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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Povijesni_tijek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijesni_tijek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Povijesni tijek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povijesni_tijek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3-D_građa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3-D_građa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>3-D građa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-3-D_građa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline 3-D građa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-3-D_građa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Specifičnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifičnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Specifičnosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifičnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hipoteza_ključ_i_brava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hipoteza_ključ_i_brava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Hipoteza <i>ključ i brava</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hipoteza_ključ_i_brava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hipoteza_pobuđene_prilagodbe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hipoteza_pobuđene_prilagodbe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Hipoteza <i>pobuđene prilagodbe</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hipoteza_pobuđene_prilagodbe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kofaktori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kofaktori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Kofaktori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kofaktori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Termodinamika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Termodinamika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Termodinamika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Termodinamika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Enzim</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 133 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-133" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">133 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiem" title="Ensiem – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ensiem" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85" title="إنزيم – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنزيم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85" title="لونزيم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لونزيم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85" title="انزيم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انزيم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%95" title="উৎসেচক – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উৎসেচক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentl%C9%99r" title="Fermentlər – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fermentlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85" title="آنزیم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آنزیم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ферменттар – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ферменттар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferments" title="Ferments – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ferments" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensima" title="Ensima – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ensima" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Ферменты – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ферменты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Фэрмэнты – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фэрмэнты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ензим – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ензим" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE" title="एंजाइम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एंजाइम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B2%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အဲဉ်းသုဲင် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အဲဉ်းသုဲင်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%95" title="উৎসেচক – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উৎসেচক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Ферменташ – čečenski" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ферменташ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ئەنزیم – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەنزیم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensym" title="Ensym – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ensym" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BD%CE%B6%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BF" title="Ένζυμο – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ένζυμο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Enzyme" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimo" title="Enzimo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Enzimo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ens%C3%BC%C3%BCm" title="Ensüüm – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ensüüm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entzima" title="Entzima – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Entzima" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85" title="آنزیم – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنزیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entsyymi" title="Entsyymi – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Entsyymi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kveiki" title="Kveiki – ferojski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kveiki" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ferojski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Enzyme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ens%C3%BC%C3%BCm" title="Ensüüm – sjevernofrizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ensüüm" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjevernofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eins%C3%ADm" title="Einsím – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Einsím" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ens%C3%ADma" title="Ensíma – gvaranski" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ensíma" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אנזים – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנזים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="प्रकिण्व – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रकिण्व" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Enzyme" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anzim" title="Anzim – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Anzim" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF" title="Ֆերմենտ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆերմենտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyma" title="Enzyma – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Enzyma" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensima" title="Ensima – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ensima" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Ферменташ – ingušetski" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ферменташ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingušetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimo" title="Enzimo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Enzimo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ens%C3%ADm" title="Ensím – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ensím" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="酵素 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="酵素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88nzim" title="Ènzim – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ènzim" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ფერმენტები – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფერმენტები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ферменттер – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ферменттер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9A%A8%EC%86%8C" title="효소 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="효소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym – kelnski" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kelnski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enz%C3%AEm" title="Enzîm – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Enzîm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Фермент – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фермент" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzymum" title="Enzymum – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Enzymum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ферментар – lezgiški" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ферментар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimolojia" title="Enzimolojia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Enzimolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A" title="ເອນໄຊ – laoski" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເອນໄຊ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentas" title="Fermentas – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fermentas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enz%C4%ABmi" title="Enzīmi – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Enzīmi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ензим – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ензим" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="രാസാഗ്നി – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാസാഗ്നി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Энзим – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Энзим" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="उत्प्रेरक – marathski" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उत्प्रेरक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%87%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အင်န်ဇိုင်း – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်န်ဇိုင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE" title="इन्जाइम – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इन्जाइम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensime" title="Ensime – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Ensime" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%27a_(Inzaayimii)" title="Nam'a (Inzaayimii) – oromski" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Nam'a (Inzaayimii)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE" title="ਐੱਨਜ਼ਾਈਮ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐੱਨਜ਼ਾਈਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Enzyme" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzymy" title="Enzymy – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Enzymy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85" title="انزائم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انزائم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85" title="انزايم – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انزايم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huptana" title="Huptana – kečuanski" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Huptana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim%C4%83" title="Enzimă – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Enzimă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Ферменты – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ферменты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Ензім – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ензім" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Энзим – jakutski" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Энзим" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entsyma" title="Entsyma – sjeverni sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Entsyma" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sjeverni sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8" title="එන්සයිම – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එන්සයිම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Enzyme" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enz%C3%BDm" title="Enzým – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Enzým" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encim" title="Encim – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Encim" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiim" title="Ensiim – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ensiim" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ензим – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ензим" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Enzyme" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nzim" title="Énzim – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Énzim" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimeng%27enya" title="Kimeng'enya – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kimeng'enya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நொதியம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நொதியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="ఎంజైము – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎంజైము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%8C" title="เอนไซม์ – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอนไซม์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensima" title="Ensima – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ensima" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Фермент – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фермент" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ферментилер – tuvinski" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Ферментилер" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Ферменти – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ферменти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%81" title="خامرہ – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خامرہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentlar" title="Fermentlar – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fermentlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Enzyme" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inzime" title="Inzime – valonski" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Inzime" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensaym" title="Ensaym – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ensaym" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B6" title="酶 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="酶" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Фермент – kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Фермент" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ענזים – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ענזים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B6" title="酶 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="酶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0%E2%81%BF-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Kàⁿ-sò͘ – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kàⁿ-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="酵素 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="酵素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INzwayiza" title="INzwayiza – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INzwayiza" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Acetylcholinesterase-1EA5.png/300px-Acetylcholinesterase-1EA5.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Acetylcholinesterase-1EA5.png/450px-Acetylcholinesterase-1EA5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Acetylcholinesterase-1EA5.png 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>Enzim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetilkolinesteraza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetilkolinesteraza (stranica ne postoji)">acetilkolinesteraza</a> se nalazi u <a href="/wiki/Krv" title="Krv">krvi</a> i živčanim stanicama</figcaption></figure> <p>Enzimi su neophodni za život kakav poznajemo, jer su mnoge reakcije koje se odvijaju u <a href="/wiki/Stanica" title="Stanica">stanicama</a> organizma prespore te bi vodile do bitno drugačijih produkata koje organizmu ili ne trebaju, ili bi štetili. Pogreška (genetske <a href="/wiki/Mutacija" title="Mutacija">mutacije</a>, nedovoljna proizvodnja, ili hiperprodukcija enzima) jednog jedinog enzima može biti glavni uzrok teških genetskih poremećaja. Tako je, primjerice, poremećaj <a href="/wiki/Fenilketonurija" title="Fenilketonurija">fenilketonurija</a> rezultat pogreške enzima <b>fenilalanin hidroksilaza</b>, koji katalizira prvi korak u degradaciji <a href="/wiki/Aminokiseline" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminokiseline">aminokiseline</a> <a href="/wiki/Fenilalanin" title="Fenilalanin">fenilalanina</a>. Ako ovaj enzim ne radi kako treba, i ne degradira aminokiselinu na predviđeni način, neograničena proizvodnja fenilalanina će dovesti do <a href="/wiki/Mentalna_retardacija" title="Mentalna retardacija">mentalne retardacije</a>. Postoji i još čitav niz oboljenja, pod zajedničkim nazivom <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzimopatije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enzimopatije (stranica ne postoji)">enzimopatije</a></b>, čiji je uzrok mutacija gena, a posljedica nedostatak nekog enzima. </p><p>Kao i svi katalizatori, enzimi funkcioniraju na način da snižavaju <a href="/wiki/Energija_aktivacije" title="Energija aktivacije">energiju aktivacije</a> pojedine reakcije, te je na taj način ubrzavaju, i do nekoliko milijuna puta. Enzim ostaje nepromijenjen čitavim trajanjem reakcije na koju utječe što mu omogućava da, kad se jedna reakcija privede kraju, uključi u drugu potpuno nepromijenjen. Enzimi ne utječu na relativnu energiju između reagenata i produkata, pa niti na odnosne reakcije. Međutim, ono što enzim ističe među svim ostalim katalizatorima je njegova specifičnost u pogledu <a href="/wiki/Stereokemija" title="Stereokemija">stereokemije</a>, kemijske selektivnosti i specifičnosti. Osnovna ideja enzima je povezivanje molekula u reakciji na koju djeluje stvaranjem kompleksa. </p><p>Na aktivnost enzima mogu utjecati različite molekule. <b>Inhibitori</b>, prirodni ili umjetni stvoreni u laboratoriju, su molekule koji ili umanjuju aktivnost enzima, ili je potpuno uništavaju. <b>Aktivatori</b> su pak molekule koje povećavaju aktivnost enzima. <b>Inhibitori samoubojice</b> su inhibitori koji se sami ugrade u enzim i zauvijek ga deaktiviraju. Mnogi lijekovi su ustvari inhibitori enzima. Npr. <a href="/wiki/Aspirin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspirin">aspirin</a> je inhibitor enzima koji rezultira stvaranjem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostaglandin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostaglandin (stranica ne postoji)">prostaglandina</a> (inflamantorna molekula), te tako stopira bol i inflamaciju. Otrov <a href="/wiki/Cijanid" title="Cijanid">cijanid</a> deaktivira enzim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citokrom_C_oksidaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citokrom C oksidaza (stranica ne postoji)">citokrom C oksidazu</a> i na taj način blokira <a href="/wiki/Stani%C4%8Dno_disanje" title="Stanično disanje">stanično disanje</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijesni_tijek">Povijesni tijek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijesni tijek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijesni tijek"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Purine_Nucleoside_Phosphorylase.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Purine_Nucleoside_Phosphorylase.jpg/220px-Purine_Nucleoside_Phosphorylase.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Purine_Nucleoside_Phosphorylase.jpg/330px-Purine_Nucleoside_Phosphorylase.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Purine_Nucleoside_Phosphorylase.jpg/440px-Purine_Nucleoside_Phosphorylase.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Izraz <b>enzim</b> potječe od <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Grčki jezik">grč.</a> <i>ένζυμο</i> - zakiseliti. Krajem <a href="/wiki/1700." title="1700.">1700.</a> i početkom <a href="/wiki/1800." title="1800.">1800.</a> su znanstvenici primijetili reakcije koje nastaju probavom mesa pomoću <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDu%C4%8D" title="Žuč">žučnih</a> kiselina i reakcije koje prate pretvaranje dekstrina u <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0e%C4%87er" class="mw-redirect" title="Šećer">šećer</a>. </p><p>Proučavanjem <a href="/wiki/Fermentacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentacija">fermentacije</a> šećera u <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" class="mw-disambig" title="Alkohol">alkohol</a> pomoću <a href="/wiki/Kvasac" title="Kvasac">kvasca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> je došao do zaključka da je fermentacija moguća zbog postojanja <i>fermenata</i> u kvascu, za koje se mislilo da su prisutne isključivo u živim organizmima. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1897." title="1897.">1897.</a> su Hans i Eduard Buhner koristili ekstrakte kvasca kako bi fermentirali šećer bez prisustva živih stanica kvasca u medicinske svrhe. Jedan od načina čuvanja je bio dodavanje velike količine šećera u ekstrakte. Na svoje iznenađenje su otkrili da je fermentiran šećer, iako u cijeloj smjesi nije bilo živih stanica kvasca. Termin enzim je po prvi puta upotrijebljen upravo tada, pri opisu tvari koju su pronašli u ekstraktu kvasca, a koja je dovela do fermentacije šećera. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="3-D_građa"><span id="3-D_gra.C4.91a"></span>3-D građa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: 3-D građa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka 3-D građa"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dugo se smatralo da su svi enzimi po kemijskom sastavu <a href="/wiki/Proteini" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteini">proteini</a>. Međutim, kao što u biokemiji često biva, imamo izuzetak u vidu nekoliko vrsta <a href="/wiki/Ribonukleinska_kiselina" title="Ribonukleinska kiselina">ribonukleinskih kiselina</a> (RNK) koje se specifično nazivaju <a href="/wiki/Ribozim" title="Ribozim">ribozimi</a>. Smatra se da su RNK vjerojatno bile i prvi katalizatori u evoluciji žive tvari. </p><p>Što se <i>proteinskih</i> enzima tiče, oni čine veliku većinu enzima u ljudskom tijelu te je njihova funkcija, kao kod svih proteina, određena strukturom. Enzim može biti: </p> <ul><li>Monomeran - sadrži samo jedan <a href="/wiki/Polipeptidni_lanac" class="mw-redirect" title="Polipeptidni lanac">polipeptidni lanac</a>, obično od sto ili više <a href="/wiki/Aminokiselina" title="Aminokiselina">aminokiselina</a>,</li> <li>Oligomeran - sadrži veći broj polipeptidnih lanaca, koji mogu biti jednaki ili se razlikovati, bez obzira funkcionirajući zajedno kao cjelina.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Monomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Monomer">Monomer</a> je dugačak linearni lanac aminokiselina, koji se uvija na određeni način i rezultira stvaranjem trodimenzionalne strukture. </p><p>Većina enzima je veći od molekula na koje djeluju, i svega desetak aminokiselina enzima dođe u direktan kontakt s molekulom koja biva transformirana. Područje na kojem dolazi do izravnog spoja enzima i molekule se naziva <b><a href="/wiki/Aktivno_mjesto" title="Aktivno mjesto">aktivno mjesto</a></b>. Veći broj enzima ima i dodatna područja za kofaktore koji su potrebni pri katalizaciji reakcije. Kontakti između molekula na koje djeluju i postojećih kofaktora ubrzava ili usporava aktivnost enzima po potrebi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specifičnosti"><span id="Specifi.C4.8Dnosti"></span>Specifičnosti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Specifičnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Specifičnosti"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enzimi su uglavnom vrlo specifični kad su u pitanju reakcije koje koriste u dodiru s molekulima na koje djeluju, na što prvenstveno utječe njihov oblik, struktura, nabijenost, hidrofilna i hidrofobna svojstva. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hipoteza_ključ_i_brava"><span id="Hipoteza_klju.C4.8D_i_brava"></span>Hipoteza <i>ključ i brava</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Hipoteza ključ i brava" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Hipoteza ključ i brava"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:350px-Enzim2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/d/dc/350px-Enzim2.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="178" /></a><figcaption>Model ključ-brava</figcaption></figure> <p>Najuočljivija karakteristika enzima je njihova specifičnost. <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a> je <a href="/wiki/1890." title="1890.">1890.</a> godine konstatirao da je ova hipoteza korektna zbog specifičnosti oblika enzima i molekula na koje oni djeluju. Svaka molekula na koju određeni enzim utječe, ima točno određeni oblik, pomoću kojeg se molekula poveže na baš taj enzim. Na primjer, ako je molekula na koju enzim utječe u obliku kocke, a sam enzim ima dio u obliku trokuta na koji bi se molekula trebala nadovezati, do povezivanja neće doći, jer u tom slučaju enzim nije namijenjen za tu molekulu. Ova hipoteza se zato i naziva hipoteza <b>Ključ i brava</b>, jer je svaki ključ specifičan za svaku bravu koju otključava. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hipoteza_pobuđene_prilagodbe"><span id="Hipoteza_pobu.C4.91ene_prilagodbe"></span>Hipoteza <i>pobuđene prilagodbe</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Hipoteza pobuđene prilagodbe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Hipoteza pobuđene prilagodbe"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:350px-Enzim1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/f/fe/350px-Enzim1.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="186" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="186" /></a><figcaption>Modifikacije enzima pri međudjelovanju s molekulom, koja dovodi do stvaranja enzim-molekulskog kompleksa</figcaption></figure> <p>Godine <a href="/wiki/1958." title="1958.">1958.</a> Daniel Koshland je predložio modifikaciju hipoteze <i>Ključ i brava</i> koja je nazvana hipoteza <b>Induciranog prilagođavanja</b> (eng. Induced-Fit-Model). Enzimi su vrlo fleksibilne strukture. <i>Aktivni dio</i> enzima može biti modificiran kako bi došlo do interakcije molekula i enzima. Lanci <a href="/wiki/Aminokiselina" title="Aminokiselina">aminokiselina</a> se mogu preklapati na taj način koji bi odgovarao enzimu, kako bi došlo do interakcije, i na taj način enzim mogao izvršiti svoju katalitičku funkciju. U jako rijetkim slučajevima, molekula se pri ulasku u aktivni dio može prilagoditi enzimu, kako bi došlo do interakcije enzima i molekule. Analogija slična ovoj je na primjer kada oblačimo rukavicu, i kako se rukavica prilagođava našoj ruci, kako bi se savršeno prilagodila ruci. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kofaktori">Kofaktori</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Kofaktori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kofaktori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neki enzimi su kao samostalne jedinice same sebi dovoljne da bi bile potpuno aktivne, tj. nisu potrebni dodatni faktori da bi se ta aktivnost postigla. Međutim, nekim enzimima su potrebne molekule koje bi pomogle pri aktiviranju enzima. Te molekule se zovu <b>kofaktori</b>. Kofaktori mogu biti <i>neorganskog porijekla</i>, kao na primjer ioni metala, ili mogu imati <i>organsko porijeklo</i>, i kao takvi se nazivaju <b>koenzimi</b>. </p><p>Enzimi kojima su potrebni kofaktori, a trenutno ih nemaju nazivaju se <b>apoenzimi</b>. Enzim koji je povezan sa svojim kofaktorom, naziva se <b>holoenzim</b>, i taj oblik predstavlja aktivni oblik enzima. Većina kofaktora nije kovalentno povezana s enzimima, ali ima i onih koji su <a href="/wiki/Kovalentna_veza" title="Kovalentna veza">kovalentnim vezama</a> povezani za enzim. Takvi kofaktori se nazivaju <b>prostetska grupa</b>. Npr. kofaktor <i>hem</i> je povezan kovalentnom vezom za <a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin">hemoglobin</a>. </p><p>Većina kofaktora su ili regenerirani ili kemijski nepromijenjeni tijekom i nakon reakcije u kojoj sudjeluju. Veliki broj kofaktora su derivati <a href="/wiki/Vitamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamin">vitamina</a> i služe kao transportna tijela za transport <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoma</a> ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Funkcionalna_grupa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Funkcionalna grupa (stranica ne postoji)">funkcionalnih grupa</a>, od enzima k molekuli. Najčešći primjeri su NAD i NADP, koji su transportna tijela za elektrone, i <b>Koenzim A</b>, koji je transportno tijelo za acetilnu grupu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Termodinamika">Termodinamika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Termodinamika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Termodinamika"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Activation_energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Activation_energy.svg/300px-Activation_energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Activation_energy.svg/450px-Activation_energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Activation_energy.svg/600px-Activation_energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="929" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption>Razlika u energiji aktivacije s i bez enzima. Da bi reakcija bila moguća, energija aktivacije treba biti što niža.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kao sa svim katalizatorima, sve reakcije na koje utječe enzim, tj. koje su katalizatorskog tipa, moraju biti <i>spontane</i>, odnosno vrijednost <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gibsova_slobodna_energija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gibsova slobodna energija (stranica ne postoji)">Gibsove slobodne energije</a> mora biti negativna. Bez enzima reakcije se kreću u istom pravcu kao i s enzimom, ali mnogo manjom brzinom, a uloga enzima je povećanje brzine reakcije. Međutim, nekatalizirane spontane reakcije mogu dovesti do drugačijih produkata od kataliziranih reakcija, tj. od reakcija u kojima su prisutni enzimi. Također enzimi mogu utjecati na više reakcija istovremeno, tako da ona reakcija koja je s termodinamičke točke gledišta bolja, tj. ima veće šanse da bude realizirana, može <i>povući</i> sa sobom onu reakciju koja nije, i na taj način obe reakcije su realizirane. Na primjer, cijepanje jedinjenja koje posjeduje vrlo veliku energiju <a href="/wiki/Adenozin_trifosfat" title="Adenozin trifosfat">ATP</a> (Adenozin-tri-fosfat) je s termodinamičke točke gledišta uspješna reakcija, i ona zauzvrat pomaže reakcijiama koje nisu, a na koje istovremeno djeluje isti enzim kao i na cijepanje <a href="/wiki/ATP" class="mw-disambig" title="ATP">ATP</a> reakcije. </p><p>Enzimi kataliziraju reakcije jednako u oba smjera. Enzimi nikad ne mijenjaju reakcije u kojima sudjeluju, već samo brzinu koja dovodi do uspostavljanja ravnoteže. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzim&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tehnika.lzmk.hr/enzimi/">Enzimi</a> Hrvatska tehnička enciklopedija, portal hrvatske tehničke baštine. <a href="/wiki/LZMK" class="mw-redirect" title="LZMK">LZMK</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enzim&oldid=6962504">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enzim&oldid=6962504</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Enzimi" title="Kategorija:Enzimi">Enzimi</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 6. lipnja 2024. u 13:30.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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