CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913379257b17fce3',cH: 'iQk0cTqeFozzttSuB_T6kgbaWWRx68P85K0I2DZGaCA-1739771147-1.2.1.1-5sa47P.s5MUhasNH7f.QQueClyfIA_9hmdTp1pEEr1dYUswG3cqMfh.oaHn2Jmgz',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=Actuator%20Dynamics&__cf_chl_tk=vFo.Kym5IekVYbVipDvTctRrOm2SbPcbtGKHTAOmlKQ-1739771147-1.0.1.1-OKS8h9VYm7VHEuiJt3XcKswTpsMMDJNRhOlarruFKO8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739771147',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=Actuator%20Dynamics&__cf_chl_f_tk=vFo.Kym5IekVYbVipDvTctRrOm2SbPcbtGKHTAOmlKQ-1739771147-1.0.1.1-OKS8h9VYm7VHEuiJt3XcKswTpsMMDJNRhOlarruFKO8",md: "67Slbp7cWxuhl0BDYRSfNKU3waZs38d6GiNEMLbUk78-1739771147-1.2.1.1-LVJWQ1NAi8vYYQDNj41dW19io3lb0vYboXGWj9RbDSeQj3t0bhR3hbNieowhOiukTXMhhB5DGbMscPUSzO_5X_7quS2XjtYqAK.KTGdK7axlXTj47fjXmJCvW3zsNT4mOBCQ2yGGylxNZWz6kAobwRBIY0oJA0nyEFSAa6Ni1EJC7AtXcwDdH2oi6vJmPveyTJzxK8I_75X6xnXe0JwGY7T4C.N8NJ0H013daZCarFk2DhPPH3zb81MT1fRa_uJ._EH1rxhse3kdPenqM2AKH5iY_qdWuDEAnkyWwZn94FGWbSJeAdYT80rOv5ImwGan9zpQKxd0bwXGkjqIsGwRmqTIxVv.2pV6VpKTNhaSSlM6Zy3in3jdFDGT67Cbt.yUtwAEZJlz8WH.pI2UFI.hQUcqUTYjPluwpPW24el5GqE4Tbrxkhq1SxLyWrBbqCBEyYbdC8KHWgasnKPwZDgJ8AdEHCqfl778Xh4J9lLOgew2qurWB7vwPXpARQIvEMqzIRribklVU43lv5hwS4x5F4VmjbxMVAi98L0iUdBRLkpWxcUI8t5gaALgiXGC02QN8CLAAJZUMexdWvQbjazSvQ8NSi8mEkIzJXNFcxMzZpvfx7MaFvzOeEHEbGtQO03hJh2vfDa3PHJdbKOXCfWwWxSdo.b9eW9_nLO8KS92ehT2z2YynM42DquDNXX_5ZzSq.CLvZGe9y4ha17zauM1obYrj1Ry.6778X7ILIzceboGpIYLmwXvZMmFVySFkIib6vETu7vrhmzrUo24Ih7BfxzzC83J42_rCw.gEdxJSaQYhG7WE73Ip6zHZpLx_i6IZEwJyvTmU_j6GMv2lvcMoYD9Ln0OqX.xMGaoFdaz3kjLEcvJF_a0dIBGAgvRrMHQzgvdWaFHwO81a5W08utUeynYS4FdVqHhn7X0BFPyCJBPagGh11ns1q4uN4R6T7qpIaWXcDY1tTpKCEbaM3K0lxR0WxS81T_idyP16usy6Cf_2gdBqDiLc2UEYa01hJCgQEz9zQn2wEmkSWSUv9JtZ5KuB5yhr2fT0LSVo7INy6zWGDL8GrPq8oT0ng9zWNURgAciHG1zVceA5dnrh6vEgLGNUMJCpqhFfjy42ri7WFKwNwR33sgWQOuqiCYjA6QoOQ.KyrAS4_Hq6nYKloICA5v2z3cXSZoAdtthlFm0FZmwREZDtfUJbPT1jqotewdCGGQjdtAAQhulwdoSfcTk07LlGEMl.7de83RFe7F1bJcGWcwTtG_oOrynFfGFpsrFRSOnX3B.URLIGS.2y4B5emorH.f4549GdZXIRM4_QDpECE6ZSk3b0DPekxcfWBa_mhMRWTnZHmvS8T1Ite4kT2IybqIimR6fw6Kr74otiUR38c3kw1mEf3S9pILDdRQ5yqR1kBZoMp8htUCKWtOPkEa7fkHL9eR21YCMq0TGmHmWSxOROhuGvLLXmBSfOE4ZIMGGh2IDnF6EMoecSsaFI0OsCfzylGdfNDt4ZQZuWhEnhzELUcS5.yv3jTkZZzU4yQPmljxBxAF82VsD_bhR3q5uUsSJy5jx.Y3UUzke0UxYYgxAK4ONzbCy_dhR_V6dxi9URKcKYvFFELJ1x8IOgFDbWQVjV4ed6qAA5JBgLDeT_wYOUlZhNTbhrKflwHjoYIKoaymTVAZXQFTdD1h5NMBz1YDgnD4CI4rv_hrrWtgigpkvXIJkwQfVFamxU6pW3S_Ipf3iTJKaypdsv9drHraOzb4PcTllCVrs8Akn0SrMHo9rlj2TOdIkzDJifHjIQdazPpC7NFJ0a1RMsDkzmxse.P_pphqRE064AM7P26riuccp0NqemZBZiSHDXF8LHAx.5Mq9EaE.2tyxw57SV0_.WoSk9FXm7epgi2pSwvvS4oK9dqXgv8n2r4JZavzDmLsP26BPRvzSG1.oKaqftg",mdrd: "aY6HeaCbAVdUj9IzxXW2lgjEuQZQ_m8bAYgeSMcsU1w-1739771147-1.2.1.1-PcPVYAqeopx1heso_2KiAMbpeLAkEZnC3jpU3Nxe04kyKkrnDemqGolSiCVPdVDrVY3zgGcU1oH8lV_NYvEUIxZiOCMIWGgfGVBMQIC13y34oAr8eMIBd60OWrHhHA7XulrRQ.mHf5sGwiVxtDH1bR95XytDAN0dV.seeo5fHsEO8Ike_WY.rf5Apzp_7d8otawee8ENI0n4m6daMIXHbeBuHK6MV3Njuo6yY5kxHtaLfIAklsnvXC5Hk6t5_.ApfmDcffWc18oklwefrcWLCkpHzQo_0T10aKBxXuigdUljk9l5EgW3WAy_WO4vFWH.jodYbFvSegvC26pmjljl2.HuiriFE2.6S6PkQaMAwn9OCukLDVCn1biH1wu9MLSXYalf_W5MHOFQN13tEK3LvsmJVAQsTj1mkm1boYak8LJXZQccztzH1CJQBy_v.rwoE7bbwjJTB6mFej5lrRwJd9IK1AHNqOHYS2weEESP3OF4ziNcan.a94GW_vIH3J8cIc2x0mD7cjh8J3EZSLMhMSSdPPkWGV_pjAHK2dYfTGk4nKWR0sq__b2dRBAmjAr5XdCfW4xD_PEuyStgUu4JLMZiEgWDQ82EHBTCTqw4c14Gkq15tAS6C7kg1EHMfCouFKDUF70BcM3rGhNUdYAXDfc4ByreAPKlwmGlSQR8YjTcoeZbRxKERzrEnaO7cJSfeyDReerzJH.1km5j50VDi2FPLvcRoyeJAOqIs_Od0qQvC4j5_rQtYCRYZVzBPm8pFYLPuqvGNGTCGBnCFQhQvg0_k7cAuIaY0kjU3joIlOpUH9lGAkjkIb72mVa1wtczFkQRqt8wkGMZPPI61QiNgO_1m1QRjYoVWii3A2QH6fPORhtSvQ4svKuMgHcBMkW28RfHkjy35Pl.k1QB8LgDmrmXFFuMY5qjgKjmSyCyEBhCyfBQAMJoI7ZiNmsQwhMU5gE3waprFTc4f2ZelpVwy_eY58k6YO1xMuhRFuRhnLnvxAOENhPiXjLonuRgLxUy1izKkhL8o12Ns7FU1ZrnPipOM_N4f.cyjVlMambBoukiJT7pf7FAwSNJUKZ82qwOw2CzEhAYqLnkFE5OaZxaHitVhgyVYq6uEy.qobNIP69NXN2sD7cTs9HKouKlDkFmNlXcPOvNNcrhd5CUclqEhIpoINl1tD_gskrqcl_xoffSWGTnqgCWkbUhM5hzbSuJTCMJyz3TsI47Awowt.mREv5yz8Z0IH4T1xBjdlTDN0mAKoz_IPYXcY4INwPve.c2BuNHOpKA2EaEZAmFvW5JhiXDd3BJORnia2ZlPWmIWIwiAcvhmPUl_3WHSDLSld4xyvh.f2Cke4ED3ZpoDITjbEbkpJk37vOnTW8gHINDAKL4PF4lvI4f72tjsjQVaLWtiuFnVKkACMSXyRxouMPjdVinj81ltwxehrjyCmEpG_Q5KXmYOH.ckTBqdTOObd.2H6YWPWTaO1rcVCDA2KnTONBtbSH5j6cor39FYyzVr7djcYw7ypXDferIbQd_.t2bkulNiyovvDaQGf0Lv5Uka3ra_rJXXaRmUMwbkoXrxlED_uWeFlDtQnuBBhaZTwLcFRor06NhH_6.GRCI1pfe11lxytRxBzCQfGOgc9GDkrlxf7fiqYMKvV92UXbEhztjL.PoctTDx2IlC0fiUqKdiuEh6RaLJCLtLGIf93PWIOKqCbVhVkBnB9gaQkOhqg9zzs7Eo.bk2WwmO1CzTdbjYJdkM_1wX417hEG3FgxN2M3JEG3yy2AopjRN4_WEDydaZGg6_ruqekMAWeVHvN0Oyvh7zps_hLXvrR6h16kSdZEL0lJvjwbfYn9b3bFDRPWIor58zeQmiLx2SBMnWdur2Hb_vZFnvGT63eldcX19qkXZ_qPpI6aaYyLA70LJosb9yUDCwMdnW5PtbOuso8Z0ZIQbVWar5IsQKHvN..Dpkxlgaaz57JJwOxm9HWpQQs0BIIioGWAtnP3b6C6s879B5Q"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913379257b17fce3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=Actuator%20Dynamics&__cf_chl_rt_tk=vFo.Kym5IekVYbVipDvTctRrOm2SbPcbtGKHTAOmlKQ-1739771147-1.0.1.1-OKS8h9VYm7VHEuiJt3XcKswTpsMMDJNRhOlarruFKO8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>