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Unlike Charles, who had accepted the west Frankish crown offered him in 885, Arnulf of Carinthia rejected a corresponding offer from the west Frankish magnates. Franconia and Lotharingia were former royal provinces, whose political organisation stemmed from the Carolingians; Suabia, Bavaria and Saxony were ethnically defined regions. The phrase Francia et Saxonia, used by Otto I and later by Widukind of Corvey and Adalbert of Magdeburg, corresponds to the actual structure of the Reich. Instead of the device renovatio imperii Romanorum used by Otto III Henry adopted the formula renovatio regni Francorum, which had already been used on the imperial bulls of Louis the Pious, Charles III, Arnulf and Wido of Spoleto. Acomparison of the Rheims electoral dispute of 989-97 with that of 940-48 shows how France and the Ottonian Reich had developed away from each other."> <link rel="alternate" href="/core/books/abs/new-cambridge-medieval-history/ottonians-as-kings-and-emperors/08EB037B6C1290C0269215C89E9FCC3F" hreflang="en" /> <link rel="icon" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans:400,700,400italic,700italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/css/app.css?version=v7.337.1-hotfix"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://usage.prod.aop.cambridge.org/v1/events"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/bower_components/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css"/> <script src="/core/system/public/bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js" 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</div></div></div> <div class="container container__modified" data-v-20e6856a> <div class="row" data-v-20e6856a><div role="complementary" aria-label="table of content" class="column__left" data-v-20e6856a><div class="chapter-cover-box" data-v-20e6856a><div class="col book row" data-v-3a68de0d data-v-20e6856a><img src="https://assets.cambridge.org/97811074/60584/cover/9781107460584.jpg" alt="" class="book__image" data-v-3a68de0d> <a href="/core/books/the-new-cambridge-medieval-history/88DB9B9A7093E75FE57D9800C63B7E57" class="app-link book__title app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-3a68de0d><span data-v-63dfaf6e>The New Cambridge Medieval History</span> </a> </div>  <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core_title/gb/114902" data-test-id="buttonGetAccess" class="app-link app-link__text app-link-- get-print-copy" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-780d067e data-v-20e6856a><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Buy print or eBook </span> <span class="sr-only" data-v-63dfaf6e>[Opens in a new window]</span></a> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-20e6856a></div> <div id="toc" class="table-of-content" data-v-20e6856a><h2>Book contents</h2> <div id="toc-list-wrapper" class="table-of-content__wrapper"><ul id="toc-list" class="list"> <li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A003/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span><div class="toc-title">Frontmatter</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A004/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>1</span></span> <span><div class="toc-title">Introduction: reading the tenth century</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A005/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>PART I</span></span> <span><div class="toc-title">GENERAL THEMES</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A013/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>PART II</span></span> <span><div class="toc-title">POST-CAROLINGIAN EUROPE</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A014/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link current level2"><span><span>9</span></span> <span><div class="toc-title">The Ottonians as kings and emperors</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A015/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link level2"><span><span>10</span></span> <span><div class="toc-title">Saxony and the Elbe Slavs in the tenth century</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A016/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link level2"><span><span>11</span></span> <span><div class="toc-title">Bavaria in the tenth and early eleventh centuries</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A017/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link level2"><span><span>12</span></span> <span><div class="toc-title">Lotharingia</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A018/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link level2"><span><span>13</span></span> <span><div class="toc-title">Burgundy and Provence, 879–1032</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A019/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link level2"><span><span>14</span></span> <span><div class="toc-title">The kingdom of Italy</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A020/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link level2"><span><span>15</span></span> <span><div class="toc-title">West Francia: the kingdom</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A021/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link level2"><span><span>16</span></span> <span><div class="toc-title">West Francia: the northern principalities</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A022/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link level2"><span><span>17</span></span> <span><div class="toc-title">Western Francia: the southern principalities</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A023/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link level2"><span><span>18</span></span> <span><div class="toc-title">England, <span class="italic">c.</span> 900–1016</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A024/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>PART III</span></span> <span><div class="toc-title">NON-CAROLINGIAN EUROPE</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A035/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>Appendix</span></span> <span><div class="toc-title">genealogical tables</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A036/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span><div class="toc-title"><span class="italic">List of primary sources</span></div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A037/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span><div class="toc-title"><span class="italic">Bibliography of secondary works arranged by chapter</span></div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A038/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span><div class="toc-title"><span class="italic">Index</span></div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A039/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span><div class="toc-title">Frontispiece</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A040/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span><div class="toc-title">Plate section</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A041/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span><div class="toc-title">Map 2: Archbishoprics and bishoprics in the early eleventh century</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A042/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span><div class="toc-title">Map 4: Germany</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A043/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span><div class="toc-title">Map 13: Byzantium in 1025</div></span></a></li>  <li class="list__item"><a href="#references-list" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">References</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="column__main" data-v-20e6856a><div class="row" data-v-20e6856a><div class="column__main__left" data-v-20e6856a><div role="main" aria-label="main content" id="maincontent" class="col" data-v-7eb96a2c data-v-20e6856a>  <hgroup data-v-7eb96a2c><h1 class="chapter-title" data-v-7eb96a2c>9 - The Ottonians as kings and emperors</h1>  <p class="subtitle" data-v-7eb96a2c>from <span data-v-7eb96a2c>PART II - POST-CAROLINGIAN EUROPE</span></p></hgroup> <div class="row published-date" data-v-7eb96a2c><p data-v-7eb96a2c> Published online by Cambridge University Press: <strong data-v-7eb96a2c><span class="app-date" data-v-d415a782 data-v-7eb96a2c> 28 March 2008 </span></strong></p></div> <div class="contributors-details" data-v-99f6eb26 data-v-7eb96a2c><div class="row contributors" data-v-99f6eb26><div class="col" data-v-99f6eb26> <div class="row contributor-type" data-v-792406ce data-v-99f6eb26><span class="contributor-type__label" data-v-792406ce>By</span> <div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Eckhard%20M%C3%BCller-Mertens&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Eckhard Müller-Mertens</span> </a>  <span data-v-792406ce></span></div> </div><div class="row contributor-type" data-v-792406ce data-v-99f6eb26><span class="contributor-type__label" data-v-792406ce>Edited by</span> <div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Timothy%20Reuter&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Timothy Reuter</span> </a>  <span data-v-792406ce></span></div> </div></div> <div class="col-2 collapse-link" data-v-99f6eb26><a href="#authors-details" data-toggle="collapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="authors-details" class="app-link collapsed app-link__text-icon app-link--secondary reverse" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-99f6eb26><img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" alt="" class="app-icon icon arrow-down" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-63dfaf6e><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Show author details </span> </a></div></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-99f6eb26> <dl id="authors-details" class="authors-details collapse" data-v-2edb8da6 data-v-99f6eb26><div data-test-author="Timothy Reuter" class="row author" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-12 col-sm-2 title" data-v-2edb8da6>Timothy Reuter</dt> <dd class="col content d-inline d-sm-flex" data-v-2edb8da6><span class="content__title" data-v-2edb8da6>Affiliation:</span> <div class="d-sm-flex flex-column flex-sm-1 d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>University of Southampton</span> </span></div></dd></div>  <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-2edb8da6></dl></div></div> <div id="app-tabs" class="tabs" data-v-1d90c6ce data-v-20e6856a><div id="app-tabs-wrapper" class="tabs__wrapper" data-v-1d90c6ce><div role="navigation" aria-label="tab navigation" class="container" data-v-1d90c6ce><a data-toggle="collapse" href="#appTabs" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="appTabs" class="tabs__collapse collapsed d-sm-none d-print-none" data-v-1d90c6ce><span data-v-1d90c6ce></span> <span class="tabs-arrow-up" data-v-1d90c6ce></span> <span class="tabs-arrow-down" data-v-1d90c6ce></span></a> <ul id="appTabs" role="tablist" class="nav nav-tabs tabs__list collapse show" data-v-1d90c6ce><li role="none" class="tabs__tab" data-v-1d90c6ce><a aria-selected="true" href="#chapter-tab" role="tab" aria-controls="chapter-tab" tabindex="-1" class="active" data-v-1d90c6ce>Chapter </a></li></ul></div></div> <div tabindex="0" role="region" aria-label="Tab content" class="tab-content" data-v-1d90c6ce><div id="chapter-tab" class="tab-pane active" data-v-e927b170><div id="toc-mobile" class="table-of-content-mobile d-sm-none" data-v-e927b170><a data-toggle="collapse" href="#toc-list-mobile" role="button" aria-expanded="false" class="toc-collapse-switch collapsed"><span class="default-heading">Book contents</span>  <span class="toc-arrow-up"></span> <span class="toc-arrow-down"></span></a> <ul id="toc-list-mobile" class="list collapse"> <li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A003/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span>Frontmatter</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A004/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>1</span></span> <span>Introduction: reading the tenth century</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A005/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>PART I</span></span> <span>GENERAL THEMES</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A013/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>PART II</span></span> <span>POST-CAROLINGIAN EUROPE</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A014/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>9</span></span> <span>The Ottonians as kings and emperors</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A015/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>10</span></span> <span>Saxony and the Elbe Slavs in the tenth century</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A016/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>11</span></span> <span>Bavaria in the tenth and early eleventh centuries</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A017/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>12</span></span> <span>Lotharingia</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A018/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>13</span></span> <span>Burgundy and Provence, 879–1032</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A019/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>14</span></span> <span>The kingdom of Italy</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A020/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>15</span></span> <span>West Francia: the kingdom</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A021/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>16</span></span> <span>West Francia: the northern principalities</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A022/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>17</span></span> <span>Western Francia: the southern principalities</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A023/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>18</span></span> <span>England, c. 900–1016</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A024/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>PART III</span></span> <span>NON-CAROLINGIAN EUROPE</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A035/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"><span><span>Appendix</span></span> <span>genealogical tables</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A036/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span>List of primary sources</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A037/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span>Bibliography of secondary works arranged by chapter</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A038/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span>Index</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A039/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span>Frontispiece</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A040/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span>Plate section</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A041/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span>Map 2: Archbishoprics and bishoprics in the early eleventh century</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A042/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span>Map 4: Germany</span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055727A043/type/BOOK_PART" class="list__item__link"> <span>Map 13: Byzantium in 1025</span></a></li>  <li class="list__item"><a href="#references-list" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">References</span></a></li></ul></div> <div class="action-bar" data-v-e927b170><div class="row items"> <a href="#access-block" data-test-id="buttonGetAccess" class="get-access-link" data-v-4cc7be75 data-v-e927b170>Get access</a>  <div class="app-dropdown d-print-none share-dropdown" data-v-fab090b8 data-v-beffd87c data-v-e927b170><button aria-expanded="false" data-test-id="buttonShareOptions" id="share-dropdown" class="app-button dropdown-menu-button app-button__text-icon app-button--secondary" data-v-2a038744 data-v-fab090b8><img src="/core/page-component/img/share-icon.cbcfad8.svg" alt="" class="app-icon icon share" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-2a038744> <span class="text" data-v-2a038744>Share</span></button> <div aria-labelledby="share-dropdown" class="app-dropdown__menu" style="display:none;" data-v-fab090b8><div aria-labelledby="dropdown-share-button" data-v-fab090b8 data-v-beffd87c> <div class="social-share-container" data-v-fab090b8 data-v-beffd87c></div></div> <button aria-label="Close Share dropdown" aria-expanded="false" class="app-button close-icon app-button__icon app-button--" data-v-2a038744 data-v-fab090b8><img src="/core/page-component/img/close-icon.194b28a.svg" alt="" class="app-icon icon close" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-2a038744> </button></div></div> <button aria-expanded="false" data-test-id="buttonCiteOptions" data-prod-id="08EB037B6C1290C0269215C89E9FCC3F" data-toggle="modal" href="#cite-modal" class="app-button cite-button d-print-none app-button__text-icon app-button--secondary export-citation-product" data-v-2a038744 data-v-2ce5f61d data-v-e927b170><img src="/core/page-component/img/cite-icon.44eaaa4.svg" alt="" class="app-icon icon cite" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-2a038744> <span class="text" data-v-2a038744>Cite</span></button> </div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a></div> <div data-spy="scroll" data-target="#toc" class="scrollspy-content" data-v-e927b170> <div id="sec0" class="col sec summary" data-v-e927b170><h2>Summary</h2> <div><div class="abstract" data-abstract-type="extract"><p><span class="sc">the post-900 political crisis: the dissolution of the frankish kingdom ruled by arnulf and the development of regional and ethnic principalities</span></p><p>The Emperor Arnulf died in Regensburg on 8 December 899. The illegitimate son of King Carloman of Bavaria and Italy had brought about the fall of Charles the Fat in November 887, which had led to his own election by the east Frankish magnates and to the election of non-Carolingian rulers in other parts of the Carolingian empire. Charles the Fat had been able to reunite the Carolingian kingdoms and, apart from Provence, had exercised direct rule over all of them. Unlike Charles, who had accepted the west Frankish crown offered him in 885, Arnulf of Carinthia rejected a corresponding offer from the west Frankish magnates. This incident, whose significance, especially for the development of a German kingdom, has been much discussed, did not mean that Arnulf of Carinthia wished to confine his rule to east Francia, <span class="italic">Francia orientalis.</span> He established a relationship of feudal overlordship, or at any rate allowed one to be established. The other rulers elected in 888, Odo of west Francia, Rudolf of upper Burgundy, and Berengar of Italy, as well as, later, Louis of Provence, acknowledged his overlordship. He sent Odo a crown, with which Odo had himself crowned a second time in Rheims. After Charles the Simple had been set up as king in west Francia in 894 he too submitted to Arnulf, who acted as mediator in the dispute between Odo and Charles over the west Frankish throne. Arnulf disputed the claim by Rudolf of upper Burgundy to rule over the whole of the former kingdom of Lothar II; and when Wido of Spoleto challenged his overlordship by having himself made emperor, Arnulf intervened in Italy and acted directly as Italian king.</p></div></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="abstract-divider separator default" data-v-7036083a></div> <div class="keywords" data-v-86c27100 data-v-e927b170><h2 data-v-86c27100>Keywords</h2> <div class="row keywords__pills" data-v-86c27100><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Francia et Saxonia" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Francia et Saxonia</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Carolingian kingdoms" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Carolingian kingdoms</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Emperor Arnulf" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Emperor Arnulf</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=renovatio imperii Romanorum" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>renovatio imperii Romanorum</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=west Frankish kingdom" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>west Frankish kingdom</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Ottonian Reich" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Ottonian Reich</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Ottonian emperorship" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Ottonian emperorship</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=renovatio regni Francorum" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>renovatio regni Francorum</span></a></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-86c27100></div> <dl class="chapter-details" data-v-636e351e data-v-e927b170><div class="row" data-v-636e351e><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-636e351e> Type </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-636e351e> Chapter </dd></div> <div class="row" data-v-636e351e><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-636e351e> Information </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-636e351e><div class="content__chapter" data-v-636e351e><span data-v-636e351e><a href="/core/books/the-new-cambridge-medieval-history/88DB9B9A7093E75FE57D9800C63B7E57" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-636e351e><span data-v-63dfaf6e>The New Cambridge Medieval History</span> </a><span data-v-636e351e> , pp. 231 - 266</span></span></div> <div class="doi-data" data-v-636e351e><div data-v-636e351e>DOI: <a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521364478.010" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-636e351e><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521364478.010 </span> <span class="sr-only" data-v-63dfaf6e>[Opens in a new window]</span></a></div></div> <div data-v-636e351e><span data-v-636e351e>Publisher: Cambridge University Press</span></div> <div data-v-636e351e><span data-v-636e351e>Print publication year: 2000</span></div> </dd></div> </dl> <div id="access-block" class="d-print-none" data-v-e927b170><div class="access-options"><h2 class="access-options__heading">Access options</h2> <span>Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. 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Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)</span> <div class="access-options__content access-options__new"> </div></div></div> <div id="content-container" class="content-container" data-v-e927b170>    <hr aria-hidden="true" class="list-divider separator default" data-v-7036083a> <div id="references-list" class="circle-list"><h2>References</h2> <div id="bib819" aria-flowto="reference-1-content reference-1-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-1-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="author"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Althoff</span>, <span class="forenames">G.</span></span></span> (<span class="year">1992</span>), <span class="book-title">Amicitiae und Pacta: Bündnis, Einung, Politik und Gebetsgedenken im beginnenden 10. 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{layout:"default",data:[{chapter:{id:"08EB037B6C1290C0269215C89E9FCC3F",contentIdentifier:h,bookId:"88DB9B9A7093E75FE57D9800C63B7E57",isPublished:c,isPart:b,abstract:{textAbstract:{content:"\u003Cdiv class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"extract\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"sc\"\u003Ethe post-900 political crisis: the dissolution of the frankish kingdom ruled by arnulf and the development of regional and ethnic principalities\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Emperor Arnulf died in Regensburg on 8 December 899. The illegitimate son of King Carloman of Bavaria and Italy had brought about the fall of Charles the Fat in November 887, which had led to his own election by the east Frankish magnates and to the election of non-Carolingian rulers in other parts of the Carolingian empire. Charles the Fat had been able to reunite the Carolingian kingdoms and, apart from Provence, had exercised direct rule over all of them. Unlike Charles, who had accepted the west Frankish crown offered him in 885, Arnulf of Carinthia rejected a corresponding offer from the west Frankish magnates. This incident, whose significance, especially for the development of a German kingdom, has been much discussed, did not mean that Arnulf of Carinthia wished to confine his rule to east Francia, \u003Cspan class=\"italic\"\u003EFrancia orientalis.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E He established a relationship of feudal overlordship, or at any rate allowed one to be established. The other rulers elected in 888, Odo of west Francia, Rudolf of upper Burgundy, and Berengar of Italy, as well as, later, Louis of Provence, acknowledged his overlordship. He sent Odo a crown, with which Odo had himself crowned a second time in Rheims. After Charles the Simple had been set up as king in west Francia in 894 he too submitted to Arnulf, who acted as mediator in the dispute between Odo and Charles over the west Frankish throne. Arnulf disputed the claim by Rudolf of upper Burgundy to rule over the whole of the former kingdom of Lothar II; and when Wido of Spoleto challenged his overlordship by having himself made emperor, Arnulf intervened in Italy and acted directly as Italian king.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E"},imageAbstract:e},metadata:{doi:{url:"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1017\u002FCHOL9780521364478.010",value:"10.1017\u002FCHOL9780521364478.010"},title:i,subtitle:e,chapterNumber:j,partOf:[],onlinePublishDate:"2008-03-28T00:00:00.000Z",publicationDate:k,firstPublishDate:k,authorsGroup:{authors:{contributors:[]},byAuthors:{contributors:[{givenNames:"Eckhard",surname:"Müller-Mertens",nameStyle:e,affiliations:[],isCorresponding:b,notes:e,isAnonymous:b,fullName:"Eckhard Müller-Mertens",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Eckhard%20M%C3%BCller-Mertens&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:e}],label:"By"},translators:{contributors:[],label:"Translated by"},Editor:{label:"Edited by",contributors:[{givenNames:"Timothy",surname:"Reuter",nameStyle:a,affiliations:[{text:"University of Southampton",email:e}],isCorresponding:b,notes:e,isAnonymous:b,fullName:"Timothy Reuter",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Timothy%20Reuter&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:e}]}},keywords:[{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Francia et Saxonia",name:"Francia et Saxonia"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Carolingian kingdoms",name:"Carolingian kingdoms"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Emperor Arnulf",name:"Emperor Arnulf"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=renovatio imperii Romanorum",name:"renovatio imperii Romanorum"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=west Frankish kingdom",name:"west Frankish kingdom"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Ottonian Reich",name:"Ottonian Reich"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Ottonian emperorship",name:"Ottonian emperorship"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=renovatio regni Francorum",name:"renovatio regni Francorum"}],pageRange:{range:"231 - 266",firstPage:"231",lastPage:"266"},creativeCommons:e,displayTitle:"9 - The Ottonians as kings and emperors"},forthcommingMetadata:e,settings:{hasAccess:b,hasContent:b,isOpenAccess:b,isAnnotationsEnabled:b,isMathjaxEnabled:c,isAct:b},pdf:e,content:{html:"\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",figures:[],footnotes:[],fulltextNotes:[],references:[{id:"bib819",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EAlthoff\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EG.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1992\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EAmicitiae und Pacta: Bündnis, Einung, Politik und Gebetsgedenken im beginnenden 10. 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class=\"forenames\"\u003EH.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1991\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EDie Ottonen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, 2nd edn, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EStuttgart\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib827",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBrü;hl\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EC.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EDeutschland – Frankreich: die Geburt zweier Völker\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan 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Zur Benennung des rechtsrheinisch-nordalpinen Reiches bis zum Investiturstreit",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib833",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EEggert\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EW.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E and \u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPätzold\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EB.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1984\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EWir-Gefü;hl und Regnum Saxonum bei frü;hmittelalterlichen Geschichtsschreibern\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan 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class=\"forenames\"\u003EE.-M.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1984\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EZur Stellung Bayerns und Rheinfrankens im Reiche Arnulfs von Kärnten\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, \u003Cspan class=\"journal-title\"\u003EJahrbuch fü;r die Geschichte des Feudalismus\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Zur Stellung Bayerns und Rheinfrankens im Reiche Arnulfs von Kärnten' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Zur+Stellung+Bayerns+und+Rheinfrankens+im+Reiche+Arnulfs+von+K%C3%A4rnten&author=Eibl+E.-M.&publication+year=1984\u003EGoogle 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class=\"forenames\"\u003EI.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (ed.), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EBeiträge zur Geschichte und Kultur der mittelalterlichen Germania Sacra\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EGöttingen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Der Reichsbischof in ottonischer und frü;hsalischer Zeit' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Der+Reichsbischof+in+ottonischer+und+fr%C3%BC%3Bhsalischer+Zeit&author=Engels+O.&author=Crusius+I.&publication+year=1989\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Der+Reichsbischof+in+ottonischer+und+fr%C3%BC%3Bhsalischer+Zeit&author=Engels+O.&author=Crusius+I.&publication+year=1989",openUrlParams:{},title:"Der Reichsbischof in ottonischer und frü;hsalischer Zeit",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib837",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EErkens\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EF.-R.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1982\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EFü;rstliche Opposition in ottonisch-salischer Zeit\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, \u003Cspan class=\"journal-title\"\u003EArchiv für Kulturgeschichte\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E64\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Fü;rstliche Opposition in ottonisch-salischer Zeit' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=F%C3%BC%3Brstliche+Opposition+in+ottonisch-salischer+Zeit&author=Erkens+F.-R.&publication+year=1982\u003EGoogle 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class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ESigmaringen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib839",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFleckenstein\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EJ.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1966\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EDie Hofkapelle der deutschen Könige, II: Die Hofkapelle im Rahmen der ottonisch-salischen Reichskirche\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EStuttgart\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib840",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFleckenstein\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EJ.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1980\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EGrundlagen und Beginn der deutschen Geschichte\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, 2nd edn, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EGöttingen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib841",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFleckenstein\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EJ.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1985\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EProblematik und Gestalt der ottonisch-salischen Reichskirche\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, in \u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESchmid\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1985\u003C\u002Fspan\u003Eb)\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Problematik und Gestalt der ottonisch-salischen Reichskirche' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Problematik+und+Gestalt+der+ottonisch-salischen+Reichskirche&author=Fleckenstein+J.&author=Schmid+&publication+year=1985\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Problematik+und+Gestalt+der+ottonisch-salischen+Reichskirche&author=Fleckenstein+J.&author=Schmid+&publication+year=1985",openUrlParams:{},title:"Problematik und Gestalt der ottonisch-salischen Reichskirche",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib842",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFleckenstein\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EJ.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1987\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003Eü;ber die Anfänge der deutschen Geschichte\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EOpladen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib843",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFried\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EJ.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1989\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EOtto III. und Boleslaw Chrobry\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EStuttgart\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib844",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFried\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EJ.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1994\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EDer Weg in die Geschichte: die Ursprü;nge Deutschlands bis 1024\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EBerlin\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib845",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFritze\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EW. H.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1984\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EDer slawische Aufstand von 983 – eine Schicksalswende in der Geschichte Mitteleuropas\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, in \u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHenning\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EE.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E and \u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EVogel\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EW.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (eds.), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EFestschrift der Landesgeschichtlichen Vereinigung zu ihrem hundertjährigen Bestehen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EBerlin\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Der slawische Aufstand von 983 – eine Schicksalswende in der Geschichte Mitteleuropas' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Der+slawische+Aufstand+von+983+%E2%80%93+eine+Schicksalswende+in+der+Geschichte+Mitteleuropas&author=Fritze+W.+H.&author=Henning+E.&author=Vogel+W.&publication+year=1984\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Der+slawische+Aufstand+von+983+%E2%80%93+eine+Schicksalswende+in+der+Geschichte+Mitteleuropas&author=Fritze+W.+H.&author=Henning+E.&author=Vogel+W.&publication+year=1984",openUrlParams:{},title:"Der slawische Aufstand von 983 – eine Schicksalswende in der Geschichte Mitteleuropas",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib846",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFuhrmann\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EH.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1987\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EDie Synode von Hohenaltheim (916) – quellenkritisch betrachtet\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, \u003Cspan class=\"journal-title\"\u003EDeutsches Archiv für Eforschung des Mittelalters\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E43\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Die Synode von Hohenaltheim (916) – quellenkritisch betrachtet' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Die+Synode+von+Hohenaltheim+(916)+%E2%80%93+quellenkritisch+betrachtet&author=Fuhrmann+H.&publication+year=1987\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Die+Synode+von+Hohenaltheim+(916)+%E2%80%93+quellenkritisch+betrachtet&author=Fuhrmann+H.&publication+year=1987",openUrlParams:{},title:"Die Synode von Hohenaltheim (916) – quellenkritisch betrachtet",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib847",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EGebhardt\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EB.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, ed. 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Jahrhunderts\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (Deutsche Geschichte in zwölf Bänden I), \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EBerlin\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (E)",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib851",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHirsch\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003ES.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPabst\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EH.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBresslau\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EH.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E 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das Reich an der Schwelle der deutschen Geschichte\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EStuttgart\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib853",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHlawitschka\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EE.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1986\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EVom Frankenreich zur Formierung der europäischen Staaten- und Völkergemeinschaft 840–1046\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EDarmstadt\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib854",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHoffmann\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EH.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EGrafschaften in Bischofshand\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, \u003Cspan class=\"journal-title\"\u003EDeutsches Archiv für Eforschung des Mittelalters\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E46\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Grafschaften in Bischofshand' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Grafschaften+in+Bischofshand&author=Hoffmann+H.&publication+year=1990\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Grafschaften+in+Bischofshand&author=Hoffmann+H.&publication+year=1990",openUrlParams:{},title:"Grafschaften in Bischofshand",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib855",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHoltzmann\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003ER.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1943\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EGeschichte der sächsischen Kaierzeit\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, 2nd edn, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EMunich\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, repr. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EDarmstadt\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1967\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib856",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKarpf\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EE.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1985\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EHerrscherlegitimation und Reichsbegriff in der ottonischen Geschichtsschreibung des 10. Jahrhunderts\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EWiesbaden\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib857",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKeller\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EH.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1982\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EReichsstruktur und Herrschaftsauffassung in ottonisch-frü;hsalischer Zeit\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, \u003Cspan class=\"journal-title\"\u003EFrühmittelalterliche Studien\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E16\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Reichsstruktur und Herrschaftsauffassung in ottonisch-frü;hsalischer Zeit' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Reichsstruktur+und+Herrschaftsauffassung+in+ottonisch-fr%C3%BC%3Bhsalischer+Zeit&author=Keller+H.&publication+year=1982\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Reichsstruktur+und+Herrschaftsauffassung+in+ottonisch-fr%C3%BC%3Bhsalischer+Zeit&author=Keller+H.&publication+year=1982",openUrlParams:{},title:"Reichsstruktur und Herrschaftsauffassung in ottonisch-frü;hsalischer Zeit",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib858",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKeller\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EH.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1985\u003C\u002Fspan\u003Ea), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EGrundlagen ottonischer Königsherrschaft\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, in \u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESchmid\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1985\u003C\u002Fspan\u003Eb)\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Grundlagen ottonischer Königsherrschaft' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Grundlagen+ottonischer+K%C3%B6nigsherrschaft&author=Keller+H.&author=Schmid+&publication+year=1985\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Grundlagen+ottonischer+K%C3%B6nigsherrschaft&author=Keller+H.&author=Schmid+&publication+year=1985",openUrlParams:{},title:"Grundlagen ottonischer Königsherrschaft",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib859",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKeller\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EH.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1985\u003C\u002Fspan\u003Eb), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EHerrscherbild und Herrschaftslegitimation. Zur Deutung der ottonischen Denkmäler\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, \u003Cspan class=\"journal-title\"\u003EFrühmittelalterliche Studien\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E19\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Herrscherbild und Herrschaftslegitimation. Zur Deutung der ottonischen Denkmäler' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Herrscherbild+und+Herrschaftslegitimation.+Zur+Deutung+der+ottonischen+Denkm%C3%A4ler&author=Keller+H.&publication+year=1985\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Herrscherbild+und+Herrschaftslegitimation.+Zur+Deutung+der+ottonischen+Denkm%C3%A4ler&author=Keller+H.&publication+year=1985",openUrlParams:{},title:"Herrscherbild und Herrschaftslegitimation. Zur Deutung der ottonischen Denkmäler",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib860",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKeller\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EH.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1989\u003C\u002Fspan\u003Ea), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EGruppenbildung, Herrschaftsorganisation und Schriftkultur unter den Ottonen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, preface by \u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKeller\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EH.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"journal-title\"\u003EFrühmittelalterliche Studien\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E23\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Ca class='ref-link' 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class=\"forenames\"\u003EH.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1989\u003C\u002Fspan\u003Eb), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EZum Charakter der “Staatlichkeit” zwischen karolingischer Reichsreform und hochmittelalterlichem Herrschaftsaufbau\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, \u003Cspan class=\"journal-title\"\u003EFrühmittelalterliche Studien\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E23\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Zum Charakter der “Staatlichkeit” zwischen karolingischer Reichsreform und hochmittelalterlichem Herrschaftsaufbau' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Zum+Charakter+der+%E2%80%9CStaatlichkeit%E2%80%9D+zwischen+karolingischer+Reichsreform+und+hochmittelalterlichem+Herrschaftsaufbau&author=Keller+H.&publication+year=1989\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Zum+Charakter+der+%E2%80%9CStaatlichkeit%E2%80%9D+zwischen+karolingischer+Reichsreform+und+hochmittelalterlichem+Herrschaftsaufbau&author=Keller+H.&publication+year=1989",openUrlParams:{},title:"Zum Charakter der “Staatlichkeit” zwischen karolingischer Reichsreform und hochmittelalterlichem Herrschaftsaufbau",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib862",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKöpke\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003ER.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E and \u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EDü;mmler\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EE.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E 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class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EFreiburg\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib864",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ELeyser\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EK.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1968\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EHenry I and the beginnings of the Saxon empire\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, \u003Cspan class=\"journal-title\"\u003EEnglish Historical Review\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E83\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Henry I and the beginnings of the Saxon empire' 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class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ELondon\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib866",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ELudat\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EH.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1991\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EAn Elbe und Oder um das Jahr 1000: Skizzen zur Politik des Ottonenreiches und der slawischen Mächte in Mitteleuropa\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ECologne\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib867",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan 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Zur Rolle der politischen Formung bei ihrer Volkwerdung\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’ in \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EGermanen – Slawen – Deutsche: Forschungen zur ihrer Ethnogenese\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EBerlin\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (E)\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Die Deutschen. Zur Rolle der politischen Formung bei ihrer Volkwerdung' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Die+Deutschen.+Zur+Rolle+der+politischen+Formung+bei+ihrer+Volkwerdung&author=M%C3%BC%3Bller-Mertens+E.&publication+year=1968\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Die+Deutschen.+Zur+Rolle+der+politischen+Formung+bei+ihrer+Volkwerdung&author=M%C3%BC%3Bller-Mertens+E.&publication+year=1968",openUrlParams:{},title:"Die Deutschen. Zur Rolle der politischen Formung bei ihrer Volkwerdung",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib868",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMü;ller-Mertens\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EE.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1970\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003ERegnum Teutonicum\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EBerlin\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (E)",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib869",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMü;ller-Mertens\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EE.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1980\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EDie Reichsstruktur im Spiegel der Herrschaftspraxis Ottos des Grossen: Mit historiographischen Prolegomena zur Frage Feudalstaat auf deutschem Boden, seit wann deutscher Feudalstaat?\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EBerlin\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (E)",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib870",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMü;ller-Mertens\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EE.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ERomanum imperium und regnum Teutonicorum. 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Der hochmittelalterliche Reichsverband im Verhältnis zum Karolingerreich",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib871",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMü;ller-Mertens\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EE.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E and \u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHuschner\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EW.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1992\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EReichsintegration im Spiegel der Herrschafspraxis Kaiser Konrads II.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EWeimar\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib872",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPauler\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003ER.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1982\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EDas Regnum Italiae in ottonischer Zeit\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ETübingen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib873",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPrinz\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EF.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1985\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EGrundlagen und Anfänge: Deutschland bis 1056\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EMunich\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib874",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EReuter\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003ET.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1991\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EGermany in the Early Middle Ages, c. 800–1056\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ELondon and New York\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib875",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESchieffer\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003ER.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1989\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EDer ottonische Reichsepiskopat zwischen Königtum und Adel\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, \u003Cspan class=\"journal-title\"\u003EFrühmittelalterliche Studien\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E23\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Der ottonische Reichsepiskopat zwischen Königtum und Adel' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Der+ottonische+Reichsepiskopat+zwischen+K%C3%B6nigtum+und+Adel&author=Schieffer+R.&publication+year=1989\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Der+ottonische+Reichsepiskopat+zwischen+K%C3%B6nigtum+und+Adel&author=Schieffer+R.&publication+year=1989",openUrlParams:{},title:"Der ottonische Reichsepiskopat zwischen Königtum und Adel",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib876",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESchlesinger\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EW.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1974\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EDie Königserhebung Heinrichs I., der Beginn der deutschen Geschichte und die 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class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPatze\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EH.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E and \u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESchwind\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EF.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ESigmaringen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib878",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESchmid\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EK.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1964\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EDie Thronfolge der Ottonen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, \u003Cspan class=\"journal-title\"\u003EZeitschriftder Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte Germanistische Abteilung\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E81\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Die Thronfolge der Ottonen' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Die+Thronfolge+der+Ottonen&author=Schmid+K.&publication+year=1964\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Die+Thronfolge+der+Ottonen&author=Schmid+K.&publication+year=1964",openUrlParams:{},title:"Die Thronfolge der Ottonen",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib879",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESchmid\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EK.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1985\u003C\u002Fspan\u003Ea), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EDas Problem der Unteilbarkeit des Reiches\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, in \u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESchmid\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1985\u003C\u002Fspan\u003Eb)\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Das Problem der Unteilbarkeit des Reiches' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Das+Problem+der+Unteilbarkeit+des+Reiches&author=Schmid+K.&author=Schmid+&publication+year=1985\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Das+Problem+der+Unteilbarkeit+des+Reiches&author=Schmid+K.&author=Schmid+&publication+year=1985",openUrlParams:{},title:"Das Problem der Unteilbarkeit des Reiches",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib880",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESchmid\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EK.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (ed.) 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Jahrhunderts bis zur Mitte des II. Jahrhunderts\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, 3rd edn, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EBerlin\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (E)",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib883",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EUhlirz\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EK.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E and \u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EM.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1902\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1954\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EJahrbü;cher des Deutschen Reiches unter Otto II und Otto III\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ELeipzig and Berlin\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (W)",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib884",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EWaitz\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EG.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1885\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EJahrbü;cher des Deutschen Reiches unter König Heinrich I. 919–396\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, 3rd edn, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ELeipzig\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, repr. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EDarmstadt\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1963\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib885",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EWeinfurter\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003ES.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1986\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), ‘\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EDie Zentralisierung der Herrschaftsgewalt im Reich durch Heinrich II.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E’, \u003Cspan class=\"journal-title\"\u003EHistorisches Jahrbuch\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E106\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Die Zentralisierung der Herrschaftsgewalt im Reich durch Heinrich II.' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Die+Zentralisierung+der+Herrschaftsgewalt+im+Reich+durch+Heinrich+II.&author=Weinfurter+S.&publication+year=1986\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Die+Zentralisierung+der+Herrschaftsgewalt+im+Reich+durch+Heinrich+II.&author=Weinfurter+S.&publication+year=1986",openUrlParams:{},title:"Die Zentralisierung der Herrschaftsgewalt im Reich durch Heinrich II.",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib886",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"author\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EZimmermann\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"forenames\"\u003EH.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1970\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"book-title\"\u003EDas dunkle Jahrhundert\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EGraz\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:a,openUrlParams:{},title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]}],furtherReading:[]},section:{info:"PART II - POST-CAROLINGIAN EUROPE"},citationCount:f},book:{doi:{url:"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1017\u002FCHOL9780521364478",value:"10.1017\u002FCHOL9780521364478"},title:l,subtitle:e,bookTitleCode:"114902",url:m,publishedBy:"Cambridge University Press",cover:"https:\u002F\u002Fassets.cambridge.org\u002F97811074\u002F60584\u002Fcover\u002F9781107460584.jpg",settings:{isMathjaxEnabled:b,isWithdrawn:b,subscriptionOptions:e,isPrintCopyAvailable:c,isPartOfCollection:b,isEcommerceBlocked:b},tableOfContent:[{level:f,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003EFrontmatter\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A003\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",id:"CBO9781139055727A003",outsideUrl:c},{level:f,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003EIntroduction: reading the tenth century\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A004\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",label:"1",id:"CBO9781139055727A004",outsideUrl:c},{level:f,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003EGENERAL THEMES\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A005\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",label:"PART I",id:"CBO9781139055727A005",outsideUrl:c},{level:f,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003EPOST-CAROLINGIAN EUROPE\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A013\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",label:"PART II",id:"CBO9781139055727A013",outsideUrl:c},{level:g,current:c,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003EThe Ottonians as kings and emperors\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A014\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",label:j,id:h,outsideUrl:c},{level:g,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003ESaxony and the Elbe Slavs in the tenth century\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A015\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",label:"10",id:"CBO9781139055727A015",outsideUrl:c},{level:g,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003EBavaria in the tenth and early eleventh centuries\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A016\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",label:"11",id:"CBO9781139055727A016",outsideUrl:c},{level:g,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003ELotharingia\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A017\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",label:"12",id:"CBO9781139055727A017",outsideUrl:c},{level:g,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003EBurgundy and Provence, 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class=\"toc-title\"\u003EWestern Francia: the southern principalities\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A022\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",label:"17",id:"CBO9781139055727A022",outsideUrl:c},{level:g,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003EEngland, \u003Cspan class=\"italic\"\u003Ec.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E 900–1016\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A023\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",label:"18",id:"CBO9781139055727A023",outsideUrl:c},{level:f,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003ENON-CAROLINGIAN EUROPE\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A024\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",label:"PART III",id:"CBO9781139055727A024",outsideUrl:c},{level:f,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003Egenealogical tables\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A035\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",label:"Appendix",id:"CBO9781139055727A035",outsideUrl:c},{level:f,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"italic\"\u003EList of primary sources\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A036\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",id:"CBO9781139055727A036",outsideUrl:c},{level:f,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"italic\"\u003EBibliography of secondary works arranged by chapter\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A037\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",id:"CBO9781139055727A037",outsideUrl:c},{level:f,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"italic\"\u003EIndex\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A038\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",id:"CBO9781139055727A038",outsideUrl:c},{level:f,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003EFrontispiece\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A039\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",id:"CBO9781139055727A039",outsideUrl:c},{level:f,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003EPlate section\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A040\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",id:"CBO9781139055727A040",outsideUrl:c},{level:f,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003EMap 2: Archbishoprics and bishoprics in the early eleventh century\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A041\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",id:"CBO9781139055727A041",outsideUrl:c},{level:f,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003EMap 4: Germany\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fproduct\u002Fidentifier\u002FCBO9781139055727A042\u002Ftype\u002FBOOK_PART",id:"CBO9781139055727A042",outsideUrl:c},{level:f,current:b,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003EMap 13: Byzantium in 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