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Chambers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:BJChambers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BJChambers.jpg/220px-BJChambers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BJChambers.jpg/330px-BJChambers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BJChambers.jpg/440px-BJChambers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="715" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Barzillai Jefferson Chambers</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1817-12-05</span>)</span>December 5, 1817<br /><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Kentucky" title="Montgomery County, Kentucky">Montgomery County, Kentucky</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 16, 1895<span style="display:none">(1895-09-16)</span> (aged 77)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cleburne,_Texas" title="Cleburne, Texas">Cleburne, Texas</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (before 1876)<br /><a href="/wiki/Greenback_Party" title="Greenback Party">Greenback</a> (1876–1889)<br /><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">Populist</a> (1891–1895)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Barzillai Jefferson Chambers</b> (December 5, 1817 – September 16, 1895) was an American surveyor, lawyer, and politician of the <a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a>. Born in Kentucky, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> to join its <a href="/wiki/Texas_Revolution" title="Texas Revolution">war for independence</a> against <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>. Chambers stayed in Texas after its independence and annexation by the United States, earning a living as a surveyor and farmer in <a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Texas" title="Johnson County, Texas">Johnson County</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, he served briefly in the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate army">Confederate army</a>, then returned to his farming and business interests, becoming part-owner of a bank in his hometown of <a href="/wiki/Cleburne,_Texas" title="Cleburne, Texas">Cleburne</a>. </p><p>In the 1870s, Chambers became concerned with farming and monetary issues in politics, eventually joining the nascent <a href="/wiki/Greenback_Party" title="Greenback Party">Greenback Party</a> in 1877. He ran unsuccessfully for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> on the Greenback ticket with presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">James B. Weaver</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> in <a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a>. The Greenback nominees finished in a distant third place, receiving only 3.3% of the popular vote and no electoral votes. After the election, Chambers remained active in Greenback politics in Texas until the party's demise in the late 1880s. He died at his home in Cleburne in 1895. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barzillai_J._Chambers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Barzillai Jefferson Chambers<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born in 1817 in <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Kentucky" title="Montgomery County, Kentucky">Montgomery County, Kentucky</a>, the son of Walker Chambers and Talitha Cumi Mothershead Chambers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr276-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chambers lived on his father's Kentucky farm for the first twenty years of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography86_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography86-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1837, he followed his uncle, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Chambers" title="Thomas Jefferson Chambers">Thomas Jefferson Chambers</a>, to Texas. The elder Chambers, who had lived in Texas since 1830, had raised a regiment to join the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Revolution" title="Texas Revolution">Texas Revolution</a> and commissioned his nephew as a captain and his <a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp" title="Aide-de-camp">aide-de-camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr276-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After helping his uncle to recruit soldiers in Kentucky, the two departed for Texas but arrived too late to see action.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr276-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chambers was discharged from the Texas army in 1838 and remained in the state, becoming a surveyor in the southern part of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography87_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography87-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next year, he was appointed deputy surveyor for north central Texas, between the <a href="/wiki/Brazos_River" title="Brazos River">Brazos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trinity_River_(Texas)" title="Trinity River (Texas)">Trinity</a> rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr276-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area had little white settlement at the time, and Chambers "narrowly escaped Indian attacks on several occasions."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr276-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chambers continued to work as a surveyor in the 1840s while also engaging in land speculation. By 1850, he was promoted to district surveyor; he had, by then, acquired 10,000 acres of land in <a href="/wiki/Navarro_County,_Texas" title="Navarro County, Texas">Navarro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Texas" title="Johnson County, Texas">Johnson</a> counties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr276-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He devoted some of the land to farming, but also donated some lots to Johnson County for the erection of the county seat, in <a href="/wiki/Cleburne,_Texas" title="Cleburne, Texas">Cleburne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByrd53_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByrd53-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became a lawyer in 1860, but never developed a sizable law practice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr276-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chambers married three times: first in 1852 to Susan Wood, who died the next year; secondly in 1854 to Emma Montgomery, who died in childbirth the next year; and finally in 1861 to Harriet Killough.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography88_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography88-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chambers had no children who survived infancy with the first two wives, but with his third wife he had three children: Mary, Patrick, and Isabella.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography88_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography88-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business_and_political_career">Business and political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barzillai_J._Chambers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Business and political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the election of <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> as President of the United States in 1860, Chambers, a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a>, served on two committees in Navarro County that drafted resolutions opposed to Lincoln and racial equality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr277_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr277-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He supported Texas's secession from the Union in 1861 and adhesion to the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a>, but, being 44 years old at the subsequent outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, did not immediately enlist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr277_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr277-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he was exempted from the Confederacy's <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">military draft</a>, Chambers thought the exemption unjust, and wrote to Confederate President <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a> to protest it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy_et_al.146_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy_et_al.146-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1864, he did enlist for six months in the 1st Regiment of Texas State Troops, but saw no action.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr277_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr277-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the war, Chambers returned to farming but also became a half-owner of Cleburne's only bank from 1871 to 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr277_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr277-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By that time, Chambers had the largest land holdings in Johnson County.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography88_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography88-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also actively promoted the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dallas_and_Cleburne_Railroad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dallas and Cleburne Railroad (page does not exist)">Dallas and Cleburne Railroad</a>, working unsuccessfully to get the railroad to make its stock available to all local citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr277_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr277-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chambers's political opinions after the war were at first concerned with government debt. In an 1868 article in the <i>Cleburne Chronicle</i>, Chambers argued against all interest-bearing national debts, and for a general policy of <a href="/wiki/Inflationism" title="Inflationism">inflationism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr278_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr278-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Running as a Democrat, he was elected an alderman of Cleburne and was a delegate to Texas's constitutional convention of 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr278_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr278-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposed constitution that emerged was primarily an attempt to reverse the changes made by Republicans during <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction Era">Reconstruction</a>. Chambers opposed its adoption, not for that reason, but because "while taxation was <i>unequally</i> thrown upon property alone, unqualified suffrage was given to every man".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr278_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr278-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also opposed the <a href="/wiki/Homestead_exemption" title="Homestead exemption">homestead exemption</a>, "which protect[s] the debtor class from the just demands of the creditor class."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr278_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr278-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Texas" title="Constitution of Texas">the constitution</a> was adopted by a two-to-one majority.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr279_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr279-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Greenback_party">Greenback party</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barzillai_J._Chambers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Greenback party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenback_factors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Greenback_factors.jpg/220px-Greenback_factors.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Greenback_factors.jpg/330px-Greenback_factors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Greenback_factors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>In an 1880 cartoon in <i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Leslie%27s_Illustrated_Newspaper" title="Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper">Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper</a></i>, the Greenback party is ridiculed as a collection of disparate radicals.</figcaption></figure> <p>When the Democratic Party's platform did not endorse his inflationist views in 1876, Chambers quit the party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr279_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr279-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new <a href="/wiki/Greenback_Party" title="Greenback Party">Greenback Party</a> (sometimes called the Greenback-Labor Party,) had not yet begun to organize in Texas, but its positions better suited Chambers and he joined in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr279_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr279-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greenbackers, in the words of one author, "anticipated by almost fifty years the progressive legislation of the first quarter of the twentieth century."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClancy163–164_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClancy163–164-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their platform advocated an <a href="/wiki/Eight-hour_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight-hour day">eight-hour work day</a>, safety regulations in factories, and prohibition of <a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">child labor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClancy163–164_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClancy163–164-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their most prominent position, however, and the one from which their name was derived, was support for the continued issuance of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Notes" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Notes">greenback dollar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClancy163–164_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClancy163–164-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Civil War, Congress had authorized "greenbacks," a new form of <a href="/wiki/Fiat_money" title="Fiat money">fiat money</a> that was redeemable not in <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold</a> but in government bonds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnger14–15_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnger14–15-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The greenbacks had helped to finance the war when the government's gold supply did not keep pace with the expanding costs of maintaining the armies. When the crisis had passed, many in both parties, especially in the East, wanted to return the nation's currency to a gold standard as soon as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnger16–17_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnger16–17-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Specie_Payment_Resumption_Act" title="Specie Payment Resumption Act">Specie Payment Resumption Act</a>, passed in 1875, ordered that greenbacks be gradually withdrawn and replaced with gold-backed currency beginning in 1879. At the same time, <a href="/wiki/Long_Depression" title="Long Depression">economic depression</a> had made it more expensive for debtors to pay debts they had contracted when currency was less valuable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnger228–233_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnger228–233-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmers and laborers, especially, clamored for the return of coinage in both gold and silver, believing the increased money supply would restore wages and property values.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin163_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin163-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With neither major party willing to endorse inflation, some partisans of loose money joined the new Greenback faction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoolen436_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoolen436-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chambers rose quickly in the new party's leadership, serving as a delegate to their state convention in July 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr279_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr279-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially a candidate for <a href="/wiki/Texas_General_Land_Office" title="Texas General Land Office">state land commissioner</a>, Chambers withdrew his name in August of that year to allow former Republican <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Kuechler" title="Jacob Kuechler">Jacob Kuechler</a> to win a unanimous nomination; he was nominated instead for a seat in the state legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr279_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr279-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten Greenbackers were elected to the legislature that year, but Chambers was not among them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin169_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin169-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the campaign, Chambers published a pamphlet attacking the Democratic candidates and calling for Congress to create "a sufficient amount of paper money, making it equal to gold and silver, and full legal tender for all debts".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr279_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr279-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it did not help his own election, the pamphlet was widely circulated within the party and raised Chambers's profile among Greenbackers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy_et_al.147_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy_et_al.147-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1880_election">1880 election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barzillai_J._Chambers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1880 election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1880" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election, 1880">United States presidential election, 1880</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weaver-Chambers_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Weaver-Chambers_1880.jpg/170px-Weaver-Chambers_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="417" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Weaver-Chambers_1880.jpg/255px-Weaver-Chambers_1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Weaver-Chambers_1880.jpg/340px-Weaver-Chambers_1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="1103" /></a><figcaption>Greenback campaign ribbon from 1880</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1879, the Greenback coalition had splintered, and Chambers became affiliated with the faction most prominent in the South and West, called the "Union Greenback Labor Party," led by <a href="/wiki/Marcus_M._Pomeroy" title="Marcus M. Pomeroy">Marcus M. "Brick" Pomeroy</a>. Pomeroy's faction was more radical and emphasized its independence, suggesting that Eastern Greenbackers were likely to "sell out the party at any time to the Democrats."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr280Doolen439–440_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr280Doolen439–440-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chambers was chosen as a delegate to the Pomeroy faction's 1880 national convention in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr280_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr280-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 212 delegates nominated <a href="/wiki/Stephen_D._Dillaye" title="Stephen D. Dillaye">Stephen D. Dillaye</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> for president and Chambers for vice president.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr280_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr280-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accepting the nomination, Chambers called for unity between the Greenback factions and restated his belief in the party's goals, and attacked bankers as "<a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr281_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr281-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To further promote his views, he purchased a small newspaper, the <i>Cleburne Avalanche</i>, and spoke at the state convention in Texas in May 1880.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr281_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr281-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The more Eastern-oriented faction of the Greenbacks, called the "National Greenback Party," held <a href="/wiki/1880_Greenback_National_Convention" title="1880 Greenback National Convention">its convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> that June, and Chambers attended along with others from the Pomeroy faction, hoping to heal the party split. The two factions resolved their differences and wrote a joint platform.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr281_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr281-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greenbackers also agreed to admit forty-four delegates of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoolen447_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoolen447-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dillaye stepped aside to allow the nomination of <a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">James B. Weaver</a> of Iowa, a Civil War general and Congressman. Chambers was proposed for vice president by the reunited party, as was <a href="/wiki/Absolom_M._West" title="Absolom M. West">Absolom M. West</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>; Chambers was victorious on the first ballot, by 403 votes to 311. West moved that the nomination be made unanimous, which it was.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr281_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr281-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chambers gave speeches on his way back to Texas, castigating the banks and defending the admission of socialists to the convention as "simply a body of men enlisted in the cause of human rights."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr281_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr281-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his official acceptance letter, he called for expansion of the currency, immigration restriction to help workingmen compete "with Chinese serf labor," and the forfeiture of all unfulfilled railroad grants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr282_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr282-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 8, before reaching home, Chambers fell as he exited his train in <a href="/wiki/Kosse,_Texas" title="Kosse, Texas">Kosse, Texas</a>, and broke two ribs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr282_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr282-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was confined to bed for several weeks and considered withdrawing from the race, but decided against it. His efforts, however, were limited by his injuries, and his only contribution to the campaign was to publish his newspaper, renamed the <i>Cleburne Greenbacker.</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr282_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr282-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greenbackers had high hopes for the 1880 election, but were disappointed with the result: Weaver and Chambers won just over 300,000 votes (3.3% of the popular vote) and did not carry a single state in the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral college</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr282_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr282-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-election_life">Post-election life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barzillai_J._Chambers&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-election life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chambers remained active in politics after the 1880 election. He served as chairman of the Texas Greenback Party in 1882 as <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Jones_(Texas_politician)" title="George Washington Jones (Texas politician)">George Washington Jones</a> received the party's endorsement for governor. He was unsuccessful, and Chambers worried that the party was becoming "disorganized and disintegrated beyond the hope of a successful rally."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr282_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr282-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1884, Jones ran again for governor and Chambers broke with him on the question of whether the state should lease public lands or let cattlemen use them without payment (Chambers favored the former option).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr283_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr283-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also criticized the party's presidential nominee that year, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Butler (politician)">Benjamin Butler</a> of Massachusetts, for attacking monopolies without offering any suggestions on how to reform them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr283_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr283-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 1884 election, Chambers had little involvement in politics. The Greenback Party fell apart by 1888, but many of its ideas and members found a home in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">People's Party</a>, which arose in the early 1890s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr284_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr284-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chambers made his last foray into politics in 1890 in two letters to the <i>Southern Mercury</i>, a newspaper of the <a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_Alliance" title="Farmers' Alliance">Farmers' Alliance</a>, in which he again condemned monopolies and corporations, and suggested that all laws creating them be repealed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr283_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr283-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was encouraged by the growth of the People's Party, but old age and ill health kept him from being an active member. Chambers died at his home on September 16, 1895, and was buried in Cleburne Memorial Cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr284_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr284-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barzillai_J._Chambers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Many early sources list Chambers's first name as "Benjamin".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByrd52_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByrd52-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most recent scholarship gives his name as "Barzillai." <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alwyn_Barr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alwyn Barr (page does not exist)">Alwyn Barr</a>'s 1967 article refers to him as "Barzillai."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr276-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darcy G. Richardson, writing in 2004, says that in Chambers's lifetime he was "often mistakenly referred to as 'Benjamin' Chambers".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson513_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson513-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barzillai_J._Chambers&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 26em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByrd52-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByrd52_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByrd">Byrd</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr276-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr276_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr">Barr</a>, p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson513-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson513_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichardson">Richardson</a>, p. 513.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography86-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography86_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMemorial_Biography">Memorial Biography</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography87-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography87_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMemorial_Biography">Memorial Biography</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByrd53-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByrd53_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByrd">Byrd</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography88-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography88_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography88_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMemorial_Biography88_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMemorial_Biography">Memorial Biography</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr277-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr277_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr277_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr277_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr277_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr277_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr">Barr</a>, p. 277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy_et_al.146-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy_et_al.146_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy_et_al.">Kennedy et al.</a>, p. 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr278-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr278_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr278_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr278_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr278_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr">Barr</a>, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr279-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr279_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr279_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr279_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr279_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr279_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr279_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr">Barr</a>, p. 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClancy163–164-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClancy163–164_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClancy163–164_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClancy163–164_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClancy">Clancy</a>, pp. 163–164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnger14–15-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnger14–15_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnger">Unger</a>, pp. 14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnger16–17-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnger16–17_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnger">Unger</a>, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnger228–233-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnger228–233_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnger">Unger</a>, pp. 228–233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin163-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin163_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartin">Martin</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoolen436-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoolen436_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoolen">Doolen</a>, p. 436.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin169-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin169_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartin">Martin</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy_et_al.147-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy_et_al.147_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy_et_al.">Kennedy et al.</a>, p. 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr280Doolen439–440-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr280Doolen439–440_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr">Barr</a>, p. 280; <a href="#CITEREFDoolen">Doolen</a>, pp. 439–440.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr280-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr280_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr280_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr">Barr</a>, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr281-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr281_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr281_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr281_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr281_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr281_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr">Barr</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoolen447-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoolen447_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoolen">Doolen</a>, p. 447.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr282-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr282_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr282_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr282_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr282_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr282_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr">Barr</a>, p. 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr283-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr283_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr283_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr283_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr">Barr</a>, p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr284-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr284_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr284_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr">Barr</a>, p. 284.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barzillai_J._Chambers&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dt>Books</dt></dl> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMemorial_Biography" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memorialbiograph01chic"><i>A Memorial and Biographical History of Johnson and Hill Counties, Texas</i></a>. Chicago, Illinois: Lewis Publishing Company. 1892. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7319318">7319318</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6924298M">6924298M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Memorial+and+Biographical+History+of+Johnson+and+Hill+Counties%2C+Texas&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Lewis+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1892&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7319318&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL6924298M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmemorialbiograph01chic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarzillai+J.+Chambers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByrd" class="citation book cs1">Byrd, A. J. (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historydescripti00byrd"><i>History and Description of Johnson County and Its Principal Towns</i></a>. Marshall, Texas: Jennings Bros. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/210669208">210669208</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Description+of+Johnson+County+and+Its+Principal+Towns&rft.place=Marshall%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Jennings+Bros.&rft.date=1879&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F210669208&rft.aulast=Byrd&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorydescripti00byrd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarzillai+J.+Chambers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClancy" class="citation book cs1">Clancy, Herbert J. (1958). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/presidentialelec0000clan"><i>The Presidential Election of 1880</i></a></span>. Chicago, Illinois: Loyola University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-258-19190-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-258-19190-0"><bdi>978-1-258-19190-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidential+Election+of+1880&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Loyola+University+Press&rft.date=1958&rft.isbn=978-1-258-19190-0&rft.aulast=Clancy&rft.aufirst=Herbert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpresidentialelec0000clan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarzillai+J.+Chambers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy_et_al." class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, E.B.; Dillaye, S.D.; Hill, Henry (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ourpresidential00pubgoog"><i>Our Presidential Candidates and Political Compendium</i></a>. Newark, New Jersey: F.C. Bliss & Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9056547">9056547</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Presidential+Candidates+and+Political+Compendium&rft.place=Newark%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=F.C.+Bliss+%26+Co.&rft.date=1880&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9056547&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=E.B.&rft.au=Dillaye%2C+S.D.&rft.au=Hill%2C+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fourpresidential00pubgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarzillai+J.+Chambers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Darcy G. (2004). <i>Others: Third Party Politics from the Nation's Founding to the Rise and Fall of the Greenback-Labor Party</i>. Vol. 1. Lincoln, Nebraska: iUniverse, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-595-31723-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-595-31723-5"><bdi>0-595-31723-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Others%3A+Third+Party+Politics+from+the+Nation%27s+Founding+to+the+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Greenback-Labor+Party&rft.place=Lincoln%2C+Nebraska&rft.pub=iUniverse%2C+Inc&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-595-31723-5&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Darcy+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarzillai+J.+Chambers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnger" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Unger" title="Irwin Unger">Unger, Irwin</a> (1964). <a href="/wiki/The_Greenback_Era" title="The Greenback Era"><i>The Greenback Era: A Social and Political History of American Finance, 1865–1879</i></a>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59740-168-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-59740-168-4"><bdi>1-59740-168-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greenback+Era%3A+A+Social+and+Political+History+of+American+Finance%2C+1865%E2%80%931879&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=1-59740-168-4&rft.aulast=Unger&rft.aufirst=Irwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarzillai+J.+Chambers" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Articles</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alwyn_Barr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alwyn Barr (page does not exist)">Barr, Alwyn</a> (October 1967). "B. J. Chambers and the Greenback Party Split". <i>Mid-America</i>. <b>49</b>: 276–284.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mid-America&rft.atitle=B.+J.+Chambers+and+the+Greenback+Party+Split&rft.volume=49&rft.pages=276-284&rft.date=1967-10&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Alwyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarzillai+J.+Chambers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoolen" class="citation journal cs1">Doolen, Richard M. (Winter 1972). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Brick" Pomeroy and the Greenback Clubs". <i>Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society</i>. <b>65</b> (4): 434–450. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40191206">40191206</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Illinois+State+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=%22Brick%22+Pomeroy+and+the+Greenback+Clubs&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=434-450&rft.date=1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40191206%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Doolen&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarzillai+J.+Chambers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin" class="citation journal cs1">Martin, Roscoe C. (January 1927). "The Greenback Party in Texas". <i>The Southwestern Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>30</b> (3): 161–177. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30237195">30237195</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Southwestern+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Greenback+Party+in+Texas&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=161-177&rft.date=1927-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30237195%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Roscoe+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarzillai+J.+Chambers" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fenton_Cary" title="Samuel Fenton Cary">Samuel Cary</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Greenback_Party" title="Greenback Party">Greenback</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Absolom_M._West" title="Absolom M. West">Absolom M. West</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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presidential tickets (U.S.)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_left-wing_third-party_U.S._presidential_tickets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_left-wing_politics_in_the_United_States" title="History of left-wing politics in the United States">Historical left-wing third-party U.S. presidential tickets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This group includes only pre-1996 parties that fielded a candidate that won greater 0.1% of the popular vote in at least one presidential election</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential<br />tickets that<br />won at least<br />one percent of<br />the national<br />popular vote<br /> (candidate(s) / <br /> running mate(s))</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greenback_Party" title="Greenback Party">Greenback</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cooper" title="Peter Cooper">Peter Cooper</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fenton_Cary" title="Samuel Fenton Cary">Samuel F. Cary</a> (<a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">James B. Weaver</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Barzillai J. Chambers</a> (<a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Benjamin Butler</a>/<a href="/wiki/Absolom_M._West" title="Absolom M. West">Absolom M. West</a> (<a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(United_States,_19th_century)" title="Labor Party (United States, 19th century)">Union Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alson_Streeter" title="Alson Streeter">Alson Streeter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Cunningham" title="Charles E. Cunningham">Charles E. Cunningham</a> (<a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">Populist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">James B. Weaver</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_G._Field" title="James G. Field">James G. Field</a> (<a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Watson" title="Thomas E. Watson">Thomas E. Watson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ben_Hanford" title="Ben Hanford">Ben Hanford</a> (<a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">1904</a> and <a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Emil Seidel</a> (<a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_L._Benson" title="Allan L. Benson">Allan L. Benson</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_Ross_Kirkpatrick" title="George Ross Kirkpatrick">George R. Kirkpatrick</a> (<a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Seymour_Stedman" title="Seymour Stedman">Seymour Stedman</a> (<a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Norman Thomas</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_H._Maurer" title="James H. Maurer">James H. Maurer</a> (<a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">Bull Moose</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">Hiram Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%931934)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)">Progressive (1924)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">Robert M. La Follette</a>/<a href="/wiki/Burton_K._Wheeler" title="Burton K. Wheeler">Burton K. Wheeler</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive (1948)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a>/<a href="/wiki/Glen_H._Taylor" title="Glen H. Taylor">Glen H. Taylor</a> (<a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other notable<br />left-wing parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_America" title="Social Democratic Party of America">Social Democratic Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_(United_States)" title="Independence Party (United States)">Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Farmer–Labor Party">Farmer–Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(United_States,_1932)" title="Liberty Party (United States, 1932)">Liberty Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_1971)" title="People's Party (United States, 1971)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(United_States)" title="Citizens Party (United States)">Citizens Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party" title="New Alliance Party">New Alliance Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States presidential elections">Third-party performances in presidential elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">Labor history of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">Liberalism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">Progressivism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_States" title="History of the socialist movement in the United States">Socialism in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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