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id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Začiatok</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Predošlé_názvy_a_vznik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predošlé_názvy_a_vznik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Predošlé názvy a vznik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predošlé_názvy_a_vznik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formovanie_spoločnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formovanie_spoločnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Formovanie spoločnosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formovanie_spoločnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Objavy_a_vývoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objavy_a_vývoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Objavy a vývoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objavy_a_vývoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referencie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pozri_aj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pozri_aj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pozri aj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pozri_aj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iné_projekty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iné_projekty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Iné projekty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iné_projekty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externé_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externé_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externé odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externé_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zdroj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zdroj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Zdroj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zdroj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prepnúť obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prepnúť obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bell Labs</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prejsť na článok v inom jazyku. Je dostupný v 54 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%84" title="مختبرات بل – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مختبرات بل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – azerbajdžančina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%E2%80%9E%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%E2%80%9C" title="Лаборатории „Бел“ – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лаборатории „Бел“" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C" title="বেল ল্যাবরেটরিজ – bengálčina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেল ল্যাবরেটরিজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratoris_Bell" title="Laboratoris Bell – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Laboratoris Bell" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellovy_laborato%C5%99e" title="Bellovy laboratoře – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bellovy laboratoře" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – dánčina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Laboratories" title="Bell Laboratories – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bell Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Laborategiak" title="Bell Laborategiak – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bell Laborategiak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%84" title="آزمایشگاه‌های بل – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آزمایشگاه‌های بل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratoires_Bell" title="Laboratoires Bell – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Laboratoires Bell" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9C" title="מעבדות נוקיה בל – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעבדות נוקיה בל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="बेल प्रयोगशाला – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बेल प्रयोगशाला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AC_%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Բելլ լաբորատորիա – arménčina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բելլ լաբորատորիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Laboratories" title="Bell Laboratories – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bell Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="ベル研究所 – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベル研究所" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A8_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%86%8C" title="벨 연구소 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벨 연구소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – kurdčina" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia_Bell_Labs" title="Nokia Bell Labs – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nokia Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ബെൽ ലാബ്സ് – malajálamčina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബെൽ ലാബ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%BE" title="बेल प्रयोगशाळा – maráthčina" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बेल प्रयोगशाळा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Laboratories" title="Bell Laboratories – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bell Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laborat%C3%B2ris_Bell" title="Laboratòris Bell – okcitánčina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Laboratòris Bell" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratoarele_Bell" title="Laboratoarele Bell – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Laboratoarele Bell" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Лаборатории Белла – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лаборатории Белла" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Лаборатория Белла – jakutčina" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Лаборатория Белла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பெல் ஆய்வுக்கூடங்கள் – tamilčina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெல் ஆய்வுக்கூடங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="బెల్ ల్యాబ్స్ – telugčina" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బెల్ ల్యాబ్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%BE%D2%B3%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Озмоишгоҳҳои Белл – tadžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Озмоишгоҳҳои Белл" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bell Labs" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Лабораторії Белла – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лабораторії Белла" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_laboratoriyasi" title="Bell laboratoriyasi – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bell laboratoriyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%B2ng_th%C3%AD_nghi%E1%BB%87m_Bell" title="Phòng thí nghiệm Bell – vietnamčina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phòng thí nghiệm Bell" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="贝尔实验室 – čínština (wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="贝尔实验室" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბელიშ ლაბორატორია – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბელიშ ლაბორატორია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="贝尔实验室 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="贝尔实验室" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Si%CC%8Dt-gi%C4%81m-s%C3%B3%CD%98" title="Bell Si̍t-giām-só͘ – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bell Si̍t-giām-só͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" title="貝爾實驗室 – kantončina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="貝爾實驗室" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q217365#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Upraviť medzijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upraviť odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Menné priestory"> <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sk" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellspacing="3" align="right" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.5em; width: 23em; font-size: 89%"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: lightgray">Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Nokia_Bell_Labs_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bell Labs"><img alt="Bell Labs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Nokia_Bell_Labs_2023.svg/230px-Nokia_Bell_Labs_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Nokia_Bell_Labs_2023.svg/345px-Nokia_Bell_Labs_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Nokia_Bell_Labs_2023.svg/460px-Nokia_Bell_Labs_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="244" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1vna_forma" title="Právna forma">Právna forma</a></th><td style="">súkromná spoločnosť vlastnená <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcatel-Lucent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcatel-Lucent (stránka neexistuje)">Alcatel-Lucent</a></td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/Odvetvie_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%A9ho_hospod%C3%A1rstva" title="Odvetvie národného hospodárstva">Odvetvie</a></th><td style="">veda a výskum, informatika</td></tr><tr><th style="">Založená</th><td style="">1928</td></tr><tr><th style="">Sídlo</th><td style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murray Hill (stránka neexistuje)">Murray Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty" title="Spojené štáty">Spojené štáty</a></td></tr><tr><th style="">Územný rozsah</th><td style="">celosvetovo</td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/V%C3%BDroba_(proces)" title="Výroba (proces)">Produkcia</a></th><td style="">technológie, materiály, zariadenia, prístroje, súčiastky</td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/Vlastn%C3%ADctvo_(v%C5%A1eobecne)" title="Vlastníctvo (všeobecne)">Vlastník</a></th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Electric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Electric (stránka neexistuje)">Western Electric</a> (1925 – 1983)<br /><a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> (1984 – 1996)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucent_Technologies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucent Technologies (stránka neexistuje)">Lucent</a> (1996 – 2006)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcatel-Lucent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcatel-Lucent (stránka neexistuje)">Alcatel-Lucent</a> (2006 – súčasnosť)</td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Lucent_HQ.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Lucent_HQ.gif/220px-Lucent_HQ.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Lucent_HQ.gif/330px-Lucent_HQ.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Lucent_HQ.gif/440px-Lucent_HQ.gif 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Súčasné Bell Laboratories v Murray Hill, New Jersey</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Volta_Laboratory_and_Bureau_nw22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Volta_Laboratory_and_Bureau_nw22.jpg/220px-Volta_Laboratory_and_Bureau_nw22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Volta_Laboratory_and_Bureau_nw22.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="163" /></a><figcaption>Budova Volta Bureau z roku 1893 vo Washingtone</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bell Laboratories</b> (aj <b>Bell Labs</b>, kedysi <b>AT&T Bell Laboratories</b> či <b>Bell Telephone Laboratories</b>, skrátene <b>BL</b>) je vedecko-výskumné a vývojové stredisko vo vlastníctve <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> v <a href="/wiki/Berkeley" class="mw-disambig" title="Berkeley">Berkeley</a> v <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty" title="Spojené štáty">Spojené štáty</a>. V minulosti boli divíziou spoločnosti American Telephone & Telegraph Company (<a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>), napoly vlastnenou sesterskou výrobnou divíziou <i>Western Electric</i>. </p><p>Riaditeľstvo Bell Laboratories je situované v <i>Murray Hill</i> v <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, a jeho výskumné a vývojové strediská sú rozosiate po celom svete. Vedci a výskumníci pracujúci v BL majú zásluhy na objave, vývoji a vzniku <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dioastron%C3%B3mia" title="Rádioastronómia">rádioastronómie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tranzistor_(polovodi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1_s%C3%BA%C4%8Diastka)" title="Tranzistor (polovodičová súčiastka)">tranzistora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laseru</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1bojovo_viazan%C3%A1_%C5%A1trukt%C3%BAra" title="Nábojovo viazaná štruktúra">CCD</a> čipu, <a href="/wiki/Te%C3%B3ria_inform%C3%A1cie" title="Teória informácie">teórie informácií</a>, Operačného systému <a href="/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a>, programovacieho jazyka <a href="/wiki/C_(programovac%C3%AD_jazyk)" title="C (programovací jazyk)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> a štatistického programovacieho jazyka S. Práce z Bell Laboratories boli ocenené siedmimi <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena" title="Nobelova cena">Nobelovymi cenami</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-List_of_Awards_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-List_of_Awards-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Predošlé_názvy_a_vznik"><span id="Predo.C5.A1l.C3.A9_n.C3.A1zvy_a_vznik"></span>Predošlé názvy a vznik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: Predošlé názvy a vznik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Predošlé názvy a vznik"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a> založil vo <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washingtone</a> prvé <b>Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory</b>, známe aj ako „Volta Laboratory and Bureau“ (iné názvy <b>Volta Bureau</b>, <b>Bell Carriage House</b>, <b>Bell Laboratory</b> či <b>Volta Laboratory</b>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzsko" title="Francúzsko">Francúzska</a> vláda v roku <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a> ocenila <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexandra G. Bella</a> <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Voltovou</a> cenou za objav <a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3n" title="Telefón">telefónu</a>. Peniaze Bell použil na stavbu <i>Volta Laboratory</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruce1990_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruce1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jeho prvé výskumy boli zamerané na analýzu, nahrávanie a prenos zvuku. Značné zisky, plynúce z práce laboratória Bell používal k ďalšiemu výskumu a vzdelávaniu v oblasti "šírenia poznatkov, týkajúcich sa nepočujúcich".<sup id="cite_ref-Bruce1990_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruce1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>V roku <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a> sa Volta Laboratory stalo spolu s Volta Bureau na čísle 1527 v 35-tej ulici vo Washingtone riaditeľstvom spoločnosti.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruce1990_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruce1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V roku <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a> pribudla na čísle 1537 nová budova, ktorá bola v roku <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a> označená za Národnú kultúrnu pamiatku (National Historic Landmark).<sup id="cite_ref-Bruce1990_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruce1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nhlsum_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlsum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dctravelitin_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dctravelitin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formovanie_spoločnosti"><span id="Formovanie_spolo.C4.8Dnosti"></span>Formovanie spoločnosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: Formovanie spoločnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Formovanie spoločnosti"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V roku <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a> výskumné laboratóriá spoločnosti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Electric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Electric (stránka neexistuje)">Western Electric</a> a časť inžinierskeho oddelenia spoločnosti <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> boli zlúčené do samostatného celku s názvom <i>Bell Telephone Laboratories</i> (Bell Labs). Vlastníctvo bolo rozdelené medzi AT&T a Western Electric Company. Hlavnou náplňou a cieľom boli návrhy a správa zariadení spoločnosti Western Electric, ktoré boli konštruované pre telefónne spoločnosti "Bell System". Podporné práce pre telefónne spoločnosti zahŕňali aj tvorbu a udržiavanie uceleného radu technických príručiek „Bell System Practices“ (BSP). Bell Labs vykonávali aj poradenskú činnosť pre Bell Telephone Companies a americkú vládu, vrátane armádneho protilietadlového raketového systému „Nike“ a vesmírneho projektu <a href="/wiki/Program_Apollo" title="Program Apollo">Apollo</a>. Niekoľko pracovníkov bolo zaradených do základného výskumu, čo pritiahlo veľkú pozornosť, obzvlášť po tom, ako niektorí z nich získali Nobelovu cenu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objavy_a_vývoj"><span id="Objavy_a_v.C3.BDvoj"></span>Objavy a vývoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Upraviť sekciu: Objavy a vývoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Objavy a vývoj"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Replica-of-first-transistor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Replica-of-first-transistor.jpg/220px-Replica-of-first-transistor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Replica-of-first-transistor.jpg/330px-Replica-of-first-transistor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Replica-of-first-transistor.jpg/440px-Replica-of-first-transistor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Prvý <a href="/wiki/Tranzistor" class="mw-disambig" title="Tranzistor">tranzistor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A1nium" title="Germánium">germániový</a> bodovo-dotykový typ, vynájdený v Bell Laboratories v roku 1947. Obrázok zobrazuje vernú repliku.</figcaption></figure> <p>Na vrchole slávy boli BL jediné zariadenie svojho druhu, kde sa pracovalo na vývoji širokého spektra nových a revolučných technológií, vrátane rádioastronómie, tranzistorov, laseru, informačných teórií, operačného systému UNIX, programovacieho jazyka C a C++.<sup id="cite_ref-List_of_Awards_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-List_of_Awards-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Clinton J. Davisson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena" title="Nobelova cena">Nobelovu cenu</a> za <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena_za_fyziku" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelova cena za fyziku">fyziku</a> za objav a <a href="/wiki/Experiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Experiment">experimentálny</a> dôkaz <a href="/wiki/Difrakcia" title="Difrakcia">difrakcie</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektr%C3%B3n" title="Elektrón">elektrónov</a> na <a href="/wiki/Kry%C5%A1t%C3%A1l" title="Kryštál">kryštále</a>.</li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a> a <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> – Nobelova cena za fyziku za objav tranzistoru.</li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip Warren Anderson</a> – Nobelova cena za fyziku za jeho výskum elektronickej štruktúry <a href="/wiki/Magnetizmus" title="Magnetizmus">magnetických</a> a neusporiadaných systémov, čo umožnilo vývoj elektronických prepínačov a <a href="/wiki/Pam%C3%A4%C5%A5_(po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8D)" title="Pamäť (počítač)">počítačových pamätí</a>.</li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Arno A. Penzias</a> a <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Robert W. Wilson</a> – Nobelova cena za fyziku za objav <a href="/wiki/Mikrovlnov%C3%A9_pozadie" title="Mikrovlnové pozadie">reliktového žiarenia</a>.</li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a> – Nobelova cena za fyziku za vývoj metód na ochladenie a zachytenie <a href="/wiki/At%C3%B3m" title="Atóm">atómov</a> <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laserovým</a> svetlom.</li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Horst Störmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Betts_Laughlin" title="Robert Betts Laughlin">Robert Laughlin</a> a <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chee_Tsui" title="Daniel Chee Tsui">Daniel Chee Tsui</a> – Nobelova cena za fyziku za objav novej formy kvantovej tekutiny s excitáciami nesúcimi zlomkový náboj.</li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Willard_S._Boyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Willard S. Boyle">Willard S. Boyle</a> a <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="George E. Smith">George E. Smith</a> – Nobelova cena za vynález <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1bojovo_viazan%C3%A1_%C5%A1trukt%C3%BAra" title="Nábojovo viazaná štruktúra">nábojovo viazanej štruktúry</a> (CCD senzora). V rovnakom roku dostal Nobelovu cenu aj <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kuen_Kao" title="Charles Kuen Kao">Charles K. Kao</a> za objav možností využitia sklenených <a href="/wiki/Optick%C3%A9_vl%C3%A1kno" title="Optické vlákno">optických vlákien</a> na prenos údajov.</li></ul> <p>Výskumníci Bell Labs získali <a href="/wiki/Turingova_cena" title="Turingova cena">Turingovu cenu</a> hneď dvakrát: </p> <ul><li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hamming" title="Richard Hamming">Richard Hamming</a> za jeho prácu v oblasti numerických metód, systémov automatického kódovania, kódov pre detekciu a opravu chýb, a</li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson" title="Ken Thompson">Ken Thompson</a> a <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">Dennis Ritchie</a> za ich prácu v oblasti všeobecnej teórie operačných systémov a rozvoja operačného systému UNIX.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencie">Referencie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Upraviť sekciu: Referencie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Referencie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-List_of_Awards-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-List_of_Awards_1-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-List_of_Awards_1-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/BellLabs/AwardsandRecognition#tabAnchor2">List of Awards</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bruce1990-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Bruce1990_2-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruce1990_2-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruce1990_2-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruce1990_2-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce, Robert V. <i>Bell: Alexander Bell and the Conquest of Solitude</i>. Ithaca, New York: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University Press</a>, 1990. <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/0801496918" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8014-9691-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nhlsum-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nhlsum_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Volta Bureau. <i>National Historic Landmark summary listing</i> [online]. National Park Service, [cit. 2008-05-10]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121011145610/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1292&ResourceType=Building">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2012-10-11 z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1292&ResourceType=Building">originálu.</a> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nrhpinv2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv2_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> . [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/72001436.pdf">National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Volta Bureau</a> Dostupné online.] </cite> a <cite style="font-style:normal"> . [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/72001436.pdf"><i>Accompanying three photos, exterior, from 1972</i></a> Dostupné online.] </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dctravelitin-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-dctravelitin_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Volta Laboratory & Bureau. <i>Washington D.C. National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary listing</i> [online]. National Park Service, [cit. 2008-05-10]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512051946/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wash/dc14.htm">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2008-05-12 z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wash/dc14.htm">originálu.</a> </cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pozri_aj">Pozri aj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Upraviť sekciu: Pozri aj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Pozri aj"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">Laser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranzistor_(polovodi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1_s%C3%BA%C4%8Diastka)" title="Tranzistor (polovodičová súčiastka)">Tranzistor (polovodičová súčiastka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">UNIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena_za_fyziku" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelova cena za fyziku">Nobelova cena za fyziku</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iné_projekty"><span id="In.C3.A9_projekty"></span>Iné projekty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Upraviť sekciu: Iné projekty" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Iné projekty"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bell_Labs" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bell Labs">Commons</a></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spolupracuj na Commons"><img alt="Spolupracuj na Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Commons ponúka multimediálne súbory na tému <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bell_Labs" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externé_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.A9_odkazy"></span>Externé odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Upraviť sekciu: Externé odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externé odkazy"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/BellLabs">Bell Labs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/BellLabs/History/Timeline">Timeline of discoveries as of 2006</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bell-labs.com/org/1133/Research/Acoustics/AnechoicChamber.html">Bell Labs' Murray Hill anechoic chamber</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070807231935/http://www.bell-labs.com/org/1133/Research/Acoustics/AnechoicChamber.html">Archivované</a> 2007-08-07 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stokowski.org/Development_of_Electrical_Recording.htm">Bell Laboratories and the Development of Electrical Recording</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.booktv.org/Watch/13299/The+Idea+Factory+Bell+Labs+and+the+Great+Age+of+American+Innovation.aspx">Interview with Jon Gertner, author of "The Idea Factory: Bell Labs and the Great Age of American Innovation</a>. Video interview by Dave Iverson, KQED-FM, San Francisco. Hosted by BookTV.org.</li> <li>Martin, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/business/ian-ross-who-led-bell-labs-dies-at-85.html?ref=space">Ian M. Ross, a President at Bell Labs, Dies at 85</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, March 16, 2013, p. A23</li> <li>Tompkins, Dave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/books/2012/03/jon_gertner_s_the_idea_factory_reviewed_by_dave_tompkins_.single.html">Sharks With Frickin' Laser Beams Attached to Their Heads: Inside the Egghead Circus at Bell Labs</a> (book review of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?id=uOMt_XCo81QC">The Idea Factory</a>), <i>magazín Slate</i>, March 31, 2012</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zdroj">Zdroj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zdroj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zdroj"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><i>Tento článok je čiastočný alebo úplný preklad článku <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs?oldid=598325961">Bell Labs</a> na anglickej Wikipédii.</i></span></li></ul> <p><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Zemepisn%C3%A9_s%C3%BAradnice" title="Zemepisné súradnice">Súradnice</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Bell_Labs&language=sk&params=40.683404_N_-74.400744_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, letecké fotografie a iné dáta pre 40°41′00″S 74°24′03″Z"><span class="latitude">40°41′00″S</span> <span class="longitude">74°24′03″Z</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapy, letecké fotografie a iné dáta pre 40,683404 -74,400744">40,683404°S 74,400744°Z</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.683404; -74.400744</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Zdroj: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&oldid=7691080">https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&oldid=7691080</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kateg%C3%B3rie" title="Špeciálne:Kategórie">Kategórie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Veda_a_technika_v_USA" title="Kategória:Veda a technika v USA">Veda a technika v USA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Podniky_v_USA" title="Kategória:Podniky v USA">Podniky v USA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8Dov%C3%A9_technol%C3%B3gie" title="Kategória:Počítačové technológie">Počítačové technológie</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skryté kategórie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Str%C3%A1nky_s_magick%C3%BDmi_odkazmi_ISBN" title="Kategória:Stránky s magickými odkazmi ISBN">Stránky s magickými odkazmi ISBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategória:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Dátum a čas poslednej úpravy tejto stránky: 13. október 2023, 17:46.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text je dostupný za podmienok <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 4.0 Unported</a>; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. 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