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Du danger d’adopter le vocabulaire caricatural et stigmatisant des États-Unis en politique canadienne et québécoise | Le Devoir

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Elle anime le balado «Détours pour Canadaland».</p> <time datetime="2024-11-28 00:00:00" class="clair">Publié à 0h00</time> <time datetime="2024-11-28 08:51:25">Mis à jour à 8h51</time> <strong class="article-type turquoise">Chronique</strong> <nav class="category-nav"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a href="/opinion/chroniques"><span>Chroniques</span></a></li> </ul> </nav> <ul class="social list-unstyled hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <li class="tw"><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Caricaturer+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ledevoir.com%2Fopinion%2Fchroniques%2F824523%2Fchronique-caricaturer" target="_blank"><span class="normal"><svg width="1200" height="1227" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 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Quelques jours plus tard, une partie de la classe politique tentait de faire porter la responsabilité de la « casse » et de la « violence » à Montréal sur la plus importante mobilisation sociale de la dernière année, soit la cause palestinienne. Aurais-je réveillé un mauvais génie ? Soyons clairs : quand je regrettais notre jeunesse envolée, ce n’était pas de ça que je m’ennuyais.</p><p>Lundi, <a href="https://www.ledevoir.com/yves-francois-blanchet">Yves-François Blanchet</a> mettait la « violence » sur le dos du « multiculturalisme canadien » et de l’« importation des conflits », pendant que <a href="https://www.ledevoir.com/pierre-poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a> pointait du doigt « les politiques wokes de <a href="https://www.ledevoir.com/justin-trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> » et s’imaginait d’emblée que les responsables de la casse étaient des « étrangers » à « expulser ». La première question que je me pose, c’est : se croient-ils eux-mêmes ?</p><p>Parce que ce n’est pas comme si le phénomène du Black Bloc était nouveau. Le groupe anarchiste et anticapitaliste prônait déjà le bris matériel comme moyen d’escalade des conflits politiques… en 2012. Lorsque les journalistes demandaient aux porte-parole de la CLASSE de « condamner la violence », c’était parce que les leaders étudiants étaient déjà pris avec <i>la même gang</i>. N’importe qui qui dispose d’un iota d’expérience en manifestations à Montréal — ce qui inclut, Dieu merci, <a href="https://www.ledevoir.com/valerie-plante">Valérie Plante</a> et Fady Dagher — <i>le sait très bien</i>.</p><p>Lorsque le Black Bloc s’immisçait dans des manifestations majoritairement blanches, personne ne parlait d’expulsion. Enfin, <a href="https://www.ledevoir.com/jean-charest">Jean Charest</a> a bien parlé une fois d’offrir des emplois aux jeunes « dans le Nord, autant que possible ». Mais on voit bien, avec cette mauvaise blague qui est passée dans les annales, qu’on était à des années-lumière de la rhétorique politique actuelle.</p><p>Je salue d’ailleurs la lucidité remarquable d’Hélène Buzzetti, en ondes, mercredi, à <i>Midi info</i>. « Ça me fait avoir une petite pensée pour Haroun Bouazzi, quand je lis à ce sujet. De toute évidence, ici, oui, il y a une certaine construction de l’Autre », a-t-elle avancé au micro d’Alec Castonguay, « parce que moi, je n’ai vu aucune preuve que les manifestants avaient un quelconque statut migratoire ».</p><p>C’est là que le bât blesse le plus, avec cette histoire de « wokes », « <a href="https://www.ledevoir.com/woke">wokisme</a> », « wokitude », et « anti-wokisme » : il s’agit d’un vocabulaire caricatural qui nous est venu tout droit des États-Unis, soit une société beaucoup plus grande que la nôtre et beaucoup plus ségréguée socialement. Quand on adopte le vocabulaire caricatural et stigmatisant des États-Unis en politique canadienne et québécoise, il est beaucoup plus facile pour la population de sentir le mauvais jeu de théâtre, voire la malhonnêteté.</p><p>Un exemple. Lorsque <a href="https://www.ledevoir.com/paul-st-pierre-plamondon">Paul St-Pierre Plamondon</a> a cofondé l’organisme de mobilisation jeunesse Génération d’idées en 2007, il s’est positionné en « leader » des 20-35 ans alors qu’il avait lui-même déjà 30 ans. Même si nous avons 11 ans de différence, mes souvenirs d’interactions sporadiques avec PSPP remontent donc à au moins 2010. L’homme a eu un ascendant sur beaucoup de « jeunes engagés » de ma génération : nous le voyons aller depuis plus de 15 ans.</p><p>La première fois que j’ai écouté Paul à l’Assemblée nationale, c’était en décembre 2012, alors qu’il était <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6spm-YPr3g" notaddlevel="true" target="_blank">lieutenant-gouverneur de notre Parlement jeunesse</a>. Il nous avait fait cette « mise en garde » : « Si vous êtes ici car vous croyez que votre implication politique peut servir à une amélioration de votre société, ou si vous êtes ici simplement parce qu’il y a une cause qui vous tient à coeur et vous voulez faire avancer cette cause-là, ne soyez pas dupes : les changements sociaux sont longs et pénibles. La persévérance est une composante essentielle du changement social que vous visez. »</p><p>Nous avions discuté de son discours le soir même. Et j’ai écouté les conseils de Paul : je suis restée très persévérante pour faire avancer les causes qui me tiennent à coeur.</p><p>Lorsque j’ai lancé avec des amis, au printemps 2016, la campagne pour une commission sur le racisme systémique, j’ai tout de suite demandé et obtenu <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsF8AmKDoW0" notaddlevel="true" target="_blank">le soutien des orphelins politiques</a>, dont Paul était encore la figure de proue. Et lorsque Paul s’est lancé dans la course à la chefferie du <a href="https://www.ledevoir.com/parti-quebecois">Parti québécois</a>, en juin 2016, je suis allée obtenir son appui à notre campagne, ainsi que celui d’Alexandre Cloutier.</p><p>Pour en discuter, j’avais donné rendez-vous à PSPP avec mon co-porte-parole, Haroun Bouazzi. J’ai vu tout de suite la bonne entente entre les deux hommes d’à peu près le même âge. C’est donc Haroun qui a maintenu les liens avec Paul par la suite.</p><p>Le candidat à la chefferie du PQ parlait alors de la « charte des valeurs » comme d’une source de « perte de confiance » envers le parti. « Le PQ, dont la mission était jadis de mettre fin aux injustices, a renié ses valeurs de tolérance et de service de la démocratie. Certains groupes de Québécois se sont sentis définitivement exclus de l’identité québécoise », avait-il <a href="https://www.ledevoir.com/non-classe/472446/redonnons-le-pq-a-tous-les-quebecois?utm_source=recirculation&utm_medium=hyperlien&utm_campaign=corps_texte" notaddlevel="true" target="_blank">écrit en ces pages</a>. Il croyait alors que le PQ devait « mettre une croix non équivoque sur l’épisode de la charte des valeurs, notamment en devenant le leader en matière de prévention du racisme ».</p><p>Cet été-là, Paul a fait la pédagogie de ce qu’est le racisme systémique lors d’<a href="https://fb.watch/w7fq2dcUmM/" notaddlevel="true" target="_blank">un débat avec Mathieu Bock-Côté</a>. Lorsque <a href="https://www.ledevoir.com/jean-francois-lis%C3%A9e">Jean-François Lisée</a> a remporté cette course à la chefferie, en octobre 2016, il a chargé Paul St-Pierre Plamondon de la consultation Osez repenser le PQ. Puisque je travaillais toujours sur la coalition contre le racisme systémique avec Haroun Bouazzi, je sais très bien que les deux hommes se parlaient régulièrement au téléphone, et même par une session de travail en personne. Même qu’Haroun a travaillé avec Paul certaines des idées sur la lutte contre le racisme qui se sont retrouvées dans le document présenté à mon désormais collègue Jean-François Lisée au printemps 2017.</p><p>J’en reviens donc à ma définition première du « wokisme » : une caricature qui sonne <i>faux, très très fau</i><i>x</i>, surtout dans un Québec très petit, <i>trop petit</i>, pour qu’on puisse ainsi se stigmatiser et se caricaturer les uns les autres sans sonner <i>très faux</i>.</p><p>J’espère que vous comprenez mieux pourquoi ce qui me frappe le plus, en observant tant Ottawa que Québec ces derniers jours, c’est le manque de<i> candeur</i>.</p> <div class="extra_texte"> <p class="encadre-opinion">Ce texte fait partie de notre section Opinion, qui favorise une pluralité des voix et des idées. Il s’agit d’une chronique et, à ce titre, elle reflète les valeurs et la position de son auteur et pas nécessairement celles du <em>Devoir</em>.</p> </div> <div class="piano-suggest"></div> <div class="hidden-print read-also"> <h4>À voir en vidéo</h4> <span class="extra_texte"><script src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/nGSyegM3-2OcidoSu.js?search=__CONTEXTUAL__"></script></span> </div> </div> <div id="cdn-component-commentsShortcut" class="cdn-component" data-component="commentsShortcut" data-article_id="824523"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-14 col-sm-7 col-md-5 col-lg-4 hidden-xs hidden-print flex-sm"> <aside class="flex-sm flex-col"> <div class="flex-1"> <div class="pub pub-sticky bigbox"> <!-- ZP:D1 --> <div id="D1" class="pub"> <div align="center"> <div data-m32-ad data-options='{"sizes":"[[300,250],[300,600]]","sizeMapping":"[[[0,0],[[0,0]]], [[768,0],[[300,250],[300,600]]]]","dfpId":"21658289790,340432006","dfpAdUnitPath":"le.devoir/opinions","kv":{"zone":"D1"}}'></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cdn-component-popularArticles" class="cdn-component" data-component="popularArticles" > </div> <div class="flex-1"> <div class="pub-sticky"> <div class="pub bigbox"></div> <div id="cdn-component-newsletter" class="cdn-component" data-component="newsletter" > </div> <div class="pub bigbox"> <!-- ZP:D3 --> <div id="D3" class="pub"> <div align="center"> <div data-m32-dynamic-ad data-options='{"sizes":"[[300,250],[300,600]]","sizeMapping":"[[[0,0],[[0,0]]], [[768,0],[[300,250],[300,600]]]]","dfpId":"21658289790,340432006","dfpAdUnitPath":"le.devoir/opinions","kv":{"zone":"D3"}}'></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pub bigbox"></div> </aside> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-14"> <aside class="suggested-content category"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-14 col-sm-8 col-md-9"> <div class="stories-same-section"> <div class="row piano-chroniques"></div> </div> <div class="stories-keywords"> <section class="mots-cles dodger-blue"> <strong>Mots clés</strong> <a href="/motcle/politique-canadienne">politique canadienne</a>, <a href="/motcle/politique-quebecoise">politique québécoise</a>, <a href="/paul-st-pierre-plamondon">Paul St-Pierre Plamondon</a>, <a href="/motcle/racisme-systemique">racisme systémique</a>, <a href="/woke">woke</a>, <a href="/motcle/haroun-bouazzi">Haroun Bouazzi</a> </section> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-14 col-sm-6 col-md-5"> <!-- ARTICLES LES PLUS POPULAIRES --> <div class="dodger-blue"> <section class="most-popular vertical"> <h3>Les plus populaires</h3> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="west-side"> <a href="/societe/education/824563/association-etudiante-reclame-destitution-pauline-marois-uqam"> <span class="nb">1</span> <span class="mptitle">Une association étudiante réclame la «destitution» de Pauline Marois à l’UQAM</span> </a> </li> <li class="red-violet"> <a href="/culture/824503/dominique-lemieux-conceptrice-nombre-costumes-cirque-soleil-est-plus"> <span class="nb">2</span> <span class="mptitle">Dominique Lemieux, conceptrice de costumes pour le Cirque du Soleil, n’est plus</span> </a> </li> <li class="electric-violet"> <a href="/monde/etats-unis/824535/je-veux-trump-militarise-frontiere-nord"> <span class="nb">3</span> <span class="mptitle">«Je veux que Trump militarise la frontière nord»</span> </a> </li> <li class="turquoise"> <a href="/opinion/chroniques/824523/chronique-caricaturer"> <span class="nb">4</span> <strong class="article-type">Chronique</strong> <span class="mptitle">Caricaturer</span> </a> </li> <li class="dodger-blue"> <a href="/economie/824575/comment-grandes-marques-vous-poussent-consommer-plus"> <span class="nb">5</span> <span class="mptitle">Comment les grandes marques vous poussent à consommer plus</span> </a> </li> <li class="red-violet"> <a href="/culture/824515/monastere-moniales-berthierville-est-protege-loi-tranche-cour-appel"> <span class="nb">6</span> <span class="mptitle">Le monastère des Moniales de Berthierville est protégé par la loi, tranche la Cour d’appel</span> </a> </li> <li class="dodger-blue"> <a href="/economie/824581/voisin-americain-payant-moins-court-terme"> <span class="nb">7</span> <span class="mptitle">Un voisin américain payant. Du moins, à court terme.</span> </a> </li> <li class="dodger-blue"> <a href="/economie/824564/postes-canada-mis-pied-travailleurs-greve"> <span class="nb">8</span> <span class="mptitle">Postes Canada a mis à pied des travailleurs en grève</span> </a> </li> <li class="turquoise"> <a href="/opinion/chroniques/824533/pierre-philosophale"> <span class="nb">9</span> <strong class="article-type">Chronique</strong> <span class="mptitle">La pierre philosophale</span> </a> </li> <li class="dodger-blue"> <a href="/politique/quebec/824537/ceder-renes-mammouth-sante"> <span class="nb">10</span> <span class="mptitle">Céder les rênes du mammouth de la santé</span> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <div class="row visible-sm visible-md visible-lg"> <div class="col-xs-14"> <div class="pub e1 mb30"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row visible-sm visible-md visible-lg"> <div class="col-xs-14"> <div class="pub e3 mb30"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div 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