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<li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Grassmere&params=41_44_S_174_10_E_region:NZ_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°44′S</span> <span class="longitude">174°10′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.733°S 174.167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-41.733; 174.167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Grassmere,_New_Zealand&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Grassmere, New Zealand">Lake Grassmere, New Zealand</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the English lake, see <a href="/wiki/Grasmere_(lake)" title="Grasmere (lake)">Grasmere (lake)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lake_Grassmere" title="Special:EditPage/Lake Grassmere">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lake+Grassmere%22">"Lake Grassmere"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lake+Grassmere%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lake+Grassmere%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lake+Grassmere%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lake+Grassmere%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lake+Grassmere%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lagoon in Marlborough Region, South Island</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Lake Grassmere / Kapara Te Hau</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Campbell_sunrise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lake Grassmere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cape_Campbell_sunrise.jpg/264px-Cape_Campbell_sunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cape_Campbell_sunrise.jpg/396px-Cape_Campbell_sunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cape_Campbell_sunrise.jpg/528px-Cape_Campbell_sunrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2984" data-file-height="1964" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Lake Grassmere</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_36c64c94fbb67a5fc3b2d5d4196199ca339dc8b0"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Lake_Grassmere&revid=1256623382&groups=_36c64c94fbb67a5fc3b2d5d4196199ca339dc8b0" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Lake_Grassmere&revid=1256623382&groups=_36c64c94fbb67a5fc3b2d5d4196199ca339dc8b0 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NZ-Marlborough_plain_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Lake Grassmere"><img alt="Location of Lake Grassmere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/NZ-Marlborough_plain_map.png/256px-NZ-Marlborough_plain_map.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/NZ-Marlborough_plain_map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="423" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.112%;left:87.992%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lake Grassmere / Kapara Te Hau"><img alt="Location of Lake Grassmere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/9px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/12px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Lake Grassmere / Kapara Te Hau</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Marlborough Region">Marlborough Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Grassmere&params=41_44_S_174_10_E_region:NZ_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°44′S</span> <span class="longitude">174°10′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.733°S 174.167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-41.733; 174.167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Body_of_water#Waterbody_types" title="Body of water">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">lagoon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Inflow_(hydrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflow (hydrology)"><span title="Primary inflows: rivers, streams, precipitation">Primary inflows</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>none</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th><td class="infobox-data">New Zealand</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">17 km<sup>2</sup> (6.6 sq mi)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lake Grassmere / Kapara Te Hau</b> is a New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Waituna" title="Waituna">waituna-type</a> lagoon in the northeastern <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a>, close to <a href="/wiki/Cook_Strait" title="Cook Strait">Cook Strait</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lake is used for the production of salt. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Grassmere&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lake Grassmere, 25 miles (40 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Blenheim,_New_Zealand" title="Blenheim, New Zealand">Blenheim</a> and 6 miles (10 km) south of the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Awatere_River" title="Awatere River">Awatere River</a>, is a shallow lagoon protected from the open sea by a single barrier beach covered by sand dunes. It is on the north-easterly extension of the Ward depression. </p><p>Covering an area of 17 square kilometres (6.6 sq mi), it has no natural inflow and is prone to strong warm winds. Close to the sea, it also has very high <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a>. </p><p>Because of these geographical characteristics, it is ideal for natural <a href="/wiki/Table_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Table salt">salt</a> extraction. Grassmere has been divided into solar <a href="/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation">evaporation</a> ponds. Seawater is pumped in, and moved between ponds over several months, increasing in salinity with each evaporation period. As salinity increases, <a href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">crystallised</a> salt forms and is extracted. These crystals give the lake a distinctive pink colour. </p><p>Grassmere's area varies between 3,500 and 4,400 acres (14 and 18 km<sup>2</sup>); this maximum is attained only in rare floods. The watershed is small. The climate, with a low average rainfall of 585 millimetres (23.0 in) and prevailing strong and dry north-westerly winds, provides Lake Grassmere with the suitable conditions required for natural economic salt production. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Grassmere&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Grassmere Salt Works (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4<br />(1.47) </td> <td style="background: #C5FFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.3<br />(1.51) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.3<br />(1.82) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.3<br />(1.86) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.3<br />(2.73) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.4<br />(2.38) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.0<br />(2.05) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.7<br />(1.80) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.9<br />(1.57) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.7<br />(1.84) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.6<br />(1.68) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">561.9<br />(22.11) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NIWA<sup id="cite_ref-NIWA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIWA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Grassmere&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a> name for the lake is <b>Kapara Te Hau</b> ("wind-blown lake"). Early whalers on the coast rendered this name “Cobblers' Hole”. </p><p>According to Māori oral tradition, the lake occupies the site of early cultivations. <a href="/wiki/Kupe" title="Kupe">Kupe</a>, the navigator, is said to have poured salt water on these cultivations, thus creating the lake. </p><p>In pre-European times it was used as a ready source of food, as it attracts a wide range of waterfowl. </p><p>In 1832–33, a year after <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Toa" title="Ngāti Toa">Ngāti Toa</a> under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Te_Rauparaha" title="Te Rauparaha">Te Rauparaha</a> had defeated <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kaiapoi" title="Kaiapoi">Kaiapoi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banks_Peninsula" title="Banks Peninsula">Banks Peninsula</a>, Ngāti Toa visited the lake to take moulting ducks. A Ngāi Tahu force, having learned of this impending visit, laid an ambush. Scouts from Te Rauparaha's party found the locality apparently uninhabited and the canoes were driven ashore. On landing, the visitors were taken by surprise and sustained heavy casualties. Te Rauparaha was seized by <a href="/wiki/T%C5%ABhawaiki" title="Tūhawaiki">Tūhawaiki</a>, who was anxious to take him alive. The captive, however, after feigning resignation, was less tightly held. He then slipped out of his flax garment, swam to a canoe and made his escape. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Salt_industry">Salt industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Grassmere&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Salt industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until the 1940s Grassmere's bed was a mud bath in winter and a dustbowl in summer, with the occasional natural deposit of salt. </p><p>The salt industry began in 1943 and now occupies one-third of the suitable lake area of 15 square kilometres (3,800 acres). The 1960 production was 17,000 tons. </p> <ul><li>The total consumption of industrial and domestic salt in New Zealand in 1960 was about 61,000 tons.</li> <li>Maximum expansion could produce 50,000 tons, and many economic by-products can be developed; caustic soda and gypsum are already produced in small quantities.</li> <li>In 2005 Lake Grassmere provided about half of New Zealand's domestic salt requirements.</li></ul> <p>In addition to low rainfall, Grassmere is perfectly suited to solar salt production. </p> <ul><li>The large area of flat land that makes up the lake bed is near the sea so it can draw in salt water, and away from large rivers.</li> <li>High evaporation from sun and wind occurs during summer, and the site has ready access to both sea and rail transport.</li></ul> <p>In the mid 1960s harvests were carried out with a new pattern of crystallising ponds which have special provision for draining off rainwater before it has had time to mix with the brine concentrate. </p><p>The harvest for 1964–65 reached 30,000 tons, a record at the time. </p><p>By 1970 the harvest had increased to almost 52,000 tonnes, but this could not match demand, which had grown with industrial development (especially from freezing works and pulp and paper mills). It became evident that Grassmere could not meet New Zealand's salt requirements. </p><p>Bulk shipments of salt from the Caribbean and Australia were landed at Mt Maunganui, where a vacuum salt plant was built. This produced the high-purity salt needed by producers in the dairy and pharmaceutical industries. A second, smaller vacuum plant was built at Grassmere. </p><p>Some rolling stock from the railway at Grassmere salt works is preserved at the <a href="/wiki/Ferrymead_Two_Foot_Railway" title="Ferrymead Two Foot Railway">Ferrymead Two Foot Railway</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economics">Economics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Grassmere&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A large range of salts with slightly different chemical compositions, grain sizes and shapes are produced at Lake Grassmere. All table salt produced in New Zealand is solar salt, and both iodised and non-iodised table salt are available. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Iodised_salt" title="Iodised salt">Iodised salt</a> contains added <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a> (to prevent <a href="/wiki/Goitre" title="Goitre">goitre</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">silicon dioxide</a> (to make the salt run). Specialty salts, including flaky salt, are also produced at Lake Grassmere. </p><p>Animal health products such as salt licks for farm animals are produced at Grassmere and Mt Maunganui. </p><p>At the end of summer Grassmere's gleaming white salt piles are easily seen from State Highway 1. This seasonal landmark forms a vivid contrast to the burnt brown of the Marlborough hills. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seismic_activity">Seismic activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Grassmere&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Seismic activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A fault running underneath Lake Grassmere triggered a <a href="/wiki/2013_Lake_Grassmere_earthquake" title="2013 Lake Grassmere earthquake">magnitude 6.6 earthquake</a> on Friday, August 16, 2013 at 2:31:05 pm.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The quake was 8 kilometres (5 mi) deep and was strike-slip fault similar to the <a href="/wiki/2013_Seddon_earthquake" title="2013 Seddon earthquake">2013 Seddon earthquake</a> on July 21, thus considered a <a href="/wiki/Doublet_earthquake" title="Doublet earthquake">doublet earthquake</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Official_name">Official name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Grassmere&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Official name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official name of the lake become a <a href="/wiki/List_of_dual_place_names_in_New_Zealand" title="List of dual place names in New Zealand">dual name</a> as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu_Claims_Settlement_Act_1998" title="Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998">Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Grassmere&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKirkLauder2000" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kirk_(geographer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Kirk (geographer) (page does not exist)">Kirk, Bob</a>; Lauder, G. A. (April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/sfc146.pdf">"Significant coastal lagoon systems in the South Island, New Zealand: coastal processes and lagoon mouth closure"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science for Conservation</i>. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Conservation_(New_Zealand)" title="Department of Conservation (New Zealand)">Department of Conservation</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+for+Conservation&rft.atitle=Significant+coastal+lagoon+systems+in+the+South+Island%2C+New+Zealand%3A+coastal+processes+and+lagoon+mouth+closure&rft.date=2000-04&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.au=Lauder%2C+G.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doc.govt.nz%2Fglobalassets%2Fdocuments%2Fscience-and-technical%2Fsfc146.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Grassmere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIWA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NIWA_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cliflo.niwa.co.nz">"CliFlo – National Climate Database : Grassmere Salt Works"</a>. NIWA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CliFlo+%E2%80%93+National+Climate+Database+%3A+Grassmere+Salt+Works&rft.pub=NIWA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcliflo.niwa.co.nz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Grassmere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://info.geonet.org.nz/display/home/M6.6+Lake+Grassmere+earthquake">http://info.geonet.org.nz/display/home/M6.6+Lake+Grassmere+earthquake</a> M6.6 Lake Grassmere earthquake</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/ntcsa19981998n97295">"Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ng%C4%81i+Tahu+Claims+Settlement+Act+1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzlii.org%2Fnz%2Flegis%2Fhist_act%2Fntcsa19981998n97295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Grassmere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Grassmere&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/MineralResources/Salt/3/en">Salt making at Lake Grassmere</a> in Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Seat</a>: <a href="/wiki/Blenheim,_New_Zealand" title="Blenheim, New Zealand">Blenheim</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Populated places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Sounds" title="Marlborough Sounds">Marlborough Sounds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anakiwa" title="Anakiwa">Anakiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulwer,_New_Zealand" title="Bulwer, New Zealand">Bulwer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvastown" title="Canvastown">Canvastown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havelock,_New_Zealand" title="Havelock, New Zealand">Havelock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linkwater" title="Linkwater">Linkwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koromiko,_New_Zealand" title="Koromiko, New Zealand">Koromiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moenui" title="Moenui">Moenui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81kuta_Bay" title="Ngākuta Bay">Ngākuta Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckiwi_Bay" title="Ōkiwi Bay">Ōkiwi Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelorus_Bridge" title="Pelorus Bridge">Pelorus Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picton,_New_Zealand" title="Picton, New Zealand">Picton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Underwood" title="Port Underwood">Port Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_Valley" title="Rai Valley">Rai Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikawa,_Marlborough" title="Waikawa, Marlborough">Waikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitaria_Bay" title="Waitaria Bay">Waitaria Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blenheim,_New_Zealand" title="Blenheim, New Zealand">Blenheim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Central" title="Blenheim Central">Blenheim Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burleigh,_New_Zealand" title="Burleigh, New Zealand">Burleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfield,_Blenheim" title="Mayfield, Blenheim">Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwoodtown" title="Redwoodtown">Redwoodtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riversdale,_Blenheim" title="Riversdale, Blenheim">Riversdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springlands" title="Springlands">Springlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witherlea" title="Witherlea">Witherlea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wairau_River" title="Wairau River">Wairau</a>-<a href="/wiki/Awatere_River" title="Awatere River">Awatere</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairhall" title="Fairhall">Fairhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grovetown,_New_Zealand" title="Grovetown, New Zealand">Grovetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Ridge" title="Marlborough Ridge">Marlborough Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapaura" title="Rapaura">Rapaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81rangi" title="Rārangi">Rārangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renwick,_New_Zealand" title="Renwick, New Zealand">Renwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverlands" title="Riverlands">Riverlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seddon,_New_Zealand" title="Seddon, New Zealand">Seddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Creek,_New_Zealand" title="Spring Creek, New Zealand">Spring Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuamarina" title="Tuamarina">Tuamarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waihopai_Valley" title="Waihopai Valley">Waihopai Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wairau_Valley" title="Wairau Valley">Wairau Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward,_New_Zealand" title="Ward, New Zealand">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wharanui" title="Wharanui">Wharanui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodbourne,_New_Zealand" title="Woodbourne, New Zealand">Woodbourne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allports_Island" title="Allports Island">Allports Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerikiwhati_Island" title="Amerikiwhati Island">Amerikiwhati Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatakupu_Island" title="Anatakupu Island">Anatakupu Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapaoa_Island" title="Arapaoa Island">Arapaoa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blumine_Island_/_Oruawairua" class="mw-redirect" title="Blumine Island / Oruawairua">Blumine Island / Ōruawairua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetwode_Islands" title="Chetwode Islands">Chetwode Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Urville_Island_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="D'Urville Island (New Zealand)">Rangitoto ki te Tonga / D'Urville Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forsyth_Island_(New_Zealand)" title="Forsyth Island (New Zealand)">Forsyth Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_(Marlborough)" title="Long Island (Marlborough)">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matapara_/_Pickersgill_Island" title="Matapara / Pickersgill Island">Matapara / Pickersgill Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Island" title="Maud Island">Maud Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangitoto_Islands" title="Rangitoto Islands">Rangitoto Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephens_Island_(New_Zealand)" title="Stephens Island (New Zealand)">Stephens Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies of water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Bay_(New_Zealand)" title="Admiralty Bay (New Zealand)">Admiralty Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Lagoon_(Marlborough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Lagoon (Marlborough)">Big Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brothers_(New_Zealand)" title="The Brothers (New Zealand)">The Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryant_Range" title="Bryant Range">Bryant Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Bay" title="Clifford Bay">Clifford Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Koko-o-Kupe_/_Cloudy_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Koko-o-Kupe / Cloudy Bay">Te Koko-o-Kupe / Cloudy Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croisilles_Harbour" title="Croisilles Harbour">Croisilles Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Bay" title="Elaine Bay">Elaine Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_Bay" title="Fairy Bay">Fairy Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenepuru_Sound" title="Kenepuru Sound">Kenepuru Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Grassmere_/_Kapara_Te_Hau" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Grassmere / Kapara Te Hau">Lake Grassmere / Kapara Te Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maungatapu" title="Maungatapu">Maungatapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meretoto_/_Ship_Cove" title="Meretoto / Ship Cove">Meretoto / Ship Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelorus_Sound_/_Te_Hoiere" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelorus Sound / Te Hoiere">Pelorus Sound / Te Hoiere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penzance_Bay" title="Penzance Bay">Penzance Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Gore" title="Port Gore">Te Anamāhanga / Port Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Charlotte_Sound_/_T%C5%8Dtaranui" title="Queen Charlotte Sound / Tōtaranui">Queen Charlotte Sound / Tōtaranui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawero_Point" title="Tawero Point">Tawero Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennyson_Inlet" title="Tennyson Inlet">Tennyson Inlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory_Channel_/_Kura_Te_Au" class="mw-redirect" title="Tory Channel / Kura Te Au">Tory Channel / Kura Te Au</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wairau_Bar" title="Wairau Bar">Wairau Bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Campbell" title="Cape Campbell">Cape Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Jackson,_New_Zealand" title="Cape Jackson, New Zealand">Cape Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillon_Cone" title="Dillon Cone">Dillon Cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaik%C5%8Dura_Ranges" title="Kaikōura Ranges">Kaikōura Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_Ranges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richmond Ranges (page does not exist)">Richmond Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapuae-o-Uenuku" title="Tapuae-o-Uenuku">Tapuae-o-Uenuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Beach" title="Ward Beach">Ward Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wards_Pass" title="Wards Pass">Wards Pass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities and attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island-Kokomohua_Marine_Reserve" title="Long Island-Kokomohua Marine Reserve">Long Island-Kokomohua Marine Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molesworth_Station" title="Molesworth Station">Molesworth Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Richmond_Forest_Park" title="Mount Richmond Forest Park">Mount Richmond Forest Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Ski_Area" title="Rainbow Ski Area">Rainbow Ski Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_Trail_(New_Zealand)" title="Whale Trail (New Zealand)">Whale Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_District_Council" title="Marlborough District Council">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Marlborough,_New_Zealand" title="Mayor of Marlborough, New Zealand">Mayor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iwi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Apa_ki_te_R%C4%81_T%C5%8D" title="Ngāti Apa ki te Rā Tō">Ngāti Apa ki te Rā Tō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Atiawa_o_Te_Waka-a-M%C4%81ui" title="Te Atiawa o Te Waka-a-Māui">Te Atiawa o Te Waka-a-Māui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Koata" title="Ngāti Koata">Ngāti Kōata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kuia" title="Ngāti Kuia">Ngāti Kuia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangit%C4%81ne" title="Rangitāne">Rangitāne o Wairau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_R%C4%81rua" title="Ngāti Rārua">Ngāti Rārua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Tama" title="Ngāti Tama">Ngāti Tama ki Te Tau Ihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Toa" title="Ngāti Toa">Ngāti Toa Rangatira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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