CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Nitroso - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"22e28a2f-4822-4b9a-8eda-64d5001daed3","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Nitroso","wgTitle":"Nitroso","wgCurRevisionId":1276085277,"wgRevisionId":1276085277,"wgArticleId":3377359,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Digestive system","Nitrosamines","Functional groups","Nitroso compounds","Nitrosyl compounds"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Nitroso","wgRelevantArticleId":3377359,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":7000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q57712202","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.20"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nitroso-compound-2D.svg/1200px-Nitroso-compound-2D.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="581"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nitroso-compound-2D.svg/800px-Nitroso-compound-2D.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="388"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nitroso-compound-2D.svg/640px-Nitroso-compound-2D.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="310"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Nitroso - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroso"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroso"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Nitroso rootpage-Nitroso skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nitroso" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nitroso" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nitroso" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nitroso" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Synthesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Synthesis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synthesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Properties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Properties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Properties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Properties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nitrosyl_in_inorganic_chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nitrosyl_in_inorganic_chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nitrosyl in inorganic chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nitrosyl_in_inorganic_chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_human_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_human_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In human health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_human_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitroso</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88" title="نتروزو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نتروزو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrososlou%C4%8Deniny" title="Nitrososloučeniny – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nitrososloučeniny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroso" title="Nitroso – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nitroso" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroso" title="Nitroso – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nitroso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroso" title="Nitroso – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nitroso" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88" title="نیتروسو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیتروسو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroso" title="Nitroso – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nitroso" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrozo-spojevi" title="Nitrozo-spojevi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nitrozo-spojevi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroso" title="Nitroso – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nitroso" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosoderivati" title="Nitrosoderivati – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nitrosoderivati" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrozocsoport" title="Nitrozocsoport – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nitrozocsoport" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Нитрозност – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нитрозност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroso" title="Nitroso – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nitroso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrozoderivat" title="Nitrozoderivat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nitrozoderivat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrozo" title="Nitrozo – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Nitrozo" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosoyhdisteet" title="Nitrosoyhdisteet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nitrosoyhdisteet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosyl" title="Nitrosyl – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nitrosyl" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E5%9F%BA" title="亚硝基 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚硝基" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q57712202#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nitroso" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Nitroso" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nitroso"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nitroso"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Nitroso" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Nitroso" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&oldid=1276085277" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Nitroso&id=1276085277&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNitroso"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNitroso"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Nitroso&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q57712202" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Class of functional groups with a –N=O group attached</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Nitrosyl" redirects here. For the analogous concept in metalorganic chemistry, see <a href="/wiki/Metal_nitrosyl_complex" title="Metal nitrosyl complex">metal nitrosyl complex</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitroso-compound-2D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nitroso-compound-2D.svg/220px-Nitroso-compound-2D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nitroso-compound-2D.svg/330px-Nitroso-compound-2D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nitroso-compound-2D.svg/440px-Nitroso-compound-2D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="248" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Structural_formula" title="Structural formula">Structural formula</a> of nitroso group</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">organic chemistry</a>, <b>nitroso</b> refers to a <a href="/wiki/Functional_group" title="Functional group">functional group</a> in which the <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">nitric oxide</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">−N=O</span>) group is attached to an organic <a href="/wiki/Moiety_(chemistry)" title="Moiety (chemistry)">moiety</a>. As such, various nitroso groups can be categorized as <i>C</i>-nitroso compounds (e.g., nitroso<a href="/wiki/Alkane" title="Alkane">alkanes</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">R−N=O</span>), <i>S</i>-nitroso compounds (<a href="/wiki/S-Nitrosothiol" title="S-Nitrosothiol">nitrosothiols</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">RS−N=O</span>), <i>N</i>-nitroso compounds (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Nitrosamines" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrosamines">nitrosamines</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">RN(−R’)−N=O</span>), and <i>O</i>-nitroso compounds (<a href="/wiki/Alkyl_nitrites" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkyl nitrites">alkyl nitrites</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">RO−N=O</span>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synthesis">Synthesis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Synthesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nitrosation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrosation">Nitrosation</a></div> <p>Nitroso compounds can be prepared by the reduction of <a href="/wiki/Nitro_compound" title="Nitro compound">nitro compounds</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or by the oxidation of <a href="/wiki/Hydroxylamine" title="Hydroxylamine">hydroxylamines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ortho-nitrosophenols may be produced by the <a href="/wiki/Baudisch_reaction" title="Baudisch reaction">Baudisch reaction</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Fischer%E2%80%93Hepp_rearrangement" title="Fischer–Hepp rearrangement">Fischer–Hepp rearrangement</a>, aromatic 4-nitrosoanilines are prepared from the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Nitrosamine" title="Nitrosamine">nitrosamines</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VIYMEX.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/VIYMEX.png/250px-VIYMEX.png" decoding="async" width="132" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/VIYMEX.png/330px-VIYMEX.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1274" /></a><figcaption>Structure of 2-nitrosotoluene dimer<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Nitrosoarenes typically participate in a <a href="/wiki/Dimerization_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimerization (chemistry)">monomer–dimer equilibrium</a>. The azobenzene <i>N</i>,<i>N'-</i>dioxide (Ar(<sup>–</sup>O)N<sup>+</sup>=<sup>+</sup>N(O<sup>–</sup>)Ar) dimers, which are often pale yellow, are generally favored in the solid state, whereas the deep-green monomers are favored in dilute solution or at higher temperatures. They exist as <a href="/wiki/Cis-trans_isomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cis-trans isomer"><i>cis</i> and <i>trans</i> isomers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central "double bond" in the dimer in fact has a bond order of about 1.5.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When stored in <a href="/wiki/Protic_solvent" title="Protic solvent">protic media</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primary_carbon" title="Primary carbon">primary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_carbon" title="Secondary carbon">secondary</a> nitrosoalkanes <a href="/wiki/Rearrangement_reaction" title="Rearrangement reaction">isomerize</a> to <a href="/wiki/Oxime" title="Oxime">oximes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TildenLect_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TildenLect-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some tertiary nitrosoalkanes also isomerize to oximes through C-C bond fission, particularly if the bond is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron-poor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron-poor (page does not exist)">electron-poor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams198836_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams198836-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nitrosophenols and naphthols isomerize to the oxime <a href="/wiki/Quinone" title="Quinone">quinone</a> in solution, but reversibly; nitrosophenol ethers typically dealkylate to facilitate the isomerization. Nitroso tertiary anilines generally do not dealkylate in that way.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams198859–61_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams198859–61-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the stability of the nitric oxide <a href="/wiki/Free_radical" class="mw-redirect" title="Free radical">free radical</a>, nitroso organyls tend to have very low C–N <a href="/wiki/Bond_dissociation_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bond dissociation energy">bond dissociation energies</a>: nitrosoalkanes have BDEs on the order of 30–40 kcal/mol (130–170 kJ/mol), while nitrosoarenes have BDEs on the order of 50–60 kcal/mol (210–250 kJ/mol). As a consequence, they are generally heat- and light-sensitive. Compounds containing O–(NO) or N–(NO) bonds generally have even lower bond dissociation energies. For instance, <a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Nitrosodiphenylamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (page does not exist)"><i>N</i>-nitrosodiphenylamine</a>, Ph<sub>2</sub>N–N=O, has a N–N bond dissociation energy of only 23 kcal/mol (96 kJ/mol).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Organonitroso compounds serve as a <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">ligands</a> giving <a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_nitroso_complexes" title="Transition metal nitroso complexes">transition metal nitroso complexes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GBRA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBRA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many reactions make use of an intermediate nitroso compound, such as the <a href="/wiki/Barton_reaction" title="Barton reaction">Barton reaction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Davis%E2%80%93Beirut_reaction" title="Davis–Beirut reaction">Davis–Beirut reaction</a>, as well as the synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Indole" title="Indole">indoles</a>, for example: <a href="/wiki/Baeyer%E2%80%93Emmerling_indole_synthesis" title="Baeyer–Emmerling indole synthesis">Baeyer–Emmerling indole synthesis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bartoli_indole_synthesis" title="Bartoli indole synthesis">Bartoli indole synthesis</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Saville_reaction" title="Saville reaction">Saville reaction</a>, mercury is used to replace a nitrosyl from a thiol group. </p><p><i>C</i>-nitroso compounds are used in organic synthesis as synthons in some well-documented chemical reactions such as hetero Diels-Alder (HDA), nitroso-ene and nitroso-aldol reactions.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nitrosyl_in_inorganic_chemistry">Nitrosyl in inorganic chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nitrosyl in inorganic chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metal-nitrosyl-coordination-modes-2D.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Metal-nitrosyl-coordination-modes-2D.png/100px-Metal-nitrosyl-coordination-modes-2D.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Metal-nitrosyl-coordination-modes-2D.png/150px-Metal-nitrosyl-coordination-modes-2D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Metal-nitrosyl-coordination-modes-2D.png/200px-Metal-nitrosyl-coordination-modes-2D.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1071" /></a><figcaption>Linear and bent metal nitrosyls</figcaption></figure> <p>Nitrosyls are non-organic compounds containing the NO group, for example directly bound to the metal via the N atom, giving a metal–NO moiety. Alternatively, a <a href="/wiki/Nonmetal_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonmetal (chemistry)">nonmetal</a> example is the common reagent <a href="/wiki/Nitrosyl_chloride" title="Nitrosyl chloride">nitrosyl chloride</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">Cl−N=O</span>). Nitric oxide is a stable <a href="/wiki/Radical_(chemistry)" title="Radical (chemistry)">radical</a>, having an unpaired electron. Reduction of nitric oxide gives the nitrosyl <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">NO<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></span>: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">NO + e<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup> → NO<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></span></dd></dl> <p>Oxidation of NO yields the <a href="/wiki/Nitrosonium" title="Nitrosonium">nitrosonium</a> <a href="/wiki/Cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cation">cation</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">NO<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup></span>: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">NO → NO<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup> + e<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></span></dd></dl> <p>Nitric oxide can serve as a <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">ligand</a> forming <a href="/wiki/Metal_nitrosyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal nitrosyl">metal nitrosyl complexes</a> or just metal nitrosyls. These complexes can be viewed as adducts of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">NO<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">NO<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></span>, or some intermediate case. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_human_health">In human health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In human health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/Nitrosamine_formation_during_digestion" title="Nitrosamine formation during digestion">Nitrosamine formation during digestion</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitrosamine_formation_during_digestion&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitrosamine_formation_during_digestion&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nitroso</a> compounds react with <a href="/wiki/Primary_amine" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary amine">primary amines</a> in acidic environments to form <a href="/wiki/Nitrosamine" title="Nitrosamine">nitrosamines</a>, which human metabolism converts to mutagenic <a href="/wiki/Diazo_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Diazo compound">diazo compounds</a>. Small amounts of nitro and nitroso compounds form during meat <a href="/wiki/Curing_(food_preservation)" title="Curing (food preservation)">curing</a>; the toxicity of these compounds <a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">preserves</a> the meat against <a href="/wiki/Spoilage_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoilage (food)">bacterial infection</a>. After curing completes, the concentration of these compounds appears to degrade over time. Their presence in finished products has been tightly regulated since several food-poisoning cases in the early 20th century,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but consumption of large quantities of processed meats can still cause a slight elevation in <a href="/wiki/Stomach_cancer" title="Stomach cancer">gastric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oesophageal_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Oesophageal cancer">oesophageal cancer</a> risk today.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For example, during the 1970s, certain <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norwegian</a> farm animals began exhibiting elevated levels of <a href="/wiki/Liver_cancer" title="Liver cancer">liver cancer</a>. These animals had been fed <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a> <a href="/wiki/Fish_meal" title="Fish meal">meal</a> preserved with <a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitrite" title="Sodium nitrite">sodium nitrite</a>. The sodium nitrite had reacted with <a href="/wiki/Dimethylamine" title="Dimethylamine">dimethylamine</a> in the fish and produced <a href="/wiki/N-Nitrosodimethylamine" title="N-Nitrosodimethylamine">dimethylnitrosamine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The effects of nitroso compounds vary dramatically across the gastrointestinal tract, and with diet. Nitroso compounds present in stool do not induce nitrosamine formation, because stool has neutral <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stomach_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Stomach acid">Stomach acid</a> catalyzes nitrosamine compound formation and is the main location of the reaction during digestion.<sup id="cite_ref-acid_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acid-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The formation process is inhibited when amine concentration is low (e.g. a low-protein diet or no fermented food). The process may also be inhibited in the case of high <a href="/wiki/Ascorbic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascorbic acid">vitamin C (ascorbic acid)</a> or <a href="/wiki/Erythorbic_acid" title="Erythorbic acid">erythorbic acid</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> concentration (e.g. high-fruit diet).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, when 10% of the meal is fat, the effect reverses, and ascorbic acid markedly increases nitrosamine formation.<sup id="cite_ref-acid_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acid-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vitamin C and erythorbic acid are already commonly used in the meat industry because they enhance the binding of nitrite to myoglobin, encouraging the formation of the desired pink color.<sup id="cite_ref-ind_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ind-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrosamine" title="Nitrosamine">Nitrosamine</a>, the functional group with the NO attached to an amine, such as R<sub>2</sub>N–NO</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrosobenzene" title="Nitrosobenzene">Nitrosobenzene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Nitric oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxyl" title="Nitroxyl">Nitroxyl</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFG._H._ColemanC._M._McCloskeyF._A._Stuart1945" class="citation journal cs1">G. H. Coleman; C. M. McCloskey; F. A. Stuart (1945). "Nitrosobenzene". <i>Org. Synth</i>. <b>25</b>: 80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15227%2Forgsyn.025.0080">10.15227/orgsyn.025.0080</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Org.+Synth.&rft.atitle=Nitrosobenzene&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=80&rft.date=1945&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15227%2Forgsyn.025.0080&rft.au=G.+H.+Coleman&rft.au=C.+M.+McCloskey&rft.au=F.+A.+Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCalderForresterHepburn" class="citation journal cs1">Calder, A.; Forrester, A. R.; Hepburn, S. P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orgsyn.org/demo.aspx?prep=cv6p0803">"2-Methyl-2-nitrosopropane and Its Dimer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Organic_Syntheses" title="Organic Syntheses">Organic Syntheses</a></i>. <b>52</b>: 77</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Organic+Syntheses&rft.atitle=2-Methyl-2-nitrosopropane+and+Its+Dimer&rft.volume=52&rft.pages=77&rft.aulast=Calder&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Forrester%2C+A.+R.&rft.au=Hepburn%2C+S.+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orgsyn.org%2Fdemo.aspx%3Fprep%3Dcv6p0803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Collected Volumes</i>, vol. 6, p. 803</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collected+Volumes&rft.pages=803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFE.Bosch2014" class="citation journal cs1">E.Bosch (2014). "Structural Analysis of Methyl-Substituted Nitrosobenzenes and Nitrosoanisoles". <i>J. Chem. Cryst</i>. <b>98</b> (2): 44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10870-013-0489-8">10.1007/s10870-013-0489-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:95291018">95291018</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Chem.+Cryst.&rft.atitle=Structural+Analysis+of+Methyl-Substituted+Nitrosobenzenes+and+Nitrosoanisoles&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=44&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10870-013-0489-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A95291018%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=E.Bosch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeaudoin,_D.Wuest,_J._D.2016" class="citation journal cs1">Beaudoin, D.; Wuest, J. D. (2016). "Dimerization of Aromatic <i>C</i>-Nitroso Compounds". <i>Chemical Reviews</i>. <b>116</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">258–</span>286. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr500520s">10.1021/cr500520s</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26730505">26730505</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Reviews&rft.atitle=Dimerization+of+Aromatic+C-Nitroso+Compounds&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E258-%3C%2Fspan%3E286&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcr500520s&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26730505&rft.au=Beaudoin%2C+D.&rft.au=Wuest%2C+J.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1988" class="citation book cs1">Williams, D. L. H. (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nitrosation0000will"><i>Nitrosation</i></a></span>. Cambridge, UK: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University</a>. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-26796-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-26796-X"><bdi>0-521-26796-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nitrosation&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Cambridge+University&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-521-26796-X&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=D.+L.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnitrosation0000will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TildenLect-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TildenLect_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKirby1977" class="citation journal cs1">Kirby, G. W. (1977). "Electrophilic C-nitroso-compounds". <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>. <b>6</b>: 2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FCS9770600001">10.1039/CS9770600001</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Society+Reviews&rft.atitle=Electrophilic+C-nitroso-compounds&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FCS9770600001&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=G.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span> (Tilden lecture).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams198836-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams198836_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1988">Williams 1988</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams198859–61-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams198859–61_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1988">Williams 1988</a>, pp. 59–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLuo2007" class="citation book cs1">Luo, Yu-Ran (2007). <i>Comprehensive Handbook of Chemical Bond Energies</i>. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781420007282" title="Special:BookSources/9781420007282"><bdi>9781420007282</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comprehensive+Handbook+of+Chemical+Bond+Energies&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+FL&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781420007282&rft.aulast=Luo&rft.aufirst=Yu-Ran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GBRA-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GBRA_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeeChenWestRichter-Addo2002" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Jonghyuk; Chen, Li; West, Ann H.; Richter-Addo, George B. (2002). "Interactions of Organic Nitroso Compounds with Metals". <i>Chemical Reviews</i>. <b>102</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">1019–</span>1066. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr0000731">10.1021/cr0000731</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11942786">11942786</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Reviews&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+Organic+Nitroso+Compounds+with+Metals&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1019-%3C%2Fspan%3E1066&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcr0000731&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11942786&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Jonghyuk&rft.au=Chen%2C+Li&rft.au=West%2C+Ann+H.&rft.au=Richter-Addo%2C+George+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBianchi,_P.Monbaliu,_J._C._M.2022" class="citation journal cs1">Bianchi, P.; Monbaliu, J. C. M. (2022). "Three decades of unveiling the complex chemistry of <i>C</i>-nitroso species with computational chemistry". <i>Organic Chemistry Frontiers</i>. <b>9</b>: <span class="nowrap">223–</span>264. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fd1qo01415c">10.1039/d1qo01415c</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Organic+Chemistry+Frontiers&rft.atitle=Three+decades+of+unveiling+the+complex+chemistry+of+C-nitroso+species+with+computational+chemistry&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E223-%3C%2Fspan%3E264&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fd1qo01415c&rft.au=Bianchi%2C+P.&rft.au=Monbaliu%2C+J.+C.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHonikel2008" class="citation journal cs1">Honikel, K. O. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://innocua.net/web/download-2035/1-s2.0-s0309174007001994-main.pdf">"The use an control of nitrate and nitrite for the processing of meat products"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Meat Science</i>. <b>78</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">68–</span>76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.meatsci.2007.05.030">10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.05.030</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22062097">22062097</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meat+Science&rft.atitle=The+use+an+control+of+nitrate+and+nitrite+for+the+processing+of+meat+products&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E68-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.meatsci.2007.05.030&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22062097&rft.aulast=Honikel&rft.aufirst=K.+O.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finnocua.net%2Fweb%2Fdownload-2035%2F1-s2.0-s0309174007001994-main.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLunnKuhnleMaiFrankenfeld2006" class="citation journal cs1">Lunn, J.C.; Kuhnle, G.; Mai, V.; Frankenfeld, C.; Shuker, D.E.G.; Glen, R. C.; Goodman, J.M.; Pollock, J.R.A.; Bingham, S.A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/carcin/article/28/3/685/2476497">"The effect of haem in red and processed meat on the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds in the upper gastrointestinal tract"</a>. <i>Carcinogenesis</i>. <b>28</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">685–</span>690. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcarcin%2Fbgl192">10.1093/carcin/bgl192</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17052997">17052997</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+haem+in+red+and+processed+meat+on+the+endogenous+formation+of+N-nitroso+compounds+in+the+upper+gastrointestinal+tract&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E685-%3C%2Fspan%3E690&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fcarcin%2Fbgl192&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17052997&rft.aulast=Lunn&rft.aufirst=J.C.&rft.au=Kuhnle%2C+G.&rft.au=Mai%2C+V.&rft.au=Frankenfeld%2C+C.&rft.au=Shuker%2C+D.E.G.&rft.au=Glen%2C+R.+C.&rft.au=Goodman%2C+J.M.&rft.au=Pollock%2C+J.R.A.&rft.au=Bingham%2C+S.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fcarcin%2Farticle%2F28%2F3%2F685%2F2476497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBastidePierreCorpet2011" class="citation journal cs1">Bastide, Nadia M.; Pierre, Fabrice H.F.; Corpet, Denis E. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cancerpreventionresearch.aacrjournals.org/content/4/2/177">"Heme Iron from Meat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis and a Review of the Mechanisms Involved"</a>. <i>Cancer Prevention Research</i>. <b>4</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">177–</span>184. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1158%2F1940-6207.CAPR-10-0113">10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0113</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21209396">21209396</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4951579">4951579</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Prevention+Research&rft.atitle=Heme+Iron+from+Meat+and+Risk+of+Colorectal+Cancer%3A+A+Meta-analysis+and+a+Review+of+the+Mechanisms+Involved&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E177-%3C%2Fspan%3E184&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4951579%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21209396&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1158%2F1940-6207.CAPR-10-0113&rft.aulast=Bastide&rft.aufirst=Nadia+M.&rft.au=Pierre%2C+Fabrice+H.F.&rft.au=Corpet%2C+Denis+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcancerpreventionresearch.aacrjournals.org%2Fcontent%2F4%2F2%2F177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBastideChenniAudebertSantarelli2015" class="citation journal cs1">Bastide, Nadia M.; Chenni, Fatima; Audebert, Marc; Santarelli, Raphaelle L.; Taché, Sylviane; Naud, Nathalie; Baradat, Maryse; Jouanin, Isabelle; Surya, Reggie; Hobbs, Ditte A.; Kuhnle, Gunter G.; Raymond-Letron, Isabelle; Gueraud, Françoise; Corpet, Denis E.; Pierre, Fabrice H.F. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/75/5/870">"A Central Role for Heme Iron in Colon Carcinogenesis Associated with Red Meat Intake"</a>. <i>Cancer Research</i>. <b>75</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">870–</span>879. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-14-2554">10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-2554</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25592152">25592152</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13274953">13274953</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=A+Central+Role+for+Heme+Iron+in+Colon+Carcinogenesis+Associated+with+Red+Meat+Intake&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E870-%3C%2Fspan%3E879&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13274953%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25592152&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-14-2554&rft.aulast=Bastide&rft.aufirst=Nadia+M.&rft.au=Chenni%2C+Fatima&rft.au=Audebert%2C+Marc&rft.au=Santarelli%2C+Raphaelle+L.&rft.au=Tach%C3%A9%2C+Sylviane&rft.au=Naud%2C+Nathalie&rft.au=Baradat%2C+Maryse&rft.au=Jouanin%2C+Isabelle&rft.au=Surya%2C+Reggie&rft.au=Hobbs%2C+Ditte+A.&rft.au=Kuhnle%2C+Gunter+G.&rft.au=Raymond-Letron%2C+Isabelle&rft.au=Gueraud%2C+Fran%C3%A7oise&rft.au=Corpet%2C+Denis+E.&rft.au=Pierre%2C+Fabrice+H.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcancerres.aacrjournals.org%2Fcontent%2F75%2F5%2F870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJakszynGonzalez2006" class="citation journal cs1">Jakszyn, P; Gonzalez, CA (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4087738">"Nitrosamine and related food intake and gastric and oesophageal cancer risk: A systematic review of the epidemiological evidence"</a>. <i>World Journal of Gastroenterology</i>. <b>12</b> (27): <span class="nowrap">4296–</span>4303. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3748%2Fwjg.v12.i27.4296">10.3748/wjg.v12.i27.4296</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4087738">4087738</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16865769">16865769</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=Nitrosamine+and+related+food+intake+and+gastric+and+oesophageal+cancer+risk%3A+A+systematic+review+of+the+epidemiological+evidence&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=27&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4296-%3C%2Fspan%3E4303&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4087738%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16865769&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3748%2Fwjg.v12.i27.4296&rft.aulast=Jakszyn&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Gonzalez%2C+CA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4087738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoyce_I._BoyeYves_Arcand2012" class="citation book cs1">Joyce I. Boye; Yves Arcand (2012-01-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k617lqxxDSgC&pg=PA573"><i>Green Technologies in Food Production and Processing</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 573. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-1586-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-1586-2"><bdi>978-1-4614-1586-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Green+Technologies+in+Food+Production+and+Processing&rft.pages=573&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012-01-10&rft.isbn=978-1-4614-1586-2&rft.au=Joyce+I.+Boye&rft.au=Yves+Arcand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk617lqxxDSgC%26pg%3DPA573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeeArcherBruce1981" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, L; Archer, MC; Bruce, WR (October 1981). "Absence of volatile nitrosamines in human feces". <i>Cancer Res</i>. <b>41</b> (10): <span class="nowrap">3992–</span>4. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7285009">7285009</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Res.&rft.atitle=Absence+of+volatile+nitrosamines+in+human+feces&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3992-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.date=1981-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7285009&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Archer%2C+MC&rft.au=Bruce%2C+WR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKuhnleStoryReda2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kuhnle, GG; Story, GW; Reda, T; et al. (October 2007). "Diet-induced endogenous formation of nitroso compounds in the GI tract". <i>Free Radic. Biol. Med</i>. <b>43</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">1040–</span>7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.freeradbiomed.2007.03.011">10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.03.011</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17761300">17761300</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Radic.+Biol.+Med.&rft.atitle=Diet-induced+endogenous+formation+of+nitroso+compounds+in+the+GI+tract&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1040-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=2007-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.freeradbiomed.2007.03.011&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17761300&rft.aulast=Kuhnle&rft.aufirst=GG&rft.au=Story%2C+GW&rft.au=Reda%2C+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acid-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-acid_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acid_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCombetPatersonIijimaWinter2007" class="citation journal cs1">Combet, E.; Paterson, S; Iijima, K; Winter, J; Mullen, W; Crozier, A; Preston, T; McColl, K. E. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2095705">"Fat transforms ascorbic acid from inhibiting to promoting acid-catalysed <i>N</i>-nitrosation"</a>. <i>Gut</i>. <b>56</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">1678–</span>1684. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fgut.2007.128587">10.1136/gut.2007.128587</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2095705">2095705</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17785370">17785370</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gut&rft.atitle=Fat+transforms+ascorbic+acid+from+inhibiting+to+promoting+acid-catalysed+N-nitrosation&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1678-%3C%2Fspan%3E1684&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2095705%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17785370&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fgut.2007.128587&rft.aulast=Combet&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Paterson%2C+S&rft.au=Iijima%2C+K&rft.au=Winter%2C+J&rft.au=Mullen%2C+W&rft.au=Crozier%2C+A&rft.au=Preston%2C+T&rft.au=McColl%2C+K.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2095705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerrmannGranbyDuedahl-Olesen2015" class="citation journal cs1">Herrmann, S.S.; Granby, K.; Duedahl-Olesen, L. (May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foodchem.2014.11.101">"Formation and mitigation of N-nitrosamines in nitrite preserved cooked sausages"</a>. <i>Food Chemistry</i>. <b>174</b>: <span class="nowrap">516–</span>526. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foodchem.2014.11.101">10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.101</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Formation+and+mitigation+of+N-nitrosamines+in+nitrite+preserved+cooked+sausages&rft.volume=174&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E516-%3C%2Fspan%3E526&rft.date=2015-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.foodchem.2014.11.101&rft.aulast=Herrmann&rft.aufirst=S.S.&rft.au=Granby%2C+K.&rft.au=Duedahl-Olesen%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.foodchem.2014.11.101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMirvishWallcaveEagenShubik1972" class="citation journal cs1">Mirvish, SS; Wallcave, L; Eagen, M; Shubik, P (July 1972). "Ascorbate–nitrite reaction: possible means of blocking the formation of carcinogenic <i>N</i>-nitroso compounds". <i>Science</i>. <b>177</b> (4043): <span class="nowrap">65–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972Sci...177...65M">1972Sci...177...65M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.177.4043.65">10.1126/science.177.4043.65</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5041776">5041776</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26275960">26275960</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Ascorbate%E2%80%93nitrite+reaction%3A+possible+means+of+blocking+the+formation+of+carcinogenic+N-nitroso+compounds&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=4043&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E65-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=1972-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.177.4043.65&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26275960%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5041776&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1972Sci...177...65M&rft.aulast=Mirvish&rft.aufirst=SS&rft.au=Wallcave%2C+L&rft.au=Eagen%2C+M&rft.au=Shubik%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMirvish1986" class="citation journal cs1">Mirvish, SS (October 1986). "Effects of vitamins C and E on <i>N</i>-nitroso compound formation, carcinogenesis, and cancer". <i>Cancer</i>. <b>58</b> (8 Suppl): <span class="nowrap">1842–</span>50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F1097-0142%2819861015%2958%3A8%2B%3C1842%3A%3Aaid-cncr2820581410%3E3.0.co%3B2-%23">10.1002/1097-0142(19861015)58:8+<1842::aid-cncr2820581410>3.0.co;2-#</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3756808">3756808</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:196379002">196379002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer&rft.atitle=Effects+of+vitamins+C+and+E+on+N-nitroso+compound+formation%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+cancer&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8+Suppl&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1842-%3C%2Fspan%3E50&rft.date=1986-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A196379002%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3756808&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F1097-0142%2819861015%2958%3A8%2B%3C1842%3A%3Aaid-cncr2820581410%3E3.0.co%3B2-%23&rft.aulast=Mirvish&rft.aufirst=SS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTannenbaumWishnokLeaf1991" class="citation journal cs1">Tannenbaum SR, Wishnok JS, Leaf CD (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1985394">"Inhibition of nitrosamine formation by ascorbic acid"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Journal_of_Clinical_Nutrition" title="The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition">The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</a></i>. <b>53</b> (1 Suppl): <span class="nowrap">247S –</span> <span class="nowrap">250S</span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987NYASA.498..354T">1987NYASA.498..354T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.1987.tb23774.x">10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb23774.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1985394">1985394</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41045030">41045030</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-06</span></span>. <q>Evidence now exists that ascorbic acid is a limiting factor in nitrosation reactions in people.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+nitrosamine+formation+by+ascorbic+acid&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1+Suppl&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E247S+-%3C%2Fspan%3E+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E250S%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.1987.tb23774.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41045030%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1985394&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1987NYASA.498..354T&rft.aulast=Tannenbaum&rft.aufirst=SR&rft.au=Wishnok%2C+JS&rft.au=Leaf%2C+CD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajcn.org%2Fcgi%2Fpmidlookup%3Fview%3Dlong%26pmid%3D1985394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCombetEl_MesmariPrestonCrozier2010" class="citation journal cs1">Combet, E; El Mesmari, A; Preston, T; Crozier, A; McColl, K. E. (2010). "Dietary phenolic acids and ascorbic acid: Influence on acid-catalyzed nitrosative chemistry in the presence and absence of lipids". <i>Free Radical Biology and Medicine</i>. <b>48</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">763–</span>771. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.freeradbiomed.2009.12.011">10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.12.011</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20026204">20026204</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Radical+Biology+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Dietary+phenolic+acids+and+ascorbic+acid%3A+Influence+on+acid-catalyzed+nitrosative+chemistry+in+the+presence+and+absence+of+lipids&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E763-%3C%2Fspan%3E771&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.freeradbiomed.2009.12.011&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20026204&rft.aulast=Combet&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=El+Mesmari%2C+A&rft.au=Preston%2C+T&rft.au=Crozier%2C+A&rft.au=McColl%2C+K.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ind-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ind_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPappenbergerHohmann2013" class="citation journal cs1">Pappenberger, Günter; Hohmann, Hans-Peter (2013). "Industrial Production of l-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) and d-Isoascorbic Acid". <i>Biotechnology of Food and Feed Additives</i>. <b>143</b>: <span class="nowrap">143–</span>188. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F10_2013_243">10.1007/10_2013_243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+of+Food+and+Feed+Additives&rft.atitle=Industrial+Production+of+l-Ascorbic+Acid+%28Vitamin+C%29+and+d-Isoascorbic+Acid&rft.volume=143&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E143-%3C%2Fspan%3E188&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F10_2013_243&rft.aulast=Pappenberger&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCnter&rft.au=Hohmann%2C+Hans-Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitroso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Functional_groups729" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Functional_groups" title="Template:Functional groups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Functional_groups" title="Template talk:Functional groups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Functional_groups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Functional groups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Functional_groups729" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Functional_group" title="Functional group">Functional groups</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">Hydrocarbons</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(only C and H)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkyl">Alkyl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_group" title="Methyl group">Methyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_group" title="Ethyl group">Ethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propyl_group" title="Propyl group">Propyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopropyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclopropyl">Cyclopropyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyl_group" title="Butyl group">Butyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentyl_group" title="Pentyl group">Pentyl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylene_group" title="Methylene group">Methylene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methylene_bridge" title="Methylene bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methine_group" title="Methine group">Methine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkene" title="Alkene">Alkene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_group" title="Vinyl group">Vinyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyl_group" title="Allyl group">Allyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propenyl" title="Propenyl">1-Propenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotyl_group" title="Crotyl group">Crotyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allenes" title="Allenes">Allene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumulene" title="Cumulene">Cumulene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryl" class="mw-redirect" title="Aryl">Aryl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phenyl_group" title="Phenyl group">Phenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzyl_group" title="Benzyl group">Benzyl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkyne" title="Alkyne">Alkyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbene" title="Carbene">Carbene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Only <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <br />and <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(only C, H and O)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R-O-R</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetal" title="Acetal">Acetal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)" title="Alcohol (chemistry)">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkoxy_group" title="Alkoxy group">Alkoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methoxy_group" title="Methoxy group">Methoxy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ether" title="Ether">Ether</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enol_ether" title="Enol ether">Enol ether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoxide" title="Epoxide">Epoxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_peroxides" title="Organic peroxides">Peroxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydroperoxide" title="Hydroperoxide">Hydroperoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioxirane" title="Dioxirane">Dioxiranes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylenedioxy" title="Ethylenedioxy">Ethylenedioxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxy" title="Methylenedioxy">Methylenedioxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carbonyl_group" title="Carbonyl group">carbonyl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acyl_group" title="Acyl group">Acyl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetyl_group" title="Acetyl group">Acetyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acryloyl_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Acryloyl group">Acryloyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzoyl_group" title="Benzoyl group">Benzoyl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldehyde" title="Aldehyde">Aldehyde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketene" title="Ketene">Ketene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketone" title="Ketone">Ketone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ynone" title="Ynone">Ynone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reductone" title="Reductone">Reductone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">carboxy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carboxylic_acid" title="Carboxylic acid">Carboxyl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetoxy_group" title="Acetoxy group">Acetoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboxylic_anhydride" class="mw-redirect" title="Carboxylic anhydride">Anhydride</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">Ester</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthoester" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthoester">Orthoester</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Only one <br />element, <br />not being <br />carbon, <br />hydrogen, <br />or oxygen <br /><span class="nobold">(one element, <br />not C, H or O)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amine" title="Amine">Amine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enamine" title="Enamine">Enamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaternary_ammonium_cation" title="Quaternary ammonium cation">Ammonium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrazines" title="Hydrazines">Hydrazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrene" title="Nitrene">Nitrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imine" title="Imine">Imine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxime" title="Oxime">Oxime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrazone" title="Hydrazone">Hydrazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azo_compound" title="Azo compound">Azo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amide_(functional_group)" title="Amide (functional group)">Amide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidate" class="mw-redirect" title="Imidate">Imidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amidine" title="Amidine">Amidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbamate" title="Carbamate">Carbamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imide" title="Imide">Imide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrile" title="Nitrile">Nitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocyanide" title="Isocyanide">Isonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanate_ester" title="Cyanate ester">Cyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocyanate" title="Isocyanate">Isocyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrate_ester" title="Nitrate ester">Nitrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrite_ester" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrite ester">Nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitro_compound" title="Nitro compound">Nitro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nitroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NONOate" title="NONOate">NONOate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Silicon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silane" title="Silane">Silane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrosilane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrosilane">Hydrosilane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorosilane" title="Chlorosilane">Chlorosilane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organosilicon_chemistry#Silenes" title="Organosilicon chemistry">Silene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silanol" title="Silanol">Silanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siloxide" title="Siloxide">Siloxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siloxane" title="Siloxane">Siloxane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silanone" title="Silanone">Silanone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silyl_ether" title="Silyl ether">Silether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalloles" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalloles">Silole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silatrane" class="mw-redirect" title="Silatrane">Silatrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicate" title="Silicate">Silicate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organophosphate" title="Organophosphate">Phosphate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phosphodiester" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphodiester">Phosphodiester</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphonate" title="Phosphonate">Phosphonate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phosphite_ester" title="Phosphite ester">Phosphite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphonite" title="Phosphonite">Phosphonous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphinate" title="Phosphinate">Phosphinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphine_oxide" title="Phosphine oxide">Phosphine oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organophosphine" title="Organophosphine">Phosphine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phosphonium" title="Phosphonium">Phosphonium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphaalkene" title="Phosphaalkene">Phosphaalkene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphaalkyne" title="Phosphaalkyne">Phosphaalkyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Phosphaallenes" title="1-Phosphaallenes">Phosphaallene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiol" title="Thiol">Thiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioether" class="mw-redirect" title="Thioether">Thioether</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfonium" title="Sulfonium">Sulfonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thia-crown_ether" title="Thia-crown ether">Thia-crown ether</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persulfide" title="Persulfide">Persulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfide" title="Disulfide">Disulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfenic_acid" title="Sulfenic acid">Sulfenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiosulfinate" title="Thiosulfinate">Thiosulfinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfoxide" title="Sulfoxide">Sulfoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiosulfonate" title="Thiosulfonate">Thiosulfonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfinic_acid" title="Sulfinic acid">Sulfinic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfone" title="Sulfone">Sulfone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfonic_acid" title="Sulfonic acid">Sulfonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioketone" title="Thioketone">Thioketone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thial" title="Thial">Thial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioester" title="Thioester">Thioester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thionoester" class="mw-redirect" title="Thionoester">Thionoester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioxanthate" title="Thioxanthate">Thioxanthate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanthate" title="Xanthate">Xanthate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boronic_acid" title="Boronic acid">Boronic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borinic_acid" title="Borinic acid">Borinic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Selenium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selenol" title="Selenol">Selenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenonic_acid" title="Selenonic acid">Selenonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleninic_acid" title="Seleninic acid">Seleninic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenenic_acid" title="Selenenic acid">Selenenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selone" title="Selone">Selone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenide#Inorganic_selenides" title="Selenide">Selenoether</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Tellurium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tellurol" title="Tellurol">Tellurol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telluroketone" title="Telluroketone">Telluroketone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telluride_(chemistry)#Organic_tellurides" title="Telluride (chemistry)">telluroether</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polonium_hydride#Properties" title="Polonium hydride">Polonol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organopolonium_chemistry" title="Organopolonium chemistry">Polonoether</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Halocarbon" title="Halocarbon">Halo</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haloalkane" title="Haloalkane">Haloalkane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluoroethyl" title="Fluoroethyl">Fluoroethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifluoromethyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Trifluoromethyl">Trifluoromethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichloromethyl_group" title="Trichloromethyl group">Trichloromethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifluoromethoxy_group" title="Trifluoromethoxy group">Trifluoromethoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodane" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodane">Hypervalent iodine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_halide" title="Vinyl halide">Vinyl halide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_iodide_functional_group" title="Vinyl iodide functional group">Iodide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acyl_halide" title="Acyl halide">Acyl halide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acyl_chloride" title="Acyl chloride">Chloride</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perchlorate_ester" class="mw-redirect" title="Perchlorate ester">Perchlorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isothiocyanate" title="Isothiocyanate">Isothiocyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphoramides" title="Phosphoramides">Phosphoramides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfenyl_chloride" title="Sulfenyl chloride">Sulfenyl chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide" title="Sulfonamide">Sulfonamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_thiocyanates" title="Organic thiocyanates">Thiocyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfinylamine" title="Sulfinylamine">Sulfinylamines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">See also</span></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical classification">chemical classification</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">chemical nomenclature</a></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_inorganic_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry">inorganic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry">organic</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nitric_oxide_signaling_modulators330" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nitric_oxide_signaling_modulators" title="Template:Nitric oxide signaling modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nitric_oxide_signaling_modulators" title="Template talk:Nitric oxide signaling modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nitric_oxide_signaling_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nitric oxide signaling modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nitric_oxide_signaling_modulators330" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Nitric oxide</a> <a href="/wiki/Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">signaling</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Forms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxyl" title="Nitroxyl">Nitroxyl anion (NO<sup>−</sup>; oxonitrate(1-), hyponitrite anion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Nitric oxide (NO<sup>⋅</sup>; nitrogen monoxide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrosonium" title="Nitrosonium">Nitrosonium (NO<sup>+</sup>; nitrosyl cation)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_target" title="Biological target">Targets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="sGC33" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Soluble_guanylate_cyclase" class="mw-redirect" title="Soluble guanylate cyclase">sGC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Activators/stimulators:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataciguat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ataciguat (page does not exist)">Ataciguat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAY_41-2272&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAY 41-2272 (page does not exist)">BAY 41-2272</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAY_41-8543&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAY 41-8543 (page does not exist)">BAY 41-8543</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAY_60-4552&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAY 60-4552 (page does not exist)">BAY 60-4552</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BI-703704&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BI-703704 (page does not exist)">BI-703704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinaciguat" title="Cinaciguat">Cinaciguat (BAY 58-2667)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK-2181236A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK-2181236A (page does not exist)">GSK-2181236A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praliciguat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praliciguat (page does not exist)">Praliciguat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riociguat" title="Riociguat">Riociguat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vericiguat" title="Vericiguat">Vericiguat</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1H-(1,2,4)Oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1H-(1,2,4)Oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (page does not exist)">ODQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/NO_donor" class="mw-redirect" title="NO donor">NO donors</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Prodrug" title="Prodrug">prodrugs</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nitrate" title="Nitrate">Nitrates</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Diethylene_glycol_dinitrate" title="Diethylene glycol dinitrate">Diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythritol_tetranitrate" title="Erythritol tetranitrate">Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylene_glycol_dinitrate" title="Ethylene glycol dinitrate">Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN; nitroglycol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isosorbide_mononitrate" title="Isosorbide mononitrate">Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isosorbide_dinitrate" title="Isosorbide dinitrate">Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itramin_tosilate" title="Itramin tosilate">Itramin tosilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannitol_hexanitrate" title="Mannitol hexanitrate">Mannitol hexanitrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naproxcinod" title="Naproxcinod">Naproxcinod (nitronaproxen; AZD-3582, HCT-3012)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-466&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-466 (page does not exist)">NCX-466</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-2216&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-2216 (page does not exist)">NCX-2216</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-4016&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-4016 (page does not exist)">NCX-4016</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX_4040&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX 4040 (page does not exist)">NCX 4040</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-4215&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-4215 (page does not exist)">NCX-4215</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicorandil" title="Nicorandil">Nicorandil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipradilol" title="Nipradilol">Nipradilol (K-351)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrate" title="Nitrate">Nitrate (NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span>)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroatorvastatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitroatorvastatin (page does not exist)">Nitroatorvastatin (NCX-6560)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroflurbiprofen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitroflurbiprofen (page does not exist)">Nitroflurbiprofen (HCT-1026)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrofluvastatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrofluvastatin (page does not exist)">Nitrofluvastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroglycerin_(drug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitroglycerin (drug)">Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate (GTN))</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitropravastatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitropravastatin (page does not exist)">Nitropravastatin (NCX-6550)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaerithrityl_tetranitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate">Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propatylnitrate" title="Propatylnitrate">Propatylnitrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylene_glycol_dinitrate" title="Propylene glycol dinitrate">Propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_trioxodinitrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium trioxodinitrate (page does not exist)">Sodium trioxodinitrate (Angeli's salt)</a></li> <li>Tenitramine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolnitrate" title="Trolnitrate">Trolnitrate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nitroso_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitroso compound">Nitroso compounds</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">nitrites</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">Nitrite (NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>)</a>; <i>O-Nitroso compounds (<a href="/wiki/Alkyl_nitrite" title="Alkyl nitrite">alkyl nitrites</a>):</i> <a href="/wiki/Amyl_nitrite" title="Amyl nitrite">Amyl nitrite (isoamyl nitrite, isopentyl nitrite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclohexyl_nitrite" title="Cyclohexyl nitrite">Cyclohexyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_nitrite" title="Ethyl nitrite">Ethyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexyl_nitrite" title="Hexyl nitrite">Hexyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isobutyl_nitrite" title="Isobutyl nitrite">Isobutyl nitrite (2-methylpropyl nitrite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopropyl_nitrite" title="Isopropyl nitrite">Isopropyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_nitrite" title="Methyl nitrite">Methyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyl_nitrite" title="Butyl nitrite"><i>n</i>-Butyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentyl_nitrite" title="Pentyl nitrite">Pentyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tert-Butyl_nitrite" title="Tert-Butyl nitrite"><i>tert</i>-Butyl nitrite</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/S-Nitrosothiol" title="S-Nitrosothiol">S-Nitroso compounds</a> (thionitrites):</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=LA810&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LA810 (page does not exist)">LA810</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosoalbumin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosoalbumin (page does not exist)">S-Nitrosoalbumin (SNALB)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosated_AR545C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosated AR545C (page does not exist)">S-Nitrosated AR545C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (page does not exist)">S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine" title="S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine">S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitroso-N-valerylpenicillamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitroso-N-valerylpenicillamine (page does not exist)">S-Nitroso-N-valerylpenicillamine (SNVP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosocaptopril&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosocaptopril (page does not exist)">S-Nitrosocaptopril (SNO-Cap)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosocysteine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosocysteine (page does not exist)">S-Nitrosocysteine (SNC, CysNO, SNO-Cys)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosodiclofenac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosodiclofenac (page does not exist)">S-Nitrosodiclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Nitrosoglutathione" title="S-Nitrosoglutathione">S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, SNOG)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosated_tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosated tissue-type plasminogen activator (page does not exist)">SNO-t-PA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosated_von_Willebrand_factor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosated von Willebrand factor (page does not exist)">SNO-vWF</a>; <i>N-Nitroso compounds (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Nitrosamine" title="Nitrosamine">nitrosamines</a>):</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=SIN-1A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SIN-1A (page does not exist)">SIN-1A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Nitrosyl compounds:</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Metal_nitrosyl_complex" title="Metal nitrosyl complex">Metal nitrosyl complexes</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Roussin%27s_black_salt" title="Roussin's black salt">Roussin's black salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roussin%27s_red_salt" title="Roussin's red salt">Roussin's red salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitroprusside" title="Sodium nitroprusside">Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/NONOate" title="NONOate">NONOates</a> (diazeniumdiolates):</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diethylamine/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diethylamine/NO (page does not exist)">Diethylamine/NO (DEA/NO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diethylenetriamine/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diethylenetriamine/NO (page does not exist)">Diethylenetriamine/NO (DETA/NO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GLO/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GLO/NO (page does not exist)">GLO/NO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JS-K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JS-K (page does not exist)">JS-K</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methylamine_hexamethylene_methylamine/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methylamine hexamethylene methylamine/NO (page does not exist)">Methylamine hexamethylene methylamine/NO (MAHMA/NO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PROLI/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PROLI/NO (page does not exist)">PROLI/NO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spermine/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spermine/NO (page does not exist)">Spermine/NO (SPER/NO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V-PYRRO/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V-PYRRO/NO (page does not exist)">V-PYRRO/NO</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Heterocyclic compounds:</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Furoxan" title="Furoxan">Furoxans</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Furoxan" title="Furoxan">Furoxan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=REC15/2739&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="REC15/2739 (page does not exist)">REC15/2739</a>; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydnonimine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydnonimine (page does not exist)">Sydnonimines</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Feprosidnine" title="Feprosidnine">Feprosidnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linsidomine" title="Linsidomine">Linsidomine (SIN-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molsidomine" title="Molsidomine">Molsidomine (SIN-10)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydnonimine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydnonimine (page does not exist)">Sydnonimine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Unsorted:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cimlanod" title="Cimlanod">Cimlanod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FK-409&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FK-409 (page does not exist)">FK-409</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FR144220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FR144220 (page does not exist)">FR144220</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FR146881&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FR146881 (page does not exist)">FR146881</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Acetyl-N-acetoxy-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Acetyl-N-acetoxy-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (page does not exist)">N-Acetyl-N-acetoxy-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">inhibitors</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase" title="Nitric oxide synthase">NOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/NOS1" title="NOS1">nNOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole (page does not exist)">3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Chloroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Chloroindazole (page does not exist)">3-Chloroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Chloro-5-nitroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Chloro-5-nitroindazole (page does not exist)">3-Chloro-5-nitroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5-Nitroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-Nitroindazole (page does not exist)">5-Nitroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6-Nitroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6-Nitroindazole (page does not exist)">6-Nitroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-Nitroindazole" title="7-Nitroindazole">7-Nitroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-84643&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-84643 (page does not exist)">A-84643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminoguanidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminoguanidine">Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ARL-17477&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARL-17477 (page does not exist)">ARL-17477</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indazole" title="Indazole">Indazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (page does not exist)">N<sup>5</sup>-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (<small>L</small>-NIO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Methyl-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Methyl-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Methyl-<small>L</small>-arginine (<small>L</small>-NMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Propyl-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Propyl-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Propyl-<small>L</small>-arginine (<small>L</small>-NPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroarginine" title="Nitroarginine">Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentamidine_isethionate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentamidine isethionate">Pentamidine isethionate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole (page does not exist)">TRIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase_2_(inducible)" title="Nitric oxide synthase 2 (inducible)">iNOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1-Amino-2-hydroxyguanidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-Amino-2-hydroxyguanidine (page does not exist)">1-Amino-2-hydroxyguanidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Ethylaminoguanidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Ethylaminoguanidine (page does not exist)">2-Ethylaminoguanidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Iminopiperidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Iminopiperidine (page does not exist)">2-Iminopiperidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1400W&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1400W (page does not exist)">1400W</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-aminoethylisothiourea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-aminoethylisothiourea (page does not exist)">AEITU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminoguanidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminoguanidine">Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine (page does not exist)">AMT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AR-C_102222&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AR-C 102222 (page does not exist)">AR-C 102222</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BYK-191023&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BYK-191023 (page does not exist)">BYK-191023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canavanine" title="Canavanine">Canavanine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cindunistat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cindunistat (page does not exist)">Cindunistat (SD-6010)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Ethylisothiourea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Ethylisothiourea (page does not exist)">EITU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Isopropylisothiourea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Isopropylisothiourea (page does not exist)">IPTU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Methylisothiourea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Methylisothiourea (page does not exist)">MITU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (page does not exist)">N<sup>5</sup>-(1-Iminoethyl)-<small>L</small>-ornithine (<small>L</small>-NIO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N6-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-lysine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N6-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-lysine (page does not exist)">N<sup>6</sup>-(1-Iminoethyl)-<small>L</small>-lysine (<small>L</small>-NIL)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Methyl-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Methyl-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Methyl-<small>L</small>-arginine (<small>L</small>-NMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronopterin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronopterin (page does not exist)">Ronopterin (VAS-203)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole (page does not exist)">TRIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Endothelial_NOS" title="Endothelial NOS">eNOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminoguanidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminoguanidine">Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (page does not exist)">N<sup>5</sup>-(1-Iminoethyl)-<small>L</small>-ornithine (<small>L</small>-NIO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Methyl-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Methyl-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Methyl-<small>L</small>-arginine (<small>L</small>-NMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroarginine" title="Nitroarginine">Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_dimethylarginine" title="Asymmetric dimethylarginine">Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CKD-712&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CKD-712 (page does not exist)">CKD-712</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanidinoethyldisulfide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanidinoethyldisulfide (page does not exist)">Guanidinoethyldisulfide (GED)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GW-273629&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GW-273629 (page does not exist)">GW-273629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indospicine" title="Indospicine">Indospicine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KD-7040&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KD-7040 (page does not exist)">KD-7040</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroarginine_methyl_ester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitroarginine methyl ester (page does not exist)">Nitroarginine methyl ester (NAME)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-456&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-456 (page does not exist)">NCX-456</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NXN-462&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NXN-462 (page does not exist)">NXN-462</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-1714&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-1714 (page does not exist)">ONO-1714</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VAS-2381&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VAS-2381 (page does not exist)">VAS-2381</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Arginase" title="Arginase">Arginase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2S-Amino-6-boronohexonic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2S-Amino-6-boronohexonic acid (page does not exist)">ABH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Hydroxy-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Hydroxy-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Hydroxy-<small>L</small>-arginine (NOHA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorogenic_acid" title="Chlorogenic acid">chlorogenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginseng" title="Ginseng">ginseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicatechin" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicatechin">epicatechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithine" title="Ornithine">ornithine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norvaline" title="Norvaline">norvaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysine" title="Lysine">lysine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpha_aminoacids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpha aminoacids (page does not exist)">alpha aminoacids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CAMK" title="CAMK">CAMK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calmidazolium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calmidazolium (page does not exist)">Calmidazolium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W-7_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W-7 (drug) (page does not exist)">W-7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Precursors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Arginine" title="Arginine"><small>L</small>-Arginine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Hydroxy-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Hydroxy-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Hydroxy-<small>L</small>-arginine (NOHA)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Cofactors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate" title="Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate">NADPH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavin_adenine_dinucleotide" title="Flavin adenine dinucleotide">FAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavin_mononucleotide" title="Flavin mononucleotide">FMN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heme" title="Heme">Heme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrobiopterin" title="Tetrahydrobiopterin">BH<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calmodulin" title="Calmodulin">CaM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca<sup>2+</sup></a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Indirect/downstream NO modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/ACE_inhibitor" title="ACE inhibitor">ACE inhibitors</a>/<a href="/wiki/Angiotensin_II_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiotensin II receptor antagonist">AT-II receptor antagonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Captopril" title="Captopril">captopril</a>, <a href="/wiki/Losartan" title="Losartan">losartan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endothelin_receptor_antagonist" title="Endothelin receptor antagonist">ET<sub>B</sub> receptor antagonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Bosentan" title="Bosentan">bosentan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Type_calcium_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Type calcium channel">L-Type calcium channel</a> <a href="/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker" title="Calcium channel blocker">blockers</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Dihydropyridine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydropyridine">dihydropyridines</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nifedipine" title="Nifedipine">nifedipine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebivolol" title="Nebivolol">Nebivolol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beta_blocker" title="Beta blocker">beta blocker</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDE5_inhibitor" title="PDE5 inhibitor">PDE5 inhibitors</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Sildenafil" title="Sildenafil">sildenafil</a>)</li> <li>non-selective PDE inhibitors (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">caffeine</a>)</li> <li>PDE9 inhibitors (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Paraxanthine" title="Paraxanthine">paraxanthine</a>)</li> <li>cGMP preferring PDE inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil, paraxanthine, tadalafil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statin" title="Statin">Statins</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Simvastatin" title="Simvastatin">simvastatin</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nitrogen_species87" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nitrogen_compounds" title="Template:Nitrogen compounds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nitrogen_compounds" title="Template talk:Nitrogen compounds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nitrogen_compounds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nitrogen compounds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nitrogen_species87" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> species</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hydrides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">NH<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium" title="Ammonium">NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_amides#Alkali_metal_amides" title="Metal amides">NH<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitride" title="Nitride">N<sup>3−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxylamine" title="Hydroxylamine">NH<sub>2</sub>OH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrazine" title="Hydrazine">N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrazoic_acid" title="Hydrazoic acid">HN<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azide" title="Azide">N<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_pentahydride" title="Nitrogen pentahydride"><i>NH<sub>5</sub></i></a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amine" title="Amine">NR<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imine" title="Imine">>C=NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amide" title="Amide">−CONR<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrile" title="Nitrile">−CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">HCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">CN<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanogen" title="Cyanogen">(CN)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanamide" title="Cyanamide">H<sub>2</sub>NCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanate" title="Cyanate">HOCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocyanate" title="Isocyanate">HNCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isothiocyanate" title="Isothiocyanate">HNCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazomethane" title="Diazomethane">CH<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">–NO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitro_compound" title="Nitro compound">–NO<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_oxide" title="Nitrogen oxide">Oxides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">NO</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_dioxide" title="Dinitrogen dioxide">(NO)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_trioxide" title="Dinitrogen trioxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_acid" title="Nitrous acid">HNO<sub>2</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></a> / <a href="/wiki/Nitrosonium" title="Nitrosonium">NO<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">NO<sub>2</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_pentoxide" title="Dinitrogen pentoxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">HNO<sub>3</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/Nitrate" title="Nitrate">NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></a> / <a href="/wiki/Nitronium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitronium">NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrate_radical" title="Nitrate radical">NO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxyl" title="Nitroxyl">HNO</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hyponitrous_acid" title="Hyponitrous acid">(HON)<sub>2</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/Hyponitrite" title="Hyponitrite">N<sub>2</sub>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></a> / <a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">N<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitramide" title="Nitramide">H<sub>2</sub>NNO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxynitrous_acid" title="Peroxynitrous acid">HO<sub>2</sub>NO</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peroxynitrite" title="Peroxynitrite">ONOO<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxynitric_acid" title="Peroxynitric acid">HO<sub>2</sub>NO<sub>2</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/Peroxynitrate" title="Peroxynitrate">O<sub>2</sub>NOO<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthonitrate" title="Orthonitrate">NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxylic_acid" title="Nitroxylic acid">H<sub>4</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/Angeli%27s_salt" title="Angeli's salt">N<sub>2</sub>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Halides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_monofluoride" title="Nitrogen monofluoride">NF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_difluoride" title="Nitrogen difluoride">NF<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_trifluoride" title="Nitrogen trifluoride">NF<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_pentafluoride" title="Nitrogen pentafluoride"><i>NF<sub>5</sub></i></a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_trichloride" title="Nitrogen trichloride">NCl<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_tribromide" title="Nitrogen tribromide">NBr<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_triiodide" title="Nitrogen triiodide">NI<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorine_azide" title="Fluorine azide">FN<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_azide" title="Chlorine azide">ClN<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromine_azide" title="Bromine azide">BrN<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine_azide" title="Iodine azide">IN<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoroamine" title="Fluoroamine">NH<sub>2</sub>F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_difluoride" title="Dinitrogen difluoride">N<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochloramine" title="Monochloramine">NH<sub>2</sub>Cl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Difluoramine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Difluoramine (page does not exist)">NHF<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichloramine" title="Dichloramine">NHCl<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibromamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibromamine (page does not exist)">NHBr<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diiodoamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diiodoamine (page does not exist)">NHI<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">Oxidation states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="font-size:112%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Nitride" title="Nitride">−3</a></b></span>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrazine" title="Hydrazine">−2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydroxylamine" title="Hydroxylamine">−1</a>, 0, <a href="/wiki/Nitroxyl" title="Nitroxyl">+1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">+2</a>, <span style="font-size:112%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">+3</a></b></span>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">+4</a>, <span style="font-size:112%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Nitrate" title="Nitrate">+5</a></b></span> (a strongly <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acidic</a> oxide)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&oldid=1276085277">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&oldid=1276085277</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Digestive_system" title="Category:Digestive system">Digestive system</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nitrosamines" title="Category:Nitrosamines">Nitrosamines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Functional_groups" title="Category:Functional groups">Functional groups</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nitroso_compounds" title="Category:Nitroso compounds">Nitroso compounds</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nitrosyl_compounds" title="Category:Nitrosyl compounds">Nitrosyl compounds</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 February 2025, at 20:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitroso&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitroso</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>18 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.canary-74dc4644d4-2q7r8","wgBackendResponseTime":199,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.627","walltime":"0.811","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3353,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":185525,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2068,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":128410,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 657.213 1 -total"," 40.07% 263.315 1 Template:Reflist"," 30.88% 202.927 21 Template:Cite_journal"," 20.22% 132.864 8 Template:Navbox"," 14.93% 98.126 1 Template:Functional_Groups"," 10.85% 71.324 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.70% 44.022 2 Template:Sfn"," 5.81% 38.158 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.02% 33.011 12 Template:Chem2"," 4.39% 28.850 1 Template:Redirect"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.393","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9960042,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBeaudoin,_D.Wuest,_J._D.2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBianchi,_P.Monbaliu,_J._C._M.2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFE.Bosch2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFG._H._ColemanC._M._McCloskeyF._A._Stuart1945\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirby1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeeChenWestRichter-Addo2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuo2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams1988\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\":Nitrosamine formation during digestion\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Chem2\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 6,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 3,\n [\"Functional Groups\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Nitric oxide signaling\"] = 1,\n [\"Nitrogen compounds\"] = 1,\n [\"OrgSynth\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Transcluded section\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-8669bc5c8-xblvp","timestamp":"20250318161231","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Nitroso","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nitroso","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q57712202","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q57712202","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-12-10T12:32:50Z","dateModified":"2025-02-16T20:13:05Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/34\/Nitroso-compound-2D.svg","headline":"functional group having the structure \u2013N=O"}</script> </body> </html>