Maya Lin | Academy of Achievement

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From the moment she entered the national spotlight with her design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Maya Lin has been proposing ways of thinking and imagining that resist categories, genres and borders. She has pursued not one, but two parallel careers as artist and architect, both of which have won her international acclaim. Since the early 1980s, she has produced a body of work that led Time magazine to name her one of its "50 for the Future." Her art has been exhibited around the world, and her architecture has been applauded by the leading critics of our times. A film study of her work, Maya Lin: A Strong Clear Vision, won the Academy Award for Best Documentary. Her work has profoundly changed the way we experience things, creating works that have touched us in a manner unprecedented in contemporary art."/> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"/> <meta name="googlebot" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"/> <meta name="bingbot" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/maya-lin/"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Maya Lin | Academy of Achievement"/> <meta property="og:description" content="<p class="inputTextFirst">"In all my work I have tried to create works that present you with information allowing you the chance to come to your own conclusions; they ask you to think."</p> <p class="inputText">From the moment she entered the national spotlight with her design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Maya Lin has been proposing ways of thinking and imagining that resist categories, genres and borders. She has pursued not one, but two parallel careers as artist and architect, both of which have won her international acclaim.</p> <p class="inputText">Since the early 1980s, she has produced a body of work that led <i>Time</i> magazine to name her one of its "50 for the Future." Her art has been exhibited around the world, and her architecture has been applauded by the leading critics of our times. A film study of her work, <i>Maya Lin: A Strong Clear Vision, </i>won the Academy Award for Best Documentary.</p> <p class="inputText">Her work has profoundly changed the way we experience things, creating works that have touched us in a manner unprecedented in contemporary art.</p>"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/maya-lin/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Academy of Achievement"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2018-11-14T14:44:06+00:00"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin-3-Feature-Image-2800x1120.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="2800"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1120"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@achievers1961"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@achievers1961"/> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/#organization","name":"Academy of Achievement","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/","sameAs":["https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-academy-of-achievement","https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChe_87uh1H-NIMf3ndTjPFw","https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement","https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://twitter.com/achievers1961"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/#logo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/12.png","width":1200,"height":630,"caption":"Academy of Achievement"},"image":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/#logo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/#website","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/","name":"Academy of Achievement","description":"A museum of living history","publisher":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/search/{search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/maya-lin/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin-3-Feature-Image-2800x1120.jpg","width":2800,"height":1120},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/maya-lin/#webpage","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/maya-lin/","name":"Maya Lin | Academy of Achievement","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/maya-lin/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2016-06-25T00:42:26+00:00","dateModified":"2018-11-14T14:44:06+00:00","description":"\"In all my work I have tried to create works that present you with information allowing you the chance to come to your own conclusions; they ask you to think.\" From the moment she entered the national spotlight with her design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Maya Lin has been proposing ways of thinking and imagining that resist categories, genres and borders. 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role="document"> <div class="content"> <main class="main"> <div class="feature-area__container"> <header class="feature-area feature-area--has-image ratio-container ratio-container--feature"> <figure class="feature-box"> <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image feature-area__image" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin-3-Feature-Image-2800x1120.jpg [(max-width:544px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin-3-Feature-Image-2800x1120-1400x560.jpg [(max-width:992px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin-3-Feature-Image-2800x1120.jpg"></div> <div class="display--table"> <div class="display--table-cell"> <figcaption class="feature-area__text ratio-container__text container"> <div class="feature-area__text-inner text-white"> <h2 class="serif-8 feature-area__text-subhead back"><a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever">All achievers</a></h2> <h1 class="serif-1 entry-title feature-area__text-headline">Maya Lin</h1> <h5 class="sans-6 feature-area__blurb">Artist and Architect</h5> </div> </figcaption> </div> </div> </figure> </header> </div>  <nav class="in-page-nav row fixedsticky"> <ul class="nav text-xs-center clearfix" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link active" data-toggle="tab" href="#biography" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Biography">Biography</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#profile" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Profile">Profile</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#interview" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Interview">Interview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#gallery" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Gallery">Gallery</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <article class="post-2667 achiever type-achiever status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry careers-artist-and-architect"> <div class="entry-content container clearfix">  <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="biography" role="tabpanel"> <section class="achiever--biography"> <div class="banner clearfix"> <div class="banner--single clearfix"> <div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2"> <div class="banner__image__container"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/what-it-takes/id1025864075?mt=2" target="_blank"> <figure class="ratio-container ratio-container--square bg-black"> <img class="lazyload banner__image" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/WhatItTakes_lin-256-190x190.png" alt=""/> </figure> </a> </div> <div class="banner__text__container"> <h3 class="serif-3 banner__headline"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/what-it-takes/id1025864075?mt=2" target="_blank"> Listen to this achiever on <i>What It Takes</i> </a> </h3> <p class="sans-6 banner__text m-b-0"><i>What It Takes</i> is an audio podcast produced by the American Academy of Achievement featuring intimate, revealing conversations with influential leaders in the diverse fields of endeavor: public service, science and exploration, sports, technology, business, arts and humanities, and justice.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <header class="editorial-article__header col-md-8 col-md-offset-2 text-xs-center"> <i class="icon-icon_bio text-brand-primary"></i> <h3 class="serif-3 quote-marks">The idea is there. It happens overnight sometimes. It happens when I’m at a site sometimes. I know it right away. And I knew it when I saw the site. I wanted to cut it open and open up the earth and polish the earth’s edges. Then came the embellishment of the names having to be chronological...</h3> </header> </div> <div class="row"> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar clearfix"> <h2 class="serif-3 p-b-1">Presidential Medal of Freedom</h2> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Birth</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> October 5, 1959 </dd> </div> </aside> <article class="editorial-article col-md-8"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><p class="p1"><span class="s1">Maya Lin is the world-renowned architect of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, and one of the most important public artists of this century. Her parents fled China just before the Communist takeover in 1949, eventually settling in Athens, Ohio, where both became professors at Ohio University. Her mother wrote poetry and taught literature; her father, a ceramic artist, became the Dean of Fine Arts.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_13091" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-13091" style="width: 2790px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-13091 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-002-lin-Maya-Lin064.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-13091 size-full lazyload" alt="Maya Lin with her design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, May 6, 1981. (Corbis/Bettmann-UPI)" width="2790" height="1734" data-sizes="(max-width: 2790px) 100vw, 2790px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-002-lin-Maya-Lin064.jpg 2790w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-002-lin-Maya-Lin064-380x236.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-002-lin-Maya-Lin064-760x472.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-002-lin-Maya-Lin064.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-13091" class="wp-caption-text">21-year-old Yale architecture student Maya Lin with her design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, May 6, 1981.</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">As a 21-year-old architecture student at Yale, Lin designed the Vietnam Veterans Memorial as a class project, then entered it in the largest design competition in American history. Her striking proposal, a V-shaped wall of black stone, etched with the names of 58,000 dead soldiers, beat out the submissions of 1,420 other entrants. She encountered ferocious criticism when her unconventional design was selected. Feelings were running so high that her name was not even mentioned at the dedication of the memorial in 1982. She coped with the painful controversy by returning to Yale as a graduate student. Her inspiring vision has since become the most-visited memorial in the nation’s capital. The families of the fallen leave mementos at the wall, and veterans maintain a constant vigil there.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_13792" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-13792" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-13792 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-051-lin-GettyImages-145339665-2.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-13792 size-full lazyload" alt="Maya Lin, architect of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial stands during the dedication on November 13, 1982. A large crowd of friends and relatives of those who served attended the dedication. (Photo by Harry Naltchayan/The Washington Post via Getty Images)" width="2280" height="1711" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-051-lin-GettyImages-145339665-2.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-051-lin-GettyImages-145339665-2-380x285.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-051-lin-GettyImages-145339665-2-760x570.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-051-lin-GettyImages-145339665-2.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-13792" class="wp-caption-text">Maya Lin, architect of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, stands during the dedication on November 13, 1982. A large crowd of friends and relatives of those who served attended the dedication. (Harry Naltchayan and Getty Images)</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">In the first years after leaving Yale, Maya Lin created a dozen other major works across the nation, including the Peace Chapel at Pennsylvania’s Juniata College, the “Women’s Table” at Yale, and the Langston Hughes Library for the Children’s Defense Fund in Clinton, Tennessee. Her Civil Rights memorial in Montgomery, Alabama displays inscriptions on a disc of black stone beneath a thin layer of moving water. “The Wave Field” at the University of Michigan College of Engineering is a pure earth sculpture, made entirely of soil covered with grass, undulating in waves six feet high. Lin also executed architectural projects for the Rockefeller Foundation, the new Federal Courthouse in Manhattan, and the Asian Pacific American Studies Institute at New York University. Her life and work were detailed in the Academy Award-winning documentary film of 1995, <i>Maya Lin: A Strong Clear Vision.</i></span></p> <figure id="attachment_13097" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-13097" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-13097 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-040-lin-MAYA-LIN-GettyImages-78122209.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-13097 size-full lazyload" alt="Portrait of Maya Ying Lin who designed the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington D.C., January 1985. (Photo by James P. Blair/National Geographic/Getty Images)" width="2280" height="1534" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-040-lin-MAYA-LIN-GettyImages-78122209.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-040-lin-MAYA-LIN-GettyImages-78122209-380x256.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-040-lin-MAYA-LIN-GettyImages-78122209-760x511.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-040-lin-MAYA-LIN-GettyImages-78122209.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-13097" class="wp-caption-text">Portrait of Maya Ying Lin, who designed the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington D.C., January 1985. (Getty)</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">In 2000, Lin published her first book, <i>Boundaries. </i>She described it as a “visual and verbal sketchbook, where image can be seen as text, and text is sometimes used as image.” The same year, she began work on the Confluence Project, a series of seven outdoor installations at points of historic interest along 300 miles of the Columbia and Snake Rivers in the State of Washington. A collaboration with other artists, architects, landscape designers and the native tribes of the Pacific Northwest, it is the largest undertaking of her career.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_13787" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-13787" style="width: 2048px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-13787 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-005-lin-1.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-13787 size-full lazyload" alt="Civil Rights Memorial in Montgomery, Alabama. Maya Lin, creator of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, was commissioned to design the monument. Lin found her inspiration in the words “until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream,” a paraphrase from the Book of Amos that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. used in his “I Have a Dream” speech and at the start of the Montgomery bus boycott. “The minute I hit that quote I knew that the whole piece had to be about water,” Maya Lin said. “I realized that I wanted to create a time line: a chronological listing of the Movement’s major events and its individual deaths, which together would show how people’s lives influenced history and how their deaths made things better.”" width="2048" height="1535" data-sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-005-lin-1.jpg 2048w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-005-lin-1-380x285.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-005-lin-1-760x570.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-005-lin-1.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-13787" class="wp-caption-text">Civil Rights Memorial in Montgomery, Alabama. Maya Lin designed the monument. Lin found her inspiration in the words “until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream,” a paraphrase from the Book of Amos that Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. used in his “I Have a Dream” speech and at the start of the Montgomery bus boycott. “The minute I hit that quote I knew that the whole piece had to be about water,” Maya Lin said. “I realized that I wanted to create a timeline: a chronological listing of the Movement’s major events and its individual deaths, which together would show how people’s lives influenced our history and how their deaths made things better.”</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Over the last decade, Maya Lin has pursued simultaneous careers as artist and architect, creating large-scale site-specific installations and intimate studio artworks, as well as architectural works and memorials. Among her significant works as an architect over the last decade are the Sculpture Center in Long Island City, the Manhattanville Sanctuary and Environmental Learning Lab, and the Museum of the Chinese in America in New York City, as well as a number of innovative private residences, notably the Box House in Telluride, Colorado.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_13093" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-13093" style="width: 1280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-13093 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-018-lin-wavefield.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-13093 size-full lazyload" alt="<i>Wave Field</i>, Maya Lin, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1995. (Tim Thayer)" width="1280" height="754" data-sizes="(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-018-lin-wavefield.jpg 1280w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-018-lin-wavefield-380x224.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-018-lin-wavefield-760x448.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-018-lin-wavefield.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-13093" class="wp-caption-text"><i>Wave Field</i>, Maya Lin, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1995. A pure earth sculpture occupying a square space of 90′ x 90′ and representing a naturally occurring wave pattern, Maya Lin described it as “. . . pure poetry. It is a very gentle space that exists on a very human scale. It is a sanctuary, yet it’s playful, and with the changing shadows of the sun, it is completely transformed all throughout the day. The<em> Wave Field</em> expresses my desire to completely integrate a work with its site, revealing the connectedness of art to landscape, or landscape as art.” (Tim Thayer)</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Her studio artwork has been exhibited in museums around the world. Distinguished works on permanent display include “Pin River — Yangtze” at the American Embassy in Beijing, China, and “Where the Land Meets the Sea” at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. “Systematic Landscapes,” an installation that brings the experience of her large outdoor works into the gallery space, has been exhibited in New York and Seattle. Her recent outdoor works include “Input” at Ohio University, a park that resembles an old-fashioned computer punch card when seen from the air. </span></p> <figure id="attachment_50858" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-50858" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-50858 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206im_/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-2280-Maya-Lin-Ed-Lewis-2000-Summit-Scottsdale-AZ.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-50858 size-full lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="1809" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-2280-Maya-Lin-Ed-Lewis-2000-Summit-Scottsdale-AZ.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-2280-Maya-Lin-Ed-Lewis-2000-Summit-Scottsdale-AZ-380x302.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-2280-Maya-Lin-Ed-Lewis-2000-Summit-Scottsdale-AZ-760x603.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-2280-Maya-Lin-Ed-Lewis-2000-Summit-Scottsdale-AZ.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-50858" class="wp-caption-text">2000: Maya Lin and Edward Lewis, Academy guest of honor and Co-Founder and Publisher of <em>Essence</em> magazine, during the American Academy of Achievement’s Banquet of the Golden Plate ceremonies in Scottsdale, Arizona.</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">In the first decade of the 21st century, Lin created monumental sculptures, such as “Above and Below,” at the Indianapolis Museum of Art, and “2×4 Landscape,” at the M.H. de Young Museum in San Francisco. “Silver River,” on display at the MGM Mirage City Center in Las Vegas, is an 84-foot piece of reclaimed silver, cast in the form of the Colorado River.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_13094" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-13094" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-13094 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-020-lin-boundaries-book-maya-lin.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-13094 size-full lazyload" alt="Boundaries by Maya Lin" width="2280" height="2893" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-020-lin-boundaries-book-maya-lin.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-020-lin-boundaries-book-maya-lin-299x380.jpg 299w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-020-lin-boundaries-book-maya-lin-599x760.jpg 599w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-020-lin-boundaries-book-maya-lin.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-13094" class="wp-caption-text"><i>Boundaries</i> by Maya Lin. A visual and verbal sketchbook and a unique view into her artwork and her philosophy.</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">As both artist and architect, her work has long reflected a strong interest in the environment. She has served as an advisor on sustainable energy use, and as a board member of the National Resources Defense Council. She was also a member of the jury that selected the design of the World Trade Center Site Memorial. </span></p> <figure id="attachment_13098" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-13098" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-13098 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-041-lin-maya_lin-8182.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-13098 size-full lazyload" alt="Maya Lin, 2 x 4 Landscape, 2006, SFI certified wood 2 x 4s, 10’ x 53’4” x 35’, © Maya Lin Studio (Nicholas Travaglini)" width="2280" height="1629" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-041-lin-maya_lin-8182.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-041-lin-maya_lin-8182-380x272.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-041-lin-maya_lin-8182-760x543.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-041-lin-maya_lin-8182.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-13098" class="wp-caption-text">Maya Lin, <em>2×4</em> <i>Landscape</i>, 2006, SFI certified wood 2x4s, 10’ x 53’4” x 35’, (© Maya Lin Studio. Nicholas Travaglini)</figcaption></figure> <p>Her multi-sited work, “What Is Missing,” encompasses a book, an online presence, and<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>installations at multiple scientific institutions. An investigation of habitat loss and the biodiversity crisis, “What Is Missing” debuted in 2009 with a sound and media sculpture installation at the California Academy of Sciences.<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>This radical reinvention of the memorial concept will be Maya Lin’s final work in the memorial genre.</p> <figure id="attachment_32496" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-32496" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-32496 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/wp-lin.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-32496 size-full lazyload" alt="November 22, 2016: President Barack Obama awards Maya Lin the Presidential Medal of Freedom during a ceremony in the East Room of the White House in Washington, D.C." width="2280" height="1710" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/wp-lin.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/wp-lin-380x285.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/wp-lin-760x570.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/wp-lin.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-32496" class="wp-caption-text">November 22, 2016: President Barack Obama presents Maya Lin with the Presidential Medal of Freedom during a ceremony in the East Room of the White House in Washington, D.C. The presidential awards citation read, in part, “boldly challenging our understanding of the world, Maya Lin’s designs have brought people of all walks of life together in spirit of remembrance, introspection, and humility. Her pieces have changed the landscape of our country and influenced the dialogue of our society — never more profoundly than with her tribute to Americans who fell in Vietnam by cutting a wound into the Earth to create a sacred place of healing in our Nation’s capital.”</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">In 2009, his first year in office, President Barack Obama awarded Maya Lin the National Medal of Arts.  In his last year in office, 2016, the president recognized Maya Lin’s achievements with the nation’s highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom.  </span>Maya Lin and her husband, photography dealer Daniel Wolf, live in New York City. They have two children.</p> </body></html> <div class="clearfix"> </div> </article> </div> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="profile" role="tabpanel"> <section class="clearfix"> <header class="editorial-article__header"> <figure class="text-xs-center"> <img class="inductee-badge" src="/web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/inducted-badge@2x.png" alt="Inducted Badge" width="120" height="120"/> <figcaption class="serif-3 text-brand-primary"> Inducted in 2000 </figcaption> </figure> </header> <div class="row"> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar"> <dl class="clearfix m-b-0"> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Career</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> <div><a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/#filter=.artist-and-architect">Artist and Architect</a></div> </dd> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Birth</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> October 5, 1959 </dd> </div> </dl> </aside> <article class="col-md-8 editorial-article clearfix"> <p class="inputTextFirst">“In all my work I have tried to create works that present you with information allowing you the chance to come to your own conclusions; they ask you to think.”</p> <p class="inputText">From the moment she entered the national spotlight with her design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Maya Lin has been proposing ways of thinking and imagining that resist categories, genres and borders. She has pursued not one, but two parallel careers as artist and architect, both of which have won her international acclaim.</p> <p class="inputText">Since the early 1980s, she has produced a body of work that led <i>Time</i> magazine to name her one of its “50 for the Future.” Her art has been exhibited around the world, and her architecture has been applauded by the leading critics of our times. A film study of her work, <i>Maya Lin: A Strong Clear Vision, </i>won the Academy Award for Best Documentary.</p> <p class="inputText">Her work has profoundly changed the way we experience things, creating works that have touched us in a manner unprecedented in contemporary art.</p> </article> </div> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="interview" role="tabpanel"> <section class="clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 interview-feature-video"> <figure> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/ja1XtYoO9Ws?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&start=0&end=3767&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_15_34_05.Still002-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_15_34_05.Still002-760x428.jpg"></div> <div class="video-tag sans-4"> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> <div class="video-tag__text">Watch full interview</div> </div> </div> </figure> </div> <header class="col-md-12 text-xs-center m-b-2"> <i class="icon-icon_bio text-brand-primary"></i> </header> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar"> <h2 class="serif-3 achiever--biography-subtitle">Presidential Medal of Freedom</h2> <div class="sans-2">Scottsdale, Arizona</div> <div class="sans-2">June 16, 2000</div> </aside> <article class="editorial-article col-md-8">   <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p><strong>We understand your design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial grew out of your senior project at Yale. Can you tell us how that came about?</strong></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Maya Lin: For a senior project in architecture school, you had a choice. You could go off on your own or create a senior seminar with a bunch of other students. I decided to work with a group of students, and what we really wanted to study was funereal architecture.</span></p> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/aWVhWjyAN1c?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&start=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_55_03_06.Still020-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_55_03_06.Still020-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/keys-to-success/preparation/">Preparation</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">I had spent my junior year abroad in Denmark, and in an architecture studies program, different school. Yale doesn’t have a junior year abroad. In fact, you have to tell them that you’re going abroad to study something they don’t teach, which is, they didn’t teach Danish, so I could — because I love going into a culture, if I like the architecture. And I love Scandinavian design. So boom, I went to Denmark. And one of the very first projects, we were all given different segments of Copenhagen to study. I was given this area called Norbrow, which included this enormous park, probably half the size of Central Park, that was also a cemetery. Because in Europe spaces are so tight that you, you have multiple uses. So your cemeteries are habitable, I mean, they’re parks. People are walking through, people are strolling through. And I think it was very interesting. And then, as I went through Europe that summer, I went to Père Lachaise in France. And it was just one of those things. So when I came back to Yale — I don’t know how this conversation came up, but we all — there were a few of us that thought a course as our senior seminar that focused on the architecture of death essentially would be really interesting. And what does that mean? It’s like, God, at the time the reporters had a heyday with it. It’s like morbid curiosity. It’s more like how humanity deals with mortality in the built form.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/g2Szdbw2qdc?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&start=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_55_03_06.Still020-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_55_03_06.Still020-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">In the course of that semester, someone saw a bulletin for a competition for the Vietnam Veteran’s Memorial. And we thought, “What a great idea! We’ll use that as our final project.” So I designed what I thought was the right solution for a course. And we had barely been given any information. Someone wrote away for the program book later on and read through it. But in a way, I think when you’re doing something in architecture school, you’re doing it for yourself. And I did it. And it wasn’t until the next semester, which was my final, my spring semester, that I decided to enter it into the actual competition as an exercise.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/9OCkp0ahWCw?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&start=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_25_41_24.Still012-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_25_41_24.Still012-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">As a student, competitions are how you were — they’re what you do as a good exercise. And the only clue that I had to what I had made was that for the final clip you invite visiting architects to critique your work and then you get up and you present. So I presented my piece. And then over that Christmas holiday I was visiting a friend’s uncle — my girlfriend — and we went up to see his house in Vermont, a fairly well-known architect, and he was going to give me advice on my senior portfolio so I could get out and look for a summer job. And he’s looking through, and then he stops and he starts telling me — because as he gets to the sketches for the Vietnam (I had included them in the portfolio), he starts telling me about this design for the Vietnam Memorial that he had heard about, and as he starts talking about it, I realize he is telling me about my design. And I’m realizing, I should enter this because I think it’s an important thing to say. It’s not going to win. And I entered it.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><figure id="attachment_17517" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-17517" style="width: 2872px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-17517 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/wp-lin-GettyImages-78122210.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-17517 size-full lazyload" alt="An original sketch by 21-year-old Yale architecture student Maya Ying Lin of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. Maya Lin recalls the moment of her submission in 1980 for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial: "The competition required drawings, along with the option to include a written description. As the deadline for the submission approached, I created a series of simple drawings. The drawings were in soft pastels, very mysterious, very painterly, and not at all typical of architectural drawings. One of the comments made by a juror was 'He must really know what he is doing to dare to do something so naive.'" (Photo by Victor R. Boswell/National Geographic)" width="2872" height="2280" data-sizes="(max-width: 2872px) 100vw, 2872px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/wp-lin-GettyImages-78122210.jpg 2872w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/wp-lin-GettyImages-78122210-380x302.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/wp-lin-GettyImages-78122210-760x603.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/wp-lin-GettyImages-78122210.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-17517" class="wp-caption-text">An original sketch by 21-year-old Yale architecture student Maya Ying Lin of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. Maya Lin recalls the moment of her submission in 1980 for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial: “The competition required drawings, along with the option to include a written description. As the deadline for the submission approached, I created a series of simple drawings. The drawings were in soft pastels, very mysterious, very painterly, and not at all typical of architectural drawings. One of the comments made by a juror was ‘He must really know what he is doing to dare to do something so naive.'” (Photo by Victor R. Boswell/National Geographic)</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>What inspired the design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial?</b></span></p> </body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/HSF8vvcSM94?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&start=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_21_57_04.Still008-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_21_57_04.Still008-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">Maya Lin: Probably fundamentally — a previous design had been a memorial to World War III. And I started studying what the nature of a monument is and what a monument should be. And I designed — for the World War III memorial I designed a futile, almost terrifying passage that ends nowhere. And the professor of the class was extremely disturbed and comes up to me afterward and says, “If I had a brother that died in that war, I would never want to visit the memorial.” And I looked at him and I said, “Andy, this is World War III, we’re not going to be around. Don’t you get it?” I mean he just didn’t get it. So every memorial in its time has a different goal.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/6xZ7SX7u9SQ?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&start=0&end=70&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_52_50_14.Still019-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_52_50_14.Still019-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/keys-to-success/integrity/">Integrity</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">For me what the Vietnam memorial had to be was about honesty, about dealing up front with individual loss. You know, it turns out it was also a requirement by the veterans to list the 57,000 names. Now, you’ve got ask again, this is probably the first time where the group of veterans have requested it. We’re reaching a time in — it’s almost a modern time — that we’ll acknowledge the individual in a war on a national level, rather than what has happened in previous wars throughout history was always a political statement by the winning leader about the victory. The foot soldier didn’t count, except in World War I memorials which I had studied and realized — The effect they had, they were so moving, was because they focused on individual loss. But I think that is the definition of a modern approach to war, the acknowledgement of individual lives lost.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><figure id="attachment_17591" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-17591" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-17591 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2-wp-Vietnam-Essay.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-17591 size-full lazyload" alt="Maya Lin's original competition submission for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. included architectural drawings and a one page written summary. A copy of the original document that she submitted is pictured above. Maya Lin recalls: "The competition required drawings along with the option to include a written description...I kept reworking and reediting the final description. I actually never quite finished it. I ended up at the last minute writing freehand directly onto the presentation board, and then I sent the presentation in, never expecting to hear about it again. But ultimately I think it was the written description that convinced the jurors to select my design."" width="2280" height="3080" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2-wp-Vietnam-Essay.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2-wp-Vietnam-Essay-281x380.jpg 281w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2-wp-Vietnam-Essay-563x760.jpg 563w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2-wp-Vietnam-Essay.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-17591" class="wp-caption-text">Maya Lin’s original competition submission for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial included architectural drawings and a one-page written summary. A copy of the original document that she submitted is pictured above. Maya Lin recalls: “The competition required drawings along with the option to include a written description…I kept reworking and reediting the final description. I actually never quite finished it. I ended up at the last minute writing freehand directly onto the presentation board, and then I sent the presentation in, never expecting to hear about it again. But ultimately I think it was the written description that convinced the jurors to select my design.”</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>You didn’t just sit down and have some vision spring forth from the inner recesses of your mind. How did you reach the point where you could start?</b></span></p> <p class="p2"><span class="s2">Maya Lin: In anything I’ve done, what I will do is resist picking up a pen, except to write, for as long as I can. And what I want to do is try to understand what I want to do as an idea. There’s a book coming out in the fall, it’s my first book where, again, it’s as much a written book as an art book. And I say in there…</span></p> </body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/CV3BkRBEkkI?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&start=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_25_41_24.Still012-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_25_41_24.Still012-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/keys-to-success/preparation/">Preparation</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">I try to think of a work as an idea without a shape. If I find the shape too soon — especially for the memorials, which have a function — then I might be predetermining a form and then stuffing the function into the form. Instead, what I try to do is — for two to three months — read, research, understand anything about the site. And I don’t just mean the physical site. I mean the cultural site, the historical site, who’s coming, what the needs are, what I think needs to be done.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/Nli9y-arseo?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&start=0&end=83&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_24_39_19.Still010-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_24_39_19.Still010-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">The most important thing I thought was the acknowledgement of a loss. </span>We have to face it. If we can’t face death, then we’ll never overcome it. So as opposed to pretending it never happened, you have to look it straight in the eye. Then you can turn around and walk back out into the light. So I wanted something that would be honest about the war, not say anything political. Now, I deliberately did not read anything about the Vietnam War because I made a judgment, which is very different from civil rights, because I read everything I could on the civil rights era. With the Vietnam War I really felt the politics of the war eclipsed what happened to the veterans. The politics were irrelevant to what this memorial was. That I had to make any political statement. I needed to, because there were people on that wall who were for it. There were people on that wall who were against it. I wanted to offend neither of them. That was a huge goal. So I deliberately did not want to know anything about the politics behind the war.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><figure id="attachment_13101" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-13101" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-13101 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-045-lin-GettyImages-77746860.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-13101 size-full lazyload" alt="The names of 57,000 Americans who died in the Vietnam War are listed on the wall of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in the order in which they fell." width="2280" height="1520" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-045-lin-GettyImages-77746860.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-045-lin-GettyImages-77746860-380x253.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-045-lin-GettyImages-77746860-760x507.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-045-lin-GettyImages-77746860.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-13101" class="wp-caption-text">The names of 57,000 Americans who died in Vietnam War are listed on the wall of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">So here’s this two- to three-month verbal process. The earlier design for a World War III monument allowed me to research memorials, the history of memorials, what they should be. Then I visit the site. So you put all that analytic science away and allow the art side to come out. And yes, then I just “lay an egg” is the joke. Why an egg? Because an egg is an idea. It comes out fairly fully formed. I don’t work it and work it and work it.</span></p> </body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/4xHt_IKwYpI?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&start=0&end=38&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_16_56_08.Still004-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lin-Maya-2000-MasterEdit.00_16_56_08.Still004-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/keys-to-success/vision/">Vision</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">The idea is there. It happens overnight sometimes. It happens when I’m at a site sometimes. I know it right away. And I knew it when I saw the site. I wanted to cut it open and open up the earth and polish the earth’s edges. Then came the embellishment of the names having to be chronological, which had to be key. And it turns out a lot of my works deal with a passage, which is about time. Because I don’t see anything that I do as a static object in space. It has to exist as a journey in time. So time plays out in a lot of my works.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><figure id="attachment_17582" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-17582" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-17582 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-Academy_604.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-17582 size-full lazyload" alt="The Academy's student delegates and members pay a twilight visit to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial during the 2012 International Achievement Summit in Washington, D.C." width="2280" height="1520" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-Academy_604.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-Academy_604-380x253.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235206im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-Academy_604-760x507.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235206/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-Academy_604.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-17582" class="wp-caption-text">Academy delegates on a twilight visit to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial during the 2012 Achievement Summit.</figcaption></figure> </body></html> </div>    <aside class="collapse" id="full-interview">    <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">That, in a nutshell, is that design.</span></p> <p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>It’s notable for its simplicity. Is less more?</b></span></p> <p class="p3"><span class="s2">Maya Lin: In that case, yes. For the way I work, absolutely. My goal is to strip things down, not so that they become inhuman but so that you need just the right amount of words or shape to convey what you need to convey. I like editing. I like it very tight.</span></p> <p><strong>So your design for the Vietnam War Memorial was accepted, and then all hell broke loose?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: Not right away. It took nine months. Hell was breaking loose; I just wasn’t aware it was breaking. It didn’t even occur to me that it was a big deal. I had studied how competitions are handled in Washington. For the most part things never get built the way they were drawn. It is a small miracle that the memorial looks exactly the way it was designed.</p> <p>You have to go through five governmental agencies two times for review. That’s normally where architectural projects get extremely modified, to put it kindly. I was amazed. Kent Cooper (of Cooper, Lecky, the architects of record) came up to me before my first meeting and he said, “Now be prepared. These people are going to be pretty tough on you.” I get in there and right away this tough architect on the Fine Arts Commission leans over and says, “Maya, is this what you want? Are you sure this is what you want? They haven’t done anything to change it.” These people are so nice! Everyone was so nice within these five legal correct channels. In fact, technically, if you look at it, there should have been no problem. The controversy was completely extra. President Reagan, Secretary of the Interior Watt, H. Ross Perot, all kind of got together and decided the design wasn’t right.</p> <p>Secretary Watt withheld ground breaking until a technical compromise was met. By that time the Secretary of Interior was only supposed to check to see if the funding was in place, which it was. But Washington is political and full of compromises. So it was decided the three statues would be what was necessary. Now you have to understand, the walls are only 10 feet high, and they were proposing 14 foot-high statues that would go right at the apex. So we fought like hell, and the Fine Arts Commission was instrumental. We all knew a compromise had to be meted out. But exactly where was that compromise?</p> <p><strong>How difficult was it for you? You were only 21.</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: It was difficult.</p> <p><strong>Suddenly all of this controversy was stirred up. They don’t even mention your name at the dedication ceremony. What hurt you most about that experience and the veterans’ reaction to the memorial?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: I completely understood why there was such a strong opposition to it. What a lot of people didn’t realize was that there was a requirement that all the names be listed. Ironically, that was something the veterans chose.</p> <p>Now politically, deep down under you have two camps. And basically in American memorial art/architecture, the camp has always been the latter. It’s a little bit of denial: “I don’t want to see the dead. I don’t want to acknowledge that, because it’s too painful. I want the parade. I want the happy. I want the exalted.” And I think it was a very modern notion in a national capital to list all the names. That’s what was very controversial. Okay, it was black, it was below grade, I was female, Asian American, young, too young to have served. Or even the way I would talk, “Oh, I didn’t know much about the war. ” It was sort of like, “You have to be that person in order to understand those needs.” And I think none of the opposition in that sense hurt me. There were a couple of things that did hurt. I think the artist who did the three statues… as an artist to another artist, I didn’t understand that.</p> <p><strong>What did you take away from that experience? What did you learn from it?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: I probably went in there with more of an egomaniacal young artist confidence. And I actually became a little mellower. When you’re young you’re so idealistic and you’re so headstrong, or at least I was. I probably decided, “People are going to think I’m so egomaniacal because of the Vietnam Memorial,” that I tried to be a little bit more humble. My friends say I’m not at all more humble, so I don’t know.</p> <p>As far as what I took away from it, at a certain point nobody would touch me with a ten foot pole. There were my lawyers, and there was one writer, a person who used to own <em>The New Republic, </em>who came to my support at one of the Senate hearings. No one else would touch me. I tried Yale connections.</p> <p>I tried anything to try to protect the design. The AIA was wonderful, you know, the arts groups were. But you know, I was sort of like untouchable because everyone didn’t quite know how people would react to it. And then, a year later, when like the millionth visitor came to it, everybody wanted to say hello, that sort of thing. And I was a little jaded. My attitude is: I’m glad it’s a success. I’m glad people really are moved by it, that was its goal. But you do these things because you personally believe in it. And it was lonely. I mean, it was lonely being in this one testifying room where everyone else was on the other side looking at me like I was trying to deliberately hurt them.</p> <p><strong>It requires a certain amount of conviction.</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: When you’re young, maybe that’s all you have. You have conviction. That’s valuable. Then you get experience and then you have less conviction. Maybe there’s a balance going on.</p> <p><strong>What was your childhood like, growing up in a small town in Ohio as the daughter of Chinese immigrants?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: It’s funny, as you live through something you’re not aware of it. It’s only in hindsight that you realize what indeed your childhood was really like. Growing up, I thought I was white. It didn’t occur to me that I wasn’t white. It probably didn’t occur to me I was Asian-American until I was studying abroad in Denmark actually and there was a little bit of prejudice — racial discrimination — because as I get a suntan I look like a Greenlander. And as the U.S. had a certain prejudice against Native Americans, the Danes had a similar read towards the Greenlanders, and all of a sudden they would be moving away from me on the bus. They wouldn’t sit next to me. There would be these weird comments.</p> <p>Growing up, I think I was very naive about fitting in. In reality, I was not a participant in many school functions. Our home life was very close knit. It was my mother, my father, my brother and me. I never knew my grandparents on either side. When I was very little, we would get letters from China, in Chinese, and they’ be censored. We were a very insular little family. I really didn’t socialize that much. I loved school. I studied like crazy. I was a Class A nerd. My dad was dean of fine arts at the university, and when I wasn’t in school studying, I was taking a lot of independent courses at the university. And if I wasn’t doing that, I was casting bronzes in the school foundry. I was basically using the university as a playground.</p> <p>I didn’t fit in in high school at all. And I don’t know if it was because I was different. I think it was my age. I looked much younger than most of my classmates, and in a way they were really nice to me, but almost as a baby sister. I think as a little girl there was a bit of a China doll sort of syndrome. They were friends and they were friendly, but I didn’t date. I didn’t really even begin to understand. I was really naive. So I studied and I loved getting A’s. I think I had the highest grade point average in my high school. And I loved to study, but I had no extracurricular activities. My activities were absolutely isolated. I would make anything artistic at home. And I think creativity and my artistic drive emanates from that childhood. In a way I didn’t have anyone to play with so I made up my own world.</p> <p><strong>Were you the oldest or the youngest?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: I’m the youngest. I have one older brother.</p> <p><strong>How did that affect you? Did it matter?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: Always tried to impress the older sibling. What does the older sibling do? Always try to humiliate the younger sibling. We had a very healthy sibling rivalry and fought a lot, and are best friends. We’re very different and yet we’re very close, in fact we collaborated on an art work of mine. He’s an English professor and a poet. We did a piece for the Cleveland Public Library called “Reading A Garden.” The centerpiece is a pool of water, and the title of the piece, “Reading A Garden” is spelled backwards but reflects forward in the water, which clues you in that this is a poetry garden. It’s a poem laid out three dimensionally. It’s all about words and the directionality and weight of reading. So we didn’t fight the whole time. Collaborating on a work of art — when you have two artists — is very tricky. It took us 30 or 40 years to get to that point!</p> <p><strong>Do you think your experience in school was a social circumstance or do you think you were really different? Even in high school you were a kind of super achiever, taking college courses.</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: I had very few friends. I think my brother had a few more friends than me, but we stayed close to home, and I think we always ate dinner with our parents. We didn’t want to go out. I think the whole American adolescence was a lot wilder than I would have felt comfortable with. We stayed very close to home. I think it wasn’t just me. I think that’s Chinese.</p> <p>We weren’t going to the proms or going to the football games, or doing anything of that nature at all. I don’t think I ever went to a football game, which at Athens High School was, you know, the Bulldogs were the Bulldogs! So there was a part of me that was like, “Oh, how many days do I have before I can get out of this town?” I mean, at one hand, you had a university there, so I could sneak out and take courses. But at the other hand, it’s Athens High, and it was tough to fit in, and I was aware of that by the time I hit my senior year. I basically was taking almost all of my courses independent study, and taking many of my courses at the university, and counting the days, ’cause I knew I didn’t quite fit in at that point and I was desperate to kind of get out of there, and you know, it was almost more instinct.</p> <p><strong>How do you think that experience affected you?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: I probably have fundamentally antisocial tendencies, let’s face it. I never took one extracurricular activity. I just failed utterly at that level. Part of me still rebels against that. You couldn’t put me in a social group setting. It’s different with a group of friends, but as far as clubs go — I’m probably a terrible anarchist deep down. My parents are both college professors, and it made me want to question authority, question standards and traditions.</p> <p><strong>How did your parents influence you?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: We were unusually brought up in that there was no gender differentiation. I was lucky as a girl to never ever be thought of as any less than my brother. The only thing that mattered was what you were to do in life, and it wasn’t about money. It was about teaching, or learning. There was a very strong emphasis on academic study within the family, especially on my mother’s side. I loved school, and all I wanted to do was keep going to school.</p> <p>I think I went through withdrawal when I got out of graduate school. All my friends were going, “Phew, aren’t we glad it’s over?” but my whole world has been a college environment. I really respect people that focus their energies on education, on learning for the sake of learning. As a child, I was never told I couldn’t do something because I happen to be a girl. It’s what you learn up here, what you think up here. That’s all that counts —nothing else really matters.</p> <p><strong>How much of your family’s history were you aware of?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: Not much. I think it happened with the first generation of a certain era. If you talk to Asian Americans now, they’re probably brought up bilingual. Back then, our parents decided not to teach us Chinese. Now they’ll say that we weren’t interested, but I think part of it was they wanted us to fit in. It was an era when they felt we would be better off if we didn’t have that complication. Ten years later, it had already switched. Now you want both cultures when you’re very young. I think 30 years ago, it was more like, “Oh, let’s make you comfortable in your new climate.</p> <p>I’ll say, “Oh, you didn’t tell us much about your family history,” and my mother will say, “Oh, you never asked.” And I think in that is a key. I would probably venture to guess that they didn’t speak much about it because, in a way, it might have been painful for them because they had to leave all their family, all their friends. And because they weren’t going to be offering it up, we didn’t ask. And I think it actually got me into a lot of trouble later on. Like say, for instance, when I was building the Vietnam Memorial, because I never once asked the veterans, any of the group that I was working with, “What was it like in the war?” Because from my point of view, you stay reserved. You don’t pry into other people’s business. They, I think, in turn, were hurt that I didn’t ever seem interested in their lives. I think again, that is very much a part of my upbringing. It’s very hard for me to ask people, unless they offer it.</p> <p>I didn’t find out more about my family’s history until later. There’s a wonderful part my father told me on my 21st birthday, after we were in Washington. There was a party at the Chinese embassy, and my father was going on and on with the Chinese ambassador; they were just talking and talking. And afterwards I said, “What were you talking about”? and he said, “We were talking about my father.” It turns out my grandfather, on my father’s side, helped to draft one of the first constitutions of China. He was a fairly well-known scholar.</p> <p>Then it turns out one of my father’s sisters and her husband were Lin Hui-yin and Liang Si-chen, who are these very well-known architectural historians in China. They actually studied at the University of Pennsylvania, brought modernism back to China and helped design Tienanmen Square. They realized later on that they should be preserving more of the old than the new, but by that time it was too late. They helped bring modernism in, but at the same time they put together a manuscript documenting all the architectural temple styles of ancient China. The manuscript was lost, and then Wilma and John Fairbank found it years later and published it. Wilma Fairbank just published another book on Liang and Lin. They were written about in Jonathan Spencer’s book, <em>The Gate Of Heavenly Peace. </em>I knew nothing about my aunt, who was this architect.</p> <p>On my mother’s side of the family, one of my great-grandmothers was one of the first doctors in the Shanghai region. In fact, as I was having our first child, I had a doctor at New York University, Dr. Livia Huan spelling? who’s from Shanghai, just like my mother. Dr. Huan started speaking to my mother, and it turns out that Dr. Huan’s father, I think, was delivered by one of these two sister doctors in Shanghai — my great-grandmother or her sister. So it’s this very strange world that comes together, and connects, and then disconnects. But I didn’t really ask much about it, growing up.</p> <p><strong>Were you more preoccupied with trying to be American?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: I think I wanted to fit in. I didn’t want to be different. I probably spent the first 20 years of my life wanting to be as American as possible. Through my 20s, and into my 30s, I began to become aware of how so much of my art, and architecture, has a decidedly Eastern character. I think it’s only in the last decade that I’ve really understood how much I am a balance and a mix. There’s a struggle at times. I left science, then I went into art, but I approach things very analytically. There’s the fact that I choose to pursue both art and architecture as completely separate fields rather than merging them. I sometimes think the making of architecture is antithetical to the making of art. Then there’s the East/West split. I think a lot of it is a struggle because I come from two heritages.</p> <p><strong>Does being aware of that make it easier or more difficult to do your work?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: Neither. It might make me feel a little more whole and peaceful after the fact, but it doesn’t really change. The process I go through in the art and the architecture, I actually want it to be almost childlike. It’s almost a percolation process. I don’t want to predetermine who I am, fanatically, in my work, which I think has made my development be — sometimes I think it’s magical. Sometimes I think I’ll never do another piece again. But basically you don’t know who you are. But yet I feel much better as I’ve hit the 40’s, so to speak — it’s sort of frightening to say — that I’m more whole because I understand. I’m more at peace. I’m not fighting it. I was fighting it in my 20’s, really hard. I mean, it was a real — there was an anguish in that. I mean ironically, the work is much more peaceful. All my work is much more peaceful than I am, and maybe the work, in that sense, is trying to find a resolution between what was probably a struggle.</p> <p><strong>Aside from your parents, were there any other people in your life who inspired you or motivated you?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: I would say there were many influential teachers. A funny phrase comes to mind, it’s an awful phrase: teacher’s pet. And yes, I was one of those. The other kids probably hated me. That’s probably why I didn’t have any friends. I really enjoyed hanging out with some of the teachers. I remember this one chemistry teacher, Miss McCallan. I liked making explosives. She liked hanging out. We would stay after school and blow things up.</p> <p>One time I made this incredible powder, flash powder, and I made way too much of it. And I remember I was working out of a crock that must have been this thick — walls. And it exploded! I mean it was bad. It was stupid, stupid, stupid of us. And I couldn’t hear. Like it was loud. It was louder than a rifle report. And the head science teacher comes in, a very serious man, and he’s looking around. And he’s going, ‘What did I just hear?” And we were deaf at that point. We couldn’t hear anything. And we went, “Nothing, nothing. I didn’t hear anything. Did you?” And so what you don’t realize, I think, is that some of your teachers are actually closer in age to you than you think. And so there’s supposed to be this distance, but by the time I was a senior in high school, she was maybe four or five years older than me, maybe a little older. But we had a lot of fun doing that. There were other teachers; both my art teachers were just wonderful throughout. I really enjoyed my whole educational process. And it was fun. That’s what I actually thought was really fun. So yes, there were many influential people.</p> <p><strong>Was there anything you were bad in as a student?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: Gym. I failed. In fact, that was the only teacher, I think, that really disliked me, and I disliked her just as much. We won’t name her. I was really good at track, but anything else in gym, just shoot me. I was the smallest in my class. When I was little you play that stupid game where they pick teams or you would have to break through the line and nobody would want me on their team because I was half the weight of everyone else. There was no way I could break through the line. From that moment on, anything involving gym was like, “Get me out of here.”</p> <p><strong>Were books important to you when you were growing up?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: I read like a demon. If I’m working on an art work, I tend to daydream when I’m reading so I can’t read when I’m working on a few projects. So I would take summer breaks, in between work, and then I would just devour books voraciously. Like one year back from college I think I read nothing but Nietzsche. Another summer was Nabokov.</p> <p><strong>When you were a kid, what books did you read that excited your imagination?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: <em>The Hobbit,</em> the J.R.R Tolkien series, <em>The Narnia Chronicles, </em>anything that was science fiction, or fantasy related. I have the most obscure science fiction/fantasy collection that you could possibly have. <em>The Gormenghast Trilogy </em>by Mervyn Peakes, top that! It was actually really awful, but yes, I read it. I think I had shelves and shelves of this sort of pseudo sci-fi, not hard core sci-fi, but sort of in between science fiction and fantasy. That’s what I pretty much focused on if I wasn’t making something, which I was mostly doing.</p> <p><strong>So how did you feel when you finally left home and went to Yale?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: I was probably the first kid in my high school to go to Yale. And you know, Athens, Ohio, town of 15,000. I applied almost as a lark. I didn’t know where I was going to go to school and I got in, and I was just so happy, and it was really surprising. And then, when I got there, the whole shock of being in a way not as well prepared academically for an Ivy League school and learning that you were the dumbest person in your class, not the smartest. No, it was very, very, intimidating. And it was also funny because my — as I started to really focus on art and architecture, my roommates were appalled. Like one semester I never went to the library. I mean, I was pulling all nighter after all nighter obsessing about this project or that.</p> <p>My brother to this day hasn’t forgiven me that I didn’t take a history course. I always took soft history courses like sociology. I think if I could do it all over again, I really missed out on some great courses. But in art or architecture your project is only done when you say it’s done. So if you want to rip it apart at the eleventh hour and start all over again you never finish. And I was one of those crazy creatures. The saving grace is I still got a fairly solid liberal arts undergraduate education minus the history, which I’m still regretting.</p> <p>I really sometimes question students who have chosen to go into like an architecture school from day one, because I think they’re missing out on the English courses, the science courses, the math courses. If you can afford the time to do graduate and undergraduate, I would broaden your mind in undergrad and then specialize. Because I think for both art and architecture, you have your whole life ahead of you. Don’t think that at age 18 you want to like just focus in on your own personal world. It’s like, open it up for a while. I think it’s invaluable.</p> <p>It’s this whole thing about public school versus private school. It was tough, and yet I wouldn’t have wanted to go anywhere else. A lot of my classmates went through an incredibly rigorous, competitive high school for four years, but by the time they hit sophomore or junior year, they were so tired. I am actually glad I didn’t have any of that. I wasn’t obsessing about my SAT scores or my PSATs. I loved getting straight A’s, but that was more for me. Now I look at the pressure kids go through in high school!</p> <p>You should be having more fun in high school. You should be exploring things because you want to explore them and learning because you love learning, not worrying about the fact that, “Oh, at this private school only three are gonna go to that school.” That’s tough competition. We have two young children, so we’ll have to go through this debate.</p> <p><strong>When did you realize what you wanted to do in life?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: Oh, about five years ago, seriously. I loved animals when I was growing up. I thought I was going to become a veterinarian. Then I sort of switched. In high school I was definitely going to become a field zoologist because I love animals and I love the environment. Half the kids I went to school with would say, “Oh, she’s going into science.” The other half would say, “Oh, she’s going into English”. My mother is a poet and English professor. My dad’s a ceramicist, and a Dean of Fine Arts. I was always making things. But it was always very academic and none of this connected. Even though art was what I did every day, it didn’t even occur to me that I would be an artist.</p> <p>Then I get to Yale and my advisor is a science advisor because I have specified my interest is field zoology and animal behavior. I actually wanted to go out in the field and understand why animals are what they are. It was Dr. Apville, who I still talk to every now and again, and he says, “Yale’s animal behavioral program is probably not what you’re going to approve of.” And I said, “Well, why?” He said it’s neurologically based and that it dealt with vivisection. I didn’t even know what vivisection was, but it basically means dissecting the animals while they’re still alive. I looked at him and I said, “You’re absolutely right. Ethically there’s no way.”</p> <p>Though I was actually tracked pre-med at that time, I thought, “This isn’t going to work.” Then I thought of architecture because I thought it was this perfect combination of art and math, art and science. In high school, two or three of the independent courses I took at the university were teaching myself Fortran, Basic and Cobol.</p> <p>I loved logic, math, computer programming. I loved systems and logic approaches. And so I just figured architecture is this perfect combination. Then it takes me seven years of architecture school to realize that I think like an artist. And even though I build buildings and I pursue my architecture, I pursue it as an artist. I deliberately keep a tiny studio. I will hire firms or cause firms to be hired to work with me. I don’t want to be an architectural firm ever. I want to remain as an artist building either sculptures or architectural works. And in a way what I disliked about architecture was probably the profession. I still am an artist. And basically what does that mean? It’s much more individual. It’s much more about who you are and what you need to make, what you need to say for you. Whether someone’s going to look at it or not, you’re still going to do it.</p> <p><strong>Can you generalize about what you’re striving for in your work? You deal with some very important ideas: women, peace, civil rights, environment.</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: I think there are two things going on. One, because my parents were both educators, I might be making up for all the history courses I didn’t take, through these larger issue subjects. Two, it is a way we can teach the next generations. It’s this need in me to help out, whether I’m doing that or whether I’m volunteering for some environmental organization.</p> <p>The other side of me is solidly pursing art and architecture out of my own drive. Not that the monuments aren’t also part of that aesthetic, but the monuments in general draw on a larger social issue. The art works deal much more specifically with my personal love of landscape, the environment, how we see the land through a microscopic view, a satellite view of the Earth. That’s my art. And there’s been a very strong progression in the last ten years as that’s developed. There’s a show called Topologies that went throughout this country — part of it’s traveling in Europe right now — which deals with a love of nature, naturally occurring phenomenon but seen through a 21st Century lens, the lens of technology. So it’s a landscape art, compared to 19th or18th Century landscape painting. We have a couple of different technological ways of viewing our world. I play off that in my art.</p> <p>I think art is very tricky because it’s what you do for yourself. It’s much harder for me to make those works than, in a way, the monuments or the architecture because those have functions. Architecture, the monuments, it’s a symbolic function, but it’s still you’re solving a problem. The architecture, you’re definitely making art, but it’s surrounded by a problem solving. It’s like math. It’s a puzzle to me. I love figuring out puzzles. The art work, on the other hand, is, “Go into a room and make whatever you want to make.” And it’s very, very hard.</p> <p><strong>What is the role of art in society?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: The role of art in society differs for every artist. I try to give people a different way of looking at their surroundings. It’s making people aware of nuances, changes in depth, height, making you aware of perceptions in a very, very subtle level. Focusing you on a new way of looking at your surroundings, at the land. That’s art to me.</p> <p>I think what makes art valuable is: it is about an individual expressing what they think is a part of them, and variety and difference and clashes is what makes art valuable, that there is no one defining idea of what art is or what it should do. And that’s what makes it art, that it has no rules, that it’s so individualized in that sense. And yet, because we are born and we come from a very specific time, it is a reflection of exactly who we are at this time without ever having to be consciously thought of that way. It just is.</p> <p><strong>Should it provoke? Should it make people think?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: Some art should. Other art might not. Some artists want to confront. Some artists want to invoke thought. Some artists want to please in a different way. They’re all necessary and they’re all valid.</p> <p><strong>If I read correctly, you once said that you don’t want to tell people what to think, you want to present them with information. Can you talk a little bit about that?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: That probably is very eastern. It’s the idea of the well. You take from the well. You offer up information, but you have to let the viewers come away with their own conclusions. If you dictate what they should think, then you’ve lost it. That’s not the goal. I think that is very much an Eastern approach.</p> <p><strong>At this point in your life, what haven’t you done that you would like to do?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: I think I’m very young, architecturally. Because I spend equally as much time in the art, I can only take on one or two architectural projects at any given time. So my career in architecture will take twice as long, maybe three times as long. There’s a project on extinction which I’m starting now, but I’m not in a hurry to do a lot of projects. I am very resolved in each project I take on. In the art work, I have sort of made myself whole, so there’s a sense of arrival. I’m very curious to see where I go next with landscape. The architecture is younger.</p> <p>I’ve had very few free standing projects. And I’m working on one right now, a bakery for the Grayston Foundation. They’re a not for profit group that build housing for the homeless, AIDS hospices. This one bakery in particular hires, at times, people out of prison, but also other people in sort of economically hard neighborhoods. And I am drawn to institutional, not-for profit-museums, educational. I did a library for the Children’s Defense Fund. I’m working on a chapel for them. I’m interested in keeping the balance between the art and the architecture. And I think that is the goal, to keep it up, to build, make more works, see where I go with it, not lose one to the other. I think a lot of the architectural works will deal with being environmentally sensitive, sustainable, using solar passive cooling. They’re very simple, with a warmth isn’t what minimalists are thought to have. There’s a humanness, an intimacy, a real warmth to the simplicity. But again, can I reduce it? Can I keep it to clean-powered all natural materials?</p> <p>One of the key things in the architecture is that I want always to have you feel connected to the landscape so that you don’t think of architecture as this discrete isolating object, but in a way it frames your views of the landscape, which is a very Japanese notion. So that the house is a threshold to nature, or basically begins to explore our relationship to nature. So again, this love of the environment comes back through all the work.</p> <p><strong>What do you say to young men and women who might come to you and ask, “How can I do what you do? How can I become an artist?”</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: You have to work very hard. I don’t know how many days and nights I’ve spent. I think you have to be forever questioning what you’re up to. I think you have to have conviction and at times completely question everything and anything you do. I think you have to understand that no matter how much you study, no matter how much you know, the side of your brain that has the smarts won’t necessarily help you in making art. That’s a frightening notion. Nothing you learn will help you in being creative. In fact, at times it could hurt you if you think too hard. Sometimes you have to stop thinking. Sometimes you shut down completely. Every time you do that, you’re afraid you’ll never start up again. I think that’s true in any creative field. Nothing is ever guaranteed. Nothing is ever a sure thing and all that came before doesn’t predicate what you might do next.</p> <p><strong>Looking ahead at the 21st Century, what do you see as the greatest challenges we face as a society?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: How we are using up our home, how we are living and polluting the planet is frightening. It was evident when I was a child. It’s more evident now. I think we have had a bad habit, as a species, of thinking of ourselves in our separate little pods. And those pods went from being the village, to being the country, to being — you know. And now we have to think in terms of environmental solutions, in terms of a global outlook. If we’re going to be making pesticides illegal in this country, but then shipping those same chemicals down to other countries because they don’t have as strict an environmental law, that is a crime. That’s got to stop. We have to take responsibility and we have to start solving these problems on a global outlook. And yet we have no mechanisms to govern on an international level really. That is what is going to be key.</p> <p>I completely believe in what’s happening with the greenhouse effect and with the ozone layer. Only x percentage of the population are contributing to those pollutants. What happens when the rest of the world modernizes? Can we learn from our mistakes before we make them in another country? Does one country have a right to say that to another country? I think in the next 10, 20 years, if we don’t have a much stronger concern for the environment on a very political level, we’re in trouble. We are in trouble. Yet everyone focuses on the economy or individual prosperity. We have to figure out how we can deal with this.</p> <p><strong>What does the American Dream mean to you?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: To me the American Dream is probably being able to follow your own personal calling. And to be able to do what you want to do is an incredible freedom that we have. It provides for opportunities that you don’t get in that many other countries. I think the American Dream also represents that we have a responsibility to share it, and to not just sort of hoard that freedom, but hopefully share that freedom with other countries and with people within our own country that don’t have that freedom.</p> <p><strong>Does the artist have a responsibility to society?</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: Artists have responsibility to themselves as individuals. It goes back to diversity and variety. Some artists might want their work to be socially focused. Other artists won’t. You need both; otherwise you kill art and we all lose out.</p> <p><strong>Thank you very much.</strong></p> <p>Maya Lin: You’re welcome.</p> </div>  </aside>  <div class="read-more__toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#full-interview"><a href="#" class="sans-4 btn">Read full interview</a></div> </article> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="gallery" role="tabpanel"> <section class="isotope-wrapper">  <header class="toolbar toolbar--gallery bg-white clearfix"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="serif-4">Maya Lin Gallery</div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 text-md-right isotope-toolbar"> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline m-b-0 text-brand-primary sans-4"> <li class="list-inline-item" data-filter=".photo"><i class="icon-icon_camera"></i>19 photos</li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="isotope-gallery isotope-box single-achiever__gallery clearfix"> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-045-lin-GettyImages-77746860.jpg" data-image-caption="The names of 57,000 Americans who died in the Vietnam War are listed on the wall of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in the order in which they fell." data-image-copyright="25th Anniversary Of Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall Commemorated" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-045-lin-GettyImages-77746860-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-045-lin-GettyImages-77746860-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.25" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-043-lin-womens-table-yale.jpg" data-image-caption="Yale University's Sterling Memorial Library, as seen from Maya Lin's sculpture "Women's Table." The sculpture records the number of women enrolled at Yale over its history; female undergraduates were not admitted until 1969. (Creative Commons)" data-image-copyright="lin0-043-lin-womens-table-yale" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-043-lin-womens-table-yale-304x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-043-lin-womens-table-yale-608x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.3427561837456" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-042-lin-NPG-lin.jpg" data-image-caption=""Maya Lin 1.5" by Karin Sander, 3D color scan of the living person, polychrome 3D inkjet print, plaster material, color, pigment ink, scale 1:5, 2014. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; acquired through the generosity of the Academy of Achievement/Wayne and Catherine Reynolds. (© National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.)" data-image-copyright="NPG.2015.15" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-042-lin-NPG-lin-283x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-042-lin-NPG-lin-566x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.71447368421053" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-041-lin-maya_lin-8182.jpg" data-image-caption="Maya Lin's "2x4 Landscape," 2006. SFI certified wood 2x4s, 10’ x 53’4” x 35’. (© Maya Lin Studio. Nicholas Travaglini)" data-image-copyright="lin0-041-lin-maya_lin-8182" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-041-lin-maya_lin-8182-380x272.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-041-lin-maya_lin-8182-760x543.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.67236842105263" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-040-lin-MAYA-LIN-GettyImages-78122209.jpg" data-image-caption="Portrait of Maya Ying Lin, who designed the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington D.C., January 1985. (Photo by James P. Blair/National Geographic/Getty Images)" data-image-copyright="Portrait of Maya Ying Lin who designed the Vietnam Memorial" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-040-lin-MAYA-LIN-GettyImages-78122209-380x256.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-040-lin-MAYA-LIN-GettyImages-78122209-760x511.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.5605749486653" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-031-lin-the-gate-of-heavenly-peace-jonathan-spence-penguin.jpg" data-image-caption=""The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution 1895-1980," by Jonathan D. Spence. 1982, Viking Press. " data-image-copyright="lin0-031-lin-the-gate-of-heavenly-peace-jonathan-spence-penguin" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-031-lin-the-gate-of-heavenly-peace-jonathan-spence-penguin-243x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-031-lin-the-gate-of-heavenly-peace-jonathan-spence-penguin-487x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.2687813021703" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-020-lin-boundaries-book-maya-lin.jpg" data-image-caption=""Boundaries" by Maya Lin" data-image-copyright="Boundaries by Maya Lin" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-020-lin-boundaries-book-maya-lin-299x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-020-lin-boundaries-book-maya-lin-599x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.58947368421053" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-018-lin-wavefield.jpg" data-image-caption=""Wave Field," University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1995. (Tim Thayer)" data-image-copyright="Wave Field University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1995. (Tim Thayer)" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-018-lin-wavefield-380x224.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-018-lin-wavefield-760x448.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.75" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-005-lin.jpg" data-image-caption="Civil Rights Memorial, Montgomery, Alabama. (John O'Hagan, Courtesy of the Southern Poverty Law Center)" data-image-copyright="lin0-005-lin" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-005-lin-380x285.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-005-lin-760x570.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.62105263157895" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-002-lin-Maya-Lin064.jpg" data-image-caption="Maya Lin with her design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, May 6, 1981. (Corbis/Bettmann-UPI)" data-image-copyright="lin0-002-lin-Maya Lin064" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-002-lin-Maya-Lin064-380x236.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-002-lin-Maya-Lin064-760x472.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-050-GettyImages-470973474.jpg" data-image-caption="Artist Maya Lin is photographed for Madame Figaro on September 17, 2013 in New York City. (Photo by Jesse Frohman/Figarophoto/Contour by Getty Images)" data-image-copyright="Maya Lin, Madame Figaro, April 17, 2015" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-050-GettyImages-470973474-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-050-GettyImages-470973474-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.75" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-051-lin-GettyImages-145339665.jpg" data-image-caption="Maya Lin, architect of the Vietnam Memorial, stands during the dedication on November 13, 1982. A large crowd of friends and relatives of those who served attended the dedication. (Photo by Harry Naltchayan/The Washington Post via Getty Images)" data-image-copyright="Maya Lin Vietnam Memorial Dedication" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-051-lin-GettyImages-145339665-380x285.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lin0-051-lin-GettyImages-145339665-760x570.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.79342105263158" title="An original sketch by 21-year-old Yale architecture student Maya Lin of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. Maya Lin recalls the moment of her submission in 1980 for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial: " the competition required drawings, along with the option to include a written description. as the deadline for submission approached, i created a series of simple drawings. the drawings were in soft pastels, very mysterious, very painterly, and not at all typical of architectural drawings. one of the comments made by a juror was 'he must really know what he is doing to dare to do something so naive.'" (photo by victor r. boswell jr. national geographic getty images)" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - An original sketch by 21-year-old Yale architecture student Maya Lin of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. Maya Lin recalls the moment of her submission in 1980 for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial: " the competition required drawings, along with the option to include a written description. as the deadline for submission approached, i created a series of simple drawings. the drawings were in soft pastels, very mysterious, very painterly, and not at all typical of architectural drawings. one of the comments made by a juror was 'he must really know what he is doing to dare to do something so naive.'" (photo by victor r. boswell jr. national geographic getty images)">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/wp-lin-GettyImages-78122210.jpg" data-image-caption="An original sketch by 21-year-old Yale architecture student Maya Lin of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. Maya Lin recalls the moment of her submission in 1980 for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial: "The competition required drawings, along with the option to include a written description. As the deadline for submission approached, I created a series of simple drawings. The drawings were in soft pastels, very mysterious, very painterly, and not at all typical of architectural drawings. One of the comments made by a juror was 'He must really know what he is doing to dare to do something so naive.'" (Photo by Victor R. Boswell Jr./National Geographic/Getty Images)" data-image-copyright="An original sketch by the designer of the Vietnam Veterans M" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/wp-lin-GettyImages-78122210-380x302.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/08/wp-lin-GettyImages-78122210-760x603.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.3309982486865" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/MayaLinsubmission.jpg" data-image-caption="Maya Lin's original competition submission for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. Architectural drawings and a one-page written summary. "The Vietnam Veterans Memorial, originally designed as a student project by Maya Lin at Yale University's School of Architecture in 1981, has become a profound symbol that has served to unify and reconcile a nation sorely divided by a foreign entanglement. Lin envisioned a black granite wall, in the shape of a V, on which the names of the American military dead and missing would be inscribed. The architect hoped that "these names, seemingly infinite in number, [would] convey the sense of overwhelming numbers, while unifying these individuals into a whole." Since its unveiling in 1982, the work — popularly known as "the wall" — has become a point of reference, inspiring a new generation of American memorials. Maya Lin's drawing is one of 1,421 design-competition submissions documented in the Library of Congress as part of the Papers of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund. (Source: Library of Congress, American Treasures exhibit caption, ca. 2005)" data-image-copyright="MayaLinsubmission" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/MayaLinsubmission-286x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/MayaLinsubmission-571x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-Academy_604.jpg" data-image-caption="The Academy's student delegates and members pay a twilight visit to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial during the 2012 International Achievement Summit in Washington, D.C. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="wp-Academy_604" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-Academy_604-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-Academy_604-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.3499111900533" title="Maya Lin's original competition submission for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. included architectural drawings and a one page written summary. Maya Lin recalls: " the competition required drawings along with the option to include a written description. i kept reworking and reediting the final description. i actually never quite finished it. i ended up at the last minute writing freehand directly onto the presentation board, and then i sent the presentation in, never expecting to hear about it again. but ultimately i think it was the written description that convinced the jurors to select my design."" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - Maya Lin's original competition submission for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. included architectural drawings and a one page written summary. Maya Lin recalls: " the competition required drawings along with the option to include a written description. i kept reworking and reediting the final description. i actually never quite finished it. i ended up at the last minute writing freehand directly onto the presentation board, and then i sent the presentation in, never expecting to hear about it again. but ultimately i think it was the written description that convinced the jurors to select my design."">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2-wp-Vietnam-Essay.jpg" data-image-caption="Maya Lin's original competition submission for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. included architectural drawings and a one page written summary. Maya Lin recalls: "The competition required drawings along with the option to include a written description. I kept reworking and reediting the final description. I actually never quite finished it. I ended up at the last minute writing freehand directly onto the presentation board, and then I sent the presentation in, never expecting to hear about it again. But ultimately I think it was the written description that convinced the jurors to select my design."" data-image-copyright="2-wp-Vietnam-Essay" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2-wp-Vietnam-Essay-281x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2-wp-Vietnam-Essay-563x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.75" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/wp-lin.jpg" data-image-caption="November 22, 2016: President Barack Obama awards Maya Lin the Presidential Medal of Freedom during a ceremony in the East Room of the White House in Washington, D.C." data-image-copyright="wp-lin" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/wp-lin-380x285.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/11/wp-lin-760x570.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.75" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-lin-2016-wh.jpg" data-image-caption="November 22, 2016: President Barack Obama embracing Maya Lin after presenting her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom during a ceremony in the East Room of the White House in Washington, D.C." data-image-copyright="wp-lin-2016-wh" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-lin-2016-wh-380x285.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-lin-2016-wh-760x570.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.79342105263158" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-2280-Maya-Lin-Ed-Lewis-2000-Summit-Scottsdale-AZ.jpg" data-image-caption="2000: Maya Lin and Edward Lewis, Academy guest of honor and Co-Founder and Publisher of Essence magazine, during the American Academy of Achievement’s Banquet of the Golden Plate ceremonies in Scottsdale, Arizona." data-image-copyright="wp-2280-Maya Lin - Ed Lewis - 2000 Summit - Scottsdale AZ" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-2280-Maya-Lin-Ed-Lewis-2000-Summit-Scottsdale-AZ-380x302.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wp-2280-Maya-Lin-Ed-Lewis-2000-Summit-Scottsdale-AZ-760x603.jpg"></div>  </figure>    </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <footer class="editorial-article__footer col-md-8 col-md-offset-4"> <div class="editorial-article__next-link sans-3"> <a href="#"><strong>What's next:</strong> <span class="editorial-article__next-link-title">profile</span></a> </div> <ul class="social list-unstyled list-inline ssk-group m-b-0"> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="" class="ssk ssk-facebook" data-gtm-category="social" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Shared Achiever on Facebook"><i class="icon-icon_facebook-circle"></i></a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="" class="ssk ssk-twitter" data-gtm-category="social" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Shared Achiever on Twitter"><i class="icon-icon_twitter-circle"></i></a></li>  <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="" class="ssk ssk-email" data-gtm-category="social" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Shared Achiever via Email"><i class="icon-icon_email-circle"></i></a></li> </ul> <time class="editorial-article__last-updated sans-6">This page last revised on November 14, 2018</time> <div class="sans-4"><a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/how-to-cite" target="_blank">How to cite this page</a></div> </footer> </div> <div class="container interview-related-achievers"> <hr class="m-t-3 m-b-3"/> <footer class="clearfix small-blocks text-xs-center"> <h3 class="m-b-3 serif-3">If you are inspired by this achiever’s story, you might also enjoy:</h3> <div class="centered-blocks"> <div class="isotope-achiever public-service difficulty-with-school ambitious curious " data-year-inducted="2001" data-achiever-name="Brown"> <div class="achiever-block view-grid"> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/carter-j-brown/"> <figure class="ratio-container ratio-container--square bg-black"> <div class="lazyload box achiever-block__image" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/bro1-001-190x190.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/bro1-001-380x380.jpg"></div> <div class="achiever-block__overlay"></div> <figcaption class="text-xs-center achiever-block__text"> <div class="display--table"> <div class="display--table-cell"> <div class="achiever-block__text--center"> <div class="achiever-block__name text-brand-primary">J. 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Gehry</div> <div class="achiever-block__known-as text-white sans-6">Architecture Gold Medal</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-white achiever-block__text--bottom"> <div class="achiever-block__year sans-4">Inducted in <span class="year-inducted">1995</span></div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="centered-blocks"> <div class="isotope-achiever the-arts curious build-or-create-things design-draw pioneer " data-year-inducted="1991" data-achiever-name="Johnson, P"> <div class="achiever-block view-grid"> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/philip-johnson/"> <figure class="ratio-container ratio-container--square bg-black"> <div class="lazyload box achiever-block__image" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/johnson-190x190.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/11/johnson-380x380.jpg"></div> <div class="achiever-block__overlay"></div> <figcaption class="text-xs-center achiever-block__text"> <div class="display--table"> <div class="display--table-cell"> <div class="achiever-block__text--center"> <div class="achiever-block__name text-brand-primary">Philip C. 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Fauci, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/sally-field/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sally Field</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/lord-norman-foster/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lord Norman Foster</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/aretha-franklin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Aretha Franklin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/milton-friedman-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Milton Friedman, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/carlos-fuentes/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Fuentes</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/athol-fugard/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Athol Fugard</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/peter-gabriel/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Peter Gabriel</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/ernest-j-gaines/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ernest J. Gaines</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/william-h-gates-iii/"><span class="achiever-list-name">William H. Gates III</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/leymah-gbowee/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leymah Gbowee</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/frank-gehry/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank O. Gehry</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/murray-gell-mann-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Murray Gell-Mann, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/carlos-ghosn/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Ghosn</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/vince-gill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Vince Gill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/ruth-bader-ginsburg/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/louise-gluck/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Louise Glück</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/whoopi-goldberg/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Whoopi Goldberg</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/jane-goodall/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Jane Goodall</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/doris-kearns-goodwin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Doris Kearns Goodwin, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/mikhail-s-gorbachev/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mikhail S. Gorbachev</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/nadine-gordimer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nadine Gordimer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/stephen-jay-gould/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen Jay Gould, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/carol-greider-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carol W. Greider, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/john-grisham/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Grisham</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/sir-john-gurdon/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir John Gurdon</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/dorothy-hamill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dorothy Hamill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/demis-hassabis-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Demis Hassabis, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/lauryn-hill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lauryn Hill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/sir-edmund-hillary/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Edmund Hillary</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/reid-hoffman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Reid Hoffman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/khaled-hosseini/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Khaled Hosseini, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/ron-howard/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ron Howard</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/john-hume/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Hume</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/louis-ignarro-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Louis Ignarro, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/daniel-inouye/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Daniel K. Inouye</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/jeremy-irons/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jeremy Irons</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/john-irving/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Irving</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/kazuo-ishiguro/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Kazuo Ishiguro</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/sir-peter-jackson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Peter Jackson</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/donald-c-johanson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Donald C. Johanson, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/frank-m-johnson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank M. Johnson, Jr.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/philip-johnson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Philip C. Johnson</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/chuck-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Chuck Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/james-earl-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James Earl Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/quincy-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Quincy Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/beverly-joubert/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Beverly Joubert</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/dereck-joubert/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dereck Joubert</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/paul-kagame/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Paul Kagame</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/thomas-keller-2/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Thomas Keller</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/anthony-m-kennedy/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Anthony M. Kennedy</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/carole-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carole King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/b-b-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">B.B. King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/coretta-scott-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Coretta Scott King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/henry-kissinger-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Henry A. Kissinger, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/willem-j-kolff/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Willem J. Kolff, M.D., Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/wendy-kopp/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wendy Kopp</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/henry-r-kravis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Henry R. Kravis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/nicholas-d-kristof/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nicholas D. Kristof</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/mike-krzyzewski/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mike Krzyzewski</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/ray-kurzwell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ray Kurzweil</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/eric-lander-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Eric S. Lander, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/robert-s-langer-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Robert S. Langer, Sc.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/richard-leakey/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Richard E. Leakey</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/leon-lederman-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leon Lederman, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/robert-lefkowitz-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Robert J. Lefkowitz, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/congressman-john-r-lewis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Congressman John R. Lewis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/maya-lin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Maya Lin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/george-lucas/"><span class="achiever-list-name">George Lucas</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/paul-b-maccready-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Paul B. MacCready, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/norman-mailer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Norman Mailer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/peyton-manning/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Peyton Manning</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/wynton-marsalis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wynton Marsalis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/john-c-mather-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John C. Mather, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/johnny-mathis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Johnny Mathis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/ernst-mayr-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ernst Mayr, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/willie-mays/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Willie Mays</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/frank-mccourt/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank McCourt</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/david-mccullough/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David McCullough</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/audra-mcdonald/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Audra McDonald</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/admiral-william-h-mcraven/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral William H. McRaven, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/w-s-merwin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">W. S. Merwin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/reinhold-messner/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Reinhold Messner</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/james-a-michener/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James A. Michener</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/marvin-minsky-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Marvin Minsky, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/mario-j-molina-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mario J. Molina, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/n-scott-momaday-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">N. Scott Momaday, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/story-musgrave/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Story Musgrave, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/ralph-nader/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ralph Nader</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/peggy-noonan/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Peggy Noonan</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/jessye-norman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jessye Norman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/tommy-norris/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lt. Thomas R. Norris, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/joyce-carol-oates/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Joyce Carol Oates</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/pierre-omidyar/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Pierre Omidyar</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-page/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jimmy Page</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/larry-page/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Larry Page</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/arnold-palmer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Arnold Palmer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/leon-panetta/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leon Panetta</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/rosa-parks/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Rosa Parks</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/suzan-lori-parks/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Suzan-Lori Parks</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/linus-pauling/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Linus C. Pauling, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/shimon-peres/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Shimon Peres</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/itzhak-perlman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Itzhak Perlman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/general-david-petraeus/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General David H. Petraeus, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/sidney-poitier/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sidney Poitier</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/general-colin-l-powell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General Colin L. Powell, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/harold-prince/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Harold Prince</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/venki-ramakrishnan-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Venki Ramakrishnan, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/lord-martin-rees/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lord Martin Rees</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/lloyd-richards/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lloyd Richards</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/sally-ride-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sally K. Ride, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/sonny-rollins/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sonny Rollins</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/anthony-romero/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Anthony D. Romero</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/james-rosenquist/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James Rosenquist</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/pete-rozelle/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Pete Rozelle</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/bill-russell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Bill Russell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/albie-sachs/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Albie Sachs</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/oliver-sacks-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Oliver Sacks, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/jonas-salk-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jonas Salk, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/frederick-sanger-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frederick Sanger, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/george-b-schaller-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">George B. Schaller, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/barry-scheck/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Barry Scheck</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/richard-evans-schultes-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Richard Evans Schultes, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/general-h-norman-schwarzkopf/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/stephen-schwarzman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen A. Schwarzman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/glenn-t-seaborg-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Glenn T. Seaborg, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/neil-sheehan/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Neil Sheehan</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/admiral-alan-shepard-jr/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral Alan B. Shepard, Jr., USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/ellen-johnson-sirleaf/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/carlos-slim/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Slim Helú</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/frederick-w-smith/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frederick W. Smith</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/stephen-sondheim/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen Sondheim</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/sonia-sotomayor/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sonia Sotomayor</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/wole-soyinka/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wole Soyinka</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/esperanza-spalding/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Esperanza Spalding</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/martha-stewart/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Martha Stewart</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/admiral-james-b-stockdale/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral James B. Stockdale, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/hilary-swank/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Hilary Swank</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/amy-tan/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Amy Tan</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/dame-kiri-te-kanawa/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Kiri Te Kanawa</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/edward-teller-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Edward Teller, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/twyla-tharp/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Twyla Tharp</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/wayne-thiebaud/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wayne Thiebaud</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/lt-michael-e-thornton-usn/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lt. Michael E. Thornton, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/clyde-tombaugh/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Clyde Tombaugh</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235206/https://achievement.org/achiever/charles-h-townes-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Charles H. 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