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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marshall Rosenbluth</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB" title="مارشال روسينبلوث – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارشال روسينبلوث" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="マーシャル・ローゼンブルース – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マーシャル・ローゼンブルース" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Rosenbluth" title="Marshall Rosenbluth – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marshall Rosenbluth" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Rosenbluth" title="Marshall Rosenbluth – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Marshall Rosenbluth" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Rosenbluth" title="Marshall Rosenbluth – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marshall Rosenbluth" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Marshall Rosenbluth</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Marshall_Rosenbluth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Marshall_Rosenbluth.jpg/220px-Marshall_Rosenbluth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Marshall_Rosenbluth.jpg/330px-Marshall_Rosenbluth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Marshall_Rosenbluth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="469" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Rosenbluth in 1994</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1927-02-05</span>)</span>February 5, 1927<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 28, 2003<span style="display:none">(2003-09-28)</span> (aged 76)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego, California</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/B._S." class="mw-redirect" title="B. S.">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma Physics">Plasma Physics</a><br /> Rosenbluth potentials <br /><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_algorithm" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolis algorithm">Metropolis algorithm</a> <br />Rosenbluth formula</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arianna_W._Rosenbluth" title="Arianna W. Rosenbluth">Arianna Rosenbluth</a><br /> Sara Rosenbluth</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>E.O. Lawrence Prize <small>(1964)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_Award" title="Albert Einstein Award">Albert Einstein Award</a> <small>(1967)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics" title="James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics">James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics</a> <small>(1976)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi_Award" title="Enrico Fermi Award">Enrico Fermi Award</a> <small>(1985)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n_Prize" title="Hannes Alfvén Prize">Hannes Alfvén Prize</a> <small>(2002)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics" title="General Atomics">General Atomics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="UC San Diego">UC San Diego</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Marshall Nicholas Rosenbluth</b> (5 February 1927 – 28 September 2003) was an <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Plasma_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma Physics">plasma physicist</a> and member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997 he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> for discoveries in controlled thermonuclear fusion, contributions to <a href="/wiki/Plasma_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma physics">plasma physics</a>, and work in computational <a href="/wiki/Statistical_mechanics" title="Statistical mechanics">statistical mechanics</a>. He was also a recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">E.O. Lawrence</a> Prize (1964), the <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_Award" title="Albert Einstein Award">Albert Einstein Award</a> (1967), the <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics" title="James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics">James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics</a> (1976), the <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi_Award" title="Enrico Fermi Award">Enrico Fermi Award</a> (1985), and the <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n_Prize" title="Hannes Alfvén Prize">Hannes Alfvén Prize</a> (2002). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marshall_Rosenbluth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rosenbluth was born into a Jewish family<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and graduated from <a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_High_School" title="Stuyvesant High School">Stuyvesant High School</a> in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did his undergraduate study at Harvard, graduating in 1946 (B.S., <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a>), despite also serving in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> (1944–46) during this period. He received his Ph.D. in 1949 from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marshall_Rosenbluth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his first post-doctoral position at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> (1949–1950), he derived the <i>Rosenbluth formula</i>, which was the basis of the analysis used by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a> in his Nobel prize-winning experimental investigation of <a href="/wiki/Electron_scattering" title="Electron scattering">electron scattering</a>. Hofstadter refers to this in his 1961 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Lecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Lecture">Nobel Lecture</a>: "This behavior can be understood in terms of the theoretical scattering law developed by M. Rosenbluth in 1950". </p><p>In 1950 his doctoral advisor <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who is considered the father of the <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen bomb">hydrogen bomb</a>, recruited Rosenbluth to work at <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rosenbluth maintained this position until 1956. The research he conducted at Los Alamos led to the development of the H-bomb. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... Rosenbluth went to the <a href="/wiki/Ivy_Mike" title="Ivy Mike">South Pacific to prepare for the first H-bomb test</a>. He had trouble sleeping, and was pondering the bomb design when he realised the scientists had made a calculating error that could result in a dud. The flaw was remedied by modifying the detonator, and the bomb vaporised a <a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">mile</a>-wide island with a power 700 times greater than that of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima</a> in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 1953, Rosenbluth derived the <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_algorithm" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolis algorithm">Metropolis algorithm</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on generating a <a href="/wiki/Markov_chain" title="Markov chain">Markov chain</a> which sampled fluid configurations according to the <a href="/wiki/Boltzmann_distribution" title="Boltzmann distribution">Boltzmann distribution</a>. This algorithm was first presented in the paper "<a href="/wiki/Equation_of_State_Calculations_by_Fast_Computing_Machines" title="Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines">Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> coauthored with his wife <a href="/wiki/Arianna_Rosenbluth" class="mw-redirect" title="Arianna Rosenbluth">Arianna Rosenbluth</a> (who wrote the first computer program to implement the method), <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Metropolis" title="Nicholas Metropolis">Nicholas Metropolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augusta_H._Teller" title="Augusta H. Teller">Augusta H. Teller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a>. This now-famous paper was cited in <i>Computing in Science and Engineering</i> as being among the top 10 algorithms having the "greatest influence on the development and practice of science and engineering in the 20th century."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and Arianna subsequently introduced the configurational-bias Monte Carlo method for simulating polymers.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the late 1950s, Rosenbluth turned his attention to the burgeoning discipline of plasma physics and quickly laid the foundation for many avenues of research in the field, particularly the theory of <a href="/wiki/Plasma_instabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma instabilities">plasma instabilities</a>. Although he continued to work on plasma physics for the remainder of his career, he often made forays into other fields. For example, around 1980, he and coworkers produced a detailed analysis of the <a href="/wiki/Free_electron_laser" class="mw-redirect" title="Free electron laser">free electron laser</a>, indicating how its spectral intensity can be optimized. </p><p>In 1956, Rosenbluth left Los Alamos to join an atomic energy firm, General Atomics. In 1960, while still employed with General Atomics he joined the faculty of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California at San Diego</a>. Later, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a> in <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton, New Jersey</a> (1967). In 1980, he went to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>. He then went back to University of California at San Diego in 1987. In 1993, he retired from UCSD became the chief scientist of the central team for the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor, where he worked until 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He maintained a high productivity rate throughout his entire career. Indeed, only a few years before his death, Rosenbluth discovered the existence of residual flows (so-called <i>Rosenbluth-Hinton flows</i>), a key result for understanding turbulence in <a href="/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak">tokamaks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_information">Additional information</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marshall_Rosenbluth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Additional information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon his retirement, he took on the responsibility of chief scientist of the Central Team for the <a href="/wiki/ITER" title="ITER">International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor</a> (ITER) until 1999. Rosenbluth also served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/JASON_Defense_Advisory_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="JASON Defense Advisory Group">JASON Defense Advisory Group</a>. </p><p>Rosenbluth was affectionately known as the <i>Pope of Plasma Physics</i> in reference to his deep understanding of the field.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marshall_Rosenbluth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Arianna_W._Rosenbluth" title="Arianna W. Rosenbluth">Arianna Rosenbluth</a> was his first wife; they were married in 1951, while he was at Stanford. They had four children together. They later divorced; he married Sara Rosenbluth (formerly Sara Unger), an artist and educator in 1980, and they were together until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marshall_Rosenbluth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/51071.html">"M. N. Rosenbluth"</a>. <i>www.nasonline.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nasonline.org&rft.atitle=M.+N.+Rosenbluth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fmember-directory%2Fdeceased-members%2F51071.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarshall+Rosenbluth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Marshall+N.+Rosenbluth&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DMarshall%2BN.%2BRosenbluth%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarshall+Rosenbluth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinfo.org/Physicists.html">"Jewish Physicists"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jewish+Physicists&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinfo.org%2FPhysicists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarshall+Rosenbluth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarry_R._FaulknerSue_Alexander_Greninger2004" class="citation web cs1">Larry R. Faulkner; Sue Alexander Greninger (2004-09-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utexas.edu/faculty/council/2004-2005/memorials/rosenbluth/rosenbluth.html">"In Memoriam - Marshall N. Rosenbluth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UT_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="UT Austin">UT Austin</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Memoriam+-+Marshall+N.+Rosenbluth&rft.pub=UT+Austin&rft.date=2004-09-24&rft.au=Larry+R.+Faulkner&rft.au=Sue+Alexander+Greninger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utexas.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fcouncil%2F2004-2005%2Fmemorials%2Frosenbluth%2Frosenbluth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarshall+Rosenbluth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Segrè and B. Hoerlin, The Pope of Physics, Picador 2016, pp. 268</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11608036.html">"Rosenbluth, M. N."</a> <i>history.aip.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Rosenbluth%2C+M.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11608036.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarshall+Rosenbluth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Teller, Edward, The Work of Many People, Science, New Series, Vol. 121, No. 3139 (Feb. 25, 1955), pp. 267-275, page 271</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright,_Pearce2003" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pearce_Wright" title="Pearce Wright">Wright, Pearce</a> (4 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/oct/04/guardianobituaries.highereducation1">"Obituary. Marshall Rosenbluth"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Obituary.+Marshall+Rosenbluth&rft.date=2003-10-04&rft.au=Wright%2C+Pearce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2003%2Foct%2F04%2Fguardianobituaries.highereducation1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarshall+Rosenbluth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ.E._Gubernatis2005" class="citation journal cs1">J.E. Gubernatis (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1231899">"Marshall Rosenbluth and the Metropolis Algorithm"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Physics_of_Plasmas" title="Physics of Plasmas">Physics of Plasmas</a></i>. <b>12</b> (5): 057303. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PhPl...12e7303G">2005PhPl...12e7303G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1887186">10.1063/1.1887186</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+of+Plasmas&rft.atitle=Marshall+Rosenbluth+and+the+Metropolis+Algorithm&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=057303&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1887186&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005PhPl...12e7303G&rft.au=J.E.+Gubernatis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1231899&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarshall+Rosenbluth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetropolisRosenbluthRosenbluthTeller1953" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Metropolis" title="Nicholas Metropolis">Metropolis, N.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Arianna_W._Rosenbluth" title="Arianna W. Rosenbluth">Rosenbluth, A.W.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Marshall_N._Rosenbluth" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshall N. Rosenbluth">Rosenbluth, M.N.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Augusta_H._Teller" title="Augusta H. Teller">Teller, A.H.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Teller, E.</a> (1953). <a href="/wiki/Equation_of_State_Calculations_by_Fast_Computing_Machines" title="Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines">"Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Chemical_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Chemical Physics">Journal of Chemical Physics</a></i>. <b>21</b> (6): 1087–1092. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953JChPh..21.1087M">1953JChPh..21.1087M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1699114">10.1063/1.1699114</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4390578">4390578</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1046577">1046577</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Physics&rft.atitle=Equation+of+State+Calculations+by+Fast+Computing+Machines&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1087-1092&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1699114&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1046577%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F4390578%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1953JChPh..21.1087M&rft.aulast=Metropolis&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Rosenbluth%2C+A.W.&rft.au=Rosenbluth%2C+M.N.&rft.au=Teller%2C+A.H.&rft.au=Teller%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarshall+Rosenbluth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFI._Beichl_and_F._Sullivan2000" class="citation journal cs1">I. Beichl and F. Sullivan (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1232185">"The Metropolis Algorithm"</a>. <i>Computing in Science and Engineering</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 65–69. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000CSE.....2a..65B">2000CSE.....2a..65B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2F5992.814660">10.1109/5992.814660</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42433198">42433198</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computing+in+Science+and+Engineering&rft.atitle=The+Metropolis+Algorithm&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=65-69&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42433198%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2F5992.814660&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000CSE.....2a..65B&rft.au=I.+Beichl+and+F.+Sullivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1232185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarshall+Rosenbluth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbluthRosenbluth1955" class="citation journal cs1">Rosenbluth, Marshall N.; Rosenbluth, Arianna W. (1955-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1741967">"Monte Carlo Calculation of the Average Extension of Molecular Chains"</a>. <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>. <b>23</b> (2): 356–359. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955JChPh..23..356R">1955JChPh..23..356R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1741967">10.1063/1.1741967</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9606">0021-9606</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Chemical+Physics&rft.atitle=Monte+Carlo+Calculation+of+the+Average+Extension+of+Molecular+Chains&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=356-359&rft.date=1955-02-01&rft.issn=0021-9606&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1741967&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1955JChPh..23..356R&rft.aulast=Rosenbluth&rft.aufirst=Marshall+N.&rft.au=Rosenbluth%2C+Arianna+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1063%252F1.1741967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarshall+Rosenbluth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812142140/http://server16.websitehostserver.net/~patandme/UTPhysicsHistoryDW/MarshallNRosenbluth.html">"UTPhysicsHistorySite: Letter from Larry S. Faulkner, President of University of Texas-Austin"</a>. 2017-08-12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://server16.websitehostserver.net/~patandme/UTPhysicsHistoryDW/MarshallNRosenbluth.html">the original</a> on 2017-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UTPhysicsHistorySite%3A+Letter+from+Larry+S.+Faulkner%2C+President+of+University+of+Texas-Austin&rft.date=2017-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fserver16.websitehostserver.net%2F~patandme%2FUTPhysicsHistoryDW%2FMarshallNRosenbluth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarshall+Rosenbluth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamondGoldbergerSagdeevBerk2004" class="citation journal cs1">Diamond, Patrick H.; Goldberger, Marvin L.; Sagdeev, Roald Z.; Berk, Herbert L. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article/57/11/81/1016719/Marshall-Nicholas-Rosenbluth">"Marshall Nicholas Rosenbluth"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Physics_Today" title="Physics Today">Physics Today</a></i>. <b>57</b> (11): 81–82. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PhT....57k..81D">2004PhT....57k..81D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1839386">10.1063/1.1839386</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=Marshall+Nicholas+Rosenbluth&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=81-82&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1839386&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004PhT....57k..81D&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Patrick+H.&rft.au=Goldberger%2C+Marvin+L.&rft.au=Sagdeev%2C+Roald+Z.&rft.au=Berk%2C+Herbert+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.aip.org%2Fphysicstoday%2Farticle%2F57%2F11%2F81%2F1016719%2FMarshall-Nicholas-Rosenbluth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarshall+Rosenbluth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbluthHinton1998" class="citation journal cs1">Rosenbluth, M. N.; Hinton, F. L. (1998-01-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.724">"Poloidal Flow Driven by Ion-Temperature-Gradient Turbulence in Tokamaks"</a>. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>80</b> (4): 724–727. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998PhRvL..80..724R">1998PhRvL..80..724R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.80.724">10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.724</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Poloidal+Flow+Driven+by+Ion-Temperature-Gradient+Turbulence+in+Tokamaks&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=724-727&rft.date=1998-01-26&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.80.724&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998PhRvL..80..724R&rft.aulast=Rosenbluth&rft.aufirst=M.+N.&rft.au=Hinton%2C+F.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.aps.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.80.724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarshall+Rosenbluth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim A. McDonald, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/5780">Nuclear Fusion Pioneer At UC San Diego Dies At 76</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110323120425/http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/5780">Archived</a> 2011-03-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, obituary at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> website. Retrieved 2008-07-08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyson2006" class="citation journal cs1">Dyson, Freeman (Jun 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/220909545">"Marshall N. Rosenbluth"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</i>. <b>150</b> (2): 403–407. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/220909545">220909545</a> – via ProQuest.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=Marshall+N.+Rosenbluth&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=403-407&rft.date=2006-06&rft.aulast=Dyson&rft.aufirst=Freeman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F220909545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarshall+Rosenbluth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812142140/http://server16.websitehostserver.net/~patandme/UTPhysicsHistoryDW/MarshallNRosenbluth.html">"UTPhysicsHistorySite"</a>. 2017-08-12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://server16.websitehostserver.net/~patandme/UTPhysicsHistoryDW/MarshallNRosenbluth.html">the original</a> on 2017-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UTPhysicsHistorySite&rft.date=2017-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fserver16.websitehostserver.net%2F~patandme%2FUTPhysicsHistoryDW%2FMarshallNRosenbluth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarshall+Rosenbluth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marshall_Rosenbluth&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>J.W. Van Dam (Ed), <i>From Particles to Plasmas: Lectures Honoring Marshall N. Rosenbluth</i>, <a href="/wiki/Addison_Wesley" class="mw-redirect" title="Addison Wesley">Addison Wesley</a> (1989) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-15680-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-15680-6">0-201-15680-6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marshall_Rosenbluth&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/oral-histories/marshall-rosenbluths-interview">1994 Audio Interview with Marshall Rosenbluth by Richard Rhodes</a> Voices of the Manhattan Project</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utexas.edu/faculty/council/2004-2005/memorials/rosenbluth/rosenbluth.html">University of Texas Memorial Text</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libraries.ucsd.edu/speccoll/findingaids/mss0670.html">Marshall N. Rosenbluth Papers</a> MSS 670. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libraries.ucsd.edu/collections/sca/">Special Collections & Archives</a>, UC San Diego Library.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050407184709/http://web.gat.com/awards/rosenbluth_award/rosenbluth.html">Rosenbluth Award</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd 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Fortov</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Connor" class="mw-redirect" title="John William Connor">John Connor</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_James_Hastie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert James Hastie (page does not exist)">Robert J. Hastie</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_James_Hastie" class="extiw" title="de:Robert James Hastie">de</a>]</span> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bryan_Taylor" title="John Bryan Taylor">John Bryan Taylor</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Haines" title="Malcolm Haines">Malcolm Haines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._L._Sanford" title="Thomas W. L. Sanford">Tom Sanford</a> / <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Panteleimonovich_Smirnov" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentin Panteleimonovich Smirnov">Valentin Smirnov</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri_Rebut" title="Paul-Henri Rebut">Paul-Henri Rebut</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wagner" title="Friedrich Wagner">Friedrich Wagner</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Chen_(physicist)" title="Liu Chen (physicist)">Liu Chen</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Meyer-ter-Vehn" title="Jürgen Meyer-ter-Vehn">Jürgen Meyer-ter-Vehn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010–2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Allen_Boozer" title="Allen Boozer">Allen Boozer</a> / <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_N%C3%BChrenberg" title="Jürgen Nührenberg">Jürgen Nührenberg</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_H._Diamond" title="Patrick H. Diamond">Patrick Diamond</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Hasegawa" title="Akira Hasegawa">Akira Hasegawa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kunioki_Mima" title="Kunioki Mima">Kunioki Mima</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Miklos_Porkolab" title="Miklos Porkolab">Miklos Porkolab</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Mora" title="Patrick Mora">Patrick Mora</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_J._Fisch" title="Nathaniel J. Fisch">Nathaniel J. Fisch</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Sergei_V._Bulanov" title="Sergei V. Bulanov">Sergei Bulanov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Zohm" title="Hartmut Zohm">Hartmut Zohm</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Ksenia_Aleksandrovna_Razumova" title="Ksenia Aleksandrovna Razumova">Ksenia Razumova</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bell_(physicist)" title="Tony Bell (physicist)">Tony Bell</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Malka" title="Victor Malka">Victor Malka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshiki_Tajima" title="Toshiki Tajima">Toshiki Tajima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Annick_Pouquet" title="Annick Pouquet">Annick Pouquet</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergei_Igorevich_Krasheninnikov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergei Igorevich Krasheninnikov (page does not exist)">Sergei Krasheninnikov</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Garbet" title="Xavier Garbet">Xavier Garbet</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisin_Chen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pisin Chen (page does not exist)">Pisin Chen</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Benjamin_Rosenzweig" title="James Benjamin Rosenzweig">James Rosenzweig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chandrashekhar_J._Joshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekhar J. Joshi">Chandrashekhar J. Joshi</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCnde_F%C3%BCl%C3%B6p&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tünde Fülöp (page does not exist)">Tünde Fülöp</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCnde_F%C3%BCl%C3%B6p" class="extiw" title="sv:Tünde Fülöp">sv</a>]</span> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Per_Helander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Per Helander (page does not exist)">Per Helander</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_Helander" class="extiw" title="de:Per Helander">de</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics_recipients" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics_recipients" title="Template:James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics recipients"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics_recipients" title="Template talk:James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics recipients"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics_recipients" title="Special:EditPage/Template:James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics recipients"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics_recipients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics" title="James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics">James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics</a> recipients</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a></li> <li>1976: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marshall Rosenbluth</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/John_M._Dawson" title="John M. Dawson">John M. Dawson</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Post" title="Richard F. Post">Richard F. Post</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Tihiro_Ohkawa" title="Tihiro Ohkawa">Tihiro Ohkawa</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Stix" title="Thomas H. Stix">Thomas H. Stix</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/John_Nuckolls" title="John Nuckolls">John Nuckolls</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Ira_B._Bernstein" title="Ira B. Bernstein">Ira B. Bernstein</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Harold_F%C3%BCrth" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Fürth">Harold Fürth</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Donald_William_Kerst" title="Donald William Kerst">Donald W. Kerst</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/John_H._Malmberg" title="John H. Malmberg">John H. Malmberg</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Grad" title="Harold Grad">Harold Grad</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Coppi" title="Bruno Coppi">Bruno Coppi</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rostoker" title="Norman Rostoker">Norman Rostoker</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Ravindra_N._Sudan" title="Ravindra N. Sudan">Ravindra N. Sudan</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/William_L._Kruer" title="William L. Kruer">William L. Kruer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Hans_R._Griem" title="Hans R. Griem">Hans R. Griem</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/John_M._Greene" title="John M. Greene">John M. Greene</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Russell_Kulsrud" title="Russell Kulsrud">Russell Kulsrud</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Roy_W._Gould" title="Roy W. Gould">Roy W. Gould</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Francis_F._Chen" title="Francis F. Chen">Francis F. Chen</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Michael_O%27Neil" title="Thomas Michael O'Neil">Thomas M. O'Neil</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennel" title="Charles Kennel">Charles Kennel</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Kadomtsev" title="Boris Kadomtsev">Boris Kadomtsev</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/John_Bryan_Taylor" title="John Bryan Taylor">John B. Taylor</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Akira_Hasegawa" title="Akira Hasegawa">Akira Hasegawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Roald_Sagdeev" title="Roald Sagdeev">Roald Sagdeev</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Frieman" title="Edward A. Frieman">Edward A. Frieman</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Noah_Hershkowitz" title="Noah Hershkowitz">Noah Hershkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Valery_Godyak" title="Valery Godyak">Valery Godyak</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_J._Fisch" title="Nathaniel J. Fisch">Nathaniel J. Fisch</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Chandrashekhar_J._Joshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekhar J. Joshi">Chandrashekhar J. Joshi</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/John_Lindl" title="John Lindl">John Lindl</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_C._Davidson" title="Ronald C. Davidson">Ronald C. Davidson</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Miklos_Porkolab" title="Miklos Porkolab">Miklos Porkolab</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/James_F._Drake" title="James F. Drake">James F. Drake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Morfill" title="Gregor Morfill">Gregor Morfill</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Chen_(physicist)" title="Liu Chen (physicist)">Liu Chen</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Sprangle" title="Phillip Sprangle">Phillip Sprangle</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Surko" title="Clifford Surko">Clifford Surko</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Masaaki_Yamada" title="Masaaki Yamada">Masaaki Yamada</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Gould_Zweibel" title="Ellen Gould Zweibel">Ellen G. Zweibel</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Ryutov" title="Dmitri Ryutov">Dmitri Ryutov</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Keith_Burrell" title="Keith Burrell">Keith Burrell</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/William_H._Matthaeus" title="William H. Matthaeus">William H. Matthaeus</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Warren_B._Mori" title="Warren B. Mori">Warren B. Mori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_G._Kivelson" title="Margaret G. Kivelson">Margaret G. Kivelson</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Amitava_Bhattacharjee_(physicist)" title="Amitava Bhattacharjee (physicist)">Amitava Bhattacharjee</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Antonsen_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas M. Antonsen Jr.">Thomas M. Antonsen Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930787#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930787#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" 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href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03213926?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:rosenbluth.marshall-n">zbMATH</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118975668.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/075045346">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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