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</div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1559年至1625年" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1559年至1625年"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1559年至1625年</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1559年至1625年-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1625年至1690年" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1625年至1690年"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1625年至1690年</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1625年至1690年-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-信仰" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#信仰"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>信仰</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-信仰-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-家庭生活" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#家庭生活"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>家庭生活</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-家庭生活-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关家庭生活子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-家庭生活-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-教育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>教育</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-代表人物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#代表人物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>代表人物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-代表人物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">清教徒</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。65种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تطهيرية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تطهيرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="بيوريتانيه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيوريتانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanismu" title="Puritanismu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Puritanismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanlar" title="Puritanlar – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Puritanlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Пурытанства – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пурытанства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Пурытанства – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пурытанства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Пуританство – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пуританство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanegezh" title="Puritanegezh – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Puritanegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanisme" title="Puritanisme – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Puritanisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purit%C3%A1ni" title="Puritáni – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Puritáni" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piwritaniaeth" title="Piwritaniaeth – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Piwritaniaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanisme" title="Puritanisme – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Puritanisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanismus" title="Puritanismus – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Puritanismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Πουριτανισμός – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πουριτανισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Puritans" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanismo" title="Puritanismo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Puritanismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanismo" title="Puritanismo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Puritanismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritaan" title="Puritaan – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Puritaan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanismo" title="Puritanismo – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Puritanismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="پیوریتن‌ها – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیوریتن‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanismi" title="Puritanismi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puritanismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanisme" title="Puritanisme – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Puritanisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puriteinen" title="Puriteinen – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Puriteinen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanismo" title="Puritanismo – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Puritanismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="פוריטניות – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוריטניות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanizam" title="Puritanizam – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Puritanizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanizmus" title="Puritanizmus – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Puritanizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Պուրիտանություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պուրիտանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritan" title="Puritan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Puritan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritano" title="Puritano – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Puritano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hreintr%C3%BAarstefna" title="Hreintrúarstefna – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hreintrúarstefna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritani" title="Puritani – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Puritani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="ピューリタン – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピューリタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="პურიტანები – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პურიტანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Пуританизм – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пуританизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EA%B5%90%EB%8F%84" title="청교도 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="청교도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanus" title="Puritanus – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Puritanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanisme" title="Puritanisme – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Puritanisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritonai" title="Puritonai – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Puritonai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purit%C4%81%C5%86i" title="Puritāņi – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Puritāņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poritanisma" title="Poritanisma – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Poritanisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritan" title="Puritan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Puritan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanisme" title="Puritanisme – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Puritanisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanisme" title="Puritanisme – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Puritanisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanisme" title="Puritanisme – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Puritanisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purytanizm" title="Purytanizm – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Purytanizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanismo" title="Puritanismo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Puritanismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanism" title="Puritanism – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Puritanism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Пуритане – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пуритане" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanci" title="Puritanci – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Puritanci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanism" title="Puritanism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Puritanism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanizmus_(n%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstvo)" title="Puritanizmus (náboženstvo) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Puritanizmus (náboženstvo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanci" title="Puritanci – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Puritanci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritan%C3%ABt" title="Puritanët – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Puritanët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Пуританизам – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пуританизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanism" title="Puritanism – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Puritanism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="พิวริตัน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พิวริตัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCritenlik" title="Püritenlik – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Püritenlik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Пуритани – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пуритани" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86" title="پیوریٹن – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیوریٹن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanlar" title="Puritanlar – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Puritanlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanh_gi%C3%A1o" title="Thanh giáo – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thanh giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="清教徒 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="清教徒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chheng-k%C3%A0u-t%C3%B4%CD%98" title="Chheng-kàu-tô͘ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chheng-kàu-tô͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="清教徒 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="清教徒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2023年3月14日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%22">"清教徒"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span 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virtually all Protestant denominations"><img alt="Latin version of the Christian cross which is used by virtually all Protestant denominations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/85px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/128px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/170px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8#新教神學" title="基督教神學">神學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">歷史</div><div 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class="mw-redirect" title="信徒皆祭司">信徒皆祭司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE#洗禮信念" title="洗禮">洗禮觀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A4%90%E7%A6%AE#信義宗：真實臨在說" title="聖餐禮">聖餐觀</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">宗派</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97" title="信義宗">路德宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">改革宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="聖公會">聖公會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E4%BC%9A" title="公理会">公理會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E7%A4%BC%E5%AE%97" title="浸礼宗">浸信會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E9%81%93%E5%AE%97" title="循道宗">衛理公會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E7%AF%80%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="五旬節運動">五旬運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%83" title="貴格會">貴格會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%9C%83" title="門諾會">門諾會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E8%87%A8%E5%AE%97" title="再臨宗">再臨宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="瓦勒度派">瓦勒度福音教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E4%BC%9A" title="摩拉维亚弟兄会">摩拉維亞弟兄會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E4%BC%9A" title="普利茅斯弟兄会">普利茅斯弟兄會</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">跨宗派運動</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%BD%94%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="聖潔運動">聖潔運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%81%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="靈恩運動">靈恩運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%9D%88%E6%81%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="新靈恩運動">新靈恩運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%BA%E9%86%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="大覺醒運動">大覺醒運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%BE" title="羅拉德派">羅拉德運動</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">神學思想</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B0%91%E5%BF%B5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="阿民念主義">阿民念主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="加爾文主義">加爾文主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E5%8E%9F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="復原主義">復原主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%94%E6%95%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="虔敬主義">虔敬主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="福音主義">福音主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B5%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="重浸派">重洗派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E6%A3%AE%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="楊森主義">楊森主義</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">相關發展</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86" title="新教伦理">新教倫理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%B5%81%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="主流新教">主流新教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="合一运动">合一運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-disambig" title="地下教會">地下教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="反基督教">反基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E8%89%B2%E4%BD%88%E9%81%93%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五色佈道法（页面不存在）">五色佈道法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="家庭教會">家庭教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F%E8%81%96%E5%BE%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="後期聖徒運動">後期聖徒運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%AE%97%E6%B4%BE%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="非宗派教會">非宗派教會</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">清教徒</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/15px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/23px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span><a 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="Template:新教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:新教（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:新教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>清教徒</b>（英語：<span lang="en"><b>Puritan</b></span>）是指要求清除<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="英國國教會">英國國教會</a>內<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%AC%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬公教會">羅馬公教會</a>儀式的改革派<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="新教徒">新教徒</a>，此字詞於16世紀60年代開始使用，源於<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁文</a>的<i>Purus</i>，意為清潔。嚴格說來，清教徒並非一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a>宗派，可以說是受<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="喀爾文主義">喀爾文主義</a>影響，相信《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E5%AE%9A%E8%AE%BA" title="预定论">預定论</a>》並<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="反天主教">反天主教</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒">基督徒</a>。他們原本教籍多屬於<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="英國國教">英國國教</a>。 </p><p>清教徒信奉<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="加尔文主义">加尔文主义</a>的預定论與教條「<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E7%8B%AC%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="唯独圣经">唯獨聖經</a>」，即是認為《<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>》是唯一最高權威，任何<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="教会">教会</a>或個人都不能成為傳統權威的解釋者和維護者。清教先驅者產生於試圖把英國人改造回天主教徒的<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD)" class="mw-redirect" title="瑪麗一世 (英格蘭)">瑪麗一世</a>統治時期，他們在瑪麗執政後期流亡於<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>大陸的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a>團體中，之後部分移居至<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a>。 </p><p>18世紀以後，「清教徒」一詞就很少再得到使用、逐步走入歷史。在歐洲，清教徒的一部分<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="反天主教">反天主教</a>理念最後融入了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="英國國教會">英國國教會</a>教義中。17世紀末至18世紀初，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E" title="英屬北美">英屬北美</a>的清教徒逐步融入了多個不同的新教派別之中。另一方面，保有很多<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="改革宗">改革宗</a>理念的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E4%BC%9A" title="公理会">公理會</a>被認為是清教徒的傳承者<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1559年至1625年"><span id="1559.E5.B9.B4.E8.87.B31625.E5.B9.B4"></span>1559年至1625年</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：1559年至1625年"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1603年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96%E5%8F%8A%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="詹姆斯六世及一世">詹姆斯一世</a>坐上了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="伊丽莎白一世 (英格兰)">伊丽莎白</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%AE%9D%E5%BA%A7" title="圣爱德华宝座">聖愛德華寶座</a>，對清教徒大施壓力，要求他們臣服<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國國王">英國國王</a>。結果，斯克魯比小鎮的清教徒分离派信徒（Separatists）在1608年逃亡到<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰</a>，因為在那裏他們能享有宗教自由。可是，過了一段時間後，荷蘭對宗教寬容的態度，令這群分离派信徒大感不安，於是他們決定離開歐洲，遷往<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美洲</a>開創全新的生活。這些分离派信徒，獲准到<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="北美十三州">北美十三州</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="殖民地">殖民地</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="弗吉尼亚州">維吉尼亞</a>定居。 </p><p>1620年7月，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E9%A1%BF" title="莱顿">莱顿</a>的分离派信徒转道英国，最后于9月搭乘“<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E8%8A%B1%E5%8F%B7" title="五月花号">五月花号</a>”前往北美。當時船上有大約100個成人及兒童，他們在風高浪急的北大西洋航行了兩個月才抵達<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%95%E9%B1%BC%E8%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="鳕鱼角">鳕鱼角</a>，這裏距離<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="弗吉尼亚州">維吉尼亞</a>的北部還有幾百公里。在登陆前，于11月11日他們在船上訂立了“<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E8%8A%B1%E5%8F%B7%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="五月花号公约">五月花号公约</a>”，公約載明他們願意在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="新大陸">新大陸</a>建立社區，服從其法律。 </p><p>1620年12月21日，他們在附近的<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF_(%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="普利茅斯 (麻薩諸塞州)">普利茅斯</a>一安顿下來，就用木材建造禮拜堂，每星期天早上舉行聚會。雖然全員奇蹟般的度過了跨大西洋的航行，但由于旅途中的拥挤环境，导致船上<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="传染病">传染病</a>流行，再加上北美地區的天寒地冻，至三月初移民死亡近一半。 </p><p>1621年春來，他們开始建造房屋，並向<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" title="美洲原住民">印地安人</a>學習種植農作物。有一个名叫<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%91%A9%E8%B5%9B%E7%89%B9%E7%9A%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨摩赛特的（页面不存在）">萨摩赛特的</a>的当地印第安人出现在那里，他带来了会说英语的翻譯<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E5%8C%A1%E6%89%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯匡托（页面不存在）">斯匡托</a>。斯匡托除了做一名翻译之外，还把他们带到捕鱼的最佳地点，指导他们如何种植。秋天，作物豐收，並協助他們與當地印第安人簽訂條款。这批分离派清教徒，被<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%A6%96%E4%BB%BB%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3)" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉·布拉德福德 (首任普利茅斯殖民地总督)">威廉·布拉德福德</a>自称为“天路客”（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E5%9C%A3%E5%85%88%E8%BE%88" title="朝圣先辈">Pilgrim</a>）。 </p><p>後來，越來越多的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" title="移民">移民</a>來到普利茅斯，之後的15年間，当地人口就已超過2,000人，成為了一個殖民重鎮。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1625年至1690年"><span id="1625.E5.B9.B4.E8.87.B31690.E5.B9.B4"></span>1625年至1690年</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：1625年至1690年"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>與此同時，有些英國的清教徒也像分離派的信徒一樣，相信在大西洋的另一邊會找到自己的“<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E8%AE%B8%E4%B9%8B%E5%9C%B0" title="应许之地">應許之地</a>”。1630年，一群清教徒抵達普利茅斯以北的地方，在那建立<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="麻薩諸塞州">麻薩諸塞</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%81%A3" title="海灣">海灣</a>清教徒社區。1640年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="新英格蘭">新英格蘭</a>住了約2萬個英國移民。1691年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="麻薩諸塞州">麻薩諸塞</a>灣清教徒社區跟普利茅斯的社區合併之後，清教徒人數衆多，也不再是什麽分離派了。事實上，住在新英格蘭的人大都是清教徒，對當時的宗教發揮很大的影響力，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="波士頓">波士頓</a>就成為了他們的宗教中心。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="信仰"><span id=".E4.BF.A1.E4.BB.B0"></span>信仰</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：信仰"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>清教徒的信仰，主要是根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%85%A7%E7%93%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="日內瓦">日內瓦</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a>學者<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="约翰·加尔文">约翰·加尔文</a>的主張。他們相信《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%90%E9%81%B8%E8%AA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="預選說">預選說</a>》，認為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="基督教的神">上帝</a>早已預先選好哪些<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%B8%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="天選之人">天選之人</a>可以得救，未蒙天選的人會被投入<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84" title="地獄">地獄</a>的永火裏。後來，清教徒的傳教士開始傳講勸人悔改的警訊，18世紀的牧师<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E7%B4%8D%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%E8%8C%B2" title="喬納森·愛德華茲">喬納森·愛德華茲</a>曾發表一個演講，講題是：“落在憤怒之神手中的罪人”。他把地獄描述得實在太駭人了，令信衆惶恐不安、心神煩亂，以至他們需要其他<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%88" title="牧师">牧师</a>的撫慰。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="家庭生活"><span id=".E5.AE.B6.E5.BA.AD.E7.94.9F.E6.B4.BB"></span>家庭生活</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：家庭生活"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>清教徒的婚姻观不是去寻找一位你目前可以充满激情去爱的人，而是去寻找一位你可以稳定地去爱、当作一生最好的朋友的人，然后靠着上帝的帮助去这样行。清教徒的育儿观是教养孩子当行的路，他们的身体和灵魂都要关心，教育他们过稳重，敬虔，对社会有用的成年人生活。清教徒的家庭生活观是建立在维持秩序，尊重和家庭敬拜之上的。善意，忍耐，保持一致，鼓励人的态度被视为基本的家庭美德。还有，清教徒的平信徒是首先在家中操练传福音和事奉的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="教育"><span id=".E6.95.99.E8.82.B2"></span>教育</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：教育"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1630年，当<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B8%A9%E6%80%9D%E7%BD%97%E6%99%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="约翰·温思罗普">约翰·温思罗普</a>驾船前往北美新大陆时，他告诫同船乘客，北美应该是一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="山上的城">山巅之城</a>，一个为世界其他地方树立榜样和示范的纯粹的基督徒社会。为了实现这一目标，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="殖民地">殖民地</a>领袖会教育所有的清教徒。这些自视为国际社会一部分的人们，或是来自<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="牛津大学">牛津大学</a>，或是来自<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="剑桥大学">剑桥大学</a>（大多数来自剑桥），他们的学识普遍高于当时欧洲的整体水平。仅六年后的第一次大迁徙，殖民地的领导人就创办了<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>。 </p><p>由17世纪70年代起，所有北美新大陆殖民地（除<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E5%B3%B6%E5%B7%9E" title="羅德島州">羅德島州</a>以外）已经通过立法，规定儿童必须接受识字的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AF%E8%92%99%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="启蒙教育（页面不存在）">启蒙教育</a>。在1647年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E5%A1%9E%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="麻塞諸塞州">麻塞諸塞州</a>通过了一项法律，要求每个镇必须聘请教师来教授大家学习书写。不同形式的学校教育，从主妇学校或启蒙阅读学校（即，一个由家庭主妇为家中的小孩子们进行指导的启蒙教育方式），拉丁学校（一所为那些已经懂英语的男童开始准备通过<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语">希伯来语</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="希腊语">希腊语</a>来掌握语法的学校）开始纷纷出现。启蒙阅读学校往往仅针对女童为目标进行教育，而男孩子们会离开他们的家庭阅读主妇，去镇上的语法学校。事实上，很大程度由性别来决定对其采取的教育方式。妇女引导所有儿童进行阅读，男人们教授男孩子更高级别的学业。此后，女孩们可以在部门里充当任何角色，而语法学校的目的，则是为了“指导年轻人，直到他们能接受大学教育”，拉丁语法学校不收女生（哈佛也不收）。证据大多显示，即使在较低级别的市镇学校中，启蒙读写学校的任务是为镇上的五十多个家庭开设，但女童并不能参加。 </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动机教育（页面不存在）">动机教育</a>主要是宗教。为了使清教徒变得圣洁，他们需要阅读<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="圣经">圣经</a>。作为1549年信念的文章曾宣布，“神圣的《圣经》包含了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E5%88%87%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E7%9A%84%E6%95%91%E8%B5%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一切必要的救赎（页面不存在）">一切必要的救赎</a>”。虽然通过阅读圣经并不能保证发生什么，但它奠定了基础工作，一个好的清教徒，他的职责是为自己寻找圣经真理。 </p><p>强制阅读教育的社会动机，由“如果不给儿童进行启蒙阅读教育，长大后会变得野蛮”这个关注而来的。1648年修订了马萨诸塞州法和1650年<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%B6%85%E7%8B%84%E6%A0%BC%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="康涅狄格州">康涅狄格州</a>法案，都使用了野蛮这个词。此外，“儿童需要阅读”，这个观点的目的，是为了“了解……这个国家的资本律法”（由美国马萨诸塞州的法律宣布）。对一群试图要在新大陆建设家园，并从零开始创造一个完美社会的清教徒团体来说，秩序是至关重要的。 </p><p>北美新大陆地区清教徒注重教育，明显不同于美洲殖民地的其它地区。创始者建立了追求基督徒生活模式的北美地区，引发强烈的文化教育动机。但北美新大陆地区和它的祖国也不尽相同，比如没有规定教师或学童的章程。事实上，除了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="苏格兰">苏格兰</a>，世界其他地方不存在清教徒教育模式。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="代表人物"><span id=".E4.BB.A3.E8.A1.A8.E4.BA.BA.E7.89.A9"></span>代表人物</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：代表人物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>清教徒牧師和神學家的代表人物包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E6%96%87_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="约翰·欧文 (神学家)">約翰·歐文</a>（John Owen）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="理查德·巴克斯特">理查德·巴克斯特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%8F%AD%E6%8F%9A" title="約翰·班揚">約翰·班揚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9" title="马太亨利">马太亨利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E7%B4%8D%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%E8%8C%B2" title="喬納森·愛德華茲">喬納森·愛德華茲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%87%B7%E7%89%B9%E8%85%93" title="喬治·懷特腓">怀特菲尔德</a>等。他們寫了很多引導信徒不同方面靈性生活的著作，確定更正教靈修神學的典範。後來，靈修神學成為更正教神學院的學科，主要是研究有關敬虔操練的方法，包括默想、祈禱、勝過試探、操練愛上帝的心等。在北美殖民地時期，北美清教徒承傳英國清教徒的靈修特色：結合內在生命的操練和社會參與，也是加爾文靈修神學的實踐。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%8F%AD%E6%8F%9A" title="約翰·班揚">約翰·班揚</a>（1628-1688）是佈道家、作家。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>他年輕時受妻子影響，開始過敬虔的生活。1660年後，他因受英國政府迫逼而多次被捕，在獄中勤讀聖經得感安慰，亦開始寫《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%B7%AF%E6%AD%B7%E7%A8%8B" title="天路歷程">天路歷程</a>》。此書描述基督徒各種的掙扎、苦難和團契生活。它提醒信徒要認真追求屬靈生命的成長、重視人與上帝的關係，並非只是名義和形式上的信徒。在信仰歷程，基督徒會面對各種挑戰和考驗，經驗人的軟弱和限制。與此同時，上帝的恩典又讓人能勝過考驗。 </p><p>巴克斯特（1615-1691）是英國清教徒重要的領袖，<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>他在1653年推動英格蘭牧者立約進行家庭牧養。他也是多產的神學家，當中《基督徒指南》（A Christian Directory）是綜合神學、倫理和靈修的經典靈修作品，詳盡提供實用和經驗並重的靈性生活指導。他將神學定義為情感與實用的科學，重視信徒經驗成聖的真實，人與上帝的關係能日益加增。他認為理智可轉化意志與情感，重視情感與理智的平衡結合。他認為成聖是立足現世，質疑神秘主義的獨處、神貧、孤獨作為離棄世界的操練方法。他不同意默觀生命（contemplative life）比行動的生活（active life）更加屬靈，提出提出一種在世而不屬世的屬靈操練，重視信徒在職場中的見證。此外，他亦認為上帝會在個人靈修與教會聖禮中施恩，讓信徒靈命更新。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller2008">Miller 2008</a>，第296頁<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFMiller2008 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span>: "Congregationalists were theologically descended directly from the Puritans of England and consequently enjoyed pride of place as one of the oldest, most numerous, and most significant religious groups in the colonies."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archpriest John W. Morris (2011). "The Historic Church: An Orthodox View of Christian History". p. 438. Author House</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">廖炳堂：《靈修神學》（香港：建道神學院，2015），頁55。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">郭鴻標：《歷代靈修傳統巡禮》信仰與生活叢書，21（香港：香港基督徒學會，2001），頁151-153。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">廖炳堂：《靈修神學》，頁55-56。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">郭鴻標：《歷代靈修傳統巡禮》，頁153-154。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link 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