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id="mw-content-subtitle"> <span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Teutones&redirect=no&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutones">Teutones</a>)</span> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> This article is about the tribe known in Latin as the <i>Teutones</i>. The term "Teutons" also may refer to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanic_peoples?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a> collectively or the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germans">Germans</a> in particular. For other uses, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutonic_(disambiguation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Teutonic (disambiguation)">Teutonic</a>. </div> <p>The <b>Teutons</b> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Teutones</i>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Teutoni</i></span>; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Τεύτονες</span>) were an ancient northern European tribe mentioned by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ancient_Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> authors. The Teutons are best known for their participation, together with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cimbri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cimbri">Cimbri</a> and other groups, in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cimbrian_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cimbrian War">Cimbrian War</a> with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> in the late second century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Die_Frauen_der_Teutonen_verteidigen_die_Wagenburg_by_Heinrich_Leutemann.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Die_Frauen_der_Teutonen_verteidigen_die_Wagenburg_by_Heinrich_Leutemann.jpg/300px-Die_Frauen_der_Teutonen_verteidigen_die_Wagenburg_by_Heinrich_Leutemann.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Die_Frauen_der_Teutonen_verteidigen_die_Wagenburg_by_Heinrich_Leutemann.jpg/450px-Die_Frauen_der_Teutonen_verteidigen_die_Wagenburg_by_Heinrich_Leutemann.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Die_Frauen_der_Teutonen_verteidigen_die_Wagenburg_by_Heinrich_Leutemann.jpg/600px-Die_Frauen_der_Teutonen_verteidigen_die_Wagenburg_by_Heinrich_Leutemann.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="608"></a> <figcaption> "The Women of the Teutones Defend the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laager?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Laager">Wagon Fort</a>" (1882) by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heinrich_Leutemann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heinrich Leutemann">Heinrich Leutemann</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Some generations later, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julius_Caesar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> compared them to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanic_peoples?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a> of his own time, and used this term for all northern peoples located east of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rhine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>. Later Roman authors followed his identification. However, there is no direct evidence about whether or not they spoke a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanic_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic language">Germanic language</a>. Evidence such as the tribal name, and the names of their rulers, as they were written up by Roman historians, indicates a strong influence from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Celtic_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a>. On the other hand, the indications that classical authors gave about the homeland of the Teutones is considered by many scholars to show that they lived in an area associated with early Germanic languages, and not in an area associated with Celtic languages.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Name"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Name</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Linguistic_affiliations"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Linguistic affiliations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Homeland"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Homeland</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cimbrian_War"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Cimbrian War</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Teutons&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Name" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The ethnonym appears in Latin as <i>Teutonēs</i> or <i>Teutoni</i> in the plural, and less commonly as <i>Teuton</i> or <i>Teutonus</i> in the singular.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OED-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It transparently originates from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proto-Indo-European?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-European">Proto-Indo-European</a> stem *<i>tewtéh₂-</i>, meaning "people, tribe, crowd," with the addition of the suffix <i>-ones</i>, which is frequently found in both Celtic (e.g., <i>Lingones</i>, <i>Senones</i>) and Germanic (e.g., <i>Ingvaeones</i>, <i>Semnones</i>) tribal names during the Roman period. The term conveys the idea of a "mass of people," in contrast to distinguished individuals—such as leaders or heroes—or those belonging to a more elite group. It may have originally meant "people under arms" in Proto-Indo-European, as suggested by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hittite_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hittite language">Hittite</a> <i>tuzzi-</i> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luwian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luwian language">Luwian</a> <i>tuta</i> ("army").<sup id="cite_ref-RGA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RGA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The name <i>Teutones</i> can be interpreted either as Celtic, from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proto-Celtic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Celtic">Proto-Celtic</a> *<i>towtā</i> ("people, tribe)", or as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanic_parent_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanic parent language">pre-Germanic</a>. Its recorded spellings do not match the later <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a> form *<i>þeudō-</i> ("nation, people, folk," cf. Gothic <i>þiuda</i>), which suggests that if it is indeed Germanic, it must derive from an earlier stage of the language (prior to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grimm%27s_law?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grimm's law">first consonantal shift</a>), unless the Greek and Latin renditions are corrupt and do not accurately represent the original form. The stem <i>tewtéh₂-</i> is so widespread in Indo-European languages that linking the ethnonym to other names with the same origin, such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutoburg_Forest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teutoburg Forest">Teutoburg Forest</a> (<i>Teutoburgensis saltus</i>), is challenging.<sup id="cite_ref-RGA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RGA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Later on, beginning with ninth-century monastic Latin texts, the term <i>Teuton</i> came to refer specifically to speakers of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_Germanic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="West Germanic">West Germanic</a> languages—a usage that has persisted into modern times. Originally, it was used as a learned alternative to the similar-sounding term <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodiscus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theodiscus">theodiscus</a></i>, which was a Latinized form of the contemporary West Germanic word meaning "of the people."<sup id="cite_ref-theud_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-theud-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By extension, the adjective "Teutonic" has often been used more broadly to mean the same as "Germanic."<sup id="cite_ref-OED_2-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OED-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Linguistic_affiliations">Linguistic affiliations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Teutons&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Linguistic affiliations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>The Teutons commonly are classified as a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanic_peoples?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic tribe</a> and thought probably to have spoken a Germanic language, although the evidence is fragmentary. However, because of the non-Germanic, possibly Celtic, form of the names of both the Teutones and their associates the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cimbri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cimbri">Cimbri</a>, as well as the personal names known from these tribes, some historians have suggested a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Celts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Celts">Celtic</a> origin for the Teutones.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hussey_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hussey-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The earliest classical writers classified the Teutones as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Celts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Celts">Celts</a>; more generally, they did not distinguish between Celtic and Germanic peoples. Apparently, this distinction was first made by Julius Caesar, whose main concern was to argue that raids into southern Gaul and Italy by northern peoples who were less softened by Mediterranean civilization, should be seen in Rome as a systematic problem that can repeat in the future, and thereby demanded pre-emptive military action. This was his justification for invading northern Gaul.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>After Caesar, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strabo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> (died circa AD 24)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcus_Velleius_Paterculus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Velleius Paterculus">Marcus Velleius Paterculus</a> (died circa AD 31)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> classify Teutons as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanic_peoples?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1911673_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1911673-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pliny also classified them this way and specified that they were among the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ingaevones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ingaevones">Ingaevones</a>, related to the Cimbri and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chauci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chauci">Chauci</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Homeland">Homeland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Teutons&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Homeland" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plutarch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> in his biography of Marius, who fought the Teutones, wrote that they and the Cimbri "had not had intercourse with other peoples, and had traversed a great stretch of country, so that it could not be ascertained what people it was nor whence they had set out". He reported that there were different conjectures: that they were "some of the German peoples which extended as far as the northern ocean"; that they were "Galloscythians", a mixture of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scythians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scythians">Scythians</a> and Celts who had lived as far east as the Black Sea, or that the Cimbri were <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cimmerians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cimmerians">Cimmerians</a>, from even farther east.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The Fourth Century BC traveller, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pytheas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a>, as reported by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> (died AD 79), described the Teutones as neighbours of the northern island of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abalus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abalus">Abalus</a> where amber washed up in the spring, and was traded by the Teutones. Abalus was one day's sail from a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidal_marsh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tidal marsh">tidal marsh</a> or estuary facing the ocean (<i>aestuarium</i>) called <i>Metuonis</i> inhabited by another Germanic people, the <i>Guiones</i> (probably either the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inguaeones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Inguaeones">Inguaeones</a>, or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gutones">Gutones</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pomponius_Mela?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pomponius Mela">Pomponius Mela</a> (died circa 45 CE) stated that the Teutons lived on a large island, <i>Codannovia</i>, which was one of a group of islands in a large bay called <i>Codanus</i>, open to the ocean. Most scholars have interpreted this bay as being the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Codannovia</i> as being Scandinavia.</p> <dl> <dd> 31. On the other side of the Albis [Elbe], the huge Codanus Bay [Baltic Sea] is filled with big and small islands. For this reason, where the sea is received within the fold of the bay, it never lies wide open and never really looks like a sea but is sprinkled around, rambling and scattered like rivers, with water flowing in every direction and crossing many times. Where the sea comes into contact with the mainland, the sea is contained by the banks of islands, banks that are not far offshore and that are virtually equidistant everywhere. There the sea runs a narrow course like a strait, then, curving, it promptly adapts to a long brow of land. 32. On the bay are the Cimbri and the Teutoni; farther on, the farthest people of Germany, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hermiones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermiones">Hermiones</a>. </dd> <dd> [...] </dd> <dd> 54. The thirty Orcades [Orkney Islands] are separated by narrow spaces between them; the seven Haemodae [Denmark] extend opposite Germany in what we have called Codanus Bay; of the islands there, Scandinavia [sic: the manuscript has <i>Codannavia</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristensen2002256_15-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristensen2002256-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>], which the Teutoni still hold, stands out as much for its size as for its fertility besides. </dd> </dl> <p>Surviving texts based on the work of the geographer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ptolemy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> mentioned both Teutones and "<i>Teutonoaroi</i>" in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germania">Germania</a>, but this is in a part of his text that has become garbled in surviving copies. Gudmund Schütte proposed that the two peoples should be understood as one, but that different versions of works based on that of Ptolemy used literary sources such as Pliny and Mela to place them in different positions somewhere near the Cimbri, in a part of the landscape they did not have good information for – either in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zealand">Zealand</a> or Scandinavia, or else somewhere on the southern Baltic coast.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>According to scholar Stefan Zimmer (2005), since both the name of the Teutones and Crimbri left traces in place names from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jutland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jutland">Jutland</a> (in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thy_(district)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thy (district)"><i>Thy</i></a> and <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Himmerland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Himmerland">Himmerland</a></i>, respectively), "there is no reason to doubt the ancient accounts of the origins of the two tribes".<sup id="cite_ref-RGA_3-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RGA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Cimbrian_War">Cimbrian War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Teutons&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Cimbrian War" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cimbrian_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cimbrian War">Cimbrian War</a> </div> <p>After achieving decisive victories over the Romans at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Noreia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Noreia">Noreia</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Arausio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Arausio">Arausio</a> in 105 BC, the Cimbri and Teutones divided their forces. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaius_Marius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaius Marius">Gaius Marius</a> then defeated them separately in 102 BC and 101 BC respectively, ending the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cimbrian_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cimbrian War">Cimbrian War</a>. The defeat of the Teutones occurred at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Aquae_Sextiae?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Aquae Sextiae">Battle of Aquae Sextiae</a> (near present-day <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aix-en-Provence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a>).</p> <p>According to the writings of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valerius_Maximus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valerius Maximus">Valerius Maximus</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Florus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Florus">Florus</a>, the king of the Teutones, Teutobod, was taken in irons after the Teutones were defeated by the Romans. Under the conditions of the surrender, three hundred married women were to be handed over to the victorious Romans as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concubine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Concubine">concubines</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slave?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave">slaves</a>. When the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matron">matrons</a> of the Teutones heard of this stipulation, they begged the consul that they might instead be allowed to minister in the temples of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ceres_(mythology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ceres (mythology)">Ceres</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venus_(mythology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a>. When their request was denied, the Teutonic women slew their own children. The next morning, all the women were found dead in each other's arms, having strangled each other during the night. Their joint martyrdom passed into Roman legends of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Furor_Teutonicus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Furor Teutonicus">Teutonic fury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Reportedly, some surviving captives participated as the rebelling <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gladiator?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gladiator">gladiators</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Third_Servile_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Third Servile War">Third Servile War</a> of 73-71 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-strauss_18-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-strauss-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Teutons&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Furor_Teutonicus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Furor Teutonicus">Furor Teutonicus</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Teutons&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThompsonDobson2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E._A._Thompson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="E. A. Thompson">Thompson, Edward Arthur</a>; Dobson, John Frederick (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199545568.001.0001/acref-9780199545568-e-6312">"Teutones"</a>. In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simon_Hornblower?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simon Hornblower">Hornblower, Simon</a>; Spawforth, Antony; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esther_Eidinow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esther Eidinow">Eidinow, Esther</a> (eds.). <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Oxford_Classical_Dictionary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oxford Classical Dictionary">The Oxford Classical Dictionary</a></i> (4 ed.). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191735257?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780191735257"><bdi>9780191735257</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Teutones, a Germanic tribe, known chiefly from their migration with the Cimbri...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Teutones&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Classical+Dictionary&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780191735257&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Edward+Arthur&rft.au=Dobson%2C+John+Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199545568.001.0001%2Facref-9780199545568-e-6312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeutons" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-OED-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OED_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OED_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/199961">"Teuton, n."</a> <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>. 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Teuton%2C+n.&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F199961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeutons" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-RGA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-RGA_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-RGA_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-RGA_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmer2005" class="citation book cs1">Zimmer, Stefan (2005). "Teutonen". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.academia.edu/3669028"><i>Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde</i></a>. Vol. 30. De Gruyter. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-406-33733-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/3-406-33733-3"><bdi>3-406-33733-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Teutonen&rft.btitle=Reallexikon+der+Germanischen+Altertumskunde&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=3-406-33733-3&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F3669028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeutons" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-theud-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-theud_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaubrichsWolfram2005" class="citation cs2">Haubrichs, Wolfgang; Wolfram, Herwig (2005), "Theodiscus", <i>Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde</i>, vol. 30, De Gruyter, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-406-33733-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/3-406-33733-3"><bdi>3-406-33733-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theodiscus&rft.btitle=Reallexikon+der+Germanischen+Altertumskunde&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=3-406-33733-3&rft.aulast=Haubrichs&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.au=Wolfram%2C+Herwig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeutons" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldmanMason2006" class="citation book cs1">Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dkfv6HKXErqAC%26q%3DEncyclopedia%2Bof%2BEuropean%2BPeoples"><i>Encyclopedia of European Peoples</i></a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Infobase_Publishing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Infobase Publishing">Infobase Publishing</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">797–</span>798. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/1438129181?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/1438129181"><bdi>1438129181</bdi></a>. <q>The Cimbri are generally believed to have been a tribe of GERMANICS</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+European+Peoples&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E797-%3C%2Fspan%3E798&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1438129181&rft.aulast=Waldman&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.au=Mason%2C+Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkfv6HKXErqAC%26q%3DEncyclopedia%2Bof%2BEuropean%2BPeoples&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeutons" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Hussey-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Hussey_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussey1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joan_M._Hussey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joan M. Hussey">Hussey, Joan Mervyn</a> (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DZus8AAAAIAAJ"><i>The Cambridge Medieval History</i></a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">CUP Archive</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">191–</span>193. <q>It was the Cimbri, along with their allies the Teutones and Ambrones, who for half a score of years kept the world in suspense. All three peoples were doubtless of Germanic stock. We may take it as established that the original home of the Cimbri was on the Jutish peninsula, that of the Teutones somewhere between the Ems and the Weser, and that of the Ambrones in the same neighbourhood, also on the North Sea coast.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Medieval+History&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E191-%3C%2Fspan%3E193&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Hussey&rft.aufirst=Joan+Mervyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZus8AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeutons" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See for example <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPohl2004" class="citation cs2">Pohl, Walter (2004), <i>Die Germanen</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Germanen&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeutons" class="Z3988"></span> p.11: "Erst Caesar ordnete Kimbern und Teutonen den Germanen zu. Die Zeitgenossen hatten in den gefährlichen Nordbarbaren eher die direkten Nachfolger der Gallischen Invasoren um 400 v. Chr. gesehen." p. 51: "Vor Caesar hatten auch die Römer keinen umfassenden Germanenbegriff. In den älteren Quellen werden Kimbern und Teutonen nicht als Germanen bezeichnet, sondern als Kelten, Keltoskythen oder gar Kimmerier."</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strabo <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/strabo/4d*.html">IV.4</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Velleius Paterculus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Velleius_Paterculus/2A*.html">2.12</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1911673-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1911673_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBeck1911">Beck 1911</a>, p. 673.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pliny <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc%3DPerseus:text:1999.02.0137:book%3D4:chapter%3D28%26highlight%3Dteutones">4.28</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plutarch, Marius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc%3DPerseus:text:2008.01.0049:chapter%3D11%26highlight%3Dteutones">ch. 11</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pliny the Elder <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc%3DPerseus:text:1999.02.0137:book%3D37:chapter%3D11%26highlight%3Dteutones">37.11</a>. Modern analysis: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristensen2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arne_S%C3%B8by_Christensen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arne Søby Christensen">Christensen, Arne Søby</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DAcLDHOqOt4cC"><i>Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths</i></a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Museum_Tusculanum_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Museum Tusculanum Press">Museum Tusculanum Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">27–</span>31. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788772897103?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9788772897103"><bdi>9788772897103</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cassiodorus%2C+Jordanes+and+the+History+of+the+Goths&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E31&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9788772897103&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=Arne+S%C3%B8by&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAcLDHOqOt4cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeutons" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReichertTimpe1999" class="citation cs2">Reichert, Hermann; Timpe, Dieter (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.degruyter.com/document/database/GAO/entry/RGA_2132/html">"Guiones"</a>, <i>Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde</i>, vol. 13</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Guiones&rft.btitle=Reallexikon+der+Germanischen+Altertumskunde&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Reichert&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rft.au=Timpe%2C+Dieter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdatabase%2FGAO%2Fentry%2FRGA_2132%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeutons" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPomponius_Mela" class="citation cs2">Pomponius Mela, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015042048507?urlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D121"><i>Pomponius Mela's description of the world</i></a>, translated by Romer, F.E., pp. <span class="nowrap">109–</span>117, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hdl.handle.net/2027%252Fmdp.39015042048507?urlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D121">2027/mdp.39015042048507</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pomponius+Mela%27s+description+of+the+world&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E109-%3C%2Fspan%3E117&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015042048507%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D121&rft.au=Pomponius+Mela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015042048507%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeutons" class="Z3988"></span>. Comments: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFChristensen2002">Christensen 2002</a>, p. 256</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristensen2002256-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristensen2002256_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFChristensen2002">Christensen 2002</a>, p. 256.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchütte1917" class="citation cs2">Schütte, Gudmund (1917), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ptolemysmapsofno00schrich/page/60/mode/2up?q%3Dteutones"><i>Ptolemy's maps of northern Europe, a reconstruction of the prototypes</i></a>, Kjøbenhavn, H. Hagerup, p. 60</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ptolemy%27s+maps+of+northern+Europe%2C+a+reconstruction+of+the+prototypes&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Kj%C3%B8benhavn%2C+H.+Hagerup&rft.date=1917&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%BCtte&rft.aufirst=Gudmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fptolemysmapsofno00schrich%2Fpage%2F60%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dteutones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeutons" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lucius_Annaeus_Florus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Annaeus Florus">Lucius Annaeus Florus</a>, Epitome 1.38.16–17 and Valerius Maximus, Factorum et Dictorum Memorabilium 6.1.ext.3</span></li> <li id="cite_note-strauss-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-strauss_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrauss2009" class="citation book cs1">Strauss, Barry (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/spartacuswar00stra"><i>The Spartacus War</i></a></span>. Simon and Schuster. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/spartacuswar00stra/page/21">21</a>–22. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-3205-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-3205-7"><bdi>978-1-4165-3205-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spartacus+War&rft.pages=21-22&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-3205-7&rft.aulast=Strauss&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspartacuswar00stra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeutons" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <ul> <li>Fick, August, Alf Torp and Hjalmar Falk: <i>Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Indogermanischen Sprachen</i>. Part 3, Wortschatz der Germanischen Spracheinheit. 4. Aufl. (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht), 1909.</li> </ul> <p><b>Attribution:</b></p> <ul> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 13px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Public_domain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Public domain">public domain</a>:  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeck1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Beck, Frederick George Meeson (1911). "<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Britannica/Teutoni" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Teutoni">Teutoni</a>". In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 673.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Teutoni&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=673&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Frederick+George+Meeson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeutons" class="Z3988"></span></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Teutons&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Teutons" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Teutons">Teutons</a></span>. </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Teutones"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%2527s_Reference_Work/Teutones">"Teutones" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%2527s_Reference_Work"><i>The New Student's Reference Work</i> </a></span>. 1914. p. 1895.</cite><span 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src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DTeutons%26oldid%3D1275267149">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teutons&oldid=1275267149</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Teutons&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="FrescoBot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1739320941"> <span>Last edited on 12 February 2025, at 00:42</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutone" title="Teutone – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Teutone" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonen" title="Teutonen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Teutonen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2586" title="توتونيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توتونيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevtonlar" title="Tevtonlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tevtonlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25A8_%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BF" title="টেউটন জাতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টেউটন জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%258D%25D1%259E%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B" title="Тэўтоны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэўтоны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8" title="Тевтони – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тевтони" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutons" title="Teutons – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teutons" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC" title="Тевтонсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тевтонсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutoni" title="Teutoni – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Teutoni" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutones" title="Teutones – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Teutones" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutoner" title="Teutoner – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Teutoner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonen" title="Teutonen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Teutonen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A4%25CE%25B5%25CF%258D%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B5%25CF%2582" title="Τεύτονες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τεύτονες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutones" title="Teutones – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Teutones" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%25C5%25ADtonoj" title="Teŭtonoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Teŭtonoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutoi" title="Teutoi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Teutoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25E2%2580%258C%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7" title="توتون‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توتون‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutons" title="Teutons – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Teutons" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutoanen" title="Teutoanen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Teutoanen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%258A%259C%25ED%2584%25B4%25EC%25A1%25B1" title="튜턴족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="튜턴족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258F%25D6%2587%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B6%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580" title="Տևտոններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տևտոններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25A8_%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2581" title="त्यूतन जातियाँ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="त्यूतन जातियाँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonci" title="Teutonci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Teutonci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teuton" title="Teuton – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teuton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutoni" title="Teutoni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Teutoni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%2595%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%259D_(%25D7%25A9%25D7%2591%25D7%2598_%25D7%25A2%25D7%25AA%25D7%2599%25D7%25A7)" title="טווטונים (שבט עתיק) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טווטונים (שבט עתיק)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2598" title="ტევტონები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტევტონები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Тевтондар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тевтондар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonok" title="Teutonok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Teutonok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonen" title="Teutonen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Teutonen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2586%25E3%2582%25A6%25E3%2583%2588%25E3%2583%258D%25E3%2582%25B9%25E6%2597%258F" title="テウトネス族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テウトネス族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonere" title="Teutonere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Teutonere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevtonlar" title="Tevtonlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tevtonlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutoni" title="Teutoni – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Teutoni" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teut%25C3%25B5es" title="Teutões – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Teutões" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutoni" title="Teutoni – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Teutoni" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B" title="Тевтоны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тевтоны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teuton%25C3%25ABt" title="Teutonët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Teutonët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teut%25C3%25B3ni_(kme%25C5%2588)" title="Teutóni (kmeň) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Teutóni (kmeň)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevtoni" title="Tevtoni – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tevtoni" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Тевтонци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тевтонци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonci" title="Teutonci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Teutonci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonit" title="Teutonit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teutonit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutoner" title="Teutoner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Teutoner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Тевтоннар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тевтоннар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B6tonlar" title="Tötonlar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tötonlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8" title="Тевтони – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тевтони" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259D%25A1%25E9%25A1%25BF%25E4%25BA%25BA" title="条顿人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="条顿人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 12 February 2025, at 00:42<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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