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Sabir</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: J. S. M. Sabir"> <meta name="keywords" content="J. S. M. Sabir"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="J. 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S. M. Sabir"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 30</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: J. S. M. Sabir</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Anthropocentric and Ecocentric Representation of Human-Environment Relationship in Paulo Coelho's the Alchemist</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tooba%20Sabir">Tooba Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namra%20Sabir"> Namra Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Amjad%20Sabir"> Mohammad Amjad Sabir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The human-environment relationship has been projected since the beginning of literary tradition i.e. pastoral tradition, however, the interest of critics, writers and poets, in this view, has been developed, since the last couple of decades because of the increasing scope of environmental studies and growing environmental issues. One such novel, that projects human-environment relationship, is ‘The Alchemist.’ It is Paulo Coelho’s one of the most read novels. It holds a central theme that the universe conspires to help a person achieve his destiny, projecting anthropocentrism and human domination by centralizing human and devaluing the intrinsic worth of ecosystem. However, ecocritical analysis of the text reveals that the novel contains, at several instances, ecocentrism as well e.g. ‘everything on earth is being continuously transformed because earth is alive.’ This portrays ecosphere as living and dynamic entity rather than a mere instrument for human to achieve his destiny. The idea that the universe shares the same language projects unity of nature showing the relationship between human and non-human aspects of the environment as one being and not separate or superior to one another. It depicts human as a part of the environment and not the lord of the world. Therefore, it can be concluded that the novel oscillates between both the ecocentric and the anthropocentric phenomena. It is not suggested, however, that one phenomenon should be valued over the other but that the complexities of both the phenomena should be recognized, acknowledged and valued in order to encourage the interactions between literature and environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropocentrism" title="anthropocentrism">anthropocentrism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecocentrism" title=" ecocentrism"> ecocentrism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecocritical%20analysis" title=" ecocritical analysis"> ecocritical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-environment%20relationship" title=" human-environment relationship"> human-environment relationship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72371/anthropocentric-and-ecocentric-representation-of-human-environment-relationship-in-paulo-coelhos-the-alchemist" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Identification and Evaluation of Environmental Concepts in Paulo Coelho's "The Alchemist"</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tooba%20Sabir">Tooba Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asima%20Jaffar"> Asima Jaffar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namra%20Sabir"> Namra Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Amjad%20Sabir"> Mohammad Amjad Sabir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ecocriticism is the study of relationship between human and environment which has been represented in literature since the very beginning in pastoral tradition. However, the analysis of such representation is new as compared to the other critical evaluations like Psychoanalysis, Marxism, Post-colonialism, Modernism and many others. Ecocritics seek to find information like anthropocentrism, ecocentrism, ecofeminism, eco-Marxism, representation of environment and environmental concept and several other topics. In the current study the representation of environmental concepts, were ecocritically analyzed in Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist, one of the most read novels throughout the world, having been translated into many languages. Analysis of the text revealed, the representations of environmental ideas like landscapes and tourism, biodiversity, land-sea displacement, environmental disasters and warfare, desert winds and sand dunes. 'This desert was once a sea' throws light on different theories of land-sea displacement, one being the plate-tectonic theory which proposes Earth’s lithosphere to be divided into different large and small plates, continuously moving toward, away from or parallel to each other, resulting in land-sea displacement. Another theory is the continental drift theory which holds onto the belief that one large landmass—Pangea, broke down into smaller pieces of land that moved relative to each other and formed continents of the present time. The cause of desertification may, however, be natural i.e. climate change or artificial i.e. by human activities. Imagery of the environmental concepts, at some instances in the novel, is detailed and at other instances, is not as striking, but still is capable of arousing readers’ imagination. The study suggests that ecocritical justifications of environmental concepts in the text will increase the interactions between literature and environment which should be encouraged in order to induce environmental awareness among the readers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title="biodiversity">biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecocritical%20analysis" title=" ecocritical analysis"> ecocritical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecocriticism" title=" ecocriticism"> ecocriticism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20disasters" title=" environmental disasters"> environmental disasters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscapes" title=" landscapes"> landscapes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72790/identification-and-evaluation-of-environmental-concepts-in-paulo-coelhos-the-alchemist" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Phylogenetic Analysis and a Review of the History of the Accidental Phytoplankter, Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin (Bacillariophyta)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20S.%20M.%20Sabir">Jamal S. M. Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20C.%20Theriot"> Edward C. Theriot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schonna%20R.%20Manning"> Schonna R. Manning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20L.%20Al-Malki"> Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad"> Mohammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mumdooh%20J.%20Sabir"> Mumdooh J. Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwight%20K.%20Romanovicz"> Dwight K. Romanovicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahid%20H.%20Hajrah"> Nahid H. Hajrah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20K.%20Jansen"> Robert K. Jansen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matt%20P.%20Ashworth"> Matt P. Ashworth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum has been used as a model for cell biologists and ecologists for over a century. We have incorporated several new raphid pennates into a three-gene phylogenetic dataset (SSU, rbcL, psbC), and recover Gomphonemopsis sp. as sister to P. tricornutum with 100% BS support. This is the first time a close relative has been identified for P. tricornutum with robust statistical support. We test and reject a succession of hypotheses for other relatives. Our molecular data are statistically significantly incongruent with placement of either or both species among the Cymbellales, an order of diatoms with which both have been associated. We believe that further resolution of the phylogenetic position of P. tricornutum will rely more on increased taxon sampling than increased genetic sampling. Gomphonemopsis is a benthic diatom, and its phylogenetic relationship with P. tricornutum is congruent with the hypothesis that P. tricornutum is a benthic diatom with specific adaptations that lead to active recruitment into the plankton. We hypothesize that other benthic diatoms are likely to have similar adaptations and are not merely passively recruited into the plankton. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benthic" title="benthic">benthic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diatoms%3B%20ecology" title=" diatoms; ecology"> diatoms; ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phaeodactylum%20tricornutum" title=" Phaeodactylum tricornutum"> Phaeodactylum tricornutum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogeny" title=" phylogeny"> phylogeny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tychoplankton" title=" tychoplankton "> tychoplankton </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91315/phylogenetic-analysis-and-a-review-of-the-history-of-the-accidental-phytoplankter-phaeodactylum-tricornutum-bohlin-bacillariophyta" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Acoustic Analysis of Psycho-Communication Disorders within Moroccan Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Sabir">Brahim Sabir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Psycho-Communication disorders negatively affect the academic curriculum for students in higher education. Thus, understanding these disorders, their causes and effects will give education specialists a tool for the decision, which will lead to the resolution of problems related to the integration of students with Psycho-Communication disorders. It is in this context that a statistical study was conducted, targeting the population object of study, namely Moroccan students. Pathological voice samples were recorded and analyzed acoustically with PRAAT software, in order to build a model that will be the basis for the objective diagnostic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psycho-communication%20disorders" title="psycho-communication disorders">psycho-communication disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20analysis" title=" acoustic analysis"> acoustic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PRAAT" title=" PRAAT"> PRAAT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23935/acoustic-analysis-of-psycho-communication-disorders-within-moroccan-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Modelling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fouad%20Berrabeh">Fouad Berrabeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabir%20Messalti"> Sabir Messalti </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performances of the photovoltaic systems are very dependent on different conditions, such as solar irradiation, temperature, etc. Therefore, it is very important to provide detailed studies for different cases in order to provide continuously power, so the photovoltaic system must be properly sized. This paper presents the modelling and simulation of the photovoltaic cell using single diode model. I-V characteristics and P-V characteristics are presented and it verified at different conditions (irradiance effect, temperature effect, series resistance effect). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20cell" title="photovoltaic cell">photovoltaic cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BP%20SX%20150%20BP%20solar%20photovoltaic%20module" title=" BP SX 150 BP solar photovoltaic module"> BP SX 150 BP solar photovoltaic module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irradiance%20effect" title=" irradiance effect"> irradiance effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20effect" title=" temperature effect"> temperature effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=series%20resistance%20effect" title=" series resistance effect"> series resistance effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I%E2%80%93V%20characteristics" title=" I–V characteristics"> I–V characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P%E2%80%93V%20characteristics" title=" P–V characteristics"> P–V characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16671/modelling-and-simulation-of-photovoltaic-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Comparative Study for Power Systems Transient Stability Improvement Using SFCL ,SVC,TCBR </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabir%20Messalti">Sabir Messalti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Gherbi"> Ahmed Gherbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Bouchlaghem"> Ahmed Bouchlaghem </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents comparative study for power systems transient stability improvement using three FACTS devices: the SVC(Static Var Compensator), the Thyristor Control Breaking Resistor (TCBR) and superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL)The transient stability is assessed by the criterion of relative rotor angles. Critical Clearing Time (CCT) is used as an index for evaluated transient stability. The present study is tested on the WSCC3 nine-bus system in the case of three-phase short circuit fault on one transmission line. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVC" title="SVC">SVC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TCBR" title=" TCBR"> TCBR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SFCL" title=" SFCL"> SFCL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20systems%20transient%20stability%20improvement" title=" power systems transient stability improvement"> power systems transient stability improvement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14270/comparative-study-for-power-systems-transient-stability-improvement-using-sfcl-svctcbr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">650</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Isolation and Molecular Identification of Two Fungal Strains Capable of Degrading hydrocarbon Contaminants on Saudi Arabian Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amr%20A.%20EL%20Hanafy">Amr A. EL Hanafy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasir%20Anwar"> Yasir Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20A.%20Mohamed"> Saleh A. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Mohamed%20Saleh%20Al-Garni"> Saleh Mohamed Saleh Al-Garni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20S.%20M.%20Sabir"> Jamal S. M. Sabir </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20A.%20H.%20Abu%20Zinadah"> Osama A. H. Abu Zinadah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Morsi%20Ahmed"> Mohamed Morsi Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the vicinity of the red sea about 15 fungi species were isolated from oil contaminated sites. On the basis of aptitude to degrade the crude oil and DCPIP assay, two fungal isolates were selected amongst 15 oil degrading strains. Analysis of ITS-1, ITS-2 and amplicon pyrosequencing studies of fungal diversity revealed that these strains belong to Penicillium and Aspergillus species. Two strains that proved to be the most efficient in degrading crude oil was Aspergillus niger (54 %) and Penicillium commune (48 %) Subsequent to two weeks of cultivation in BHS medium the degradation rate were recorded by using spectrophotometer and GC-MS. Hence, it is cleared that these fungal strains has the capability of degradation and can be utilized for cleaning the Saudi Arabian environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20%20strains" title="fungal strains">fungal strains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocarbon%20contaminants" title=" hydrocarbon contaminants"> hydrocarbon contaminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20identification" title=" molecular identification"> molecular identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradation" title=" biodegradation"> biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36036/isolation-and-molecular-identification-of-two-fungal-strains-capable-of-degrading-hydrocarbon-contaminants-on-saudi-arabian-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Channel That Can Be Used on Slope, Slide Prone and Seismic Areas, Swelling and Collapsing Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabir%20Tehrankhan%20Hasanov">Sabir Tehrankhan Hasanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mir%20Movsum%20Anar%20Dadashev"> Mir Movsum Anar Dadashev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article provides a brief overview of irrigation systems and canals applied to slopes, landslide-prone, seismic areas, and swelling and collapsing soils. The contemporary construction of the canal used for irrigation, energy, and water supply purposes is described. In order to ensure the durability, longevity, and reliability of the channel, a damping mat made of cast material is created under its cover, and the top is covered with a waterproof screen. Dowels are placed on the bottom and sides of the channel, and the bottom dowel is riveted to the solid bedrock and connected with piles placed at certain distances. Drainage was placed next to the bottom dowel, an operation road was created on one side of the channel, and a berm road was created on the other side. A bathtub was built on the side of the road, and a forest-bush strip was built on its bank. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope" title="slope">slope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel" title=" channel"> channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide" title=" landslide"> landslide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse" title=" collapse"> collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swell" title=" swell"> swell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159736/channel-that-can-be-used-on-slope-slide-prone-and-seismic-areas-swelling-and-collapsing-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Perception of Young Consumers about SMS Marketing in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raja%20Irfan%20Sabir">Raja Irfan Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nargis%20Dewan"> Nargis Dewan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the role of SMS marketing on perception of young consumers and its impact on society by keeping in mind the culture, values and communication norms of Pakistan. The study focused on the consumer’s perception towards SMS Marketing of Entertainment, Informativeness, Credibility and Irritation factor which can have influence on the perception of young consumer positively or negatively. It’s also observed that some of the message contents do have good or bad impact on the society’s norm. The result derived from a sample of 200 consumers indicate that communication medium ‘SMS marketing’ positively influence the consumers perception but the messages that consumers receive from these companies are against the social norms and have bad impact. So Pakistani entrepreneurs of cellular industries should be more aware that there is need to somehow modify their message content strategies according to culture, norms and values of our society and environmental situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMS%20marketing" title="SMS marketing">SMS marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=messages%20content" title=" messages content"> messages content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumers%E2%80%99%20perception" title=" consumers’ perception"> consumers’ perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20values%20and%20norms" title=" cultural values and norms"> cultural values and norms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48375/perception-of-young-consumers-about-sms-marketing-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Artificial Neural Networks Controller for Power System Voltage Improvement </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabir%20Messalti">Sabir Messalti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20Boudjellal"> Bilal Boudjellal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azouz%20Said"> Azouz Said</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, power system Voltage improvement using wind turbine is presented. Two controllers are used: a PI controller and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) controllers are studied to control of the power flow exchanged between the wind turbine and the power system in order to improve the bus voltage. The wind turbine is based on a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) controlled by field-oriented control. Indirect control is used to control of the reactive power flow exchanged between the DFIG and the power system. The proposed controllers are tested on power system for large voltage disturbances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20networks%20controller" title="artificial neural networks controller">artificial neural networks controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFIG" title=" DFIG"> DFIG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field-oriented%20control" title=" field-oriented control"> field-oriented control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PI%20controller" title=" PI controller"> PI controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20system%20voltage%20improvement" title=" power system voltage improvement"> power system voltage improvement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14265/artificial-neural-networks-controller-for-power-system-voltage-improvement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Use of Dendrochronology in Estimation of Creep Velocity and Its Dependence on the Bulk Density of Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Amjad%20Sabir">Mohammad Amjad Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishtiaq%20Khan"> Ishtiaq Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Ali"> Shahid Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Shabbir"> Umar Shabbir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aneel%20Ahmad"> Aneel Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Creep, being the main silt contributor to the rivers, is a slow, downhill flow of soils. The creep velocity is measured in millimeters to a couple of centimeters per year and is determined with the help of tilt caused by creep in the vertical objects and needs at least ten years to get a reliable creep velocity. This project was devised to calculate creep velocity using dendrochronology and looking for the difference of creep velocity registered by different trees on the same slope. It was concluded that dendrochronology provides a very reliable procedure of creep velocity estimation if ‘J’ shaped trees are studied for their horizontal movement and age. The age of these trees was measured using tree coring, and the horizontal movement was measured with a conventional tape. Using this procedure it does not require decades and additionally the data reveals the creep velocity for up to 150 years and even more instead of just a decade. It was also concluded that the creep velocity does not only depend on bulk density of soil hence no pronounced effect of bulk density was detected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep%20velocity" title="creep velocity">creep velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galiyat" title=" Galiyat"> Galiyat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dendrochronology" title=" dendrochronology"> dendrochronology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagri%20Bala" title=" Nagri Bala"> Nagri Bala</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100711/use-of-dendrochronology-in-estimation-of-creep-velocity-and-its-dependence-on-the-bulk-density-of-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Analysis of the Transcriptional Response of Rhazia stricta to Jasmonic Acid Induction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahid%20H.%20Hajrah">Nahid H. Hajrah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20S.%20M.%20Sabir"> Jamal S. M. Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neil%20Hall"> Neil Hall</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The jasmonic pathway is ubiquitous in plants and is crucial to plant development. It Is involved in fertility, ripening, and sex determination as well as in response to environmental stresses such as herbivory, pathogen drought or temperature shock. Essentially the jasmonic pathway acts to shut down growth in order to induce defence pathways. These pathways include the production of secondary metabolites which have evolved to defend against herbivores and pathogens but are of increasing interest due to their roll in medicine and biotechnology. Here we describe the transcriptional response of Rhazia stricta (a poisonous shrub widely used in traditional medicine) to jasmonic acid, in order to better characterize the genes involved in secondary metabolite production and its response to stress. We observe coordinated upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway leading to flavonols, flavones and anthocyanins but no similar coordination of the monoterpene indole alkaloid pathway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title="medicinal plants">medicinal plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhazia%20stricta" title=" Rhazia stricta"> Rhazia stricta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jasmonic%20acid" title=" jasmonic acid"> jasmonic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcriptional%20analysis" title=" transcriptional analysis"> transcriptional analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107330/analysis-of-the-transcriptional-response-of-rhazia-stricta-to-jasmonic-acid-induction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> A Comprehensive Review of Axial Flux Machines and Its Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahbaz%20Amin">Shahbaz Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabir%20Hussain%20Shah"> Sabir Hussain Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahib%20Khan"> Sahib Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a thorough review concerning the design types of axial flux permanent magnet machines (AFPM) in terms of different features such as construction, design, materials, and manufacturing. Particular emphasis is given on the design and performance analysis of AFPM machines. A comparison among different permanent magnet machines is also provided. First of all, early and modern axial flux machines are mentioned. Secondly, rotor construction of different axial flux machines is described, then different stator constructions are mentioned depending upon the presence of slots and stator back iron. Then according to the arrangement of the rotor stator structure the machines are classified into single, double and multi-stack arrangements. Advantages, disadvantages and applications of each type of rotor and stator are pointed out. Finally on the basis of the reviewed literature merits, demerits, features and application of different axial flux machines structures are explained and clarified. Thus, this paper provides connection between the machines that are currently being used in industry and the developments of AFPM throughout the years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20flux%20machines" title="axial flux machines">axial flux machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20flux%20applications" title=" axial flux applications"> axial flux applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coreless%20machines" title=" coreless machines"> coreless machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PM%20machines" title=" PM machines"> PM machines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95500/a-comprehensive-review-of-axial-flux-machines-and-its-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Features in the Distribution of Fleas (Siphonaptera) in the Balkhash-Alakol Depression on the South-Eastern Kazakhstan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurtazin%20Sabir">Nurtazin Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Begon%20Michael"> Begon Michael</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeszhanov%20Aidyn"> Yeszhanov Aidyn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Belyaev"> Alexander Belyaev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hughes%20Nelika"> Hughes Nelika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bethany%20Levick"> Bethany Levick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salmurzauly%20Ruslan"> Salmurzauly Ruslan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the features of the distribution of the most abundant species of fleas that are carriers of the most dangerous infections in the Balkhash-Alakol depression of Kazakhstan. We show that of 153 species of fleas described in the territory of the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus Licht.), 35 species are parasitic. 21 of them are specific to gerbils species, and four species of fleas from the Xenopsylla genus are dominant in number and value of epizootic. We also describe the modern features of habitats of these species and their relationship with the great gerbil populations found in the South Balkhash region. It indicates the need for research on the population structure of the most abundant fleas species and their relationship with the structure of the populations of main carrier of transmission infections in the region-great gerbil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balkhash-Alakol%20depression" title="Balkhash-Alakol depression">Balkhash-Alakol depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20foci%20of%20plague" title=" natural foci of plague"> natural foci of plague</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20diversity%20and%20distribution%20of%20fleas" title=" species diversity and distribution of fleas"> species diversity and distribution of fleas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flea%20and%20great%20gerbil%20population%20structure" title=" flea and great gerbil population structure"> flea and great gerbil population structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epizootic%20activity" title=" epizootic activity"> epizootic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20species%20of%20fleas" title=" mass species of fleas"> mass species of fleas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27346/features-in-the-distribution-of-fleas-siphonaptera-in-the-balkhash-alakol-depression-on-the-south-eastern-kazakhstan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Transformation of the Ili Delta Ecosystems Related to the Runoff Control of the Ile-Balkhash Basin Rivers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruslan%20Salmurzauli">Ruslan Salmurzauli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabir%20Nurtazin"> Sabir Nurtazin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buho%20Hoshino"> Buho Hoshino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niels%20Thevs"> Niels Thevs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20Yeszhanov"> A. B. Yeszhanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiman%20Imentai"> Aiman Imentai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents the results of a research on the transformation of the diverse ecosystems of the Ili delta during the period 1979-2014 based on the analysis of the hydrological regime dynamics, weather conditions and satellite images. Conclusions have been drawn on the decisive importance of the water runoff of the Ili River in the negative changes and environmental degradation in delta areas over the past forty-five years. The increase of water consumption in the Chinese and Kazakhstan parts of the Ili-Balkhash basin caused desiccation and desertification of many hydromorphic delta ecosystems and the reduction of water flow into Lake Balkhash. We demonstrate that a significant reduction of watering of the delta areas could drastically accelerate the aridization and degradation of the hydromorphic ecosystems. Under runoff decrease, a transformation process of the delta ecosystems begins from the head part and gradually spread northward to the periphery of the delta. The desertification is most clearly expressed in the central and western parts of the delta areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ili-Balkhash%20basin" title="Ili-Balkhash basin">Ili-Balkhash basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ili%20river%20delta" title=" Ili river delta"> Ili river delta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runoff" title=" runoff"> runoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrological%20regime" title=" hydrological regime"> hydrological regime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation%20of%20ecosystems" title=" transformation of ecosystems"> transformation of ecosystems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32225/transformation-of-the-ili-delta-ecosystems-related-to-the-runoff-control-of-the-ile-balkhash-basin-rivers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Ethnomedicinal Studies on Pteredophytes of District Bagh Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Israr%20Ahmad">Israr Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sehrish%20Sabir"> Sehrish Sabir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present study deals with the taxonomic and ethno medicinal uses of some Pteridophytes species present in District Bagh AJK, Pakistan. The people of District Bagh extensively use Pteridophytes for different purposes. Ethno botanical evidence and Ornamental Potential of the taxa of wild pteridophytes was documented through field trips during 2017-2018, and data was collected through a structured questionnaire, and in-depth interviews were conducted from the natives in the hilly regions. Total of 22 Pteridophytes belonging to 13 genera 9 families were collected. Out of 22 species, one species (Cystoathyriumchinense ) newly record from Pakistan. The most leading family is Pteridaceae, having 9species, followed by Dryopteridaceae, having 4species, and Aspleniaceae having 3species. The remaining families are represented by single species of each. Inhabitants of mountainous and rural zones regularly used these taxa for different remedy, which are not discussed in the previous available literature. The novel remedies reported in this research areCystoathyriumchinense decoction used for irregular menstruation, Cyclosorusopulentus crushed leaves and stem are used for the treatment of stomach disorder.Onychiumlucidumused to treatJaundice, injury, pain dysentery, common cold, and arresting bleeding. Based on these findings, it is further recommended that phytochemical studies should be conducted to explore active chemical constituents for the cure of various diseases. Conservation efforts must be done to conserve many threatened species of the research area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adiantum" title="adiantum">adiantum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title=" cancer"> cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pakistan" title=" pakistan"> pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pteridophytes" title=" pteridophytes"> pteridophytes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157262/ethnomedicinal-studies-on-pteredophytes-of-district-bagh-azad-jammu-and-kashmir-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157262.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter in Ambient Air in Capital City of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabir%20Hussain">Sabir Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mujtaba%20Hassan"> Mujtaba Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kashif%20Rasool"> Kashif Rasool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Shahzad"> Asif Shahzad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was collected in Islamabad from November 2022 to January 2023, at urban sites. The average mass concentrations of PM2.5 varied, ranging from 90.5 to 133 μg m−3 in urban areas. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) analysis revealed that Islamabad's PM2.5 comprised soot aggregates, ashes, minerals, bio-particles, and unidentified particles. Results from inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) indicated a gradual increase in total elemental concentrations in Islamabad PM2.5 in winter, with relatively high levels in December. Significantly different elemental compositions were observed in urban PM2.5. Enrichment factor (EF) analysis suggested that elements such as K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Ba, and Sr were of natural origin, while As, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn, Ni, and Se originated from anthropogenic sources. Plasmid DNA assays demonstrated varying levels of potential toxicity in Islamabad PM2.5 collected from urban sites, as well as across different seasons. Notably, the urban winter PM2.5 sample exhibited much stronger toxicity compared to other samples. The presence of heavy metals in Islamabad PM2.5, including Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Ni, may have synergistic effects on human health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamabad%20particulate%20matter%20pm2.5" title="islamabad particulate matter pm2.5">islamabad particulate matter pm2.5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scanning%20electron%20microscopy%20with%20energy-dispersive%20x-ray%20spectroscopy%28sem-eds%29" title=" scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy(sem-eds)"> scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy(sem-eds)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourier%20transform%20infrared%20spectroscopy%28ftir%29" title=" fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ftir)"> fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ftir)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inductively%20coupled%20plasma%20optical%20emission%20spectroscopy%28icp-oes%29" title=" inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(icp-oes)"> inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(icp-oes)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175854/physicochemical-and-biological-characterization-of-fine-particulate-matter-in-ambient-air-in-capital-city-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Adsorption and Selective Determination Ametryne in Food Sample Using of Magnetically Separable Molecular Imprinted Polymers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Hussain">Sajjad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabir%20Khan"> Sabir Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Del%20Pilar%20Taboada%20Sotomayor"> Maria Del Pilar Taboada Sotomayor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work demonstrates the synthesis of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) for determination of a selected pesticide (ametryne) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Computational simulation can assist the choice of the most suitable monomer for the synthesis of polymers. The (MMIPs) were polymerized at the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using 2-vinylpyradine as functional monomer, ethylene-glycol-dimethacrylate (EGDMA) is a cross-linking agent and 2,2-Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) used as radical initiator. Magnetic non-molecularly imprinted polymer (MNIPs) was also prepared under the same conditions without analyte. The MMIPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Pseudo first order and pseudo second order model were applied to study kinetics of adsorption and it was found that adsorption process followed the pseudo first order kinetic model. Adsorption equilibrium data was fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms and the sorption equilibrium process was well described by Langmuir isotherm mode. The selectivity coefficients (α) of MMIPs for ametryne with respect to atrazine, ciprofloxacin and folic acid were 4.28, 12.32, and 14.53 respectively. The spiked recoveries ranged between 91.33 and 106.80% were obtained. The results showed high affinity and selectivity of MMIPs for pesticide ametryne in the food samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecularly%20imprinted%20polymer" title="molecularly imprinted polymer">molecularly imprinted polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20nanoparticles" title=" magnetic nanoparticles"> magnetic nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21370/adsorption-and-selective-determination-ametryne-in-food-sample-using-of-magnetically-separable-molecular-imprinted-polymers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Use of Magnetically Separable Molecular Imprinted Polymers for Determination of Pesticides in Food Samples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabir%20Khan">Sabir Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Hussain"> Sajjad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ademar%20Wong"> Ademar Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Del%20Pilar%20Taboada%20Sotomayor"> Maria Del Pilar Taboada Sotomayor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work aims to develop magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) for determination of a selected pesticide (ametryne) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Computational simulation can assist the choice of the most suitable monomer for the synthesis of polymers. The (MMIPs) were polymerized at the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using 2-vinylpyradine as functional monomer, ethylene-glycol-dimethacrylate (EGDMA) is a cross-linking agent and 2,2-Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) used as radical initiator. Magnetic non-molecularly imprinted polymer (MNIPs) was also prepared under the same conditions without analyte. The MMIPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Pseudo first-order and pseudo second order model were applied to study kinetics of adsorption and it was found that adsorption process followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Adsorption equilibrium data was fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms and the sorption equilibrium process was well described by Langmuir isotherm mode. The selectivity coefficients (α) of MMIPs for ametryne with respect to atrazine, ciprofloxacin and folic acid were 4.28, 12.32 and 14.53 respectively. The spiked recoveries ranged between 91.33 and 106.80% were obtained. The results showed high affinity and selectivity of MMIPs for pesticide ametryne in the food samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecularly%20imprinted%20polymer" title="molecularly imprinted polymer">molecularly imprinted polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20nanoparticles" title=" magnetic nanoparticles"> magnetic nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20912/use-of-magnetically-separable-molecular-imprinted-polymers-for-determination-of-pesticides-in-food-samples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">467</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Quality Approaches for Mass-Produced Fashion: A Study in Malaysian Garment Manufacturing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20J.%20M.%20Yusof">N. J. M. Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Sabir"> T. Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20McLoughlin"> J. McLoughlin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Garment manufacturing industry involves sequential processes that are subjected to uncontrollable variations. The industry depends on the skill of labour in handling the varieties of fabrics and accessories, machines, and also a complicated sewing operation. Due to these reasons, garment manufacturers created systems to monitor and control the product’s quality regularly by conducting quality approaches to minimize variation. The aims of this research were to ascertain the quality approaches deployed by Malaysian garment manufacturers in three key areas-quality systems and tools; quality control and types of inspection; sampling procedures chosen for garment inspection. The focus of this research also aimed to distinguish quality approaches used by companies that supplied the finished garments to both domestic and international markets. The feedback from each of company’s representatives was obtained using the online survey, which comprised of five sections and 44 questions on the organizational profile and quality approaches used in the garment industry. The results revealed that almost all companies had established their own mechanism of process control by conducting a series of quality inspection for daily production either it was formally been set up or vice versa. Quality inspection was the predominant quality control activity in the garment manufacturing and the level of complexity of these activities was substantially dictated by the customers. AQL-based sampling was utilized by companies dealing with the export market, whilst almost all the companies that only concentrated on the domestic market were comfortable using their own sampling procedures for garment inspection. This research provides an insight into the implementation of quality approaches that were perceived as important and useful in the garment manufacturing sector, which is truly labour-intensive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garment%20manufacturing" title="garment manufacturing">garment manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20approaches" title=" quality approaches"> quality approaches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20control" title=" quality control"> quality control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inspection" title=" inspection"> inspection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acceptance%20Quality%20Limit%20%28AQL%29" title=" Acceptance Quality Limit (AQL)"> Acceptance Quality Limit (AQL)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sampling" title=" sampling"> sampling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37076/quality-approaches-for-mass-produced-fashion-a-study-in-malaysian-garment-manufacturing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Chronic Cognitive Impacts of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury during Aging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camille%20Charlebois-Plante">Camille Charlebois-Plante</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marie-%C3%88ve%20Bourassa"> Marie-Ève Bourassa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaelle%20Dumel"> Gaelle Dumel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meriem%20Sabir"> Meriem Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Louis%20De%20Beaumont"> Louis De Beaumont</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To the extent of our knowledge, there has been little interest in the chronic effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on cognition during normal aging. This is rather surprising considering the impacts on daily and social functioning. In addition, sustaining a mTBI during late adulthood may increase the effect of normal biological aging in individuals who consider themselves normal and healthy. The objective of this study was to characterize the persistent neuropsychological repercussions of mTBI sustained during late adulthood, on average 12 months prior to testing. To this end, 35 mTBI patients and 42 controls between the ages of 50 and 69 completed an exhaustive neuropsychological assessment lasting three hours. All mTBI patients were asymptomatic and all participants had a score ≥ 27 at the MoCA. The evaluation consisted of 20 standardized neuropsychological tests measuring memory, attention, executive and language functions, as well as information processing speed. Performance on tests of visual (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test Revised) and verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and WMS-IV Logical Memory subtest), lexical access (Boston Naming Test) and response inhibition (Stroop) revealed to be significantly lower in the mTBI group. These findings suggest that a mTBI sustained during late adulthood induces lasting effects on cognitive function. Episodic memory and executive functions seem to be particularly vulnerable to enduring mTBI effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20function" title="cognitive function">cognitive function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=late%20adulthood" title=" late adulthood"> late adulthood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mild%20traumatic%20brain%20injury" title=" mild traumatic brain injury"> mild traumatic brain injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuropsychology" title=" neuropsychology"> neuropsychology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93915/chronic-cognitive-impacts-of-mild-traumatic-brain-injury-during-aging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Analysis of Saudi Breast Cancer Patients’ Primary Tumors using Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20M.%20Al-Harbi">L. M. Al-Harbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Shokry"> A. M. Shokry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20S.%20M.%20Sabir"> J. S. M. Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chaudhary"> A. Chaudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Manikandan"> J. Manikandan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Saini"> K. S. Saini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide and is the most common malignancy among Saudi females. During breast carcinogenesis, a wide-array of cytogenetic changes involving deletions, or amplification, or translocations, of part or whole of chromosome regions have been observed. Because of the limitations of various earlier technologies, newer tools are developed to scan for changes at the genomic level. Recently, Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) technique has been applied for detecting segmental genomic alterations at molecular level. In this study, aCGH was performed on twenty breast cancer tumors and their matching non-tumor (normal) counterparts using the Agilent 2x400K. Several regions were identified to be either amplified or deleted in a tumor-specific manner. Most frequent alterations were amplification of chromosome 1q, chromosome 8q, 20q, and deletions at 16q were also detected. The amplification of genetic events at 1q and 8q were further validated using FISH analysis using probes targeting 1q25 and 8q (MYC gene). The copy number changes at these loci can potentially cause a significant change in the tumor behavior, as deletions in the E-Cadherin (CDH1)-tumor suppressor gene as well as amplification of the oncogenes-Aurora Kinase A. (AURKA) and MYC could make these tumors highly metastatic. This study validates the use of aCGH in Saudi breast cancer patients and sets the foundations necessary for performing larger cohort studies searching for ethnicity-specific biomarkers and gene copy number variations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20biology" title=" molecular biology"> molecular biology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecology" title=" ecology"> ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5124/analysis-of-saudi-breast-cancer-patients-primary-tumors-using-array-comparative-genomic-hybridization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> The Impact of Strategic Information in Developing the Target Cost Approach to achieve Competitive Advantage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizgar%20Abdullah%20Sabir%20Jaf">Rizgar Abdullah Sabir Jaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayan%20Sedeeq%20Azeez%20Hussin"> Bayan Sedeeq Azeez Hussin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dler%20Moosa%20Ahmed%20Karim"> Dler Moosa Ahmed Karim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Presently, economic and technological developments are growing faster in an unparalleled way. The result of that is innovative changing a great deal of a great deal of assumption, concepts, transactions, and high of competition between companies all over the world. The title of the thesis is one of the subjects that get large concerns in the financial and business world in the present time. That is because many competitive firms have appeared in the regional and global markets and the rapid changes that covered all fields of life. The subjects of the dissertation have a special importance in making the firm's businesses succeed in general and the industrial firms especially. Thus, the basic purpose of this study is to determine whether target costing is used in the costing application process in their customer expectation, profit margin, cost and price determination, cost reduction and management operations. In today’s intensely competitive and highly volatile business environment, consistent development of low cost and high quality products meeting the functional requirements is a key to a company's survival. Companies continuously strive to reduce the costs while still producing quality products to stay ahead in the competition. Many companies have turned to target costing to achieve this objective. The results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship (at the significance level less than 0.05) between the factors competitive advantage and management accounting techniques in the firm's sample study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20information" title="strategic information">strategic information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=target%20cost" title=" target cost"> target cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20advantage" title=" competitive advantage"> competitive advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iraqi%20soft%20drink%20firms" title=" Iraqi soft drink firms"> Iraqi soft drink firms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36850/the-impact-of-strategic-information-in-developing-the-target-cost-approach-to-achieve-competitive-advantage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Hemato-Biochemical Studies on Naturally Infected Camels with Trypanosomiasis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Mehmood">Khalid Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riaz%20Hussain"> Riaz Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rao%20Z.%20Abbas"> Rao Z. Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tariq%20Abbas"> Tariq Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Ghaffar"> Abdul Ghaffar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20J.%20Sabir"> Ahmad J. Sabir </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blood born diseases such as trypanosomiasis have negative impacts on health, production and working efficiency of camels in different camel-rearing areas of the world including Pakistan. In present study blood samples were collected from camels kept at the desert condition of cholistan to estimate the prevalence of trypanosomiasis and hemato-biochemical changes in naturally infected cases. Results showed an overall 9.31% prevalence of trypanosomiasis in camels. Various clinical signs such as pyrexia, occasional shivering, inappetence, urticaria, swelling, lethargy, going down in condition and edema of pads were observed in few cases. The statistical analysis did not show significant association of age and sex with trypanosomiasis. However, results revealed significantly decreased values of total erythrocyte counts, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, serum total proteins and albumin while increased values of mean corpuscular volume was recorded in infected animals as compared to healthy. A significant (P<0.01) increased values of total leukocyte count, monocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophils, and eosinophils was recorded in infected animals. Moreover, microscopic examination of blood films obtained from naturally infected cases showed the presence of parasite and various morphological changes in cells such as stomatocyte, hyperchromasia, and polychromasia. Significantly increased values of different hepatic enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also recorded. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camel" title="camel">camel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematological%20indices" title=" hematological indices"> hematological indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serum%20enzymes" title=" serum enzymes"> serum enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trypanosomiasis" title=" Trypanosomiasis"> Trypanosomiasis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25644/hemato-biochemical-studies-on-naturally-infected-camels-with-trypanosomiasis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Comparative Study of Conventional and Satellite Based Agriculture Information System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafia%20Hassan">Rafia Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Rizwan"> Ali Rizwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadaf%20Farhan"> Sadaf Farhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bushra%20Sabir"> Bushra Sabir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to compare the conventional crop monitoring system with the satellite based crop monitoring system in Pakistan. This study is conducted for SUPARCO (Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission). The study focused on the wheat crop, as it is the main cash crop of Pakistan and province of Punjab. This study will answer the following: Which system is better in terms of cost, time and man power? The man power calculated for Punjab CRS is: 1,418 personnel and for SUPARCO: 26 personnel. The total cost calculated for SUPARCO is almost 13.35 million and CRS is 47.705 million. The man hours calculated for CRS (Crop Reporting Service) are 1,543,200 hrs (136 days) and man hours for SUPARCO are 8, 320hrs (40 days). It means that SUPARCO workers finish their work 96 days earlier than CRS workers. The results show that the satellite based crop monitoring system is efficient in terms of manpower, cost and time as compared to the conventional system, and also generates early crop forecasts and estimations. The research instruments used included: Interviews, physical visits, group discussions, questionnaires, study of reports and work flows. A total of 93 employees were selected using Yamane’s formula for data collection, which is done with the help questionnaires and interviews. Comparative graphing is used for the analysis of data to formulate the results of the research. The research findings also demonstrate that although conventional methods have a strong impact still in Pakistan (for crop monitoring) but it is the time to bring a change through technology, so that our agriculture will also be developed along modern lines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=area%20frame" title="area frame">area frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop%20reporting%20service" title=" crop reporting service"> crop reporting service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRS" title=" CRS"> CRS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sample%20frame" title=" sample frame"> sample frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SRS%2FGIS" title=" SRS/GIS"> SRS/GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20remote%20sensing%2F%20geographic%20information%20system" title=" satellite remote sensing/ geographic information system"> satellite remote sensing/ geographic information system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67079/comparative-study-of-conventional-and-satellite-based-agriculture-information-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Study of the Hydrochemical Composition of Canal, Collector-Drainage and Ground Waters of Kura-Araz Plain and Modeling by GIS Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurbanova%20Lamiya">Gurbanova Lamiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Republic of Azerbaijan is considered a region with limited water resources, as up to 70% of surface water is formed outside the country's borders, and most of its territory is an arid (dry) climate zone. It is located at the lower limit of transboundary flows, which is the weakest source of natural water resources in the South Caucasus. It is essential to correctly assess the quality of natural, collector-drainage and groundwater of the area and their suitability for irrigation in order to properly carry out land reclamation measures, provide the normal water-salt regime, and prevent repeated salinization. Through the 141-km-long main Mil-Mugan collector, groundwater, household waste, and floodwaters generated during floods and landslides are poured into the Caspian Sea. The hydrochemical composition of the samples taken from the Sabir irrigation canal passing through the center of the Kura-Araz plain, the Main Mil-Mugan Collector, and the groundwater of the region, which we chose as our research object, were studied and the obtained results were compared by periods. A model is proposed that allows for a complete visualization of the primary materials collected for the study area. The practical use of the established digital model provides all possibilities. The practical use of the established digital model provides all possibilities. An extensive database was created with the ArcGis 10.8 package, using publicly available LandSat satellite images as primary data in addition to ground surveys to build the model. The principles of the construction of the geographic information system of modern GIS technology were developed, the boundary and initial condition of the research area were evaluated, and forecasts and recommendations were given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation%20channel" title="irrigation channel">irrigation channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collector" title=" collector"> collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meliorative%20measures" title=" meliorative measures"> meliorative measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160963/study-of-the-hydrochemical-composition-of-canal-collector-drainage-and-ground-waters-of-kura-araz-plain-and-modeling-by-gis-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> DNA Polymorphism Studies of β-Lactoglobulin Gene in Native Saudi Goat Breeds </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amr%20A.%20El%20Hanafy">Amr A. El Hanafy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20I.%20Qureshi"> Muhammad I. Qureshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Sabir"> Jamal Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Mutawakil"> Mohamed Mutawakil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20Ahmed"> Mohamed M. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20El%20Ashmaoui"> Hassan El Ashmaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Ramadan"> Hassan Ramadan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abou-Alsoud"> Mohamed Abou-Alsoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Abdel%20Sadek"> Mahmoud Abdel Sadek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG) is the dominant non-casein whey protein found in bovine milk and of most ruminants. The amino acid sequence of β-LG along with its 3-dimensional structure illustrates linkage with the lipocalin superfamily. Preliminary studies in goats indicated that milk yield can be influenced by polymorphism in genes coding for whey proteins. The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate the incidence of functional polymorphisms in the exonic and intronic portions of β-LG gene in native Saudi goat breeds (Ardi, Habsi, and Harri). Blood samples were collected from 300 animals (100 for each breed) and genomic DNA was extracted using QIAamp DNA extraction Kit. A fragment of the β-LG gene from exon 7 to 3’ flanking region was amplified with pairs of specific primers. Subsequent digestion with Sac II restriction endonuclease revealed two alleles (A and B) and three different banding patterns or genotypes i.e. AA, AB and BB. The statistical analysis showed that β-LG AA genotype had higher milk yield than β-LG AB and β-LG BB genotypes. Nucleotide sequencing of the selected β-LG fragments was done and submitted to GenBank NCBI (Accession No. KJ544248, KJ588275, KJ588276, KJ783455, KJ783456 and KJ874959). Two already established SNPs in exon 7 (+4601 and +4603) and one fresh SNP in the 3’ UTR region were detected in the β-LG fragments with designated AA genotype. The polymorphisms in exon 7 did not produce any amino acid change. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of nucleotide sequences of native Saudi goats indicated evolutional similarity with the GenBank reference sequences of goat, Bubalus bubalis and Bos taurus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-Lactoglobulin" title="β-Lactoglobulin">β-Lactoglobulin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20goats" title=" Saudi goats"> Saudi goats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR-RFLP" title=" PCR-RFLP"> PCR-RFLP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20polymorphism" title=" functional polymorphism"> functional polymorphism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleotide%20sequencing" title=" nucleotide sequencing"> nucleotide sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogenetic%20analysis" title=" phylogenetic analysis"> phylogenetic analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14402/dna-polymorphism-studies-of-v-lactoglobulin-gene-in-native-saudi-goat-breeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14402.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Effect of Antioxidant-Rich Nutraceutical on Serum Glucose, Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress Markers of Salt-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nura%20Lawal">Nura Lawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lawal%20Suleiman%20Bilbis"> Lawal Suleiman Bilbis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabiu%20Aliyu%20Umar"> Rabiu Aliyu Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anas%20A.%20Sabir"> Anas A. Sabir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metabolic syndrome (MS) a high-risk condition involving obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus is prevalent in Nigeria. The study aims to formulate an antioxidant-rich nutraceutical from locally available foodstuff (onion, garlic, ginger, tomato, lemon, palm oil, watermelon seeds) and investigate their effects on blood pressure, body weight, serum glucose, lipid profile, insulin and oxidative stress markers in salt-induced rats. The rats were placed on 8% salt diet for 6 weeks and then supplementation and treatment with nutraceutical and nifedipine in the presence of salt diet for additional 4 weeks. Feeding rats with salt diet for 6 weeks increased blood pressure and body weight of the salt-loaded rats relative to control. Significant (P < 0.001) increase in serum blood glucose and lipid profile, and the decrease in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was observed in salt-loaded rats as compared with control. Both supplementation and treatment (nifedipine) lowered the blood pressure but the only supplementation lowered the body weight. Supplementation with nutraceutical resulted in significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the serum blood glucose, lipid profile, malonyldialdehyde (MDA), insulin levels, insulin resistance, and increased HDL-C and antioxidant indices. The percentage protection against atherogenesis was 76.5±2.13%. There is strong positive correlation between blood pressure, body weight and serum blood glucose, lipid profile, markers of oxidative stress and strong negative correlation with HDL-C and antioxidant status. The results suggest that the nutraceuticals are useful in reversing most of the component of metabolic syndrome and might be beneficial in the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20syndrome" title="metabolic syndrome">metabolic syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension" title=" hypertension"> hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes%20mallitus" title=" diabetes mallitus"> diabetes mallitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91363/effect-of-antioxidant-rich-nutraceutical-on-serum-glucose-lipid-profile-and-oxidative-stress-markers-of-salt-induced-metabolic-syndrome-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Spatial Distribution of Virus-Transmitting Aphids of Plants in Al Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabir%20Hussain">Sabir Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem"> Muhammad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousif%20Aldryhim"> Yousif Aldryhim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susan%20E.%20Halbert"> Susan E. Halbert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qingjun%20Wu"> Qingjun Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plant viruses annually cause severe economic losses in crop production and globally, different aphid species are responsible for the transmission of such viruses. Additionally, aphids are also serious pests of trees, and agricultural crops. Al Bahah Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has a high native and introduced plant species with a temperate climate that provides ample habitats for aphids. In this study, we surveyed virus-transmitting aphids from the Province to highlight their spatial distributions and hot spot areas for their target control strategies. During our fifteen month's survey in Al Bahah Province, three hundred and seventy samples of aphids were collected using both beating sheets and yellow water pan traps. Consequently, fifty-four aphid species representing 30 genera belonging to four families were recorded from Al Bahah Province. Alarmingly, 35 aphid species from our records are virus transmitting species. The most common virus transmitting aphid species based on number of collecting samples, were Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878), Brachycaudus rumexicolens (Patch, 1917), Uroleucon sonchi (Linnaeus, 1767), Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843), and Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776). The numbers of samples for the forementioned species were 66, 24, 23, 22, and 20, respectively. The widest range of plant hosts were found for M. euphorbiae (39 plant species), B. helichrysi (12 plant species), M. persicae (12 plant species), B. rumexicolens (10 plant species), and U. sonchi (9 plant species). The hottest spot areas were found in Al-Baha, Al Mekhwah and Biljarashi cities of the province on the basis of their abundance. This study indicated that Al Bahah Province has relatively rich aphid diversity due to the relatively high plant diversity in a favorable climatic condition. ArcGIS tools can be helpful for biologists to implement the target control strategies against these pests in the integrated pest management, and ultimately to save money and time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al%20Bahah%20province" title="Al Bahah province">Al Bahah province</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aphid-virus%20interaction" title=" aphid-virus interaction"> aphid-virus interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title=" biodiversity"> biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20information%20system" title=" global information system"> global information system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75401/spatial-distribution-of-virus-transmitting-aphids-of-plants-in-al-bahah-province-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> RNA-Seq Analysis of the Wild Barley (H. spontaneum) Leaf Transcriptome under Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Bahieldin">Ahmed Bahieldin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Atef"> Ahmed Atef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20S.%20M.%20Sabir"> Jamal S. M. Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nour%20O.%20Gadalla"> Nour O. Gadalla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20Edris"> Sherif Edris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Alzohairy"> Ahmed M. Alzohairy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nezar%20A.%20Radhwan"> Nezar A. Radhwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20N.%20Baeshen"> Mohammed N. Baeshen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Ramadan"> Ahmed M. Ramadan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hala%20F.%20Eissa"> Hala F. Eissa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabah%20M.%20Hassan"> Sabah M. Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabih%20A.%20Baeshen"> Nabih A. Baeshen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Abuzinadah"> Osama Abuzinadah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdy%20A.%20Al-Kordy"> Magdy A. Al-Kordy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fotouh%20M.%20El-Domyati"> Fotouh M. El-Domyati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20K.%20Jansen"> Robert K. Jansen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wild salt-tolerant barley (Hordeum spontaneum) is the ancestor of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare or H. vulgare). Although the cultivated barley genome is well studied, little is known about genome structure and function of its wild ancestor. In the present study, RNA-Seq analysis was performed on young leaves of wild barley treated with salt (500 mM NaCl) at four different time intervals. Transcriptome sequencing yielded 103 to 115 million reads for all replicates of each treatment, corresponding to over 10 billion nucleotides per sample. Of the total reads, between 74.8 and 80.3% could be mapped and 77.4 to 81.7% of the transcripts were found in the H. vulgare unigene database (unigene-mapped). The unmapped wild barley reads for all treatments and replicates were assembled de novo and the resulting contigs were used as a new reference genome. This resultedin94.3 to 95.3%oftheunmapped reads mapping to the new reference. The number of differentially expressed transcripts was 9277, 3861 of which were uni gene-mapped. The annotated unigene- and de novo-mapped transcripts (5100) were utilized to generate expression clusters across time of salt stress treatment. Two-dimensional hierarchical clustering classified differential expression profiles into nine expression clusters, four of which were selected for further analysis. Differentially expressed transcripts were assigned to the main functional categories. The most important groups were ‘response to external stimulus’ and ‘electron-carrier activity’. Highly expressed transcripts are involved in several biological processes, including electron transport and exchanger mechanisms, flavonoid biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, ethylene production, signaling network and protein refolding. The comparisons demonstrated that mRNA-Seq is an efficient method for the analysis of differentially expressed genes and biological processes under salt stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20transport" title="electron transport">electron transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoid%20biosynthesis" title=" flavonoid biosynthesis"> flavonoid biosynthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20oxygen%20species" title=" reactive oxygen species"> reactive oxygen species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rnaseq" title=" rnaseq"> rnaseq</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42511/rna-seq-analysis-of-the-wild-barley-h-spontaneum-leaf-transcriptome-under-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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