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aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cathedral of Saint Sophia, Novgorod</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Изге София Соборы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Изге София Соборы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Сафійскі сабор (Ноўгарад) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сафійскі сабор (Ноўгарад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_Santa_Sofia_de_N%C3%B3vgorod" title="Catedral de Santa Sofia de Nóvgorod – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Catedral de Santa Sofia de Nóvgorod" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chr%C3%A1m_svat%C3%A9_Sofie_(Novgorod)" title="Chrám svaté Sofie (Novgorod) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chrám svaté Sofie (Novgorod)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophienkathedrale_(Nowgorod)" title="Sophienkathedrale (Nowgorod) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sophienkathedrale (Nowgorod)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_Santa_Sof%C3%ADa_de_N%C3%B3vgorod" title="Catedral de Santa Sofía de Nóvgorod – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Catedral de Santa Sofía de Nóvgorod" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedralo_Sankta_Sofio_de_Novgorod" title="Katedralo Sankta Sofio de Novgorod – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Katedralo Sankta Sofio de Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Sofia_katedrala_(Novgorod)" title="Santa Sofia katedrala (Novgorod) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Santa Sofia katedrala (Novgorod)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF" title="کلیسای سنت سوفیا، نووگورود – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلیسای سنت سوفیا، نووگورود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Sainte-Sophie_de_Novgorod" title="Cathédrale Sainte-Sophie de Novgorod – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cathédrale Sainte-Sophie de Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint-Sofiakatedraal_(Veliki_Novgorod)" title="Sint-Sofiakatedraal (Veliki Novgorod) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sint-Sofiakatedraal (Veliki Novgorod)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedrala_sv._Sofije_u_Velikom_Novgorodu" title="Katedrala sv. Sofije u Velikom Novgorodu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Katedrala sv. Sofije u Velikom Novgorodu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedral_Santa_Sofia,_Novgorod" title="Katedral Santa Sofia, Novgorod – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katedral Santa Sofia, Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattedrale_di_Santa_Sofia_(Velikij_Novgorod)" title="Cattedrale di Santa Sofia (Velikij Novgorod) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cattedrale di Santa Sofia (Velikij Novgorod)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ნოვგოროდის წმინდა სოფიას საკათედრო ტაძარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნოვგოროდის წმინდა სოფიას საკათედრო ტაძარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancta_Sophia_(Novogardia)" title="Sancta Sophia (Novogardia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sancta Sophia (Novogardia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szent_Sz%C3%B3fia-sz%C3%A9kesegyh%C3%A1z_(Velikij_Novgorod)" title="Szent Szófia-székesegyház (Velikij Novgorod) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szent Szófia-székesegyház (Velikij Novgorod)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%86%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%E2%80%9E%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%E2%80%9C_-_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Соборна црква „Света Софија“ - Велики Новгород – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Соборна црква „Света Софија“ - Велики Новгород" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%89_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF)" title="كاتدرائيه القديسه صوفيا (فيليكى نوفجورود) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاتدرائيه القديسه صوفيا (فيليكى نوفجورود)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofiakathedraal_(Novgorod)" title="Sofiakathedraal (Novgorod) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sofiakathedraal (Novgorod)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E3%82%BD%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E5%A4%A7%E8%81%96%E5%A0%82_(%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B4%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AD%E3%83%89)" title="聖ソフィア大聖堂 (ノヴゴロド) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="聖ソフィア大聖堂 (ノヴゴロド)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%87%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81_(%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C-%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Сийлахьчу Софиян килс (Сийлахь-йоккха Новгород) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сийлахьчу Софиян килс (Сийлахь-йоккха Новгород)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Sofia-katedralen_(Novgorod)" title="St. Sofia-katedralen (Novgorod) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="St. Sofia-katedralen (Novgorod)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_M%C4%85dro%C5%9Bci_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Nowogrodzie_Wielkim" title="Sobór Mądrości Bożej w Nowogrodzie Wielkim – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sobór Mądrości Bożej w Nowogrodzie Wielkim" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Софийский собор (Великий Новгород) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Софийский собор (Великий Новгород)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chr%C3%A1m_sv%C3%A4tej_Sofie_(Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD_Novgorod)" title="Chrám svätej Sofie (Veľký Novgorod) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chrám svätej Sofie (Veľký Novgorod)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saborna_crkva_Svete_Sofije_u_Velikom_Novogorodu" title="Saborna crkva Svete Sofije u Velikom Novogorodu – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Saborna crkva Svete Sofije u Velikom Novogorodu" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crkva_sv._Sofije_u_Novgorodu" title="Crkva sv. Sofije u Novgorodu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Crkva sv. Sofije u Novgorodu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyh%C3%A4n_Sofian_katedraali_(Novgorod)" title="Pyhän Sofian katedraali (Novgorod) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pyhän Sofian katedraali (Novgorod)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D,_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="புனித சோபியா பேராலயம், நொவ்கொரொட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புனித சோபியா பேராலயம், நொவ்கொரொட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Изге София Соборы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Изге София Соборы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Софійський собор (Новгород) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Софійський собор (Новгород)" 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data for this location">58.52217°N 31.27660°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.52217; 31.27660</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_of_Novgorod&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Novgorod">Cross of Novgorod</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cathedral church of the Archbishop of Novgorod and mother church of Novgorodian Eparchy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #FFCF00">Cathedral of Saint Sophia<br /><small><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Софийский собор</span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod.jpg/220px-Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod.jpg/330px-Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod.jpg/440px-Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">View of the cathedral from the southeast</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFCF00">Religion</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox">Russian Orthodox</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Province</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Novgorod_and_Staraya_Russa" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Novgorod and Staraya Russa">Diocese of Novgorod and Staraya Russa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">Year consecrated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1050 or 1052</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFCF00">Location</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Geographic coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cathedral_of_Saint_Sophia,_Novgorod&params=58.52217_N_31.2766_E_type:landmark_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">58°31′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">31°16′36″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">58.52217°N 31.27660°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.52217; 31.27660</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFCF00">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Church</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Groundbreaking</th><td class="infobox-data note">1045</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data note">1050</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFCF00">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height (max)</th><td class="infobox-data">38 metres (125 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">Dome</a>(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>Official name: Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Cultural</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">ii, iv, vi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1992 <small>(16th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">session</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/604">604</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State Party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Eastern_Europe" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Cathedral of Saint Sophia, the Holy Wisdom of God</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Кафедральный собор Софии Премудрости Божией</span>) in <a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a>, Russia, is the cathedral church of the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Novgorod">Metropolitan of Novgorod</a> and the mother church of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Novgorod" title="Diocese of Novgorod">Novgorodian Eparchy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathedral_of_Saint_Sophia,_Novgorod&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 38-metre-high, five-domed, stone cathedral was built by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_of_Novgorod" title="Vladimir of Novgorod">Vladimir of Novgorod</a> and Bishop <a href="/wiki/Luka_Zhidiata" title="Luka Zhidiata">Luka Zhidiata</a> between 1045 and 1050 to replace an oaken cathedral built by Bishop <a href="/wiki/Ioakim_Korsunianin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioakim Korsunianin">Ioakim Korsunianin</a> in the late tenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This makes it the oldest church building in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> outside the Caucasus (<a href="/wiki/Tkhaba-Yerdy_Church" title="Tkhaba-Yerdy Church">Tkhaba-Yerdy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ingushetia" title="Ingushetia">Ingushetia</a> dates from before the 8th century) and the oldest building of any kind still in use in the country, with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Zelenchuk_churches" title="Zelenchuk churches">Arkhyz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shoana_Church" title="Shoana Church">Shoana</a> churches. It was consecrated by Bishop <a href="/wiki/Luka_Zhidiata" title="Luka Zhidiata">Luka Zhidiata</a> (1035–1060) on September 14, in 1050 or 1052, the feast of the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Cross" title="Feast of the Cross">Exaltation of the Cross</a>. (A fresco just inside the south entrance depicts Sts. Constantine and Helena, who found the true cross in the fourth century; it is one of the oldest works of art in the cathedral and is thought to commemorate its dedication.)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it is commonly known as St. Sophia's, it is not named for any of the female saints of that name (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Rome" title="Sophia of Rome">Sophia of Rome</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophia of Milan">Sophia the Martyr</a>); rather, the name comes from the Greek word for wisdom (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">σοφία</span></span>, from whence we get words like philo<i>sophia</i> or philosophy—"the love of wisdom"), and thus Novgorod's cathedral is dedicated to the Holy Wisdom of God, in imitation of the <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a> cathedral of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. Holy Wisdom is a reference to Christ. </p><p>The main, golden cupola, was gilded by Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Ioann_(Archbishop_of_Novgorod)" title="Ioann (Archbishop of Novgorod)">Ioann</a> (1388–1415) in 1408. The sixth (and the largest) dome crowns a tower which leads to the upper galleries. In medieval times these were said to hold the Novgorodian treasury and there was a library there, said to have been started by <a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_the_Wise" title="Yaroslav the Wise">Yaroslav the Wise</a>. When the library was moved to the <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Spiritual_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Spiritual Academy">St. Petersburg Spiritual Academy</a> in 1859, it numbered more than 1,500 volumes, some dating back to the 13th century. The current archbishop, <a href="/wiki/Lev_(Archbishop_of_Novgorod)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lev (Archbishop of Novgorod)">Lev</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has reestablished a library there, in keeping with the ancient tradition. As of 2004, it housed some 5,000 volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Sunday school is also held in the gallery.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Icona_Znamenia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Icona_Znamenia.jpg/220px-Icona_Znamenia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Icona_Znamenia.jpg/330px-Icona_Znamenia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Icona_Znamenia.jpg/440px-Icona_Znamenia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption>Inside the church is <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Sign_(Novgorod)" title="Our Lady of the Sign (Novgorod)">Our Lady of the Sign</a>, an icon credited with saving Novgorod from <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Bogolyubsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrei Bogolyubsky">Andrei Bogolyubsky</a>'s troops in 1170</figcaption></figure> <p>The cupolas are thought to have acquired their present helmet-like shape in the 1150s, when the cathedral was restored after a fire. The interior was painted in 1108 at the behest of Bishop <a href="/wiki/Nicetas_of_Novgorod" title="Nicetas of Novgorod">Nikita</a> (1096–1108), although the project was not undertaken until shortly after his death. Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Niphont_of_Novgorod" title="Niphont of Novgorod">Nifont</a> (1130–1156) had the exterior whitewashed and had the Martirievskii and Pretechenskaia porches (<i>papter'</i>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Which_lang" title="Template:Which lang"><span title="An editor could not identify the correct language for tagging this word or phrase. (March 2023)">what language is this?</span></a></i>]</sup> more akin to side chapels) painted sometime during his tenure, but those frescoes are hardly visible now because of frequent fires. In the 1860s, parts of the interior had to be repainted and most of the current frescoes are from the 1890s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A white stone <a href="/wiki/Belltower" class="mw-redirect" title="Belltower">belltower</a> in five bays was built by Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Euthymius_II_of_Novgorod" title="Euthymius II of Novgorod">Evfimy II</a> (1429–1458), the greatest architectural patron to ever hold the archiepiscopal office. He also had the Palace of Facets built just northwest of the cathedral in 1433. The nearby <a href="/wiki/Clocktower" class="mw-redirect" title="Clocktower">clocktower</a> was initially completed under his patronage as well, but fell down in the seventeenth century and was restored in 1673. </p><p>From the 12th to the 15th century, the cathedral was a ceremonial and spiritual centre of the <a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod Republic</a>, which sprawled from the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a>, and came to symbolize the city itself, with chronicle references to the Novgordians being willing "to lay down their heads for Holy Wisdom" or "to die honorably for Holy Wisdom."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When one prince angered them, they told him "we have no prince, only God, the Truth, and Holy Wisdom."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On another occasion, they made the cathedral the symbol of the city itself, saying "Where Holy Wisdom is, there is Novgorod."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solomon_novgorod.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Solomon_novgorod.jpg/150px-Solomon_novgorod.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Solomon_novgorod.jpg/225px-Solomon_novgorod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Solomon_novgorod.jpg/300px-Solomon_novgorod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption>An 11th-century fresco on the wall</figcaption></figure> <p>The House of Holy Wisdom (<i>Дом святой Софии</i>/<i>Dom svyatoy Sofii</i>) was one of the largest landowners in the Novgorod Land. Its possessions were spread across all parts of Novgorod land and outside of it. In the 16th century the House had its own court in Moscow and by the second half of 17th century it also owned 41 monasteries with their land and peasants. The bishop (later, archbishop) headed the House of Holy Wisdom. He was assisted by the head of the chancellery (<i>d'yak</i>) and treasurer and about 100 other staff who included scribes, bookbinders, icon painters and silversmiths.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cathedral has long been the city's great necropolis, the burial place of 47 people of prominence in the city's history, including several princes and posadniks and 32 bishops, archbishops, and metropolitans of Novgorod. The first burial there was Prince Vladimir himself in 1052. The first bishop was Luka Zhidiata in 1060. The last burial in the cathedral was Metropolitan Gurii in 1912. Most of the burials are below the floor in the Martirievskaia Porch, on the south side of the cathedral, named for Bishop Martirii (1193–1199). Later burials took place (again below the floor) in the Pretechenskaia Papter' on the north side of the cathedral. Today, there are several burials in the main body of the church. The sarcophagi of Prince Vladimir and Princess Anna overlook the Martirievskaia Porch; Archbishop Ilya (also known as Ioann) (1165–1186) is buried in the northwestern corner of the main body of the church, next to the Pretechenskaia Porch. Bishop Nikita lies in a glass-covered sarcaphogus between the chapels of the Nativity of the Mother of God and Sts. Ioakim and Anne and the sarcophagus is opened on his feast days (January 30, the day of his death and April 30/May 13, the day of the "uncovering of his relics," i.e., when his tomb was opened in 1558) so the faithful can venerate his relics. Two other princes also lie in the main body of the cathedral and in the Chapel of the Nativity of the Mother of God.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_St._Sophia,_Novgorod,_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cathedral_of_St._Sophia%2C_Novgorod%2C_Russia.jpg/220px-Cathedral_of_St._Sophia%2C_Novgorod%2C_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cathedral_of_St._Sophia%2C_Novgorod%2C_Russia.jpg/330px-Cathedral_of_St._Sophia%2C_Novgorod%2C_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cathedral_of_St._Sophia%2C_Novgorod%2C_Russia.jpg/440px-Cathedral_of_St._Sophia%2C_Novgorod%2C_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="725" /></a><figcaption>The Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in 1900</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banknote_5_rubles_(1997)_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Banknote_5_rubles_%281997%29_front.jpg/220px-Banknote_5_rubles_%281997%29_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Banknote_5_rubles_%281997%29_front.jpg/330px-Banknote_5_rubles_%281997%29_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Banknote_5_rubles_%281997%29_front.jpg/440px-Banknote_5_rubles_%281997%29_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6713" data-file-height="2989" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Millennium_of_Russia" title="Millennium of Russia">Millennium of Russia</a> and the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom on a <a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">5-ruble bill</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_Novgorod.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cross_of_Novgorod.svg/220px-Cross_of_Novgorod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cross_of_Novgorod.svg/330px-Cross_of_Novgorod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cross_of_Novgorod.svg/440px-Cross_of_Novgorod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption>The Cross of Novgorod, found at the Cathedral</figcaption></figure> <p>The cathedral was <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Novgorod#St._Sophia_Cathedral" title="Massacre of Novgorod">looted by Ivan the Terrible</a> in the 1570s but restored by Archbishop Leonid (1572–1575). He built the Tsar's Pew which stands just inside the south entrance of the main body of the cathedral near the Martirievskii Porch. Leonid also had several large chandeliers hung in the cathedral, but only one of them survives.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in the eighteenth century, the archbishops or metropolitans of Novgorod lived in St. Petersburg (they were known as archbishops or metropolitans of Novgorod and St. Petersburg). Thus, while Novgorod technically still had a prelate, he was not often active in the city itself, and the church in the city was administered by a vicar bishop for much of the time. Twelve metropolitans of Novgorod and St. Petersburg (or Leningrad) are buried in the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Lavra" title="Alexander Nevsky Lavra">Alexander Nevsky Lavra</a> in St. Petersburg, rather than in the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> occupation of Novgorod, the Kremlin was heavily damaged from the battles and from the Nazi abuse. However, the cathedral itself survived. The large cross on the main dome (which has a metal bird attached to it, perhaps symbolic of the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove) was removed by <a href="/wiki/Blue_Division" title="Blue Division">Spanish infantry</a>. For over 60 years it resided in the <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>'s Military Engineering Academy Museum, until November 16, 2004, when it was handed over back to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> by the Spanish brothers Miguel Ángel and Fernando Garrido Polonio who discovered the Cross in a military camp in Madrid. The domes were heavily damaged in the war, and the large Christ Pantocrator in the dome was ruined. According to legend, the painters painted him with a clenched fist. The archbishop told them to repaint Christ with an open palm, and when they returned the next morning, the hand was miraculously clenched again. After repeated efforts, a voice from the dome is said to have told the archbishop to leave the painting alone for as long as Christ's fist remained closed, he would hold the fate of Novgorod in his hand.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Soviet period, the cathedral was a museum. It was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church in 1991. An inscription on the north wall of the west entrance attests to its rededication by Bishop Lev and <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Alexius_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Alexius II">Patriarch Alexius II</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathedral_of_Saint_Sophia,_Novgorod&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburg_Gates_of_Sophia_Cathedral,_Novgorod.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Magdeburg_Gates_of_Sophia_Cathedral%2C_Novgorod.jpg/250px-Magdeburg_Gates_of_Sophia_Cathedral%2C_Novgorod.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Magdeburg_Gates_of_Sophia_Cathedral%2C_Novgorod.jpg/375px-Magdeburg_Gates_of_Sophia_Cathedral%2C_Novgorod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Magdeburg_Gates_of_Sophia_Cathedral%2C_Novgorod.jpg/500px-Magdeburg_Gates_of_Sophia_Cathedral%2C_Novgorod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Detail of a portion of the Płock, Sigtuna or Magdeburg Gates at the West Entrance to the cathedral</figcaption></figure> <p>Novgorod's St. Sophia was the first Slavic church in which local divergences from <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine pattern</a> were made so evident. With its austere walls, narrow windows, the church is redolent of <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque architecture</a> of Western Europe, rather than of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> churches built at that time. </p><p>The Novgorod cathedral also differs strikingly from its <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral,_Kyiv" title="Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv">namesake and contemporary in Kyiv</a>. As one art historian put it, the Kyiv cathedral is a bride, whereas the Novgorod cathedral is a warrior. Its decoration is minimal, the use of brick is limited, and the masses are arranged vertically rather than horizontally. These features proved to be influential with Novgorod masters of the next generation, as the <a href="/wiki/Yuriev_Monastery" title="Yuriev Monastery">Yuriev Monastery</a> Cathedral (1119) and the <a href="/wiki/Antoniev_Monastery" title="Antoniev Monastery">Antoniev Monastery</a> Cathedral (1117) clearly show. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Icons">Icons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathedral_of_Saint_Sophia,_Novgorod&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Icons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The oldest icon in the cathedral is probably the Icon of the <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Sign_(Novgorod)" title="Our Lady of the Sign (Novgorod)">Mother of God of the Sign</a>, which according to legend miraculously saved Novgorod in 1169 when the Suzdalians attacked the city; it was brought out of the Church of the Transfiguration on Il'ina Street and displayed in the cathedral and on the walls of the city by Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Ilya_(Archbishop_of_Novgorod)" title="Ilya (Archbishop of Novgorod)">Ilya</a>. The Church of the Icon Mother of God of the Sign was built next to the Church of the Transfiguration in the seventeenth century to house the icon. During the Soviet period, it was housed in the nearby Novgorod Museum (as were the bones of Bishop Nikita, said to have been kept in a paper bag until they were transferred to the Church of Sts. Philip and Nicholas in 1957); the icon was returned to the cathedral in the early 1990s and stands just to the right of the Golden Doors of the iconostasis. The icon of Sophia, the Holy Wisdom of God, is also quite old and is part of the iconostasis just to the right of the Golden Doors as well (where the icon of the saint to which the church is dedicated usually hangs). Several icons were said to have been painted or commissioned by Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Vasilii_Kalika" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasilii Kalika">Vasilii Kalika</a> (1330–1352) and Archbishop Iona (1458–1470) and Archbishop Makarii (1526–1542) (he went on to become Metropolitan of Moscow and All Rus') is said to have painted the icons in the small iconostasis in the Chapel of the Nativity of the Mother of God (the iconostasis originally stood in the Chapel of Sts. Ioakim and Anne, just to the left of its present location.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petr-and-Pavel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Petr-and-Pavel.jpg/140px-Petr-and-Pavel.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Petr-and-Pavel.jpg/210px-Petr-and-Pavel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Petr-and-Pavel.jpg/280px-Petr-and-Pavel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="1170" /></a><figcaption>One of the 11th-century <i>Korsun</i> icons kept in Saint Sophia Cathedral until the Russian Revolution (236 × 147 cm)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gates">Gates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathedral_of_Saint_Sophia,_Novgorod&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three famous sets of gates adorned the cathedral over the centuries; they are known as the Korsun, Vasilii, and Sigtuna (or Płock, or Magdeburg) Gates. The Korsun Gates hang at the western entrance to the Chapel of the Nativity of the Mother of God at the southeast corner of the cathedral. They were said to have been brought to Novgorod by Bishop Ioakim Korsunianin, whose name indicates ties to <a href="/wiki/Chersonesus" title="Chersonesus">Korsun</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>. The Vasilii Gates, were donated to the cathedral in 1335 by Archbishop Vasilii Kalika and were taken by Tsar <a href="/wiki/Ivan_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan IV">Ivan IV</a> to his residence in <a href="/wiki/Alexandrov_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrov (town)">Alexandrov</a> near Moscow following the looting of the cathedral in 1570, where they still may be seen. They influenced artwork in the Moscow Kremlin executed under Ivan the Terrible.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The doors at the west entrance (intended to be the main entrance to the cathedral, although the main one is now the northern entrance), called the Sigtuna, Magdeburg or Płock Gates, are said to have been looted by Novgorodian forces from the Swedish town of <a href="/wiki/Sigtuna" title="Sigtuna">Sigtuna</a> in 1187. In fact, they were most probably wrought and sculptured by <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> masters, most likely in years 1152–1154, for the Archbishop of <a href="/wiki/P%C5%82ock" title="Płock">Płock</a> in Poland (where they were decorating one of the entrances into the <a href="/wiki/Masovian_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Masovian Blessed Virgin Mary Cathedral">Cathedral in Płock</a> for around 250 years<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>The gates were acquired by the Novgorodians most probably in the end of the 15th century, probably by Archbishop Evfimii II, who loved Western art (as can be seen in the Gothic style incorporated into the Palace of Facets) or—according to another theory—in the first half of the 15th century<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by prince of Novgorod and brother of the Polish king, <a href="/wiki/Simeon_Lingwen" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeon Lingwen">Simeon Lingwen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not known precisely how the Novgorodians acquired the Płock Gates—most probably they were a gift from Archbishops of <a href="/wiki/P%C5%82ock" title="Płock">Płock</a> or the dukes of <a href="/wiki/Mazovia" title="Mazovia">Mazovia</a> for the brother of Polish-Lithuanian King <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Jagie%C5%82%C5%82o" class="mw-redirect" title="Władysław Jagiełło">Władysław Jagiełło</a>, Lithuanian Duke <a href="/wiki/Simeon_Lingwen" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeon Lingwen">Lengvenis</a>, or for Archbishop Evfimii II. There is also another theory that the gates had been looted from the cathedral in Płock by pagan Lithuanians in the thirteenth century, and later somehow made their way to Novgorod. The first theory is considered the most likely. The Magdeburg or Płock Gates (sometimes also wrongly called the Sigtuna Gates) are opened only twice a year for special occasions, although some reports say that they are opened when the archbishop himself leads the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a>. Since 1982, copies of the Gates, a gift from Novgorod, hang in the Cathedral in Płock. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pigeon">Pigeon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathedral_of_Saint_Sophia,_Novgorod&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pigeon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A figure of pigeon—the symbol of the Holy Spirit—crowns the cross on the main dome of the cathedral. According to a local legend, a live pigeon sitting on the dome froze out of terror seeing the <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Novgorod" title="Massacre of Novgorod">Massacre of Novgorod</a>. In the 18th century the cathedral's treasury included a gold-plated silver pigeon. The dome and the figure were destroyed during the Nazi occupation of Novgorod and then restored after the war. The original figure was returned to Novgorod in 2005 by former members of the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Division" title="Blue Division">Blue Division</a> who fought in Novgorod.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathedral_of_Saint_Sophia,_Novgorod&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral,_Kyiv" title="Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv">Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Polotsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk">Saint Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathedral_of_Saint_Sophia,_Novgorod&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod">Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. N. Nasonov, ed., <i>Novgorodskaia Pervaia Letopis Starshego i mladshego izvodov</i> (Moscow and Leningrad: AN SSSR, 1950), 16,181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Iu. (Tatiana Iur’evna) Tsarevskaia, <i>St. Sofia’s Cathedral in Novgorod,</i> D. G. Fedosov, trans. (Moscow: Severnyi Palomnik, 2005). This is an English translation of <i>Sofiiskii sobor v Novgorode</i>. 2nd ed. (Moscow: Severnyi palomnik, 2005). The <i><a href="/wiki/Sofia_First_Chronicle" title="Sofia First Chronicle">Sofia First Chronicle</a></i> dates the consecration to 1050, the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorodian_Third_Chronicle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novgorodian Third Chronicle (page does not exist)">Novgorodian Third Chronicle</a></i> to 1052. See <i>Sofiiskii Sobor v Velikom Novgorode: Arkhitektura i istoriia</i>, online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.russiancity.ru/text/nov01.htm">http://www.russiancity.ru/text/nov01.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See his biography online at <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070313021033/http://www.velikiynovgorod.ru/personals/print/?id=203&nid=12">"Великий Новгород.ру - Персоналии"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.velikiynovgorod.ru/personals/print/?id=203&nid=12">the original</a> on 2007-03-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4.%D1%80%D1%83+-+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.velikiynovgorod.ru%2Fpersonals%2Fprint%2F%3Fid%3D203%26nid%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACathedral+of+Saint+Sophia%2C+Novgorod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Savushkina, “Biblioteka Sofiiskogo Sobora,” <i>Sofia</i>, No. 1 (2004).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tsarevskaia, <i>St. Sofia’s Cathedral in Novgorod</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. N. Nasonov, ed. <i>Novgorodskaia Pervaia Letopis</i>, 82, 310</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nasonov, ed. <i>Novgorodskaia Pervaia Letopis</i>, 89, 320-21; Michael C. Paul, “The Iaroslavichi and the Novgorodian Veche,” <i>Russian History/ Histoire Russe</i> 31, No. 1-2 (Spring-Summer 2004):53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sofiiskaia Pervaia Letopis</i>, Volume 6 of <i>Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopisei</i>, p. 251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЯнин2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Янин, В.Л., ed. (2007). <i>Великий Новгород. История и культура IX-XVII веков. Энциклопедический словарь</i> (in Russian). Нестор-История. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5981872365" title="Special:BookSources/978-5981872365"><bdi>978-5981872365</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4.+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+IX-XVII+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.+%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80-%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-5981872365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACathedral+of+Saint+Sophia%2C+Novgorod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Valentin Lavrent'evich Ianin, <i>Nekropol Novgorodskogo Sofiiskogo sobora: tserkovnaia traditsiia i istoricheskaia kritika</i> (Moscow: Nauka, 1988); Tsarevskaia, <i>St. Sofia’s Cathedral in Novgorod.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tsarevskaia, <i>St. Sofia’s Cathedral in Novgorod.</i> See also "Legenda o Spasa Vederzhitele so szhatoiu rukoi," (Легенда о Спасе Вседержителе со сжатою рукой = The Legend of the Almighty Savior with the Clenched Hand",) available online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://bibliotekar.ru/novgorod13.htm">http://bibliotekar.ru/novgorod13.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Makarii (Veretennikov, Petr Ivanovich; Archimandrite), “Vasil’evskie Vrata.” In <i>Makarievskaia Chteniia. Russkaia Kul’tura XVI veka – epoka Mitropolita Makariia. Materialy X Rossiiskoi nauchnoi konferentsii posviashchenoi Pamiati Sviatitelia Makariia</i>. Vypusk 10. (Mozhaisk: Terra, 2003): 111-119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Borkowski Robert,<i>Multimedialna Historia Płocka</i>, E-MOTION Sp. z o.o.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Teresa Mroczko, <i>Polska sztuka przedromańska i romańska</i>, Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe, 1988, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-221-0307-7" title="Special:BookSources/83-221-0307-7">83-221-0307-7</a>, page 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jadwiga Irena Daniec, <i>The Message of Faith and Symbol in European Medieval Bronze Church Doors</i> (Danbury, CT: Rutledge Books, 1999); Andrzej Poppe, “K istorii romanskikh dverei Sofii Novgorodskoi.” In G. K. Vagner and D. S. Likhachev. <i>Srednevekovaia Rus’</i> (Moscow: Nauka, 1976): 191-200; Tsarevskaia, <i>St. Sofia’s Cathedral in Novgorod</i>; Idem, <i>Magdeburgskie vrata Novgorodskoto Sofiiskogo Sobora</i> (Moscow: Severanyi Palomnik, 2001); A. N. (Anna Nikolaevna) Trifonova, “Bronzovye dveri Sofiiskogo Sobora v Novgorode.” <i>Novgorod i Novgorodskaia Zemlia: Istoriia i Arkheologiia</i> 9 (1995): 230-242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЯнин2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Янин, В.Л., ed. (2007). <i>Великий Новгород. История и культура IX-XVII веков. Энциклопедический словарь</i> (in Russian). Нестор-История. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5981872365" title="Special:BookSources/978-5981872365"><bdi>978-5981872365</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4.+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+IX-XVII+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.+%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80-%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-5981872365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACathedral+of+Saint+Sophia%2C+Novgorod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div 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navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4210814-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85129235">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sofijskij sobor v Novgorode"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2017975023&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007528929505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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