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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lhotshampas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 20 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="لوتشامبا – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لوتشامبا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Лхоцампа – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лхоцампа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhotshampa" title="Lhotshampa – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lhotshampa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhotshampa" title="Lhotshampa – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lhotshampa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhotshampa" title="Lhotshampa – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lhotshampa" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotshampa" title="Lotshampa – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lotshampa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_lhotshampa" title="Pobo lhotshampa – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo lhotshampa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhotshampa" title="Lhotshampa – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lhotshampa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotshampa" title="Lotshampa – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lotshampa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%91" title="ローツァンパ – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ローツァンパ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90" title="ლხოცამპა – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლხოცამპა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhotsampai" title="Lhotsampai – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lhotsampai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Лоцампа – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лоцампа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AA" title="ലോത്ഷാംപ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോത്ഷാംപ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE" title="ल्होत्साम्पा – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ल्होत्साम्पा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalere_i_Bhutan" title="Nepalere i Bhutan – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nepalere i Bhutan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhotshampa" title="Lhotshampa – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lhotshampa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Лхоцампа – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лхоцампа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE" title="ల్హోత్షంపా – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ల్హోత్షంపా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%98%8C%E4%BA%BA" title="洛昌人 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="洛昌人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1549801#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lhotshampas"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lhotshampas&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lhotshampas&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lhotshampas&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Lhotshampas" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Lhotshampas" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span style="white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:5px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Nepal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/29px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/43px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/57px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Bhutan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/68px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/90px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:P_human_body.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/P_human_body.svg/34px-P_human_body.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/P_human_body.svg/52px-P_human_body.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/P_human_body.svg/69px-P_human_body.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="393" /></a></span></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant le <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9pal" title="Népal">Népal</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Bhoutan" title="Bhoutan">Bhoutan</a> et l’<a href="/wiki/Anthropologie" title="Anthropologie">anthropologie</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:22em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #b08261; color: #fff;"> <div>Lhotshampas</div> </div> <div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Lotshampa_refugees_in_Beldangi_Camp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Lotshampa_refugees_in_Beldangi_Camp.jpg/220px-Lotshampa_refugees_in_Beldangi_Camp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Lotshampa_refugees_in_Beldangi_Camp.jpg/330px-Lotshampa_refugees_in_Beldangi_Camp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Lotshampa_refugees_in_Beldangi_Camp.jpg/440px-Lotshampa_refugees_in_Beldangi_Camp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1383" data-file-height="892" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend">Camp de réfugiés de Beldangi, à <a href="/wiki/Damak_(N%C3%A9pal)" title="Damak (Népal)">Damak</a> (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9pal" title="Népal">Népal</a>) montrant son passeport bhoutanais.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table><caption style="background-color:#dec8ab;">Populations importantes par région</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"> Population totale </th> <td> 241 899<sup id="cite_ref-UNHCR1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHCR1-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table><caption style="background-color:#dec8ab;">Autres</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:5em;"> Régions d’origine </th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya">Himalaya</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:5em;"> Langues </th> <td> <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9palais" title="Népalais">Népalais</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:5em;"> Religions </th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Hindouisme" title="Hindouisme">Hindouisme</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#b08261;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lhotshampas&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Groupe_ethnique" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>Les <b>Lhotshampas</b> ou <b>Lhotsampas</b> (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9palais" title="Népalais">népalais</a> : <span class="lang-ne" lang="ne">ल्होत्साम्पा</span> ; <a href="/wiki/Tib%C3%A9tain#alphasyllabaire" title="Tibétain">tibétain</a> : <span lang="bo" style="font-family: 'Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung', Kailasa, 'DDC Uchen', 'Noto Serif Tibetan', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Suring', 'Qomolangma-Title', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen', 'Qomolangma-Subtitle', Jomolhari, 'Qomolangma-Woodblock', Kokonor, 'Qomolangma-Dunhuang', 'DDC Rinzin', 'TCRC Youtso Unicode', 'Tibetan Machine Uni', Wangdi29, 'Noto Sans Tibetan', 'Microsoft Himalaya'; font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:top; word-wrap: break-word;">ལྷོ་མཚམས་པ་</span>, <a href="/wiki/Translitt%C3%A9ration_Wylie" title="Translittération Wylie">Wylie</a> : <i>lho-mtshams-pa</i>, littéralement « <i>les gens du Sud</i> ») sont une minorité <a href="/wiki/Bhoutan" title="Bhoutan">bhoutanaise</a> d'origine <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9pal" title="Népal">népalaise</a> arrivée au <a href="/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a><sup id="cite_ref-NT_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NT-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence." style="cursor:help;"><a href="/wiki/Hindouisme" title="Hindouisme">hindouiste</a>, dans un pays pratiquant la <a href="/wiki/Bouddhisme_tib%C3%A9tain" title="Bouddhisme tibétain">branche tibétaine</a> du <a href="/wiki/Bouddhisme_vajrayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouddhisme vajrayana">bouddhisme vajrayana</a></span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[réf. nécessaire]</a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lhotshampas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lhotshampas&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cette population, qui parle le népalais, car ses ancêtres sont arrivés au Bhoutan au <a href="/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a> du <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9pal" title="Népal">Népal</a> voisin, vit principalement de l'agriculture sédentaire<sup id="cite_ref-NT_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NT-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Environ 108 000 d'entre eux (plus d'un dixième de la population bhoutanaise) ont été <a href="/wiki/Nettoyage_ethnique_au_Bhoutan" title="Nettoyage ethnique au Bhoutan">chassés par la politique d'épuration</a> – Une nation, un peuple – des <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1980" title="Années 1980">années 1980</a> et <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1990" title="Années 1990">1990</a> du roi du Bhoutan (<a href="/wiki/Jigme_Singye_Wangchuck" title="Jigme Singye Wangchuck">Jigme Singye Wangchuck</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et vivent dans des camps de réfugiés au Népal. Ils ne peuvent retourner chez eux depuis<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les Lhotshampas restés au Bhoutan sont victimes de nombreuses discriminations. Le gouvernement bhoutanais ne les considère pas comme des citoyens bhoutanais et les prive de leur droit de vote<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Toutefois, pour <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Pommaret" title="Françoise Pommaret">Françoise Pommaret</a>, directeur de recherche spécialiste du Bhoutan, si certains expulsés le furent de façon illégitime, la majorité d'entre eux n'étaient pas originaires du Bhoutan, où ils sont arrivés ces dernières décennies, à la recherche de terres et de services sociaux inexistants au Népal. La plupart refusaient de parler le <a href="/wiki/Dzongkha" title="Dzongkha">dzongkha</a>, langue nationale du Bhoutan, et au nom de leur tradition de castes, méprisaient les autres communautés, ce qui était mal perçu par les ethnies bouddhistes. Contestant les chiffres, les autorités bhoutanaises affirment que nombre de réfugiés ayant rejoint les camps viennent non pas du Bhoutan, mais de l'Inde ou du Népal, pour bénéficier de l'aide internationale<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lhotshampas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lhotshampas&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UNHCR1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-UNHCR1_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,MARP,,BTN,,469f386a1e,0.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Population of Lhotshampas in Bhutan</cite></a> » <small class="plainlinks cachelinks">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016143502/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country%2C%2CMARP%2C%2CBTN%2C%2C469f386a1e%2C0.html">archive du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-10-16" data-sort-value="2012-10-16">16 octobre 2012</time></a>]</small></span>, <a href="/wiki/UNHCR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHCR">UNHCR</a>, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-03-23" data-sort-value="2016-03-23">23 mars 2016</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NT-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NT_2-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-NT_2-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Vidhyapati Mishra, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/29/opinion/bhutan-is-no-shangri-la.html?pagewanted=all">Bhutan is no Shangri-La</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, 28 juin 2013 : <span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="en">« <span class="italique">Many of our ancestors were recruited from Nepal in the mid-19th century to cultivate the arable land of southern Bhutan.</span> »</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Vidhyapati Mishra, Bhutan is no Shangri-La, <abbr class="abbr nowrap italique" title="opere citato (« dans l'ouvrage cité »)">op. cit.</abbr> : <span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="en">« <span class="italique">The Drukpas, the Buddhist elite, and the Hindu Lhotshampa had coexisted, largely in peace, until 1989, when the king introduced a "One Nation, One People" policy imposing Drukpa social norms on everyone.</span> »</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Bill Frelick, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2008/02/01/bhutans-ethnic-cleansing">Bhutan’s ethnic cleansing</a>, <i>New Statesman</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> février 2008 : <span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="en">« <span class="italique">Today, about 108,000 of these stateless Bhutanese are living in seven refugee camps in Nepal. The Bhutanese authorities have not allowed a single refugee to return.</span> »</span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Bill Frelick, Bhutan’s ethnic cleansing, <abbr class="abbr nowrap italique" title="opere citato (« dans l'ouvrage cité »)">op. cit.</abbr> : <span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="en">« <span class="italique">A Bhutanese government census in 2005 classified 13 percent of Bhutan’s current population as 'non-nationals', meaning that they are not only ineligible to vote, but are denied a wide range of other rights.</span> »</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberation.fr/planete/2007/01/16/nepal-les-refugies-oublies-du-bhoutan_82015">Népal : les réfugiés oubliés du Bhoutan</a>, <i>Libération</i>, 16 janvier 2007.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annexes">Annexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lhotshampas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Annexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lhotshampas&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Annexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Refugees_from_Bhutan?uselang=fr">Lhotshampas</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lhotshampas&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Sources" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lhotshampas&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Sources"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Perruchet"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marie_Perruchet">Marie Perruchet, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/066/article_36699.asp"><cite style="font-style:normal;">100 000 réfugiés bhoutanais attendent de rentrer chez eux depuis quinze ans</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique"><a href="/wiki/Radio_France_internationale" title="Radio France internationale">Radio France internationale</a></span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2005-06-08" data-sort-value="2005-06-08">8 juin 2005</time></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Pagonis"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jennifer_Pagonis">Jennifer Pagonis, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.fr/4acf00092d.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">L'interminable attente des réfugiés bhoutanais au Népal</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique"><a href="/wiki/Haut_Commissariat_des_Nations_unies_pour_les_r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s" title="Haut Commissariat des Nations unies pour les réfugiés">Haut Commissariat des Nations unies pour les réfugiés</a> (UNHCR)</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2005-07-14" data-sort-value="2005-07-14">14 juillet 2005</time></span></span></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:N%C3%A9pal" title="Portail du Népal"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/29px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/39px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:N%C3%A9pal" title="Portail:Népal">Portail du Népal</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Bhoutan" title="Portail du Bhoutan"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/50px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/66px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Bhoutan" title="Portail:Bhoutan">Portail du Bhoutan</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Anthropologie" title="Portail de l’anthropologie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/P_human_body.svg/24px-P_human_body.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/P_human_body.svg/35px-P_human_body.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/P_human_body.svg/47px-P_human_body.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="393" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Anthropologie" title="Portail:Anthropologie">Portail de l’anthropologie</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Minorit%C3%A9s" title="Portail des minorités"><img 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