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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-源起" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#源起"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>源起</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-源起-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各地檢察制度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各地檢察制度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>各地檢察制度</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-各地檢察制度-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关各地檢察制度子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-各地檢察制度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-_中華民國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_中華民國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><span> </span>中華民國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_中華民國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-_中华人民共和国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_中华人民共和国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span><span> </span>中华人民共和国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_中华人民共和国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-_香港" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_香港"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span><span> </span>香港</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_香港-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-_澳門" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_澳門"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span><span> </span>澳門</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_澳門-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-_美国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_美国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span><span> </span>美国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_美国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-目的" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#目的"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>目的</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-目的-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-任務" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#任務"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>任務</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-任務-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">檢察官</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。54种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B9" title="مدع – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokuror" title="Prokuror – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Prokuror" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Пракурор – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пракурор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Пракурор – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пракурор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Прокурор – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Прокурор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95" title="অভিশংসক – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অভিশংসক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiscal" title="Fiscal – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fiscal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokur%C3%A1tor" title="Prokurátor – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prokurátor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anklager" title="Anklager – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anklager" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsanwalt" title="Staatsanwalt – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Staatsanwalt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecutor" title="Prosecutor – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Prosecutor" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuzisto" title="Akuzisto – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Akuzisto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiscal_(funcionario)" title="Fiscal (funcionario) – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fiscal (funcionario)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokur%C3%B6r" title="Prokurör – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prokurör" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herri-salatari" title="Herri-salatari – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Herri-salatari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دادستان – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دادستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syytt%C3%A4j%C3%A4" title="Syyttäjä – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Syyttäjä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procureur" title="Procureur – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Procureur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%A1m-chh%C3%A0-k%C3%B4n" title="Kiám-chhà-kôn – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kiám-chhà-kôn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A2_(%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99)" title="תובע (משפט פלילי) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תובע (משפט פלילי)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2" title="सरकारी वकील – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सरकारी वकील" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C5%BEiteljstvo" title="Tužiteljstvo – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tužiteljstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A6" title="Դատախազ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դատախազ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaksa" title="Jaksa – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jaksa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokuratoro" title="Prokuratoro – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Prokuratoro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%9C%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98" title="検察官 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="検察官" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Прокурор – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Прокурор" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%80%EC%82%AC" title="검사 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="검사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Прокурор – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Прокурор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avocatt_fiscal" title="Avocatt fiscal – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Avocatt fiscal" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokuroras" title="Prokuroras – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prokuroras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Јавен обвинител – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јавен обвинител" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="अभियोजनकर्ता – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अभियोजनकर्ता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktor" title="Aktor – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aktor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktor" title="Aktor – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aktor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procuraire" title="Procuraire – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Procuraire" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokurator" title="Prokurator – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prokurator" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84" title="څارنوال – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="څارنوال" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promotor_de_justi%C3%A7a" title="Promotor de justiça – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Promotor de justiça" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procuror" title="Procuror – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Procuror" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Прокурор – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прокурор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecutor" title="Prosecutor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Prosecutor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavni_to%C5%BEilec" title="Državni tožilec – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Državni tožilec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokurori" title="Prokurori – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Prokurori" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javni_tu%C5%BEilac" title="Javni tužilac – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Javni tužilac" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85klagare" title="Åklagare – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Åklagare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Додситон – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Додситон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="พนักงานอัยการ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พนักงานอัยการ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savc%C4%B1" title="Savcı – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Savcı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Прокурор – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прокурор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_t%E1%BB%91_vi%C3%AAn" title="Công tố viên – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Công tố viên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%80%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98" title="检察官 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="检察官" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%A1m-chhat-koa%E2%81%BF" title="Kiám-chhat-koaⁿ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiám-chhat-koaⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%AE%98" title="主控官 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="主控官" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q600751#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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title="Wikipedia:法律声明">法律聲明</a></b>。</div> <p><b>檢察官</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Prosecutor</span>），又名<b>公訴人</b>、<b>檢控官</b>、<b>控方律師</b>，為負責代表國家追查、起訴<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA" title="犯罪">犯罪</a>的官員。無論在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E9%99%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="歐陸法系">歐陸法系</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%BE%8E%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" title="英美法系">英美法系</a>，檢察官均是進行<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="刑事">刑事</a>追訴的主導者，在一些法制中，檢察官也是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%9C%BE%E5%88%A9%E7%9B%8A" title="公眾利益">公眾利益</a>、國家利益的代表人。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Advokat,_Fransk_advokatdr%C3%A4kt,_Nordisk_familjebok.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="盧品睿" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Advokat%2C_Fransk_advokatdr%C3%A4kt%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png/220px-Advokat%2C_Fransk_advokatdr%C3%A4kt%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Advokat%2C_Fransk_advokatdr%C3%A4kt%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png/330px-Advokat%2C_Fransk_advokatdr%C3%A4kt%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Advokat%2C_Fransk_advokatdr%C3%A4kt%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png/440px-Advokat%2C_Fransk_advokatdr%C3%A4kt%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="892" /></a><figcaption>檢察官</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="源起"><span id=".E6.BA.90.E8.B5.B7"></span>源起</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：源起"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>檢察官制可追溯於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>中古時期，封建貴族的家臣<b>procureur</b>，直到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="法國大革命">法國大革命</a>后，<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F" title="刑事訴訟">刑事訴訟</a>制度于1795年彻底改制，具有現代雛型的檢察官制度才相應而生。1808年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破崙">拿破崙</a>制定《拿破崙刑法典》（Code d'Instruction Criminelle）將檢察官制度定型。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attorneys_Bergold_and_Aschenauer_with_Prosecutor_Ferencz_at_the_Einsatzgruppen_Trial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Attorneys_Bergold_and_Aschenauer_with_Prosecutor_Ferencz_at_the_Einsatzgruppen_Trial.jpg/220px-Attorneys_Bergold_and_Aschenauer_with_Prosecutor_Ferencz_at_the_Einsatzgruppen_Trial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Attorneys_Bergold_and_Aschenauer_with_Prosecutor_Ferencz_at_the_Einsatzgruppen_Trial.jpg/330px-Attorneys_Bergold_and_Aschenauer_with_Prosecutor_Ferencz_at_the_Einsatzgruppen_Trial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Attorneys_Bergold_and_Aschenauer_with_Prosecutor_Ferencz_at_the_Einsatzgruppen_Trial.jpg/440px-Attorneys_Bergold_and_Aschenauer_with_Prosecutor_Ferencz_at_the_Einsatzgruppen_Trial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="311" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E5%80%AB%E5%A0%A1%E5%AF%A9%E5%88%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="紐倫堡審判">紐倫堡審判</a>的檢察官</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yamagata_Public_Prosecutor_Office.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Yamagata_Public_Prosecutor_Office.JPG/220px-Yamagata_Public_Prosecutor_Office.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Yamagata_Public_Prosecutor_Office.JPG/330px-Yamagata_Public_Prosecutor_Office.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Yamagata_Public_Prosecutor_Office.JPG/440px-Yamagata_Public_Prosecutor_Office.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>日本山形區檢察廳</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Murphy,_chief_prosecutor_for_the_Office_of_Military_Commissions_addresses_reporters_-a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/John_Murphy%2C_chief_prosecutor_for_the_Office_of_Military_Commissions_addresses_reporters_-a.jpg/220px-John_Murphy%2C_chief_prosecutor_for_the_Office_of_Military_Commissions_addresses_reporters_-a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/John_Murphy%2C_chief_prosecutor_for_the_Office_of_Military_Commissions_addresses_reporters_-a.jpg/330px-John_Murphy%2C_chief_prosecutor_for_the_Office_of_Military_Commissions_addresses_reporters_-a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/John_Murphy%2C_chief_prosecutor_for_the_Office_of_Military_Commissions_addresses_reporters_-a.jpg/440px-John_Murphy%2C_chief_prosecutor_for_the_Office_of_Military_Commissions_addresses_reporters_-a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption>美國<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="军事检察官" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q126030221"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E6%A3%80%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="军事检察官（页面不存在）">軍事檢察官</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">維基數據所列</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126030221" class="extiw" title="d:Q126030221"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q126030221</span></a></span>）</span></span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Court_-_Prosecutor_vs._Orlec_(2012-10-03).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Court_-_Prosecutor_vs._Orlec_%282012-10-03%29.jpg/220px-Court_-_Prosecutor_vs._Orlec_%282012-10-03%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Court_-_Prosecutor_vs._Orlec_%282012-10-03%29.jpg/330px-Court_-_Prosecutor_vs._Orlec_%282012-10-03%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Court_-_Prosecutor_vs._Orlec_%282012-10-03%29.jpg/440px-Court_-_Prosecutor_vs._Orlec_%282012-10-03%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="881" /></a><figcaption>俄羅斯的法庭檢察席</figcaption></figure> <p>隨著拿破崙的東征西討，雖然最終兵敗<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E9%93%81%E5%8D%A2" class="mw-disambig" title="滑铁卢">滑鐵盧</a>，檢察官制度卻在歐洲各國生根。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" class="mw-disambig" title="德意志">德意志</a>諸邦在19世紀初葉亦漸次採行法國檢察官制度，在1848年革命風潮後幾已成各邦共行之法制，隨後<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%95%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="普法戰爭">普法戰爭</a>法國大敗，本學習法國法制的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>轉而學習<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="德意志帝國">德意志帝國</a>的檢察官制度，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>透過日本學習歐陸法制，亦採德意志立法例，制定法院編制法，引入檢察官制的先聲。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>於1935年施行新制法院組織法及刑事訴訟法，正式採行檢察官制度。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各地檢察制度"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.B0.E6.AA.A2.E5.AF.9F.E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6"></span>各地檢察制度</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：各地檢察制度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="_中華民國"><span id="_.E4.B8.AD.E8.8F.AF.E6.B0.91.E5.9C.8B"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：中華民國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中華民國檢察官隸屬於<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2" title="行政院">行政院</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%8B%99%E9%83%A8" title="中華民國法務部">法務部</a>之公務人員。為刑事偵查之主體。 </p><p>檢察官的任用，依照中華民國司法人員人事條例第9條規定：「 (第1項)地方法院或其分院法官、地方檢察署及其檢察分署檢察官，應就具有下列資格之一者任用之：一、經司法官考試及格者。二、曾任推事、法官、檢察官經銓敘合格者。三、經律師考試及格，並執行律師職務三年以上，成績優良，具有轉任薦任職任用資格者。四、曾在公立或經立案之私立大學、獨立學院法律學系或法律研究所畢業，而在公立或經立案之私立大學、獨立學院任教授或副教授三年或助理教授五年，講授主要法律科目二年以上，有法律專門著作，經司法院或法務部審查合格，並經律師考試及格或具有薦任職任用資格者。 (第2項)依前項第三款規定遴任者，執行律師職務六年、十年、十四年以上者，得分別轉任薦任第七職等、第八職等、第九職等候補或試署法官、檢察官。」 </p><p>當中以第1項第1款的「經司法官考試及格者」為大宗。而司法官考試，現在則是由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="中華民國考試院">考试院</a>一年一度舉辦之。該考試分為三試。第一試為測驗題，第二試為申論題或時例題，第三試則為口試。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F" title="中華民國刑事訴訟">刑事訴訟法</a>第3條規定：「本法所稱當事人，謂檢察官、自訴人及被告。」因此，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F" title="刑事訴訟">刑事訴訟</a>程序中，基於訴訟之構造始然，檢察官與被告是處於相對立之地位，原則上由檢察官竭盡所能提出各種證據來證明被告有罪。惟同法第2條第1項亦規定：「實施刑事訴訟程序之公務員，就該管案件，應於被告有利及不利之情形，一律注意。」是以，如審判過程中，檢察官發現對被告有利之情形，例如實際上犯罪者另有其人，該被告僅係冒名頂替者，在類似此種例外的情形下，檢察官即應注意前述對該被告有利之情形，撤回起訴或為無罪之論告、請求<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="法院">法院</a>為無罪之宣告。是以，檢察官與法官相同，同負有客觀義務，檢察官並非僅以追求被告有罪判決為唯一目標。 </p><p>刑事訴訟法第228條第1項規定：「檢察官因告訴、告發、自首或其他情事知有犯罪嫌疑者，應即開始偵查。」一般刑案，原則上係由刑事<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F" title="警察">警察</a>初步蒐證、處理後，「移送」至各地檢署由檢察官繼續偵辦，若蒐證仍有不足，檢察官可指揮移送單位之警察補足，最後再由檢察官決定是否起訴；重大刑案，如<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%AA%E6%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="貪污">貪污</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D" title="金融">金融</a>犯罪、公司掏空等等，則可能由檢察官直接指揮檢察事務官、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8B%99%E9%83%A8%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%B1%80" title="法務部調查局">調查局</a>調查官、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8B%99%E9%83%A8%E5%BB%89%E6%94%BF%E7%BD%B2" title="法務部廉政署">法務部廉政署</a>廉政官、司法警察官、司法警察、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E5%85%B5" title="中華民國憲兵">憲兵</a>開始偵辦。 </p><p>檢察官對於偵查中的案件，根據證據充分程度，可依職權做出以下五種處理方式： </p> <ol><li>不起訴處分</li> <li>職權不起訴處分</li> <li>緩起訴</li> <li>聲請法院簡易判決</li> <li>起訴（公訴）</li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E7%BD%B2%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E7%B8%BD%E9%95%B7" title="最高檢察署檢察總長">檢察總長</a>經<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="中華民國總統">總統</a>提名，立法院同意，任期4年，不得連任。 </p><p>目前<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83" title="民間司法改革基金會">民間司法改革基金會</a>正計劃推動<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="檢察官法（页面不存在）">檢察官法</a>。 </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bbkbm3d-7zU">Prosecutor-你所不知道的檢察官/高雄地檢署檢察官自費、自編、自演微電影</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210322124010/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bbkbm3d-7zU">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="_中华人民共和国"><span id="_.E4.B8.AD.E5.8D.8E.E4.BA.BA.E6.B0.91.E5.85.B1.E5.92.8C.E5.9B.BD"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：中华人民共和国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Police_Volkswagen_3000_in_Shangri-La.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Police_Volkswagen_3000_in_Shangri-La.JPG/220px-Police_Volkswagen_3000_in_Shangri-La.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Police_Volkswagen_3000_in_Shangri-La.JPG/330px-Police_Volkswagen_3000_in_Shangri-La.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Police_Volkswagen_3000_in_Shangri-La.JPG/440px-Police_Volkswagen_3000_in_Shangri-La.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1964" data-file-height="1096" /></a><figcaption>中華人民共和國檢察院<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="法警">法警</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="警車">警車</a></figcaption></figure> <p>《中華人民共和國检察官法》第十条规定，担任检察官必须具备下列条件：具有中华人民共和国国籍、年满23岁、高等院校法律专业<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="本科">本科</a>毕业或者高等院校非法律专业本科毕业、政治與品行可靠，检察官的级别分为四等十二级。權力有公诉權、自诉權、救济權、偵查權。初任法官、检察官和取得<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="律师">律师</a>资格目前实行统一司法考试制度。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>曾因犯罪受过<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="刑事">刑事</a>处罚和曾被开除公职者不得報考，另各地檢察院的检察官助理由該院检察长任免。军事检察院等专门人民检察院检察长、副检察长、检察委员会委员和检察员的任免办法，由全国人民代表大会常务委员会另行规定。检察官與检察官助理享受国家规定的检察津贴、地区津贴、其他津贴以及保险和福利待遇，每年評審年度考核结果分为优秀、称职、不称职三个等次。 </p><p>中国检察官法第十八条另有親屬關係迴避规定，检察官之间有夫妻关系、直系血亲关系、三代以内旁系血亲以及近姻亲关系的，不得同时担任下列职务： </p> <ul><li>同一人民检察院的检察长、副检察长、检察委员会委员</li> <li>同一人民检察院的检察长、副检察长和检察员、助理检察员</li> <li>同一业务厅的检察员、助理检察员</li> <li>上下相邻两级人民检察院的检察长、副检察长<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>2015年起中國大陸地區開始導入<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a>化檢察辦案系統，以降低人為干預或疏失影響司法公正的機率，同時讓全國每一個檢察官畢生的每起案件都進入電腦紀錄，可供日後追責，該系統結合大數據和法規資料庫，再以人工智能感知技術引導，強制所有案件的卷證都必須在開庭前進入系統先由人工智能審查，自動比對筆錄和證據中有否矛盾和不足之處，反向迫使檢察與公安人員必須精準辦案。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="_香港"><span id="_.E9.A6.99.E6.B8.AF"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：香港"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根據香港特別行政區<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95" title="基本法">基本法</a>第六十三條，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%BE%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="香港律政司">律政司</a>主管刑事檢察工作，不受任何干涉。在香港，檢控工作一般由律政司派出的代表負責，於法庭上稱為<b>主控官</b>。主控官不會執行案件的偵查工作，這些工作由執法部門如<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%8B%99%E8%99%95" class="mw-disambig" title="警務處">警務處</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%89%E6%94%BF%E5%85%AC%E7%BD%B2_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="廉政公署 (香港)">廉政公署</a>等負責，但執法部門於偵查工作其間遇上法律疑難時必須尋求律政司的意見及指示。 </p><p>在香港，主控官不一定是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%AB" title="律師">律師</a>。於香港最低級別的刑事法庭（即<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" class="mw-disambig" title="裁判法院">裁判法院</a>，最高可判處罪犯3年監守性刑期），案件比較簡單直接，相關的檢控工作大部份由律政司轄下<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%AA%A2%E6%8E%A7%E7%A7%91" title="刑事檢控科">刑事檢控科</a>的法庭檢控主任（Court Prosecutor, CP）負責。法庭檢控主任不是律師（雖然有少數已獲得律師資格），大學畢業生於畢業後可投考相關工作。受聘者將會出席一個長達9個月的刑事檢控課程，課程完成後合格者將被律政司委任為法庭檢控主任，於各裁判法院進行檢控工作。但是除了裁判法院外，法庭檢控主任並沒有於其他上級法院進行刑事檢控的資格，而香港的刑事法庭還包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="區域法院">區域法院</a>（一般稱為地院或區院，最高可判處罪犯7年監守性刑期），<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="高等法院">高等法院</a>原訟庭（最高可判處罪犯終生監禁），高等法院上訴庭與及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%82%E5%AF%A9%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" class="mw-disambig" title="終審法院">終審法院</a>。 </p><p>於區域法院或以上的刑事法庭，絕大部份檢控工作皆是由律政司轄下刑事檢控科的<b>檢控官（</b>Public Prosecutor, PP）負責。檢控官即檢察官，他們必須為香港或其他行使<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="普通法">普通法</a>國家中的律師或大律師，總數約有100多名。檢控官有權代表香港特別行政區出席任何級別的法院進行檢控工作，他們的職責除了出庭外，亦包括對各執法部門呈交的案件給予意見及指示，決定案件的證據是否足夠作出檢控，考慮公眾利益，及在作出檢控後決定案件由那一級別的法院審訊。此外，即使於裁判法院的案件，如涉及較複雜的法律難題或公眾利益，亦會由檢控官（而不是法庭檢控主任）負責檢控工作，以確保檢控質素。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="_澳門"><span id="_.E6.BE.B3.E9.96.80"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/22px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/33px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/44px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：澳門"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>，檢控工作由<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="澳門檢察院">澳門檢察院</a>負責。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="_美国"><span id="_.E7.BE.8E.E5.9B.BD"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：美国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>美國的檢察機關分為聯邦檢察系統（United States Attorney）和地方檢察系統。 </p><p>美國聯邦檢察系統的檢察官又稱「聯邦檢察官」（<span lang="en">federal prosecutors</span>），職責是在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="美国联邦地区法院">聯邦地區法院</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%8A%E8%AF%89%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="美国联邦上诉法院">聯邦上訴法院</a>中代表美國政府，地方检察官由选举产生。 </p><p>地方檢察系統以州檢察機關為主。由於美國各地的司法傳統不同，所以各州檢察官的稱謂也不統一，包括州檢察官(State Prosecutors)、地區檢察官(District Prosecutors)、縣檢察官(County Prosecutors) 、公訴律師(District Attorney)、縣公訴人、法務官、地區檢察長等。市檢察機關是獨立於州檢察系統的地方檢察機關，但並非所有城市都有自己的檢察機關。在沒有檢察機關的城市，全部檢察工作都屬於州檢察官的職權。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="目的"><span id=".E7.9B.AE.E7.9A.84"></span>目的</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：目的"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>據台湾刑事訴訟法學者<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E9%88%BA%E9%9B%84" title="林鈺雄">林鈺雄</a>的研究，創設檢察官的主要目的包括： </p> <ul><li>為了廢除<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BE%E5%95%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="糾問制度">糾問訴訟</a>，改採<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E6%8A%97%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對抗制度（页面不存在）">控訴新制</a>，賦予檢察官主導<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%B5%E6%9F%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="偵查程序（页面不存在）">偵查程序</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B7%E8%A8%B4" title="起訴">起訴</a>的權力，而將糾問法官的權力加以削弱成為單純的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%A9%E5%88%A4%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="審判官（页面不存在）">審判官</a>，以期透過訴訟上的分權，達到刑事審判程序的客觀與正確。但是在中国大陸的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="刑事訴訟法">刑事诉讼法</a>相关司法解释规定，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%97%E5%BC%83%E4%BC%A4%E7%97%85%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%BA%E7%BD%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遗弃伤病军人罪（页面不存在）">遗弃伤病军人罪</a>案件与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%90%E5%BE%85%E4%BF%98%E8%99%8F%E7%BD%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虐待俘虏罪（页面不存在）">虐待俘虏罪</a>案件不经由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E6%A3%80%E5%AF%9F%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="军事检察院（页面不存在）">军事检察院</a>，而是直接由<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="军事法院">军事法院</a>受理，这显然是又回到<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BE%E5%95%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="糾問制度">糾問訴訟</a>的循例。</li> <li>檢察官是受過嚴格的法律訓練、且受法律拘束的官署，控制<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F" title="警察">警察</a>活動的合法性，以避免<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%B2%BB%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="法治国家">法治國家</a>成為<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="警察国家">警察國家</a>的可能性。</li> <li>檢察官是法律的守護人，除了訴追犯罪外，也同時保障人民權益；因此表現在檢察官的義務上是對<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%91%8A" title="被告">被告</a>有利、不利之事證應一併注意，檢察官可以為被告之利益或不利益進行<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%A8%B4" title="上訴">上訴</a>。德國刑事訴訟法學者Eberhard Schmidt-Aßmann曾說：檢察官乃國家法意志的代表人，而非政府的傳聲筒。即為檢察官所設立的目的。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="任務"><span id=".E4.BB.BB.E5.8B.99"></span>任務</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：任務"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_globe_content.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Globe icon"><img alt="Globe icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/40px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/60px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/80px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>論述以部分區域為主</b>，未必有<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">普世通用</a>的觀點。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit">協助補充內容</a></span>以<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">避免偏頗</a>，或<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98" title="Talk:檢察官">討論</a>本文的問題。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>在不同法制之下，檢察官之任務也隨之不同，但其任務包括下述部分或全部职权： </p> <ul><li>审前阶段 <ul><li>立案权</li> <li>立案监督权：大陆法系、苏联法系的特点</li> <li>侦查权。檢察官通常是偵查程序主導者，在經過偵查後，檢察官可以依法決定是否<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B7%E8%A8%B4" title="起訴">起訴</a> 、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A9%E8%B5%B7%E8%A8%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="緩起訴">緩起訴</a>（並非每個法制均有此制度）或是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E8%B5%B7%E8%A8%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="不起訴">不起訴</a>。因此，檢察官具有篩漏功能，是案件進入刑事審判程序的守門人。而由於偵查係居於刑事審判程序之源頭，偵查結果將影響審判之正確性，檢察官對此也有重大責任。 <ul><li>按照侦查范围划分： <ul><li>对犯罪有侦查权或者指挥侦查权，如法国、德国等大陆法系</li> <li>对法律明确规定之案件具有直接侦查权，如中華人民共和国、俄罗斯、越南等，一般是公职人员的职务犯罪</li> <li>对特别重大案件具有直接侦查权，如美国对特别重大的贪污案、行贿受贿案、警察腐败、白领犯罪、政府高级官员犯罪等案件。</li></ul></li> <li>按照侦查过程的划分 <ul><li>对直接受理案件的自行侦查权：各国检察官基本都具有对职务犯罪的直接立案侦查权，并写入联合国《关于检察官作用的准则》第15条。</li> <li>检、警共同行使的侦查权 <ul><li>检察机关主导型：大陆法系的特点。如日本的检察官在其辖区内对侦查行动具有一般指示权、一般指挥权、有必要时的具体指挥权、对不服从指挥的司法警察向公安委员会提出惩戒或罢免的追诉权。</li> <li>检警协作型：英美法系的特点，中華人民共和国也是实行检、警的“分工负责、互相配合、互相制约”原则。</li></ul></li> <li>补充侦查权：侦查机关侦查终结移送检察官审查起诉后，各国检察官普遍具有补充侦查权。</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>侦查强制措施权：对犯罪嫌疑人采取刑事强制措施，如逮捕、拘留，其决定权一般属于法官。中華人民共和国的检察机关有逮捕决定权，但没有拘留、逮捕执行权。联合国《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》第9条第3款规定，任何因刑事指控被逮捕或拘禁的人，应被迅速带见审判官或其他经法律授权行使司法权力的官员。</li> <li>侦查监督权 <ul><li>大陆法系的侦查机关权力较大，由法官负责对犯罪嫌疑人的人权保护的司法监督权</li> <li>英美法系强调对被告人权利的保护，由法官对侦查活动实施广泛的审查，实施搜查、扣押、逮捕、窃听等侦查行为时，必须取得法官的令状。</li> <li>中華人民共和国的侦查监督权，由检察院的侦查监督部门行使，包括对报送逮捕的审批、移交提起公诉的审查、派检察官直接介入侦查机关的重大案件侦查过程的现场监督、接受犯罪嫌疑人或其律师对侦查人员侵犯其诉讼权利和人身权利的行为提出的控告申诉。</li></ul></li> <li><b>提起公訴</b>。由於刑事訴訟多採取無訴即無裁判之控訴原則，因此倘無檢察官提起公訴則案件即無法開展，而有罪判決必然來自檢察官之起訴，經過兩層門檻更可確保判決的正確性與慎重。公诉权是检察官代表国家保障刑事法律正确实施的一种标志性手段。</li></ul></li> <li>庭审阶段 <ul><li><b>出庭支持實行公訴</b>。檢察官須在審判期日上到庭論告，並須提出訴狀及<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%89%E6%93%9A" title="證據">證據</a>，透過辯論，促使法官相信被告確有足夠的犯罪嫌疑。在調查證據時，檢察官亦負有輔助法院發現真實的協力證明義務。中華人民共和国修订后的刑事诉讼法规定即使是简易程序的庭审，也必须派出检察官担任公诉员。</li> <li>量刑建议权：检察官在起诉书中明示量刑建议，使控辩双方可以就量刑进行法庭辩论，提高了量刑的透明性，也是对法官对量刑的自由裁判权的监督。</li> <li>审判监督权：大陆法系特点。英美法系的控辩双方地位平等，法官担任消极裁判，因此没有此项权力。</li> <li><b>協助、擔當自訴</b>。檢察官之任務除了提起公訴及實行公訴外，在採行公訴、自訴雙軌制的法制之下，檢察官在自訴案件中亦可出庭陳述意見，或在自訴人喪失行為能力或死亡，又無人承受自訴時，可以擔當自訴人之地位。</li> <li>抗诉权或<b>提起救濟</b>。由於檢察官是控訴制度下的當事人之一，因此可以對於裁判提出救濟，對於違法或不當裁判可以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%97%E5%91%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抗告（页面不存在）">抗告</a>或上訴，對於已確定之裁判則可提出<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E5%AF%A9" title="再審">再審</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%B8%B8%E4%B8%8A%E8%A8%B4" title="非常上訴">非常上訴</a>。 <ul><li>第二审程序的抗诉，这是对第一审的未生效判决、裁定的抗诉。</li> <li>审判监督程序的抗诉，对已生效判决、裁定的抗诉。</li></ul></li> <li>对民事、行政审判的监督权</li></ul></li> <li>审后阶段 <ul><li>刑事裁判执行权、对刑事裁判执行的指挥权。檢察官通常也是指揮刑事裁判執行的機關。如法国、日本等。</li> <li>刑事裁决执行监督权，中華人民共和国、俄罗斯等实行检、执分离模式。检察机关对刑事裁决的执行具有监督权。</li> <li>检察机关对刑事裁决执行没有权限，如美、英、瑞典等。</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C" title="檢察機關">檢察機關</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B7%E8%A8%B4" title="起訴">起訴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%A8%B4" title="公訴">公訴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E6%8F%90%E5%89%8D%E4%BB%8B%E5%85%A5%E5%88%B6" title="檢察提前介入制">檢察提前介入制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98" title="法官">法官</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="军事检察官" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q126030221"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E6%A3%80%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="军事检察官（页面不存在）">軍事檢察官</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">維基數據所列</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126030221" class="extiw" title="d:Q126030221"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q126030221</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《中国检察官法》 p12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《中国检察官法》 p52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EorpNhP4EyE&t=261s">央視官方頻道 - 检察官的“慧眼”</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-03-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210322123950/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EorpNhP4EyE&t=261s">存档</a>于2021-03-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%AE%E8%A6%96%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E9%A0%BB%E9%81%93+-+%E6%A3%80%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98%E7%9A%84%E2%80%9C%E6%85%A7%E7%9C%BC%E2%80%9D&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DEorpNhP4EyE%26t%3D261s&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>《刑事訴訟法》，2004年9月，<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9574720287" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 957-47-2028-7</a></li> <li>林鈺雄，《檢察官論》，19??年。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%9D%B1%E7%86%8A" title="黃東熊">黃東熊</a>，《中外檢察制度之比較》，1986年。</li> <li>Raoul Muhm , Gian Carlo Caselli (Hrsg.) : Die Rolle des Staatsanwaltes Erfahrungen in Europa - Il ruolo del Pubblico Ministero Esperienze in Europa - Le role du Magistrat du Parquet Expériences en Europe - The role of the Public Prosecutor Experiences in Europe - Vecchiarelli Editore Manziana (Roma) 2005 <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/888247156X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-8247-156-X</a></li> <li>Raoul Muhm : The role of the Public Prosecutor in Germany in : The Irish Jurist | Volume XXXVIII | New Series 2003 , The Law Faculty, University College, Dublin</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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