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Tunisia</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: northern Tunisia"> <meta name="keywords" content="northern Tunisia"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="northern Tunisia"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1125</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: northern Tunisia</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1125</span> Organic Geochemistry of the Late Cenomanian–Early Turonian Source Rock in Central and Northern Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belhaj%20Mohamed">Belhaj Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Saidi"> M. Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Bouazizi"> I. Bouazizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Soussi"> M. Soussi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ben%20Jrad"> M. Ben Jrad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Late Cenomanian-Early Turonian laminated, black, organic-rich limestones were described in Central Tunisia and attributed to the Bahloul Formation. It covers central and northern Tunisia, and the northern part of the Gulf of Gabes. The Bahloul Formation is considered as one of the main source rocks in Tunisia and is composed of outer-shelf to slop-laminated and dark-gray to black-colored limestones and marls. This formation had been deposited in a relatively deep-marine, calm, and anoxic environment. Rock-Eval analysis and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) measurements were performed on the basis of the organic carbon content. Several samples were chosen for molecular organic geochemistry. Saturate and aromatic hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry. Geochemical data of the Bahloul Formation in northern and central Tunisia show this level to be a good potential source rock as indicated by the high content of type II organic matter. This formation exhibits high total organic carbon contents (as much as 14%), with an average value of 2% and a good to excellent petroleum potential, ranging between 2 and 50 kg of hydrocarbon/ton of rock. The extracts from the Bahloul Formation are characterized by Pr/Ph ratios ranging between 1.5 and 3, a moderate diasterane content, a C27 sterane approximately equal to C29 sterane, a high C28/C29 ratio, low gammacerane index, a C35/C34 homohopane ratio less than 1 and carbon isotope compositions between -24 and -26‰. The thermal maturity is relatively low, corresponding to the beginning of the oil window in the western area near the Algerian border, in the oil window in the eastern area (Sahel basin) and late mature in northern part. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title="biomarkers">biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20geochemistry" title=" organic geochemistry"> organic geochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20rock" title=" source rock"> source rock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia "> Tunisia </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23712/organic-geochemistry-of-the-late-cenomanian-early-turonian-source-rock-in-central-and-northern-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1124</span> Tunisian Dung Beetles Fauna: Composition and Biogeographic Affinities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imen%20Labidi">Imen Labidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Nouira"> Said Nouira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dung beetles Scarabaeides of Tunisia constitute a major component of soil fauna, especially in the Mediterranean region. In the first phase of the present study, an intensive investigation of this group following the gathering of all the bibliographic, museological data and based on a recent collection of 17020 specimens in 106 localities in Tunisia, allowed to confirm with certainty the presence of 94 species distributed in 43 genera, 4 families and 3 sub-families. Only 81 species distributed in 38 genres, 4 families, and 3 sub-families, have been found during our prospections. The population of dung beetles Scarabaeides is composed of 58% of Aphodiidae, 39.51% of Scarabaeidae, and 8.64% of Geotrupidae. Biogeographic affinities of the species were determined and showed that 42% of the identified species have a wide Palaearctic distribution, the endemism is very low, only 3 species are endemic to Tunisia Mecynodes demoflysi, Neobodilus marani, and Thorectes demoflysi, 29 species have a wide distribution, 35 are northern and 17 are southern species. Moreover, others are dependent on very specific Biotopes like Sisyphus schaefferi linked to the northwest of Tunisia and Scarabaeus semipunctatus related to the coastal area north of Tunisia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dung%20beetles" title="dung beetles">dung beetles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition" title=" composition"> composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogeography" title=" biogeography"> biogeography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87008/tunisian-dung-beetles-fauna-composition-and-biogeographic-affinities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1123</span> Evolution of Gravity Flap Structures in the Southern Central Atlas of Tunisia. Example: Northern of Orbata Anticline (Ben Zannouch Structure)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soulef%20Amamria">Soulef Amamria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sadok%20Bensalem"> Mohamed Sadok Bensalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ghanmi"> Mohamed Ghanmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several works found in the fold-and-thrust belt area of the southern central atlas of Tunisia, which were often related with tectonic shortening, are, in fact, related to superficial gravity structures. These gravitational collapse structures have developed in the northern flank of jebel Orbata. These include rock-slides, rock falls, wrinkle folds, slip sheets, and flaps. The Gravity collapse structures of ben zannouch are parallel to the major thrust of Bou Omrane between Orbata and El Ong structures. The thrust activity of Bou Omrane associated to the important paleo-slope to the south and plastic lithology (incompetent marly and gypsum layers) facilitates the development of the Ben Zannouch Flap structure. The definition in the first time of gravitional collapse structures in Tunisia, particularly in the northern flank of Jebel Orbata, is controlled by three principal structural conditions: the fragmentation of the landslide surfaces, the lithology, and the topography. Other regional factors can be distinguished in the southern-central Tunisian Atlas as the seismity activity of the Gafsa fault and the wetter conditions during the postglacial period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse%20structure" title="collapse structure">collapse structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flap%20structure" title=" flap structure"> flap structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20structures" title=" gravity structures"> gravity structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thrust%20activity" title=" thrust activity"> thrust activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160369/evolution-of-gravity-flap-structures-in-the-southern-central-atlas-of-tunisia-example-northern-of-orbata-anticline-ben-zannouch-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1122</span> Exceptionally Glauconite-Rich Strata from the Miocene Bejaoua Facies of Northern Tunisia: Origin, Composition, and Depositional Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelbasset%20Tounekti">Abdelbasset Tounekti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamel%20Boukhalfa"> Kamel Boukhalfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tathagata%20Roy%20Choudhury"> Tathagata Roy Choudhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Soussi"> Mohamed Soussi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santanu%20Banerjee"> Santanu Banerjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The exceptionally glauconite-rich Miocene strata are superbly exposed throughout the front of the nappes zone of northern Tunisia. Each of the glauconitic fine-grained intervals coincide with the peak rise of third order sea-level cycles during the Burdigalian-Langhiantime. These deposits show coarsening- and thickening-upward glauconitic shale and sandstone, recording a shallowing upward progression across offshore-shoreface settings. Petrographic investigation reveals that the glauconite was originated from the alteration of fecal pellets, and lithoclast including feldspar, volcanic particle, and quartz and infillings with intraparticle pores. Mineralogical analysis of both randomly oriented and air-dried, ethylene-glycolate, and heated glauconite pellets show the low intensity of (002) reflection peaks, indicating high iron substitution for aluminum in octahedral sites. Geochemical characterization of the Miocene glauconite reveals a high K2O and variable Fe2O3 (total) content. A combination of layer lattice and divertissement theories explains the origin of glauconite. The formation of glauconite was facilitated by the abundant supply of Fe through contemporaneous volcanism in Algeria and surrounding areas, which accompanied the African-European plate convergence. Therefore, the occurrence of glauconite in the Miocene succession of Tunisia is influenced by the combination of eustacy and volcanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glauconite" title="glauconite">glauconite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autogenic" title=" autogenic"> autogenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volcanism" title=" volcanism"> volcanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geochemistry" title=" geochemistry"> geochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chamosite" title=" chamosite"> chamosite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20Tunisia" title=" northern Tunisia"> northern Tunisia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miocene" title=" miocene"> miocene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142848/exceptionally-glauconite-rich-strata-from-the-miocene-bejaoua-facies-of-northern-tunisia-origin-composition-and-depositional-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1121</span> Evaluating Robustness of Conceptual Rainfall-runoff Models under Climate Variability in Northern Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Dakhlaoui">H. Dakhlaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ruelland"> D. Ruelland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Tramblay"> Y. Tramblay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Bargaoui"> Z. Bargaoui </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To evaluate the impact of climate change on water resources at the catchment scale, not only future projections of climate are necessary but also robust rainfall-runoff models that are able to be fairly reliable under changing climate conditions. This study aims at assessing the robustness of three conceptual rainfall-runoff models (GR4j, HBV and IHACRES) on five basins in Northern Tunisia under long-term climate variability. Their robustness was evaluated according to a differential split sample test based on a climate classification of the observation period regarding simultaneously precipitation and temperature conditions. The studied catchments are situated in a region where climate change is likely to have significant impacts on runoff and they already suffer from scarcity of water resources. They cover the main hydrographical basins of Northern Tunisia (High Medjerda, Zouaraâ, Ichkeul and Cap bon), which produce the majority of surface water resources in Tunisia. The streamflow regime of the basins can be considered as natural since these basins are located upstream from storage-dams and in areas where withdrawals are negligible. A 30-year common period (1970‒2000) was considered to capture a large spread of hydro-climatic conditions. The calibration was based on the Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) criterion, while the evaluation of model transferability is performed according to the Nash-Suttfliff efficiency criterion and volume error. The three hydrological models were shown to have similar behaviour under climate variability. Models prove a better ability to simulate the runoff pattern when transferred toward wetter periods compared to the case when transferred to drier periods. The limits of transferability are beyond -20% of precipitation and +1.5 °C of temperature in comparison with the calibration period. The deterioration of model robustness could in part be explained by the climate dependency of some parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall-runoff%20modelling" title="rainfall-runoff modelling">rainfall-runoff modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydro-climate%20variability" title=" hydro-climate variability"> hydro-climate variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20robustness" title=" model robustness"> model robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty" title=" uncertainty"> uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38685/evaluating-robustness-of-conceptual-rainfall-runoff-models-under-climate-variability-in-northern-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1120</span> Effect of Thinning Practice on Carbon Storage in Soil Forest Northern Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zouhaier%20Nasr">Zouhaier Nasr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Nouri"> Mohamed Nouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase in greenhouse gases since the pre-industrial period is a real threat to disrupting the balance of marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Along with the oceans, forest soils are considered to be the planet's second-largest carbon sink. North African forests have been subject to alarming degradation for several decades. The objective of this investigation is to determine and quantify the effect of thinning practiced in pine forests in northern Tunisia on the storage of organic carbon in the trees and in the soil. The plot planted in 1989 underwent thinning in 2005 on to plots; the density is therefore 1600 trees/ha in control and 400 trees/ha in thinning. Direct dendrometric measurements (diameter, height, branches, stem) were taken. In the soil part, six profiles of 1m / 1m / 1m were used for soil and root samples and biomass and organic matter measurements. The measurements obtained were statistically processed by appropriate software. The results clearly indicate that thinning improves tree growth, so the diameter increased from 24.3 cm to 30.1 cm. Carbon storage in the trunks was 35% more and 25% for the whole tree. At ground level, the thinned plot shows a slight increase in soil organic matter and quantity of carbon per tree, exceeding the control by 10 to 25%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest" title="forest">forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon" title=" carbon"> carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146020/effect-of-thinning-practice-on-carbon-storage-in-soil-forest-northern-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1119</span> Geochemical Characterization of Bou Dabbous Formation in Thrust Belt Zones, Northern Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ben%20Jrad">M. Ben Jrad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Belhaj%20Mohamed"> A. Belhaj Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Riahi"> S. Riahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Bouazizi"> I. Bouazizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Saidi"> M. Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Soussi"> M. Soussi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The generative potential, depositional environment, thermal maturity and oil seeps of the organic-rich Bou Dabbous Formation (Ypresian) from the thrust belt northwestern Tunisia, were determined by Rock Eval and molecular analyses. The paleo-tectonic units in the area show some similarities with equivalent facies in Mediterranean Sea and Sicilian. The Bou Dabbous Formation displays variable source rock characteristics through the various units Tellian and Numidian nappes Units. Organic matter contents and petroleum potentials are fair to high (reaching 1.95% and 6 kg of HC/t of rock respectively) marine type II kerogen. An increasing SE-NW maturity gradient is well documented in the study area. The Bou Dabbous organic-rich facies are marginally mature stage in the Tellian Unit (Kasseb domain), whilst they are mature-late mature stage within Nefza-Ain Allega tectonic windows. A long and north of Cap Serrat-Ghardimaou Master Fault these facies are overmature. Oil/Oil and Oil/source rock correlation, based on biomarker and carbon isotopic composition, shows a positive genetic correlation between the oil seeps and Bou Dabbous source rock. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title="biomarkers">biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bou%20Dabbous%20Formation" title=" Bou Dabbous Formation"> Bou Dabbous Formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Northern%20Tunisia" title=" Northern Tunisia"> Northern Tunisia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20rock" title=" source rock"> source rock</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23721/geochemical-characterization-of-bou-dabbous-formation-in-thrust-belt-zones-northern-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23721.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1118</span> Bayesian Locally Approach for Spatial Modeling of Visceral Leishmaniasis Infection in Northern and Central Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kais%20Ben-Ahmed">Kais Ben-Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mhamed%20Ali-El-Aroui"> Mhamed Ali-El-Aroui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper develops a Local Generalized Linear Spatial Model (LGLSM) to describe the spatial variation of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) infection risk in northern and central Tunisia. The response from each region is a number of affected children less than five years of age recorded from 1996 through 2006 from Tunisian pediatric departments and treated as a poison county level data. The model includes climatic factors, namely averages of annual rainfall, extreme values of low temperatures in winter and high temperatures in summer to characterize the climate of each region according to each continentality index, the pluviometric quotient of Emberger (Q2) to characterize bioclimatic regions and component for residual extra-poison variation. The statistical results show the progressive increase in the number of affected children in regions with high continentality index and low mean yearly rainfull. On the other hand, an increase in pluviometric quotient of Emberger contributed to a significant increase in VL incidence rate. When compared with the original GLSM, Bayesian locally modeling is improvement and gives a better approximation of the Tunisian VL risk estimation. According to the Bayesian approach inference, we use vague priors for all parameters model and Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20linear%20spatial%20model" title="generalized linear spatial model">generalized linear spatial model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20model" title=" local model"> local model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extra-poisson%20variation" title=" extra-poisson variation"> extra-poisson variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continentality%20index" title=" continentality index"> continentality index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visceral%20leishmaniasis" title=" visceral leishmaniasis"> visceral leishmaniasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14074/bayesian-locally-approach-for-spatial-modeling-of-visceral-leishmaniasis-infection-in-northern-and-central-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1117</span> Effects of the Compressive Eocene Tectonic Phase in the Bou Kornine-Ressas-Messella Structure and Surroundings (Northern Tunisia)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aymen%20Arfaoui">Aymen Arfaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Soumaya"> Abdelkader Soumaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Messalla-Ressas-Bou Kornine (MRB) and Hammamet Korbous (HK) major trending North-South fault zones provide a good opportunity to show the effects of the Eocene compressive phase in northern Tunisia. They acted as paleogeographical boundaries during the Mesozoic and belonged to a significant strike-slip corridor called the «North-South Axis,» extending from the Saharan platform at the South to the Gulf of Tunis at the North. Our study area is situated in a relay zone between two significant strike-slip faults (HK and MRB), separating the Atlas domain from the Pelagian Block. We used a multidisciplinary approach, including fieldwork, stress inversion, and geophysical profiles, to argue the shortening event that affected the study region. The MRB and HK contractional duplex is a privileged area for a local stress field and stress nucleation. The stress inversion of fault slip data reveals an Eocene compression with NW-SE trending SHmax, reactivating most of the ancient Mesozoic normal faults in the region. This shortening phase is represented in the MRB belt by an angular unconformity between the Upper Eocene over various Cretaceous strata. The stress inversion data reveal a compressive tectonic with an average NW-SE trending Shmax. The major N-S faults are reactivated under this shortening as sinistral oblique faults. The orientation of SHmax deviates from NW-SE to E-W near the preexisting deep faults of MRB and HK. This E-W stress direction generated the emerging overlap of Ressas-Messella and blind thrust faults in the Cretaceous deposits. The connection of the sub-meridian reverse faults in depth creates "flower structures" under an E-W local compressive stress. In addition, we detected a reorientation of the SHmax into an N-S direction in the central part of the MRB - HK contractional duplex, creating E-W reverse faults and overlapping zones. Finally, the Eocene compression constituted the first major tectonic phase which inverted the Mesozoic preexisting extensive fault system in Northern Tunisia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eocene%20compression" title=" eocene compression"> eocene compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tectonic%20stress%20field" title=" tectonic stress field"> tectonic stress field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bou%20Kornine-Ressas-Messella" title=" Bou Kornine-Ressas-Messella"> Bou Kornine-Ressas-Messella</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159370/effects-of-the-compressive-eocene-tectonic-phase-in-the-bou-kornine-ressas-messella-structure-and-surroundings-northern-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1116</span> The Language of Hip-Hop and Rap in Tunisia: Symbol of Cultural Change in Post-Arab Spring Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zouhir%20Gabsi">Zouhir Gabsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Arab Spring has had noticeable effects on Tunisia in socio-economic, political, and cultural terms. Few have predicted that the music of hip-hop and rap could engage with the socio-political situation in Tunisia, especially after the downfall of Ben Ali’s regime. Having survived as underground music since the year 2000, the genre of hip-hop and rap remains an aberration from the folkloric tradition. By adhering to the socio-economic reality of the Tunisian street, rappers attempt to claim authenticity mainly in both thematic and language uses, and by usurping the power of ‘space’ from the regime’s control. With the songs’ fast-paced rhythms, catchy phrases, puns, vulgarisms, and linguistic innovations using metaphors, hip-hop, and rap have struck a chord with Tunisia’s youth. Tunisia’s new social reality has allowed Tunisian rappers to express dissent and voice people’s despair over the socio-economic and political situation. This paper argues that rap artists use language as a vehicle to claim the authenticity of their message. It also explores how the performative nature of the language of hip-hop and rap interacts with the Tunisian culture and argues the power of music in the context of political and socio-economic grievances in post-Arab Spring Tunisia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arab%20Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hip-hop" title=" hip-hop"> hip-hop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eevolution" title=" eevolution"> eevolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisian%20Arabic" title=" Tunisian Arabic"> Tunisian Arabic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101961/the-language-of-hip-hop-and-rap-in-tunisia-symbol-of-cultural-change-in-post-arab-spring-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1115</span> The Origins of Inflation in Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narimen%20Rdhaounia%20Mohamed%20Kouni">Narimen Rdhaounia Mohamed Kouni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our aim in this paper is to identify the origins of inflation in Tunisia on the period from 1988 to 2018. In order to estimate the model, an ARDL methodology is used. We studied also the effect of informal economy on inflation. Indeed, we estimated the size of the informal economy in Tunisia based on Gutmann method. The results showed that there are three main origins of inflation. In fact, the first origin is the fiscal policy adopted by Tunisia, particularly after revolution. The second origin is the increase of monetary variables. Finally, informal economy played an important role in inflation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflation" title="inflation">inflation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20price%20index" title=" consumer price index"> consumer price index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal" title=" informal"> informal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gutmann%20method" title=" gutmann method"> gutmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARDL%20model" title=" ARDL model"> ARDL model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158470/the-origins-of-inflation-in-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1114</span> Islamic Finance in Tunisia: Reality and Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Kaddour">Amira Kaddour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hedia%20Teraoui"> Hedia Teraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khmayes%20Bougatef"> Khmayes Bougatef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this paper is to determine the major causes of the underdevelopment of Islamic finance in Tunisia. Indeed, it’s surprising to note that Zitouna bank established in May 2010 is the first Islamic Tunisian bank although 99% of Tunisians are Muslim and Islam is the religion of the State according to the Constitution. So we rely in our paper on the opinions of number of professors of finance and economics as educated people to prove or reject our hypothesis that the underdevelopment of Islamic finance in Tunisia can be explained by the ignorance of its main principles and advantages. Ours findings reveal that this branch of finance is still largely unknown, not only from public but also from professionals. The results obtained surprisingly show that this insignificance of Islamic banking cannot be explained by the fact that Tunisia has been governed since its independence by a secular left-wing party. Indeed, only 3% of respondents believe that legislation and regulation in Tunisia represent an obstacle to the development of Islamic finance. Moreover, respondents are not very optimistic about the future role of Islamic financing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title="Islamic banking">Islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20insurance%20%28takaful%29" title=" Islamic insurance (takaful)"> Islamic insurance (takaful)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20law%20%28shariah%29" title=" Islamic law (shariah)"> Islamic law (shariah)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usury%20%28riba%29" title=" usury (riba)"> usury (riba)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6104/islamic-finance-in-tunisia-reality-and-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1113</span> Identification of Deposition Sequences of the Organic Content of Lower Albian-Cenomanian Age in Northern Tunisia: Correlation between Molecular and Stratigraphic Fossils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahani%20Hallek">Tahani Hallek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhaou%20Akrout"> Dhaou Akrout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riadh%20Ahmadi"> Riadh Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabrouk%20Montacer"> Mabrouk Montacer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work is an organic geochemical study of the Fahdene Formation outcrops at the Mahjouba region belonging to the Eastern part of the Kalaat Senan structure in northwestern Tunisia (the Kef-Tedjerouine area). The analytical study of the organic content of the samples collected, allowed us to point out that the Formation in question is characterized by an average to good oil potential. This fossilized organic matter has a mixed origin (type II and III), as indicated by the relatively high values of hydrogen index. This origin is confirmed by the C29 Steranes abundance and also by tricyclic terpanes C19/(C19+C23) and tetracyclic terpanes C24/(C24+C23) ratios, that suggest a marine environment of deposit with high plants contribution. We have demonstrated that the heterogeneity of organic matter between the marine aspect, confirmed by the presence of foraminifera, and the continental contribution, is the result of an episodic anomaly in relation to the sequential stratigraphy. Given that the study area is defined as an outer platform forming a transition zone between a stable continental domain to the south and a deep basin to the north, we have explained the continental contribution by successive forced regressions, having blocked the albian transgression, allowing the installation of the lowstand system tracts. This aspect is represented by the incised valleys filling, in direct contact with the pelagic and deep sea facies. Consequently, the Fahdene Formation, in the Kef-Tedjerouine area, consists of transgressive system tracts (TST) brutally truncated by extras of continental progradation; resulting in a mixed influence deposition having retained a heterogeneous organic material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20geochemistry" title="molecular geochemistry">molecular geochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title=" biomarkers"> biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20regression" title=" forced regression"> forced regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposit%20environment" title=" deposit environment"> deposit environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20origin" title=" mixed origin"> mixed origin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Northern%20Tunisia" title=" Northern Tunisia"> Northern Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70999/identification-of-deposition-sequences-of-the-organic-content-of-lower-albian-cenomanian-age-in-northern-tunisia-correlation-between-molecular-and-stratigraphic-fossils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1112</span> Risk Assessments of Longest Dry Spells Phenomenon in Northern Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Mathlouthi">Majid Mathlouthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fethi%20Lebdi"> Fethi Lebdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Throughout the world, the extent and magnitude of droughts have economic, social and environmental consequences. Today climate change has become more and more felt; most likely they increase the frequency and duration of droughts. An analysis by event of dry event, from series of observations of the daily rainfall is carried out. A daily precipitation threshold value has been set. A catchment localized in Northern Tunisia where the average rainfall is about 600 mm has been studied. Rainfall events are defined as an uninterrupted series of rainfall days understanding at least a day having received a precipitation superior or equal to a fixed threshold. The dry events are constituted of a series of dry days framed by two successive rainfall events. A rainfall event is a vector of coordinates the duration, the rainfall depth per event and the duration of the dry event. The depth and duration are found to be correlated. So we use conditional probabilities to analyse the depth per event. The negative binomial distribution fits well the dry event. The duration of the rainfall event follows a geometric distribution. The length of the climatically cycle adjusts to the Incomplete Gamma. Results of this analysis was used to study of the effects of climate change on water resources and crops and to calibrate precipitation models with little rainfall records. In response to long droughts in the basin, the drought management system is based on three phases during each of the three phases; different measurements are applied and executed. The first is before drought, preparedness and early warning; the second is drought management, mitigation in the event of drought; and the last subsequent drought, when the drought is over. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20spell" title="dry spell">dry spell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precipitation%20threshold" title=" precipitation threshold"> precipitation threshold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20vulnerability" title=" climate vulnerability"> climate vulnerability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation%20measures" title=" adaptation measures"> adaptation measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158071/risk-assessments-of-longest-dry-spells-phenomenon-in-northern-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1111</span> Rainfall Estimation over Northern Tunisia by Combining Meteosat Second Generation Cloud Top Temperature and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager Rain Rates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saoussen%20Dhib">Saoussen Dhib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20M.%20Mannaerts"> Chris M. Mannaerts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoubeida%20Bargaoui"> Zoubeida Bargaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20H.%20P.%20Maathuis"> Ben H. P. Maathuis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petra%20Budde"> Petra Budde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a new method to delineate rain areas in northern Tunisia is presented. The proposed approach is based on the blending of the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) infrared channel (IR) with the low-earth orbiting passive Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI). To blend this two products, we need to apply two main steps. Firstly, we have to identify the rainy pixels. This step is achieved based on a classification using MSG channel IR 10.8 and the water vapor WV 0.62, applying a threshold on the temperature difference of less than 11 Kelvin which is an approximation of the clouds that have a high likelihood of precipitation. The second step consists on fitting the relation between IR cloud top temperature with the TMI rain rates. The correlation coefficient of these two variables has a negative tendency, meaning that with decreasing temperature there is an increase in rainfall intensity. The fitting equation will be applied for the whole day of MSG 15 minutes interval images which will be summed. To validate this combined product, daily extreme rainfall events occurred during the period 2007-2009 were selected, using a threshold criterion for large rainfall depth (> 50 mm/day) occurring at least at one rainfall station. Inverse distance interpolation method was applied to generate rainfall maps for the drier summer season (from May to October) and the wet winter season (from November to April). The evaluation results of the estimated rainfall combining MSG and TMI was very encouraging where all the events were detected rainy and the correlation coefficients were much better than previous evaluated products over the study area such as MSGMPE and PERSIANN products. The combined product showed a better performance during wet season. We notice also an overestimation of the maximal estimated rain for many events. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combination" title="combination">combination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme" title=" extreme"> extreme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TMI-MSG" title=" TMI-MSG"> TMI-MSG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82855/rainfall-estimation-over-northern-tunisia-by-combining-meteosat-second-generation-cloud-top-temperature-and-tropical-rainfall-measuring-mission-microwave-imager-rain-rates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1110</span> The Potential of Renewable Energy in Tunisia and Its Impact on Economic Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assaad%20Ghazouani">Assaad Ghazouani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tunisia is ranked among the countries with low energy diversification, but this configuration makes the country too dependent on fossil fuel exporting countries and therefore extremely sensitive to any oil crises, many measures to diversify electricity production must be taken in making use of other forms of renewable and nuclear energy. One of the solutions required to escape this dependence is the liberalization of the electricity industry which can lead to an improvement of supply, energy diversification, and reducing some of the negative effects of the trade balance. This paper examines the issue of renewable electricity and economic growth in Tunisia consumption. The main objective is to study and analyze the causal link between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in Tunisia over the period 1980-2010. To examine the relationship in the short and in the long terms, we used a multidimensional approach to cointegration based on recent advances in time series econometrics (test Zivot - Andrews, Test of Cointegration Johannsen, Granger causality test, error correction model (ECM)). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20electricity" title="renewable electricity">renewable electricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VECM" title=" VECM"> VECM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cointegration" title=" cointegration"> cointegration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17220/the-potential-of-renewable-energy-in-tunisia-and-its-impact-on-economic-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">543</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1109</span> Analyzing Oil Seeps Manifestations and Petroleum Impregnation in Northwestern Tunisia From Aliphatic Biomarkers and Statistical Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sawsen%20Jarray">Sawsen Jarray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahani%20Hallek"> Tahani Hallek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabrouk%20Montacer"> Mabrouk Montacer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tectonically damaged terrain in Tunisia's Northwest is seen in the country's numerous oil leaks. Finding a genetic link between these oil seeps and the area's putative source rocks is the goal of this investigation. Here, we use aliphatic biomarkers assessed by GC-MS to describe the organic geochemical data of 18 oil seeps samples and 4 source rocks (M'Cherga, Fahdene, Bahloul, and BouDabbous). In order to establish correlations between oil and oil and oil and source rock, terpanes, hopanes, and steranes biomarkers were identified. The source rocks under study were deposited in a marine environment and were suboxic, with minor signs of continental input for the M'Cherga Formation. There is no connection between the Fahdene and Bahloul source rocks and the udied oil seeps. According to the biomarkers C27 18-22,29,30trisnorneohopane (Ts) and C27 17-22,29,30-trisnorhopane (Tm), these source rocks are mature and have reached the oil window. Regarding oil seeps, geochemical data indicate that, with the exception of four samples that showed some continental markings, the bulk of samples were deposited in an open marine environment. These most recent samples from oil seeps have a unique lithology (marl) that distinguishes them from the others (carbonate). There are two classes of oil seeps, according to statistical analysis of relationships between oil and oil and oil and source rocks. The first comprised samples that showed a positive connection with carbonate-lithological and marine-derived BouDabbous black shales. The second is a result of M'Cherga source rock and is made up of oil seeps with remnants of the terrestrial environment and a lithology with a marl trend. The Fahdene and Bahloul source rocks have no connection to the observed oil seeps. There are two different types of hydrocarbon spills depending on their link to tectonic deformations (oil seeps) and outcropping mature source rocks (oil impregnations), in addition to the existence of two generations of hydrocarbon spills in Northwest Tunisia (Lower Cretaceous/Ypresian). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum%20seeps" title="petroleum seeps">petroleum seeps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20rocks" title=" source rocks"> source rocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title=" biomarkers"> biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistic" title=" statistic"> statistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Northern%20Tunisia" title=" Northern Tunisia"> Northern Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174820/analyzing-oil-seeps-manifestations-and-petroleum-impregnation-in-northwestern-tunisia-from-aliphatic-biomarkers-and-statistical-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1108</span> Basin Geometry and Salt Structures in the Knana/Ragoubet Mahjbia Ranges, North of Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Montassar%20Ben%20Slama">Mohamed Montassar Ben Slama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Fadel%20Ladeb"> Mohamed Fadel Ladeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ghanmi"> Mohamed Ghanmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ben%20Youssef"> Mohamed Ben Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fouad%20Zargouni"> Fouad Zargouni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The salt province Basin in Northern Tunisia is a complex of late Triassic to Early Cretaceous rift and sag basins which was inverted during the Tertiary folding. The deposition of evaporitic sediments during the Late Triassic times played a major role in the subsequent tectonic evolution of the basin. Within southern tethyan passive marge, the ductile salt mass shown early mobilization, vertical transport and withdrawal of the evaporites. These movements influenced the sedimentation during the late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. The evaporites also influenced deformation during the inversion of the basin and the development of the Tertiary and Quaternary folding. In the studied area, the biostratigraphic and tectonic map analysis of the region of Jebel el Asoued / Ragoubet el Mahjbia can resolve between the hypotheses of the diapiric intrusion of the Triassic salt and the lateral spreading of the Triassic salt as salt ‘glacier’. Also the variation in thickness and facies of the Aptian sediments demonstrates the existence of continental rise architecture at the Aptian time. The observation in a mappable outcrop of the extension segment of the graben fault of Bou Arada on the one hand confirms the existence of a Cretaceous extensive architecture and the tectonic inversion during the Tertiary time has not filled the main game distension. The extent of our observations of Triassic/Aptian and Triassic/Early Campanian contacts, we propose a composite salt ‘glacier’ model as the structures recorded in the Gulf of Mexico in the subsurface and in the Ouenza east Algeria and in Tunisia within Fedj el Adoum, Touiref-Nebeur and Jebel Ech Cheid in the outcrops. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cretaceous%20rift" title="Cretaceous rift">Cretaceous rift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20%E2%80%98glassier%E2%80%99" title=" salt ‘glassier’"> salt ‘glassier’</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tertiary%20folding" title=" tertiary folding"> tertiary folding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70434/basin-geometry-and-salt-structures-in-the-knanaragoubet-mahjbia-ranges-north-of-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1107</span> Contribution of Foraminifers in Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology Interpretations of the Basal Eocene From the Phosphatic Sra Ouertaine Basin, in the Southern Tethys(Tunisia)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oum%20Elkhir%20Mahmoudi">Oum Elkhir Mahmoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nebiha%20Ben%20Haj%20Ali"> Nebiha Ben Haj Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Micropaleontological, sedimentological and statistical studies were carried out on the late Paleoceneearly Eocene succession of Sra Ouertaine and Dyr El Kef in Northern open phosphatic Basin of Tunisia. Based on the abundance and stratigraphic distribution of planktic foraminiferal species, five planktic zones have been recognized from the base to the top of the phosphatic layers. The El Acarinina sibaiyaensis Zone, the E2 Pseudohastigerina wilcoxensis Zone, the E3 Morozovella marginodentata Zone, the E4 Morozovella formosa Zones and the E5 Morozovella subbotinae Zone. The placement of Paleocene-Eocene boundary (PETM) is just below the base of the phosphatic interval. The ETM-2 event may be detectable in the analyzed biotic record of Sra Ouertaine. Based on benthic assemblages, abundances, cluster and multivariate statistical analyses, two biofacies were recognized for each section. The recognized ecozones are typical of warm and shallow water inner neritic setting (dominance of epifaunal fauna Anomalinoides, Dentalina and Cibicidoides associated with Frondicularia phosphatica, Trochamminoides globigeriniformis and Eponides elevatus). The paleoenvironment is eutrophic (presence of several bolivinitids and verneuilinids). For the Dyr El Kef section and P5 and E2 of Sra Ouertaine section, our records indicate that paleoenvironment is influenced by coastal upwelling without oxygen-deficiency, the paleodepth is estimated to be around 50 m. The paleoecosystem is diversified and balanced with a general tendency to stressed condition. While the upper part of Sra Ouertaine section is more eutrophic, influenced by coastal upwelling with oxygen-deficiency, the paleodepth is estimated to be less than 50 m and the ecosystem is unsettled. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20Eocene" title=" early Eocene"> early Eocene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foraminifera" title=" foraminifera"> foraminifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronostratigraphy" title=" chronostratigraphy"> chronostratigraphy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191696/contribution-of-foraminifers-in-biostratigraphy-and-paleoecology-interpretations-of-the-basal-eocene-from-the-phosphatic-sra-ouertaine-basin-in-the-southern-tethystunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">27</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1106</span> Contribution of Foraminifers in Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology Interpretations of the Basal Eocene from the Phosphatic Sra Ouertaine Basin, in the Southern Tethys(Tunisia)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oum%20Elkhir%20Mahmoudi">Oum Elkhir Mahmoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nebiha%20Ben%20Haj%20Ali"> Nebiha Ben Haj Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Micropaleontological, sedimentological and statistical studies were carried out on the late Paleocene-early Eocene succession of Sra Ouertaine and Dyr El Kef in Northern open phosphatic Basin of Tunisia. Based on the abundance and stratigraphic distribution of planktic foraminiferal species, five planktic zones have been recognized from the base to the top of the phosphatic layers. The El Acarinina sibaiyaensis Zone, the E2 Pseudohastigerina wilcoxensis Zone, the E3 Morozovella marginodentata Zone, the E4 Morozovella formosa Zones and the E5 Morozovella subbotinae Zone. The placement of Paleocene-Eocene boundary (PETM) is just below the base of the phosphatic interval. The ETM-2 event may be detectable in the analyzed biotic record of Sra Ouertaine. Based on benthic assemblages, abundances, cluster and multivariate statistical analyses, two biofacies were recognized for each section. The recognized ecozones are typical of warm and shallow water inner neritic setting (dominance of epifaunal fauna Anomalinoides, Dentalina and Cibicidoides associated with Frondicularia phosphatica, Trochamminoides globigeriniformis and Eponides elevatus). The paleoenvironment is eutrophic (presence of several bolivinitids and verneuilinids). For the Dyr El Kef section and P5 and E2 of Sra Ouertaine section, our records indicate that paleoenvironment is influenced by coastal upwelling without oxygen-deficiency, the paleodepth is estimated to be around 50 m. The paleoecosystem is diversified and balanced with a general tendency to stressed condition. While the upper part of Sra Ouertaine section is more eutrophic, influenced by coastal upwelling with oxygen-deficiency, the paleodepth is estimated to be less than 50 m and the ecosystem is unsettled. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sra%20ouertaine%20Dyr%20el%20kef" title=" Sra ouertaine Dyr el kef"> Sra ouertaine Dyr el kef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20Eocene" title=" early Eocene"> early Eocene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foraminifera" title=" foraminifera"> foraminifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronostratigraphy" title=" chronostratigraphy"> chronostratigraphy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paleoecology" title=" paleoecology"> paleoecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paleoenvironment" title=" paleoenvironment"> paleoenvironment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185923/contribution-of-foraminifers-in-biostratigraphy-and-paleoecology-interpretations-of-the-basal-eocene-from-the-phosphatic-sra-ouertaine-basin-in-the-southern-tethystunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1105</span> Seismic Reflection Highlights of New Miocene Deep Aquifers in Eastern Tunisia Basin (North Africa)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mourad%20B%C3%A9dir">Mourad Bédir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sami%20Khomsi"> Sami Khomsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakim%20Gabtni"> Hakim Gabtni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajer%20Azaiez"> Hajer Azaiez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramzi%20Gharsalli"> Ramzi Gharsalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riadh%20Chebbi"> Riadh Chebbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Eastern Tunisia is a semi-arid area; located in the northern Africa plate; southern Mediterranean side. It is facing water scarcity, overexploitation, and decreasing of water quality of phreatic water table. Water supply and storage will not respond to the demographic and economic growth and demand. In addition, only 5 109 m3 of rainwater from 35 109 m3 per year renewable rain water supply can be retained and remobilized. To remediate this water deficiency, researches had been focused to near new subsurface deep aquifers resources. Among them, Upper Miocene sandstone deposits of Béglia, Saouaf, and Somaa Formations. These sandstones are known for their proven Hydrogeologic and hydrocarbon reservoir characteristics in the Tunisian margin. They represent semi-confined to confined aquifers. This work is based on new integrated approaches of seismic stratigraphy, seismic tectonics, and hydrogeology, to highlight and characterize these reservoirs levels for aquifer exploitation in semi-arid area. As a result, five to six third order sequence deposits had been highlighted. They are composed of multi-layered extended sandstones reservoirs; separated by shales packages. These reservoir deposits represent lowstand and highstand system tracts of these sequences, which represent lowstand and highstand system tracts of these sequences. They constitute important strategic water resources volumes for the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hydrogeology" title=" Hydrogeology"> Hydrogeology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandstones" title=" sandstones"> sandstones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basin" title=" basin"> basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic" title=" seismic"> seismic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquifers" title=" aquifers"> aquifers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142805/seismic-reflection-highlights-of-new-miocene-deep-aquifers-in-eastern-tunisia-basin-north-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1104</span> Investment Adjustments to Exchange Rate Fluctuations Evidence from Manufacturing Firms in Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mourad%20Zmami%20Oussema%20BenSalha">Mourad Zmami Oussema BenSalha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current research aims to assess empirically the reaction of private investment to exchange rate fluctuations in Tunisia using a sample of 548 firms operating in manufacturing industries between 1997 and 2002. The micro-econometric model we estimate is based on an accelerator-profit specification investment model increased by two variables that measure the variation and the volatility of exchange rates. Estimates using the system the GMM method reveal that the effects of the exchange rate depreciation on investment are negative since it increases the cost of imported capital goods. Turning to the exchange rate volatility, as measured by the GARCH (1,1) model, our findings assign a significant role to the exchange rate uncertainty in explaining the sluggishness of private investment in Tunisia in the full sample of firms. Other estimation attempts based on various sub samples indicate that the elasticities of investment relative to the exchange rate volatility depend upon many firms’ specific characteristics such as the size and the ownership structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investment" title="investment">investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20rate%20volatility" title=" exchange rate volatility"> exchange rate volatility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing%20firms" title=" manufacturing firms"> manufacturing firms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20GMM" title=" system GMM"> system GMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27680/investment-adjustments-to-exchange-rate-fluctuations-evidence-from-manufacturing-firms-in-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1103</span> Infection of Phlebotomus Sergenti with Leishmania Tropica in a Classical Focus of Leishmania Major in Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaouther%20Jaouadi">Kaouther Jaouadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihene%20Bettaieb"> Jihene Bettaieb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Bennour"> Amira Bennour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghassen%20Kharroubi"> Ghassen Kharroubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadok%20Salem"> Sadok Salem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afif%20Ben%20Salah"> Afif Ben Salah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Tunisia, chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (L) tropica is an important health problem. Its spreading has not been fully elucidated. Information on sandfly vectors, as well as their associated Leishmania species, is of paramount importance since vector dispersion is one of the major factors responsible for pathogen dissemination. In total, 650 sandflies were captured between June and August 2015 using sticky paper traps in the governorate of Sidi Bouzid, a classical focus of L. major in the Central-West of Tunisia. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 and sequencing were used for Leishmania detection and identification. Ninety-seven unfed females were tested for the presence of Leishmania parasite DNA. Six Phlebotomus sergenti were found positive for L. tropica. This finding enhances the understanding of the cycle extension of L. tropica outside its original focus of Tataouine in the South-East of the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutaneous%20leishmaniasis" title="cutaneous leishmaniasis">cutaneous leishmaniasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leishmania%20tropica" title=" Leishmania tropica"> Leishmania tropica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandflies" title=" sandflies"> sandflies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127947/infection-of-phlebotomus-sergenti-with-leishmania-tropica-in-a-classical-focus-of-leishmania-major-in-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1102</span> Comparative Study of Traditional Old and Recent Clay Bricks in the Southwest of Tunisia: Chemical, Mineralogical and Physical Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Majouri">N. Majouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Sghaier"> J. Sghaier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20El%20Mankibi"> M. El Mankibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The history of brick manufacturing in south-west Tunisia dates back 1000 years. Most of the bricks are made at local workshops near to the clay supply site. This experimental study aims at studying and comparing the chemical, mineralogical and physical characterization of ancient and recent clay bricks in south-western Tunisia. This was done by collecting a large sample of clay brick specimens from four sites. There was much variability in the properties. The results revealed that there is a difference of up to 50% between old and new bricks; in chemical composition, mineralogy composition and porosity, which are much lower in recent clay bricks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20bricks" title="clay bricks">clay bricks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20properties" title=" chemical properties"> chemical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralogical%20properties" title=" mineralogical properties"> mineralogical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20properties" title=" physical properties"> physical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165401/comparative-study-of-traditional-old-and-recent-clay-bricks-in-the-southwest-of-tunisia-chemical-mineralogical-and-physical-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1101</span> Potential Ecological Risk Index of the Northern Egyptian Lagoons, South of Mediterranean Sea, Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20El-Bady">Mohamed El-Bady</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Northern Egyptian Lagoons are (from east to west) Bardawil Lagoon, Manzala Lagoon, Burullus Lagoon, Edku Lagoons and Mariute Lagoon. These lagoons have been received the bulk of drainage water from the lands of Delta and from the other coastal areas. Where, the heavy metals can occur in Lagoons environments through a variety of sources, including industries, wastewaters and domestic effluents. The potential ecological risk index (RI) calculation of the bottom sediments of the northern lagoons depends on contamination factor (CF), potential ecological risk factor and proposed toxic response factor (Tr). Each lagoon with special indices according to its conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Northern%20Lagoons" title="Northern Lagoons">Northern Lagoons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nile%20Delta" title=" Nile Delta"> Nile Delta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20risk%20index" title=" ecological risk index"> ecological risk index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination%20factor" title=" contamination factor"> contamination factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48031/potential-ecological-risk-index-of-the-northern-egyptian-lagoons-south-of-mediterranean-sea-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1100</span> Remittances, Unemployement and Demographic Changes between Tunisia and Europe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajer%20Habib">Hajer Habib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazi%20Boulila"> Ghazi Boulila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this paper is to present our contribution to the theoretical literature through a simple theoretical model dealing with the effect of transferring funds on the labor market of the countries of origin and on the other hand to test this relationship empirically in the case of Tunisia. The methodology used consists of estimating a panel of the nine main destinations of the Tunisian diaspora in Europe between 1994 and 2014 in order to better value the net effect of these migratory financial flows on unemployment through population growth. The empirical results show that the main factors explaining the decision to emigrate are the economic factors related mainly to the income differential, the demographic factors related to the differential age structure of the origin and host populations, and the cultural factors linked basically to the mastery of the language. Indeed, the stock of migrants is one of the main determinants of the transfer of migratory funds to Tunisia. But there are other variables that do not lack importance such as the economic conditions linked by the host countries. This shows that Tunisian migrants react more to economic conditions in European countries than in Tunisia. The economic situation of European countries dominates the numbers of emigrants as an explanatory factor for the amount of transfers from Tunisian emigrants to their country of origin. Similarly, it is clear that there is an indirect effect of transfers on unemployment in Tunisia. This suggests that the demographic transition conditions the effects of transferring funds on the level of unemployment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demographic%20changes" title="demographic changes">demographic changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20migration" title=" international migration"> international migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20market" title=" labor market"> labor market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remittances" title=" remittances"> remittances</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100738/remittances-unemployement-and-demographic-changes-between-tunisia-and-europe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100738.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1099</span> Geophysical Contribution to Reveal the Subsurface Structural Setting Using Gravity, Seismic and Seismological Data in the Chott Belts, Southern Atlas of Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesrine%20Frifita">Nesrine Frifita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Gharbi"> Mohamed Gharbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Mickus"> Kevin Mickus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Physical methods based on gravity, seismic and seismological data were adopted to clarify the relationship between the distribution of seismicity and the crustal deformations under the chott belts and surrounding regions, in southern atlas of Tunisia. Gafsa and its surrounding were described as a moderate seismic zone, and the fault of Gafsa is one of most seismically active faults in Tunisia in general, and in the southern Atlas in particularly. The present work aims to prove a logical relationship between the distribution of seismicity and deformations which strongly related to thickness and density variations within the basement and sedimentary cover along the study area, through several physical methods; gravity, seismic and seismological data were interpreted to calculate physical propriety of the subsurface rocks, the depth and geometry of active faults and causatives bodies. Findings show that depths variation and mixed thin and thick skinned structural style characterizing the chott belts explain the moderate seismicity in the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20fields" title="potential fields">potential fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismicity" title=" seismicity"> seismicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Southern%20Atlas" title=" Southern Atlas"> Southern Atlas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128546/geophysical-contribution-to-reveal-the-subsurface-structural-setting-using-gravity-seismic-and-seismological-data-in-the-chott-belts-southern-atlas-of-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1098</span> An Integrated Planning Framework for Sustainable Tourism: Case Study of Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Halioui">S. Halioui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Arikan"> I. Arikan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Schmidt"> M. Schmidt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tourism sector in Tunisia faces several problems that range from economic challenges to environmental degradation and social instability. These problems have been intensified because of the increased competition in the tourism market, the political instability, financial crises, and recently terrorism problems have aggravated the situation. As a consequence, a new framework that promotes sustainable tourism in the country and increases its competitiveness is urgently needed. Planning for sustainable tourism sector requires the integration of complex interactions between economic, social and environmental aspects. Sustainable tourism principles can be implemented with the help of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) process, which ensures the full integration of economic, social and environmental considerations while planning for the tourism sector in Tunisia. Results of the paper have broad implications for policy makers and tourism professionals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20tourism" title="sustainable tourism">sustainable tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20environmental%20assessment" title=" strategic environmental assessment"> strategic environmental assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20planning" title=" tourism planning"> tourism planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59138/an-integrated-planning-framework-for-sustainable-tourism-case-study-of-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1097</span> Zooplankton Health Status Monitoring in Bir Mcherga Dam (Tunisia)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabria%20Barka">Sabria Barka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imen%20Gdara"> Imen Gdara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zouhour%20Ouan%C3%A8s"> Zouhour Ouanès</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samia%20Mouelhi"> Samia Mouelhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monia%20El%20Bour"> Monia El Bour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amel%20Hamza-Chaffai"> Amel Hamza-Chaffai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Because dams are large semi-closed reservoirs of pollutants originating from numerous anthropogenic activities, they represent a threat to aquatic life and they should be monitored. The present work aims to use freshwater zooplankton (Copepods and Cladocerans) in order to evaluate the environmental health status of Bir M'cherga dam in Tunisia. Animals were collected in situ monthly between October and August. Genotoxicity (micronucleus test), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase, AChE) and oxidative stress (catalase, CAT and malondialdehyde, MDA) biomarkers were analyzed in zooplankton. High frequencies of micronucleus were observed in zooplankton cells during summer. AChE activities were inhibited during early winter and summer. CAT and MDA biomarker levels showed high seasonal variability, suggesting that animals are permanently exposed to multiple oxidative stress. The results of this study suggest that the Bir Mcherga dam is subject to continuous multi-origin stress, probably amplified by abiotic parameters. It is then recommended to urgently monitor freshwater environments in Tunisia, especially those used for irrigation and consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biomonitoring" title="Biomonitoring">Biomonitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bir%20Mcherga%20Dam" title=" Bir Mcherga Dam"> Bir Mcherga Dam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cladocerans" title=" cladocerans"> cladocerans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copepods" title=" copepods"> copepods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freshwater%20zooplankton" title=" freshwater zooplankton"> freshwater zooplankton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotoxicity" title=" genotoxicity"> genotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurotoxicity" title=" neurotoxicity"> neurotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20stress" title=" oxidative stress"> oxidative stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171979/zooplankton-health-status-monitoring-in-bir-mcherga-dam-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1096</span> Spatial Occupation of the Wild Boar 'Sus Scrofa Algirus' in the Oasis of Southern Tunisia: The Continental Oasis of Kebili and the Coastal Oasis of Gabes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghandri%20Aida">Ghandri Aida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wild boar ‘Sus scrofa algirus’ is an invasive species that has a significant invasive potential allowing it to colonize the agroecosystems of southern Tunisia. In fact, these agroecosystems contain sites with high tranquility-refuge value (refuge zones) which are very attractive for this Suidae thanks to the very dense vegetation (reed beds on the outskirts of the oases and the border areas of the wadis and chotts) and the almost impenetrability for man. When this species is present in abundance, it could cause severe ecological and socio-economic damage. The present work aims to analyze the spatial distribution of this species in the oases of southern Tunisia, namely the coastal oases of Gabès and the continental oases of Kébili, using GLMMs (generalized linear mixed models). In particular, it aims to evaluate the influence of certain landscape factors and vegetation on the occurrence of this harmful species. Our results suggest that the spatial occupancy of wild boar in Tunisian oases essentially depends on proximity to the nearest roads as a repelling factor as well as irrigation, the proportion of cereal cultivation and proximity to areas of refuge as attractive factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sus%20scrofa%20algirus" title="sus scrofa algirus">sus scrofa algirus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occurence" title=" occurence"> occurence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GLMM" title=" GLMM"> GLMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oasis%20of%20southern%20tunisia" title=" oasis of southern tunisia"> oasis of southern tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195002/spatial-occupation-of-the-wild-boar-sus-scrofa-algirus-in-the-oasis-of-southern-tunisia-the-continental-oasis-of-kebili-and-the-coastal-oasis-of-gabes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20Tunisia&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20Tunisia&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20Tunisia&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20Tunisia&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20Tunisia&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20Tunisia&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20Tunisia&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20Tunisia&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20Tunisia&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li 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