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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-定義及翻譯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定義及翻譯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>定義及翻譯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定義及翻譯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生態" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生態"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>生態</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生態-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化价值" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化价值"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>文化价值</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文化价值-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文化价值子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文化价值-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-货币" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#货币"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>货币</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-货币-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-乐器" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#乐器"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>乐器</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-乐器-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-首飾和室內裝飾" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#首飾和室內裝飾"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>首飾和室內裝飾</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-首飾和室內裝飾-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教与灵性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教与灵性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>宗教与灵性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教与灵性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工具" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工具"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>工具</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工具-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-园艺" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#园艺"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>园艺</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-园艺-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">貝殼</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。68种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skulp" title="Skulp – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skulp" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="صدفة بحرية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صدفة بحرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal%C4%B1qqula%C4%9F%C4%B1_(%C9%99h%C9%99ng_da%C5%9F%C4%B1)" title="Balıqqulağı (əhəng daşı) – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Balıqqulağı (əhəng daşı)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%A1" title="Ҡабырсаҡ – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡабырсаҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Ракавіна малюскаў – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ракавіна малюскаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ракавіна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ракавіна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Раковина – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Раковина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1e%CC%A4k-si%C5%8Fh" title="Káe̤k-siŏh – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Káe̤k-siŏh" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A6" title="ᎤᏯᏍᎦ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏯᏍᎦ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%A1nka" title="Schránka – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Schránka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D3%97" title="Шапа хуранӗ – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шапа хуранӗ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cragen" title="Cragen – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cragen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkylie" title="Konkylie – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Konkylie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muschelschale" title="Muschelschale – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Muschelschale" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%87%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9" title="Κοχύλι – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοχύλι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seashell" title="Seashell – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Seashell" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konko" title="Konko – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concha" title="Concha – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Concha" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merikarp" title="Merikarp – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Merikarp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskor" title="Maskor – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maskor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%81" title="صدف – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صدف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasawasa_kaukaua" title="Wasawasa kaukaua – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Wasawasa kaukaua" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coquille_(mollusque)" title="Coquille (mollusque) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coquille (mollusque)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliog%C3%A1n" title="Sliogán – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sliogán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuncha" title="Cuncha – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cuncha" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="कौड़ी – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कौड़ी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvi%E1%B8%B7uq" title="Uviḷuq – 伊努皮克语" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uviḷuq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="伊努皮克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konko" title="Konko – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Konko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skel" title="Skel – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skel" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conchiglia" title="Conchiglia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Conchiglia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BB" title="貝殻 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="貝殻" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ნიჟარა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიჟარა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81" title="ಕಪ್ಪೆಚಿಪ್ಪು – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಪ್ಪೆಚಿಪ್ಪು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EA%B0%80%EB%B9%84" title="조가비 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조가비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%95_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%9A%D9%BE" title="کاوٕ شوٚپ – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کاوٕ شوٚپ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Раковина – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Раковина" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concha" title="Concha – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Concha" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjelp" title="Sjelp – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjelp" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriaukl%C4%97" title="Kriauklė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kriauklė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Caula" title="Čaula – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čaula" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akorandriaka" title="Akorandriaka – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Akorandriaka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Раковина – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Раковина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%86%DA%A9" title="کلاچک – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کلاچک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="कौडा – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कौडा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schelp" title="Schelp – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schelp" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkylie" title="Konkylie – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Konkylie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muszla" title="Muszla – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Muszla" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concha" title="Concha – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Concha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoic%C4%83" title="Scoică – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Scoică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Раковина – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Раковина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="वराटिका – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वराटिका" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunchigghia" title="Cunchigghia – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cunchigghia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seashell" title="Seashell – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Seashell" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(zoology)" title="Shell (zoology) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shell (zoology)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angalool" title="Angalool – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Angalool" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cangkang" title="Cangkang – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Cangkang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koa" title="Koa – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Koa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%84" title="Садаф – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Садаф" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="เปลือกหอย – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เปลือกหอย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabibe" title="Kabibe – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kabibe" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_kabu%C4%9Fu" title="Deniz kabuğu – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Deniz kabuğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Черепашка – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Черепашка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%81" title="سمندری صدف – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سمندری صدف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chig%CA%BBanoq" title="Chigʻanoq – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chigʻanoq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa" title="Capa – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Capa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schelpe" title="Schelpe – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Schelpe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%A3%B3" title="贝壳 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="贝壳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC" title="貝殼 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="貝殼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> 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id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&oldid=85004907" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&id=85004907&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25B2%259D%25E6%25AE%25BC"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25B2%259D%25E6%25AE%25BC"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Seashell" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q213096" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>关于与「<b>貝殼</b>」標題相近或相同的条目页，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="貝殼 (消歧義)">貝殼 (消歧義)</a></b>」。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>此條目介紹的是海洋动物的外壳以及貝殼本身。关于對擁有貝殼的生物的總稱，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E9%A1%9E" title="貝類">貝類</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84596247">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox 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0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talk:貝殼（页面不存在）">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Copy_edit plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/48px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/72px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/96px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何審核校對">編修</a>，以確保文法、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:避免使用的字詞">用詞、语气</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="Wikipedia:格式手册">格式</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/标点符号">標點</a>等使用恰当。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2019年12月15日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請按照<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何審核校對">校對指引</a>，幫助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit">编辑</a>這個條目。（<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:编辑">幫助</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talk:貝殼（页面不存在）">討論</a>）</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2019年12月15日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC%22">"貝殼"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shells_of_marine_Mollusc1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Shells_of_marine_Mollusc1.jpg/250px-Shells_of_marine_Mollusc1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Shells_of_marine_Mollusc1.jpg/375px-Shells_of_marine_Mollusc1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Shells_of_marine_Mollusc1.jpg/500px-Shells_of_marine_Mollusc1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1906" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bivalvia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bivalvia.jpg/250px-Bivalvia.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bivalvia.jpg/375px-Bivalvia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bivalvia.jpg/500px-Bivalvia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="1608" /></a><figcaption>各種不同的貝殼</figcaption></figure> <p><b>貝殼</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Seashell</span>），根據英文也可翻譯成<b>海貝</b>，大部分是指<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="軟體動物">軟體動物</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="外骨骼">外骨骼</a>。它們的共同特點是中空而且堅硬，屬於該動物的原始身體的一部份。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E9%A1%9E" title="貝類">貝類</a>被捕食或是死亡肉體<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E7%88%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="腐爛">腐爛</a>後，貝殼可能被沖上岸或是沉入海底。 </p><p>人類接觸貝殼的方式通常是在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%81%98" class="mw-redirect" title="海灘">海灘</a>，而大多数海滩上的海贝壳基本都是是<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="软体动物">软体动物</a>的外殼，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%89%87%E8%B2%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="兩扇貝">兩扇貝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A1%E8%A0%A3" title="牡蠣">牡蠣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%9E%BA" title="海螺">海螺</a>等，因为軟體動物中的擁有貝殼的物種數量最多，而且贝壳的硬度也非常高，所以很容易被人類發現。研究贝壳的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="学科">学科</a>叫做<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%A3%B3%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="贝壳学">贝壳学</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義及翻譯"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9.E5.8F.8A.E7.BF.BB.E8.AD.AF"></span>定義及翻譯</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：定義及翻譯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在英文中，术语“海贝壳（Seashell）”通常專指海洋動物身上所攜帶的貝殼，而陸地動物的則不包括在內，但在中文中並沒有這個定義上的限制。 </p><p>在中文中，除了軟體動物的貝殼，海灘上還可以發現<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E8%82%A2%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="節肢動物">節肢動物</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E5%A3%BA" title="藤壺">藤壶</a> 、<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%95%E8%B6%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="腕足动物">腕足动物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E8%8A%82%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="环节动物">环节动物</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E4%BB%8B%E8%99%AB%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="龙介虫科">龙介虫科</a>的貝壳，它們也被算作是貝殼的一類；海贝壳也不是唯一的一种贝壳，淡水中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%9A%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="蚌">蚌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E8%9E%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="田螺">田螺</a> ，陆地上的<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%97%E7%89%9B" title="蜗牛">蜗牛</a>等的殼也能被稱為貝壳。此外，<a href="/wiki/%E8%9F%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="蟹">蟹</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E8%99%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="龙虾">龙虾</a>的壳、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="鲎">鲎</a>的殼這樣無法形成單獨“貝狀”的形態就不能稱之為貝殼。 </p><p>当“海贝壳”这个词仅指海洋软体动物的壳时，对海贝壳的研究是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="贝类学">贝类学</a>的一部份，对包括壳的整只软体动物的研究叫做<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="软体动物学">软体动物学</a>，研究软体动物的科学家叫做<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="軟體動物學">软体动物学家</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生態"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E6.85.8B"></span>生態</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：生態"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Selection_of_Seashells.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Selection_of_Seashells.jpg/220px-Selection_of_Seashells.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Selection_of_Seashells.jpg/330px-Selection_of_Seashells.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Selection_of_Seashells.jpg/440px-Selection_of_Seashells.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>一些貝殼</figcaption></figure> <p>大sky,sms 海裡各式各樣的大海螺（這就是長得不一樣的貝殼的由來）所生的小海螺，牠們的貝殼會隨著成長而變大的。所以只要見到小貝殼，那就可能是已經夭折的小海螺。海贝壳可以经常在海滩漂移物中找到, 海滩漂移物是指在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%BB%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="沙滩">沙滩</a>上海滨线四周由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="海浪">海浪</a>堆积的天然碎屑。在海滩上的贝壳通常是空的和干净的, 动物已经死亡, 软体部分已腐败或被<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%82%89%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="食肉动物">食肉动物</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%85%90%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="食腐动物">食腐动物</a>食用。海岸巨浪经常将海贝壳冲到岸边。然而，大部分用于售卖的海贝壳都是大量活捉的，之后被杀死清洗，这一问题在商业贸易中特别严重。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这种大规模的开采会为当地的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="生态系统">生态系统</a>带来强烈的负面影响，而且也会严重减少稀有品种的分布。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化价值"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E4.BB.B7.E5.80.BC"></span>文化价值</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：文化价值"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="货币"><span id=".E8.B4.A7.E5.B8.81"></span>货币</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：货币"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cypraea-moneta-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cypraea-moneta-001.jpg/220px-Cypraea-moneta-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cypraea-moneta-001.jpg/330px-Cypraea-moneta-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cypraea-moneta-001.jpg/440px-Cypraea-moneta-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="856" /></a><figcaption>1742年用作货币的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E8%B4%9D" title="货贝">货贝</a> </figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B8%81" title="贝币">贝币</a></div> <p>在历史上的史前時期，贝壳被人類用於多種不同的目的，最常見的使用方式是當作<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="貨幣">貨幣</a>，包括中國、印度洋島嶼、太平洋岛屿、北美洲、非洲以及加勒比海地区。最常见的货币贝壳是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E8%B4%9D" title="货贝">货贝</a>，和其他特定的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%98%E8%B6%B3%E7%BA%B2" title="掘足纲">掘足纲</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%B2%9D%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="角貝屬">角贝属</a>, 这些贝壳种类被北美洲西北部使用了数世纪。 </p><p>印度和太平洋殖民地主力的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="荷兰东印度公司">荷兰东印度公司</a>在殖民時期使用了<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E8%B4%9D" title="货贝">货贝</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%BA%B9%E8%B4%A7%E8%B4%9D" title="环纹货贝">环纹货贝</a>积累大量财富。他们用贝壳货币与當地土著交换了珍貴的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%96%99" title="香料">香料</a>、珍禽異獸和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="宝石">宝石</a> 。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D" title="商朝">商朝</a>之前採用貝殼作為貿易貨幣，故在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>中和貿易、販賣、金錢有關的字多為“貝部”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="乐器"><span id=".E4.B9.90.E5.99.A8"></span>乐器</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：乐器"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>如果不是几千年来，被用来作为<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E4%B9%90%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="管乐器">管乐器</a>。大多数情况下，大型海蜗牛的贝壳的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔尖（页面不存在）">塔尖</a>上被切一个洞，之后可以用做小号。各种不同种类的大型海洋腹壳可以被做成 “吹弹贝壳”，然而作为“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%9E%BA" title="海螺">海螺</a>”号角最常遇到的物种是： </p> <ul><li>印度的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E8%9E%BA" title="大法螺">大法螺</a>經常作為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>的法器使用。</li> <li>神圣的犬齿螺属，<i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E9%93%85%E8%9E%BA" title="印度铅螺">印度铅螺</a></i>，在印度被称为<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="商卡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="shankha"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E5%8D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="商卡（页面不存在）">商卡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/shankha" class="extiw" title="en:shankha"><span lang="en" dir="auto">shankha</span></a></span>）</span></span>，在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏">西藏</a>它被称为“粪噶”。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%90%8C%E8%9E%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特里同螺（页面不存在）">特里同螺</a>也被称为“海卫一的小号”“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%9E%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="法螺">法螺</a>”在美拉尼西亚和波利尼西亚文化、还有<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="韩国">韩国</a>、日本被用做小号。该种小号在日本被称为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%9E%BA%E8%B2%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="法螺貝">法螺贝</a>。在韩国被称为<a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E8%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="螺角">螺角</a>。在一些波利尼西亚群岛，它被称为"<i>pu</i>"。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%8E%8B%E9%B3%B3%E5%87%B0%E8%9E%BA" title="女王鳳凰螺">女王鳳凰螺</a>在加勒比海被用做小号。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="首飾和室內裝飾"><span id=".E9.A6.96.E9.A3.BE.E5.92.8C.E5.AE.A4.E5.85.A7.E8.A3.9D.E9.A3.BE"></span>首飾和室內裝飾</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：首飾和室內裝飾"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由於部分貝殼外形漂亮，有人會有收集貝殼的<a href="/wiki/%E5%97%9C%E5%A5%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="嗜好">嗜好</a>。自史前時代，整個或部分海貝殼已被用來作為珠寶或其他形式的裝飾。 <a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%AF%8D" title="珍珠母">珍珠母</a>原本主要是海貝類產品，但最近也有一些來自淡水蚌的珍珠母貝。另請參閱<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0" title="珍珠">珍珠</a>。 </p> <ul><li>石器時代墳墓中已發現貝殼項鍊，最靠近內陸的發現地點是法國的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E6%B6%85%E7%9C%81" title="多爾多涅省">多爾多涅省</a>谷。</li> <li>海貝殼經常被整體的鑽孔，使它們可以被像 <a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0" title="珍珠">珍珠</a>一樣穿起來，或切成各種形狀的片。有時貝殼被發現時可能已經被家庭食肉蝸牛<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E8%9E%BA%E7%A7%91" title="玉螺科">玉螺科</a> “鑽”過了。 <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" title="塔斯馬尼亞原住民">塔斯馬尼原住民</a>婦女製作精細貝殼項鍊已超過2600年。項鍊，代表一個重大的文化傳統，仍然由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" title="塔斯馬尼亞原住民">塔斯馬尼亞原住民</a>女長老延續著。所使用的貝殼包括珍珠綠和藍綠色maireener（彩虹海帶）貝殼，棕色和白色水稻貝殼，黑貓齒貝殼和粉紅按鈕貝殼。</li> <li>自然發生的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8C%90%E6%AE%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="錐殼（页面不存在）">錐殼</a>“頂端”（斷開的尖頂殼，往往有一個孔在尖端）不經過加工便可充當珠子。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%A8%81%E5%A4%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="夏威夷">夏威夷</a>，有傳統在海灘漂移物中收集這些天然珠子，製成<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E5%8D%A1%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普卡貝殼（页面不存在）">普卡貝殼</a>珠寶。由於天然形成的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8C%90%E6%AE%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="錐殼（页面不存在）">錐殼</a>非常稀少，幾乎所有的現代普卡<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC%E9%A3%BE%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貝殼飾品（页面不存在）">貝殼飾品</a>都使用更便宜的仿製品，由其他薄貝殼的軟體動物品種切割而成，有些甚至是塑料製成的。</li> <li>貝殼自從過去一直被製成或納入項鍊、吊墜、珠、耳環、<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%95%E6%89%A3" title="鈕扣">鈕扣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B8%E9%87%9D" title="胸針">胸針</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%92%E6%8C%87" title="戒指">戒指</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B3%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="梳子">梳子</a>、皮帶扣及其他用途。</li> <li>大“萬寶螺”海蝸牛的外殼，歷史以來一直被用來做珍貴的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E9%9B%95" title="浮雕">浮雕</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" title="美洲原住民">美洲原住民</a>的一些部落使用贝壳制作串珠和髮飾。美洲原住民的串珠带是用文蛤制作的。</li> <li>來自許多種海貝，包括家族<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B9%84%E8%9E%BA%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="马蹄螺科">马蹄螺科</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%BE%E8%9E%BA%E7%A7%91" title="蝾螺科">蝾螺科</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E8%9E%BA%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="鲍螺科">鲍螺科</a>和各種珍珠雙殼類的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%AF%8D" title="珍珠母">珍珠母</a>經常被用於珠寶，按鈕等等。</li> <li>在倫敦，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%A0%E5%85%89%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%92%8C%E7%8E%8B%E5%90%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="珠光國王和王后（页面不存在）">珠光國王和王后</a>傳統穿被數百“珍珠<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%95%E6%89%A3" title="鈕扣">鈕扣</a>”的排列覆蓋的服裝，換句話說，鈕扣是用<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%AF%8D" title="珍珠母">珍珠母</a>製成的。然而近年來，大多數的“珍珠鈕扣”都是塑膠製的仿製品。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8A%9D%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC%E5%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="三芝貝殼廟">三芝貝殼廟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水手情人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sailor's valentine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%8B%E6%83%85%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水手情人（页面不存在）">水手情人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailor%27s_valentine" class="extiw" title="en:Sailor's valentine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sailor's valentine</span></a></span>）</span></span>是19世紀後期<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="加勒比地区">加勒比地區</a>的裝飾紀念品，並經常由如英國的水手購買送給家中的的愛人。這些情人禮物由小貝殼精心排放粘成誘人的對稱設計，裝在一個木製（通常為八角形）鉸鏈箱框架上。這些排列圖案通常是心形，或是排列字母拼寫成富有情感的愛語。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗教与灵性"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E4.B8.8E.E7.81.B5.E6.80.A7"></span>宗教与灵性</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：宗教与灵性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>贝壳在宗教中有一定的作用，它们有时甚至是被祭祀的对象。 </p> <ul><li>在基督教中，<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%87%E8%B4%9D" title="扇贝">扇贝</a>象征着<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%9F%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%A3%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伟大的圣詹姆斯（页面不存在）">伟大的圣詹姆斯</a>，参见词条<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="朝圣大海扇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pecten jacobaeus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%B7%E6%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朝圣大海扇（页面不存在）">朝圣大海扇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecten_jacobaeus" class="extiw" title="en:Pecten jacobaeus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pecten jacobaeus</span></a></span>）</span></span>。</li> <li>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>中，向左开口的<i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E9%93%85%E8%9E%BA" title="印度铅螺">印度铅螺</a></i>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="商卡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="shankha"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E5%8D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="商卡（页面不存在）">商卡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/shankha" class="extiw" title="en:shankha"><span lang="en" dir="auto">shankha</span></a></span>）</span></span>）被视作奉献给神毗湿奴的圣物。能找到开口在左（纹理向左环绕）的犬齿螺属贝壳的人也被认为是奉献给毗湿奴的人。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>中犬齿螺属贝壳也有重要的地位。</li> <li>货贝经常被视为女性生育的象征。它们通常被视作生育的 <a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B7%E8%BA%AB%E7%AC%A6" title="護身符">护身符</a>。贝壳的背部象征着孕妇的腹部，下方则象征着 <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E6%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="陰戶">阴户</a>。在南印度咔拉拉邦，货贝被用于星象预测。</li> <li>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC" title="桑特·加亚尔多尼">桑特里亚</a>, 占卜中也用到了贝壳。</li> <li>古<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81" title="秘鲁">秘鲁</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%88%87%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="莫切文化">莫切文化</a>信奉海洋和动物，他们经常在艺术中描绘贝壳。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%8A%E6%9D%AF" title="筊杯">筊杯</a>的原型為以二片蚌殼投擲於地，視其落地凹凸情況判斷吉凶，或視為神靈指示與否。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="工具"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E5.85.B7"></span>工具</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：工具"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>贝壳经常被用作<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="工具">工具</a>，因为其高强度和变化多端的形状。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%A0%97%E7%A3%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="大砗磲">大砗磲</a> (砗磲科) 被用做碗，够大的甚至会被用作浴缸，以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A4%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="洗礼">洗礼</a>用的圣水盆。</li> <li>土著澳大利亚人将一种贝壳命名为 <i><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%B0%E5%AD%90%E6%B6%A1%E8%9E%BA" title="椰子涡螺">椰子涡螺</a></i>，因为他们用这种贝壳舀出独木舟中的水。</li> <li>许多品种的双壳贝根据不同的形状被用作刮刀、刀刃、钩子还有其他工具。</li> <li>有些海洋腹足动物被用作<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E7%81%AF" title="油灯">油灯</a>，油被灌入贝壳上的孔，<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%B9%E7%AE%A1" title="虹管">虹管</a>被用作灯芯的支架。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="园艺"><span id=".E5.9B.AD.E8.89.BA"></span>园艺</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：园艺"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在某些地区，海贝壳、牡蠣殼是一种易于获取的丰富的碳酸钙资源。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%88%A9" title="杜利">杜利</a> 等贝壳在 <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%AD%E8%89%BA%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="园艺学">园艺学</a>中可做土壤调理剂。磨碎的贝壳可以增加土壤的<a href="/wiki/PH%E5%80%BC" title="PH值">pH值</a> 和<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">钙</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2018/07/wildlife-watch-seashells誒誒誒illegal-trade-handicrafts/">Seashell Souvenirs Are Killing Protected Marine Life</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-07-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109065848/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2018/07/wildlife-watch-seashells-illegal-trade-handicrafts/">存档</a>于2020-11-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&rft.btitle=Seashell+Souvenirs+Are+Killing+Protected+Marine+Life&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fanimals%2F2018%2F07%2Fwildlife-watch-seashells%E8%AA%92%E8%AA%92%E8%AA%92illegal-trade-handicrafts%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021010404/http://www.furious.com/perfect/shells.html">SOME BASICS ON SHELL TRUMPETS AND SOME VERY BASICS ON HOW TO MAKE THEM</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-04-25</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.furious.com/perfect/shells.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-10-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC&rft.btitle=SOME+BASICS+ON+SHELL+TRUMPETS+AND+SOME+VERY+BASICS+ON+HOW+TO+MAKE+THEM&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.furious.com%2Fperfect%2Fshells.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=貝殼&oldid=85004907">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=貝殼&oldid=85004907</a>”</div></div> <div 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