling all the fields with the data. Some image objects are often incomplete because some fields are left blank and some are filled with incorrect data."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another disadvantage is that the file format admits executable code and may contain <a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">malware</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_standards_and_SDOs">Related standards and SDOs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Related standards and SDOs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/DVTk" title="DVTk">DVTk</a> is an Open Source project for testing, validating and diagnosing communication protocols and scenarios in medical environments. It supports DICOM, HL7 and IHE integration profiles. </p><p><a href="/wiki/HL7" class="mw-redirect" title="HL7">Health Level 7</a> is a non-profit organization involved in the development of international healthcare informatics interoperability standards. HL7 and DICOM manage a joint Working Group to harmonize areas where the two standards overlap and address imaging integration in the electronic medical record. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Integrating_the_Healthcare_Enterprise" title="Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise">Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE)</a> is an industry sponsored non-profit organization that profiles the use of standards to address specific healthcare use cases. DICOM is incorporated in a variety of imaging related IHE profiles.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Systematized_Nomenclature_of_Medicine" title="Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine">Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine</a> (SNOMED) is a systematic, computer-processable collection of medical terms, in human and veterinary medicine, to provide codes, terms, synonyms and definitions which cover anatomy, diseases, findings, procedures, microorganisms, substances, etc. DICOM data makes use of SNOMED to encode relevant concepts. </p><p><a href="/wiki/XnView" title="XnView">XnView</a> supports <code>.dic</code> / <code>.dicom</code> for <a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">MIME</a> type <code>application/dicom</code><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards_used_by_DICOM">Standards used by DICOM</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Standards used by DICOM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The best known standards and protocols used by DICOM are:<sup id="cite_ref-auto_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>DICOM Makes use of the OSI network model. It uses the 2 network protocols on which the Internet is based and which allow data transfer, <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a> / <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">IP</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> hypertext transfer protocol. Additionally DICOM has its own <a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">MIME</a> content type.</li> <li>DICOM uses other protocols such as <a href="/wiki/DHCP" class="mw-redirect" title="DHCP">DHCP</a>, SAML ...</li> <li>DICOM makes use of a coding system called <a href="/wiki/SNOMED_CT" title="SNOMED CT">SNOMED CT</a> that is based on medical and clinical terms.</li> <li>DICOM uses an external alphabet known as <a href="/wiki/LOINC" title="LOINC">LOINC</a>.</li> <li>In the case of breast images, use is made of other types of structured files known as <a href="/wiki/BI-RADS" title="BI-RADS">BI-RADS</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards_that_use_DICOM">Standards that use DICOM</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Standards that use DICOM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The DICOM standard is used in a wide variety of resources (IHE, HL7 ... a) that are related to images. </p><p>The ISO12052: 2017 and CEN 12052 standards refer to the DICOM standard.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security">Security</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2023, cybersecurity researcher Sina Yazdanmehr unveiled a critical security issue within the Store service. This revelation, presented at <a href="/wiki/Black_Hat_Briefings" title="Black Hat Briefings">Black Hat Briefings</a>, demonstrated the potential for malicious actors to manipulate existing series of medical images. Yazdanmehr's research highlighted the alarming capability of attackers to destroy a series of images or introduce misleading indicators of illness.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ensuring the security of patient data within DICOM is critical, as these files often contain sensitive personal health information (PHI). Security measures for DICOM data include encryption, access control, and auditing mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access, modification, or disclosure of patient information. Compliance with regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (<a href="/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act" title="Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act">HIPAA</a>) in the United States and the General Data Protection Regulation (<a href="/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation" title="General Data Protection Regulation">GDPR</a>) in Europe is essential for protecting patient privacy and ensuring the integrity of medical records. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De-identification_of_DICOM">De-identification of DICOM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: De-identification of DICOM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De-identification of DICOM refers to the process of removing or anonymizing personal health information (PHI) from medical images to protect patient privacy. This process is vital for sharing medical data for research, educational purposes, or public health activities while complying with privacy regulations. Techniques for de-identification involve stripping out or masking identifiable data elements within the DICOM metadata, such as patient names, birth dates, and other unique identifiers. Ensuring thorough de-identification is crucial to balance the benefits of data sharing with the obligation to maintain patient confidentiality.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3DSlicer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DSlicer">3DSlicer</a> – a free, open source software package for image analysis and scientific visualization, with the integrated support of components of DICOM standard.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambra_Health" title="Ambra Health">Ambra Health</a> – offers a free web-based DICOM Viewer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amira_(software)" title="Amira (software)">Amira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CinePaint" title="CinePaint">CinePaint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo_CADx" title="Ginkgo CADx">Ginkgo CADx</a> – cross-platform DICOM viewer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDL_(programming_language)" title="IDL (programming language)">IDL</a> – often used to view medical images</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImageJ" title="ImageJ">ImageJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InVesalius" title="InVesalius">InVesalius</a> – free, open source software that can be used to view DICOM images and transform DICOM image stacks to 3D models and export them to .STL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IrfanView" title="IrfanView">IrfanView</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroDicom" title="MicroDicom">MicroDicom</a> – free DICOM viewer for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noesis_(software)" title="Noesis (software)">Noesis</a> – free DICOM importer and exporter with 3D visualization for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OsiriX" title="OsiriX">OsiriX</a> – commercial image processing application dedicated to DICOM images.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthanc_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthanc (software)">Orthanc</a> – lightweight, <a href="/wiki/RESTful" class="mw-redirect" title="RESTful">RESTful</a> DICOM store.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studierfenster" title="Studierfenster">Studierfenster (StudierFenster)</a> – free, non-commercial Open Science client/server-based Medical Imaging Processing (MIP) online framework</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASTM+E2699-20+Standard+Practice+for+Digital+Imaging+and+Communication+in+Nondestructive+Evaluation+%28DICONDE%29+for+Digital+Radiographic+%28DR%29+Test+Methods&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astm.org%2Fe2699-20.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADICOM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astm.org/e2767-21.html">"ASTM E2767-21 Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) Test Methods"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASTM+E2767-21+Standard+Practice+for+Digital+Imaging+and+Communication+in+Nondestructive+Evaluation+%28DICONDE%29+for+X-ray+Computed+Tomography+%28CT%29+Test+Methods&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astm.org%2Fe2767-21.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADICOM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astm.org/e2663-23.html">"ASTM E2663-23 Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for Ultrasonic Test Methods"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASTM+E2663-23+Standard+Practice+for+Digital+Imaging+and+Communication+in+Nondestructive+Evaluation+%28DICONDE%29+for+Ultrasonic+Test+Methods&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astm.org%2Fe2663-23.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADICOM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astm.org/e2934-23.html">"ASTM E2934-23 Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for Eddy Current (EC) Test Methods"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASTM+E2934-23+Standard+Practice+for+Digital+Imaging+and+Communication+in+Nondestructive+Evaluation+%28DICONDE%29+for+Eddy+Current+%28EC%29+Test+Methods&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astm.org%2Fe2934-23.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADICOM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100515113502/http://www.nema.org/prod/security/indust-Img.cfm">"http://www.nema.org: Industrial Imaging and Communications Section"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nema.org/prod/security/indust-Img.cfm">the original</a> on 2010-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nema.org%3A+Industrial+Imaging+and+Communications+Section&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nema.org%2Fprod%2Fsecurity%2Findust-Img.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADICOM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nemak12-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nemak12_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nemak12_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nemak12_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dicom.nema.org/medical/dicom/current/output/html/part12.html#sect_K.1.2">"K.1.2: DICOM File"</a>. <i>DICOM PS3.12 2023b - Media Formats and Physical Media for Media Interchange</i>. 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(August 2020)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiroma2006" class="citation journal cs1">Shiroma, Jonathan T. (December 2006). 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Exploiting DICOM Flaw to Embed Malware in CT/MRI Imagery"</a>. <i>Cylera Labs</i>. 16 April 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://labs.cylera.com/2019/04/16/pe-dicom-medical-malware/">the original</a> on 23 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2019</span>. <q>A weakness in the DICOM image format enables malware to infect patient data by directly inserting itself into medical imaging files. These hybrid files are both fully-executable malware binaries and fully-functioning, standards-compliant DICOM images that preserve the original patient data and can be used by clinicians without arousing suspicion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cylera+Labs&rft.atitle=HIPAA-Protected+Malware%3F+Exploiting+DICOM+Flaw+to+Embed+Malware+in+CT%2FMRI+Imagery&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flabs.cylera.com%2F2019%2F04%2F16%2Fpe-dicom-medical-malware%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADICOM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ihe.net/index.php/Profiles">"Profiles – IHE Wiki"</a>. <i>wiki.ihe.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.ihe.net&rft.atitle=Profiles+%E2%80%93+IHE+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ihe.net%2Findex.php%2FProfiles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADICOM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flanders, A.E., Carrino, J.A., 2003. Understanding DICOM and IHE. Seminars in Roentgenology 38, 270–281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClunieCordonnier2002" class="citation cs1">Clunie, D.; Cordonnier, K. (February 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3240"><i>Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) – Application/dicom MIME Sub-type Registration</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC3240">10.17487/RFC3240</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3240">3240</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Imaging+and+Communications+in+Medicine+%28DICOM%29+%E2%80%93+Application%2Fdicom+MIME+Sub-type+Registration&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2002-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC3240&rft.aulast=Clunie&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Cordonnier%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc3240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADICOM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dicomstandard.org/">"DICOM"</a>. <i>DICOM</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DICOM&rft.atitle=DICOM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dicomstandard.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADICOM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i.blackhat.com/EU-23/Presentations/EU-23-Yazdanmehr-Millions_of_Patient_Records_at_Risk.pdf">"Millions of Patient Records at Risk: The Perils of Legacy Protocols"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>i.blackhat.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=i.blackhat.com&rft.atitle=Millions+of+Patient+Records+at+Risk%3A+The+Perils+of+Legacy+Protocols&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fi.blackhat.com%2FEU-23%2FPresentations%2FEU-23-Yazdanmehr-Millions_of_Patient_Records_at_Risk.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADICOM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2023/12/06/medical-scans-health-records-dicom-pacs-security/">"Millions of patient scans and health records spilling online thanks to decades-old protocol bug"</a>. <i>techcrunch.com</i>. 6 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=techcrunch.com&rft.atitle=Millions+of+patient+scans+and+health+records+spilling+online+thanks+to+decades-old+protocol+bug&rft.date=2023-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2023%2F12%2F06%2Fmedical-scans-health-records-dicom-pacs-security%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADICOM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apicom.pro/dicom-de-identification/">"DICOM De-identification/Anonymization: Protecting Patient Privacy in Medical Imaging"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DICOM+De-identification%2FAnonymization%3A+Protecting+Patient+Privacy+in+Medical+Imaging&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapicom.pro%2Fdicom-de-identification%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADICOM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DICOM&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medical.nema.org/standard.html">DICOM standard</a>, NEMA.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Medical_image_computing" title="Medical image computing">Medical image computing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imaging_informatics" title="Imaging informatics">imaging informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_healthcare" title="Artificial intelligence in healthcare">Artificial intelligence in healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroinformatics" title="Neuroinformatics">Neuroinformatics</a> in healthcare</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavior_informatics" title="Behavior informatics">Behavior informatics</a> in healthcare</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_biology" title="Computational biology">Computational biology</a> in healthcare</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translational_bioinformatics" title="Translational bioinformatics">Translational bioinformatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translational_medicine" title="Translational medicine">Translational medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_information_technology" title="Health information technology">health information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemedicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Telemedicine">Telemedicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_informatics" title="Public health informatics">Public health informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_information_management" title="Health information management">Health information management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_health_informatics" title="Consumer health informatics">Consumer health informatics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_classification" title="Medical classification">Medical classification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_of_Care_Record" title="Continuity of Care Record">Continuity of Care Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HRHIS" title="HRHIS">HRHIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_27799" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 27799">ISO 27799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOINC" title="LOINC">LOINC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professional organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_Medical_Systems_and_Informatics" title="American Association for Medical Systems and Informatics">American Association for Medical Systems and Informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Informatics_Association" title="American Medical Informatics Association">American Medical Informatics Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Informatics_Society_of_Australia" title="Health Informatics Society of Australia">Australian Society</a> / <a href="/wiki/Australasian_College_of_Health_Informatics" title="Australasian College of Health Informatics">Australasian College</a> (to merge from 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Society_of_Health_Informatics" title="Brazilian Society of Health Informatics">Brazilian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Federation_for_Medical_Informatics" title="European Federation for Medical Informatics">European Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Association_for_Medical_Informatics" title="Indian Association for Medical Informatics">Indian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Medical_Informatics_Association" title="International Medical Informatics Association">International Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Medical_Informatics" title="American College of Medical Informatics">American College of Medical Informatics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_health_record" title="Electronic health record">Electronic health record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Level_7" title="Health Level 7">Health Level 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_manipulator" title="Remote manipulator">Remote manipulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalized_medicine" title="Personalized medicine">Personalized medicine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Precision_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Precision medicine">precision medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_and_health_informatics_journals" title="List of medical and health informatics journals">List of medical and health informatics journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEHR" title="OpenEHR">openEHR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Health_software" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Health_software" title="Template:Health software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Health_software" title="Template talk:Health software"><abbr 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href="/wiki/Epocrates" title="Epocrates">Epocrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexicomp" title="Lexicomp">Lexicomp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medscape" title="Medscape">Medscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micromedex" class="mw-redirect" title="Micromedex">Micromedex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diagnostics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bioimaging</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="DICOM" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DICOM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3DSlicer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DSlicer">3DSlicer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drishti_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drishti (software)">Drishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIMIAS" title="GIMIAS">GIMIAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo_CADx" title="Ginkgo CADx">Ginkgo CADx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InVesalius" title="InVesalius">InVesalius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITK-SNAP" title="ITK-SNAP">ITK-SNAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OsiriX" title="OsiriX">OsiriX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VistA_Imaging" title="VistA Imaging">VistA Imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voreen" title="Voreen">Voreen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Servers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthanc_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthanc (software)">Orthanc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heuristics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bestbets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CommonGround_(software)" title="CommonGround (software)">CommonGround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuResist" title="EuResist">EuResist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dental_software" title="Dental software">Odontologic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybermed" title="Cybermed">Cybermed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Probe" title="Florida Probe">Florida Probe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_health_record" title="Electronic health record">Electronic<br />health records</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Platforms" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apache <a href="/wiki/CTAKES" class="mw-redirect" title="CTAKES">cTAKES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Health_Longitudinal_Technology_Application" title="Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application">AHLTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AthenaClinicals" class="mw-redirect" title="AthenaClinicals">athenaClinicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centricity" title="Centricity">Centricity</a> EMR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certify_Data_Systems" title="Certify Data Systems">Certify HealthLogix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerner" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerner">Cerner</a> EHR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Stored_Ambulatory_Record" title="Computer Stored Ambulatory Record">COSTAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datix_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Datix Limited">Datix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMIAS" title="EMIAS">EMIAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMIS_Health" title="EMIS Health">EMIS Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Systems" title="Epic Systems">EpicCare EMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EviMed" title="EviMed">EviMed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GaiaEHR" title="GaiaEHR">GaiaEHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNUmed" title="GNUmed">GNUmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPASS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPASS">GPASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOSxP" title="HOSxP">HOSxP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Practice_Systems_Limited" title="In Practice Systems Limited">INPS Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microtest_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microtest Health (page does not exist)">Microtest Open Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTBC" class="mw-redirect" title="MTBC">MTBC</a> WebEHR2.0</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NextGen_Healthcare_Information_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="NextGen Healthcare Information Systems">NextGen Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Care_Records_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="NHS Care Records Service">NHS Care Records Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Connecting_for_Health" title="NHS Connecting for Health">NHS Connecting for Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEMR" title="OpenEMR">OpenEMR</a></li> <li>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openhealthhub.com">Open HealthHub</a>]</li> <li>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://houseofoutsourcing.com/solutions/medical-billing-services-for-small-practices/">Small Medical Practice Billing</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenMRS" title="OpenMRS">OpenMRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practice_Fusion" title="Practice Fusion">Practice Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PrognoCIS" title="PrognoCIS">PrognoCIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RXNT" title="RXNT">RXNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summary_Care_Record" title="Summary Care Record">Summary Care Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebra" title="Tebra">Tebra</a> EHR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix_Partnership" title="The Phoenix Partnership">TPP</a> <a href="/wiki/SystmOne" title="SystmOne">SystmOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VistA" title="VistA">VistA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VITAband" title="VITAband">VITAband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZEPRS" title="ZEPRS">ZEPRS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Read_code" title="Read code">Read code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNOMED_CT" title="SNOMED CT">SNOMED CT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEDCIN" title="MEDCIN">MEDCIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOINC" title="LOINC">LOINC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCUM" class="mw-redirect" title="UCUM">UCUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RxNorm" title="RxNorm">RxNorm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_information_management_system" title="Laboratory information management system">Laboratory<br />management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cerner" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerner">Cerner CoPath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LabLynx,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="LabLynx, Inc.">ELab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Systems" title="Epic Systems">Epic Beaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LabKey_Server" title="LabKey Server">LabKey Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEDITECH" class="mw-redirect" title="MEDITECH">MEDITECH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STARLIMS" class="mw-redirect" title="STARLIMS">STARLIMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LabLynx,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="LabLynx, Inc.">webLIMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapio_Sciences" title="Sapio Sciences">Sapio Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patient_portal" title="Patient portal">Patient portals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AbbaDox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AbbaDox (page does not exist)">AbbaDox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenahealth" title="Athenahealth">athenaCommunicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerner" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerner">Cerner</a> Patient Portal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Systems" title="Epic Systems">MyChart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_practice_management_software" title="Medical practice management software">Practice<br />management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comprehensive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ClearHealth" title="ClearHealth">ClearHealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenHospital" title="OpenHospital">OpenHospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RXNT" title="RXNT">RXNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebra" title="Tebra">Tebra</a> Practice Management</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dentrix" title="Dentrix">Dentrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Dental" title="Open Dental">Open Dental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoftDent" title="SoftDent">SoftDent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Appointment_scheduling_software" title="Appointment scheduling software">Scheduling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AbbaDox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AbbaDox (page does not exist)">AbbaDox</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radix_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radix Health (page does not exist)">Radix Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebra" title="Tebra">Tebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zocdoc" title="Zocdoc">Zocdoc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vezeeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vezeeta (page does not exist)">Vezeeta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dentaltap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dentaltap (page does not exist)">Dentaltap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patient engagement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AbbaDox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AbbaDox (page does not exist)">AbbaDox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebra" title="Tebra">Tebra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vezeeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vezeeta (page does not exist)">Vezeeta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Behavioral <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PEBL_(software)" title="PEBL (software)">PEBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_(software)" title="Presentation (software)">Presentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PsychoPy" title="PsychoPy">PsychoPy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychtoolbox_for_MATLAB" title="Psychtoolbox for MATLAB">Psychtoolbox for MATLAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PsyScope" title="PsyScope">PsyScope</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cancer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caisis" title="Caisis">Caisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamLab" title="DreamLab">DreamLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding@home" title="Folding@home">Folding@home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial_management_system" title="Clinical trial management system">Clinical trials</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Health_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oracle Health Sciences (page does not exist)">Oracle Argus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surgical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer-assisted_surgery" title="Computer-assisted surgery">Assistive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HipNav" title="HipNav">HipNav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Health_Level_7" title="Health Level 7">Transmission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Amalga" title="Microsoft Amalga">Microsoft Amalga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirth_Connect" title="Mirth Connect">Mirth Connect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biomedical_cybernetics_software" title="List of biomedical cybernetics software">List of biomedical cybernetics software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_freeware_health_software" title="List of freeware health software">List of freeware health software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_health_software" title="List of open-source health software">List of open-source health software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_software" title="Category:Health software">Category:Health software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ISO_standards" title="Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ISO_standards" title="Template talk:ISO standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ISO_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> standards <span class="nobold">by standard number</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">ISO standards</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_romanizations" title="List of ISO romanizations">ISO romanizations</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1–9999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1" title="ISO 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2" title="ISO 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31" title="ISO 31">31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-0" title="ISO 31-0">-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-1" title="ISO 31-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-3" title="ISO 31-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-4" title="ISO 31-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-5" title="ISO 31-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-6" title="ISO 31-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-7" title="ISO 31-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-8" title="ISO 31-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-10" title="ISO 31-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-11" title="ISO 31-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-13" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-13">-13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">68-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_128" title="ISO 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_217" title="ISO 217">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal-loudness_contour" title="Equal-loudness contour">226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_233" title="ISO 233">233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_number" title="Kappa number">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicat_softening_point" title="Vicat softening point">306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_symbol#Ionizing_radiation_symbol" title="Hazard symbol">361</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_take-off" title="Power take-off">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prontor-Compur" title="Prontor-Compur">519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">639</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-6" title="ISO 639-6">-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_657" title="ISO 657">657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_668" title="ISO 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_690" title="ISO 690">690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_704" title="ISO 704">704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_732" title="ISO 732">732</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimagnetic_watch" title="Antimagnetic watch">764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole_punch" title="Hole punch">838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_843" title="ISO 843">843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_860" title="ISO 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_898" title="ISO 898">898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_965" title="ISO 965">965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_999" title="ISO 999">999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1000" title="ISO 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">1004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">1007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-A" title="OCR-A">1073-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-B" title="OCR-B">1073-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_redundancy_check" title="Longitudinal redundancy check">1155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock-resistant_watch#ISO_1413_shock-resistant_standard" title="Shock-resistant watch">1413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1629" title="ISO 1629">1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1745" title="ISO 1745">1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2014" title="ISO 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2015" title="ISO 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2047" title="ISO 2047">2047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">2108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2145" title="ISO 2145">2145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2146" title="ISO 2146">2146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">2281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere" title="International Standard Atmosphere">2533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2709" title="ISO 2709">2709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2711" title="ISO 2711">2711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2788" title="ISO 2788">2788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2848" title="ISO 2848">2848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2852" title="ISO 2852">2852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2921" title="ISO 2921">2921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126_film" title="126 film">3029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">3103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">3166</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-3" title="ISO 3166-3">-3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">3297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3307" title="ISO 3307">3307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">3601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">3602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3864" title="ISO 3864">3864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Recording_Code" title="International Standard Recording Code">3901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDI_World_Dental_Federation_notation" title="FDI World Dental Federation notation">3950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3977" title="ISO 3977">3977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4031" title="ISO 4031">4031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4157" title="ISO 4157">4157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4165" title="ISO 4165">4165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">4217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision" title="Accuracy and precision">5725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5775" title="ISO 5775">5775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5776" title="ISO 5776">5776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">5800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">5807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5964" title="ISO 5964">5964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">6166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6344" title="ISO 6344">6344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6346" title="ISO 6346">6346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">6373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6385" title="ISO 6385">6385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">6425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6709" title="ISO 6709">6709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6943" title="ISO 6943">6943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7001" title="ISO 7001">7001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7002" title="ISO 7002">7002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7010" title="ISO 7010">7010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7027" title="ISO 7027">7027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7064" title="ISO/IEC 7064">7064</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">7098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">7185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7200" title="ISO 7200">7200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">7498</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">-1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7637" title="ISO 7637">7637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7736" title="ISO 7736">7736</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8000" title="ISO 8000">8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">8093</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8178" title="ISO 8178">8178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">8217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8373" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8373">8373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8501-1" title="ISO 8501-1">8501-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTAM" title="FTAM">8571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8583" title="ISO 8583">8583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8691" title="ISO 8691">8691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8805/8806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Of_Temporal_Ordering_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification">8807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(automotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuse (automotive)">8820-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-8-I" title="ISO-8859-8-I">-8-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">8879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9000">9000/9001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">9036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">9075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">9141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_spray_test" title="Salt spray test">9227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9241" title="ISO 9241">9241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_Distributed_Data_Interface" title="Fiber Distributed Data Interface">9314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9362" title="ISO 9362">9362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">9407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_Message_Specification" title="Manufacturing Message Specification">9506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9564" title="ISO 9564">9564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592/9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.500" title="X.500">9594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">9660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9797-1" title="ISO/IEC 9797-1">9797-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9897" title="ISO 9897">9897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">9984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">9985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10000–19999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10006" title="ISO 10006">10006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10007" title="ISO 10007">10007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_(hash_function)" title="Whirlpool (hash function)">10118-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10160" title="ISO 10160">10160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10161" title="ISO 10161">10161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)#ISO/IEC_10206:1990_Extended_Pascal" title="Pascal (programming language)">10206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10218" title="ISO 10218">10218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">10303</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)" title="EXPRESS (data modeling language)">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-21" title="ISO 10303-21">-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-22" title="ISO 10303-22">-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-28" title="ISO 10303-28">-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">-238</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Identifier_Code" title="Market Identifier Code">10383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">10585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS">10589</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10628" title="ISO 10628">10628</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torx" title="Torx">10664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-ODP" title="RM-ODP">10746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">10861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number" title="International Standard Music Number">10957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10962" title="ISO 10962">10962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEEE_11073" title="ISO/IEEE 11073">11073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11170" title="ISO 11170">11170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11783" title="ISO 11783">11783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module" title="Trusted Platform Module">11889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAN_bus#CAN_lower-layer_standards" title="CAN bus">11898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11940" title="ISO 11940">11940</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_11940-2" title="ISO 11940-2">-2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941 (TR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11992" title="ISO 11992">11992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_12006" title="ISO 12006">12006</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_TR_12182" title="ISO/IEC TR 12182">12182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">12234-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_categories#ISO_12620_(ISO_TC37_Data_Category_Registry,_ISOcat)" title="Linguistic categories">12620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">13211</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isofix" title="Isofix">13216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13399" title="ISO 13399">13399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13406-2" title="ISO 13406-2">13406-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/110_film" title="110 film">13450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13485" title="ISO 13485">13485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">13490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13567" title="ISO 13567">13567</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13584" title="ISO 13584">13584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number" title="International Bank Account Number">13616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 14000">14000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14031" title="ISO 14031">14031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14224" title="ISO 14224">14224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/UA" title="PDF/UA">14289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">14396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" title="MPEG-4 Part 11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14617" title="ISO 14617">14617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14644" title="ISO 14644">14644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">14649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14698" title="ISO 14698">14698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">14764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14971" title="ISO 14971">14971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15022" title="ISO 15022">15022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15189" title="ISO 15189">15189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15398" title="ISO 15398">15398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPIP" title="JPIP">-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF417" title="PDF417">15438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15686" title="ISO 15686">15686</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">15706</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Musical_Work_Code" title="International Standard Musical Work Code">15707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">15919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">15924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926" title="ISO 15926">15926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926_WIP" title="ISO 15926 WIP">15926 WIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/X" title="PDF/X">15930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">16023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_function_deployment" title="Quality function deployment">16355-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/VT" title="PDF/VT">16612-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_16750" title="ISO 16750">16750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IATF_16949" title="IATF 16949">16949 (TS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_17100" title="ISO 17100">17100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Virtualization_Format" title="Open Virtualization Format">17203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDMX" title="SDMX">17369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Entity_Identifier" title="Legal Entity Identifier">17442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COLLADA" title="COLLADA">17506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">17799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_18245" title="ISO 18245">18245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Specification_Language" title="Process Specification Language">18629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_Activity_Test" title="Photographic Activity Test">18916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/A" title="PDF/A">19005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19011" title="ISO 19011">19011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">19092</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-2">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19114" title="ISO 19114">19114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geospatial_metadata#ISO_19115:_Geographic_information_–_Metadata" title="Geospatial metadata">19115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Features" title="Simple Features">19125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language#ISO_19136" title="Geography Markup Language">19136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">19407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19439" title="ISO 19439">19439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Object_Request_Broker_Architecture" title="Common Object Request Broker Architecture">19500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Discovery_Metamodel" title="Knowledge Discovery Metamodel">19506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Constraint_Language" title="Object Constraint Language">19507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Process_Model_and_Notation" title="Business Process Model and Notation">19510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19600" title="ISO 19600">19600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3D" title="X3D">19775-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19794-5" title="ISO/IEC 19794-5">19794-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Infrastructure_Management_Interface" title="Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface">19831</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20000–29999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20022" title="ISO 20022">20022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20121" title="ISO 20121">20121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20400" title="ISO 20400">20400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Xin_code" title="Han Xin code">20830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21001" title="ISO 21001">21001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Text_Code" title="International Standard Text Code">21047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">21122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21500" title="ISO 21500">21500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22000" title="ISO 22000">22000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22300" title="ISO 22300">22300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22301" title="ISO 22301">22301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22395" title="ISO 22395">22395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">23009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">23090-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">23092</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">23094-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">23094-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">23271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code" title="Rectangular Micro QR Code">23941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/E" title="PDF/E">24517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexical_Markup_Framework" title="Lexical Markup Framework">24613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-TimeML" title="ISO-TimeML">24617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroPDF417" title="MicroPDF417">24728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25178" title="ISO 25178">25178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25964" title="ISO 25964">25964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26000" title="ISO 26000">26000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26262" title="ISO 26262">26262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">26324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001" title="ISO/IEC 27001">27001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27005" title="ISO/IEC 27005">27005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27006" title="ISO/IEC 27006">27006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">27729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_28000" title="ISO 28000">28000</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">29148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">29199-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">29500</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">30170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31000" title="ISO 31000">31000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">32000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_37001" title="ISO 37001">37001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">40500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_50001" title="ISO 50001">50001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_55000" title="ISO 55000">55000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_56000" title="ISO 56000">56000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:ISO_standards" title="Category:ISO standards">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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