Securing the solar grid — addressing the major threats to PV infrastructure

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menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent jet-nav__item-78610 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/category/features/featured-articles/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Featured Articles</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent jet-nav__item-78611 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/category/features/long-reads/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Long Reads</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-special-reports jet-nav__item-87993 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/special-reports/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span 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class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">On-Demand Webinars</span></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="jet-nav__mobile-close-btn jet-blocks-icon"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-times"></i></div></div></div></nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ab3748e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="ab3748e" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"6d598f1","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c90aac1" data-id="c90aac1" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2999fe2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-28998 elementor-widget-html" data-id="2999fe2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="html.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container">  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1428579833345-0' class='gam-adslot-header'> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function() {googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1428579833345-0');}); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-elementor-type="single-post" data-elementor-id="1361" class="elementor elementor-1361 elementor-location-single post-145048 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured-articles category-features category-long-reads tag-china tag-cyber-security tag-cybersecurity tag-digitalisation tag-grid-infrastructure tag-inverter paywall-tags-premium regions-africa-middle-east regions-americas regions-asia-oceania regions-europe industry-segments-inverters industry-segments-new-technology industry-segments-operations-maintenance industry-segments-power-plants" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-510fd0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="510fd0e" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"24f6673","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-67e85e8" data-id="67e85e8" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e75d93a elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-terms" data-id="e75d93a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-terms.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-terms"><span class="jet-listing-dynamic-terms__link">Premium</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-af9dc3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-terms" data-id="af9dc3a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-terms.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-terms"><a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/category/features/" class="jet-listing-dynamic-terms__link">Features</a><span class="jet-listing-dynamic-terms__delimiter">,</span> <a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/category/features/featured-articles/" class="jet-listing-dynamic-terms__link">Featured Articles</a><span class="jet-listing-dynamic-terms__delimiter">,</span> <a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/category/features/long-reads/" class="jet-listing-dynamic-terms__link">Long Reads</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-331588e elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="331588e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Securing the solar grid — addressing the major threats to PV infrastructure</h1> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ab9190b jedv-enabled--yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-field" data-id="ab9190b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-field.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-field display-inline"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__inline-wrap"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__content">By William Noto of Claroty</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e3e4891 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-meta" data-id="e3e4891" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-meta.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-meta meta-layout-inline"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-meta__date jet-listing-dynamic-meta__item"><span class="jet-listing-dynamic-meta__item-val"><time datetime="2024-10-21T17:09:46+00:00">October 21, 2024</time></span></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-abc189c elementor-widget 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data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"291e5ab","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b8f886" data-id="1b8f886" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fa336bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fa336bf" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/a-combination-of-cfds-and-ppas-can-deliver-acceptable-returns-eastern-european-solar/">A combination of CfDs and PPAs can deliver ‘acceptable’ returns for Eastern European solar</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6783d50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-terms" data-id="6783d50" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-terms.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing 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elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b8f886" data-id="1b8f886" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fa336bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fa336bf" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/maxeon-to-focus-on-us-market-sells-non-us-assets-to-parent-company-tcl-group/">Maxeon to focus on US market, sells non-US assets to parent company TCL Group</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6783d50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-terms" data-id="6783d50" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-terms.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-terms"><span 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data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"291e5ab","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 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class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="wpwp-non-paywall"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img fetchpriority="high" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="645" src="https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/CentralITAlliance-1024x645.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-145061" srcset="https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/CentralITAlliance-1024x645.jpeg 1024w, https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/CentralITAlliance-300x189.jpeg 300w, https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/CentralITAlliance-768x483.jpeg 768w, https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/CentralITAlliance.jpeg 1163w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">PV projects, like most energy infrastructure, are at a growing risk of being targeted in cyberattacks. Image: CentralITAlliance.</figcaption></figure> <p>The growing number of solar power plants makes them an increasingly tempting target for cybercriminals. William Noto of cybersecurity firm Claroty looks at the main areas of vulnerability and how the industry can best prepare itself against the growing threat.</p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> <p></p></div><div class="wkwp-paywall"><div class="wkwp-paywall-block"><div class="subscription-requirements">This article requires <span class="paywall-tag premium">Premium Subscription</span><span class="paywall-tag none">Basic (FREE) Subscription</span></div> <h2>Unlock unlimited access for 12 whole months of distinctive global analysis</h2> <h4>Photovoltaics International is now included.</h4> <div class="wkwp-cta-wrapper"> <a href="#" class="wkwp-button primary subscribe-premium wk-call wk–plans">Subscribe to Premium</a> </div> <ul class="benefits"> <li><span class="icon"><i class="fas fa-check" aria-hidden="true"></i></span><span class="text">Regular insight and analysis of the industry’s biggest developments</span></li> <li><span class="icon"><i class="fas fa-check" aria-hidden="true"></i></span><span class="text">In-depth interviews with the industry’s leading figures</span></li> <li><span class="icon"><i class="fas fa-check" aria-hidden="true"></i></span><span class="text">Unlimited digital access to the PV Tech Power journal catalogue</span></li> <li><span class="icon"><i class="fas fa-check" aria-hidden="true"></i></span><span class="text">Unlimited digital access to the Photovoltaics International journal catalogue</span></li> <li><span class="icon"><i class="fas fa-check" aria-hidden="true"></i></span><span class="text">Access to more than 1,000 technical papers</span></li> <li><span class="icon"><i class="fas fa-check" aria-hidden="true"></i></span><span class="text">Discounts on Solar Media’s portfolio of events, in-person and virtual</span></li> </ul> <div class="wkwp-cta-wrapper view-details"> <a href="/premium/" class="wkwp-link" target="_BLANK">View all benefits & pricing</a> </div> <div class="register-nudge wk-call-status-user paywall-tag none" data-wk-call-status-user="guest"> <h3>Or continue reading this article for free</h3> <div class="wkwp-cta-wrapper"> <a href="#" class="wkwp-button secondary subscribe-basic wk-call wk–plans">Subscribe to Basic (FREE)</a> </div> </div></div><div class="wkwp-content-inner wkwp-content-blured"> <p>The energy sector has emerged as an increasingly vulnerable target for cyberattacks, with a growing number of high-profile cases around the world in the last few years.</p> <p>As the world steadily transitions to renewable power, the solar industry is also in the firing line. It’s estimated that solar may be the single largest source of energy by 2030, so while there have been no significant attacks on PV technology yet, it will be increasingly tempting to threat actors. The field shares the same vulnerabilities as the wider energy sector and some unique issues that leave it at risk.</p> <p>Leading trade body SolarPower Europe recently published a paper [1] highlighting the risks and calling for more solar-specific security strategies to mitigate the damage. In the UK, concerns have been raised about security threats emerging with the move towards green energy.</p> <p>Here we discuss the most likely paths of attack on PV technology, the impact of a serious incident, and what the industry can do to harden its defences against a growing threat.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-are-the-leading-cyber-threats-facing-pv"><strong>What are the leading cyber threats facing PV?</strong></h2> <p>Power generation and distribution are highly susceptible to disruptive attacks such as ransomware due to the dire consequences of a serious outage. This puts the sector in the sights of both criminal gangs looking to extort payments and nation-state actors looking to sow discord. The ransomware group BlackCat has been involved in a string of incidents including energy supplier Encevo and the German energy agency.</p> <p>Industry heads and political leaders alike have also reported an increasing number of attacks since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war [2].</p> <p>While some groups are motivated by corporate espionage, aiming to break into the system and steal valuable IP, most perpetrators aim to deliver widespread disruption, affecting a large number of people with impacted supply and/or prolonged blackouts.</p> <p>As such, attacks on PV technology will almost certainly be on a utility-scale level. While residential installations are more vulnerable, their highly distributed nature means any attack will have a lower impact on the function of the overall grid.</p> <p>The distributed nature of utility-scale PV also makes it an attractive target. A PV grid will typically involve a larger number of smaller sites that have little physical security, compared to a single centralised traditional power generation plant. Breaching one inverter will potentially enable an attacker to “swim upstream” and reach other inverters or even separate facilities on the same network.</p> <p>Alongside maximising the impact of their strike, threat groups will also aim to find the path of least resistance into their target system. Systems as large and complex as energy infrastructure are naturally rife with overlooked weaknesses that can be exploited for ready system access. Unpatched software vulnerabilities and gaps in access controls are readily exploited by threat actors.</p> <blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"> <p><em>“Breaching one inverter will potentially enable an attacker to ‘swim upstream’ and reach other inverters or even separate facilities on the same network”</em></p> </blockquote> <p>The heavy reliance on cyber-physical systems (CPS) is another major security challenge. operational technology (OT) systems that control the physical environment are increasingly interconnected with traditional IT networks.</p> <p>While this has enabled several advantages in automation and remote connectivity, it also exposes critical assets to cyber threats they were not designed for. Further, standard security tools are rarely compatible with OT systems, leading to gaps in security processes and blind spots in threat monitoring.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-inverters-are-a-prime-target"><strong>Why inverters are a prime target</strong></h2> <p>The inverter is one of the main targets for attackers exploiting CPS. A recent report by the European Solar Manufacturing Council (ESMC) on sustainability and resilience in solar highlighted the inverter as a primary cyber target, labelling it “the heart and brain of the PV system” [3].</p> <p>With most critical functions for the system being controlled from the inverter, it’s a priority target for malicious actors looking to wreak havoc with unauthorised shutdown or discharge commands that will interrupt supply.</p> <p>As with many other elements of the power grid, the greatest challenge in securing inverters is that they have been around for quite a long time and were generally not originally designed with strong cybersecurity in mind.</p> <p>The industry has undergone rapid digitalisation in recent years, resulting in critical systems being connected to the cloud that were not designed to withstand attacks originating online.</p> <p>Most of these systems lack basic cybersecurity controls and blindly follow the commands sent to them without confirming that the sender is authorised.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="683" src="https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Inverters-are-a-key-target-for-cyber-attacks-1024x683.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-145062" srcset="https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Inverters-are-a-key-target-for-cyber-attacks-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Inverters-are-a-key-target-for-cyber-attacks-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Inverters-are-a-key-target-for-cyber-attacks-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Inverters-are-a-key-target-for-cyber-attacks.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Inverters are a key target for potential attackers. Image: BayWa r.e.</figcaption></figure> <p>Furthermore, it’s common to find inverters using either very basic VPN encryption or simply lacking encryption altogether. As such, malicious actors are able to breach the plant’s VPN system and will likely gain ready access to every inverter on the network.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-threat-actors-execute-their-attacks"><strong>How threat actors execute their attacks</strong></h2> <p>For all the unique factors in PV infrastructure, an attack on the solar grid will likely begin with the same common tactics seen in most incidents. Attackers will usually aim to use stolen user credentials to access the network – Verizon’s annual Data Breach Investigations Report (DBIR) found that stolen credentials were still the most common way of executing a breach in 2023 [4].</p> <p>Unless there are effective identity and access controls in place, simply possessing the right username/password combination will often be enough to grant a threat actor full system access.</p> <p>Spear phishing is one of the most effective techniques for harvesting these credentials. Posing as a trusted contact such as IT support or an official system request asking to confirm login details are some of the most common tactics. Threat actors will either launch a phishing campaign themselves, or purchase cred sets stolen by other criminal groups over the dark web.</p> <p>Once user credentials have been acquired, the attacker will seek to increase their access rights and achieve lateral movement through the network to reach critical systems and data. Again, if there are weak access controls and monitoring capabilities in place, there’s a good chance they will be able to move through the system undetected at this point.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-attacks-can-lead-to-disruption-and-blackouts"><strong>How attacks can lead to disruption and blackouts</strong></h2> <p>With access unlocked, the most direct path to disrupting the grid is to simply send a shutdown command using the native protocols of the inverter. To really pour the pressure on the target, the attacker might swiftly follow this up with a ransomware attack.</p> <p>SCADA systems, engineering workstations, human-machine interfaces (HMIs) and ICS historians associated with the system would be some of the readiest targets here, resulting in a widespread system lockdown that grinds operations to a halt.</p> <p>To really maximise the damage, we often see this kind of attack accompanied with wiper commands that would make it very difficult, potentially impossible, to remotely restore systems from backups. This will cause impacts such as interrupted power supplies to take much more time to fix. Threat actors backed by nation states will be aiming for as much disruption as possible, while criminal groups will seek to add more pressure to increase the chances of the victim paying their ransom demand.</p> <p>The globalised nature of the PV supply chain is another potential risk factor. The recent report from the ESMC highlights Europe’s over-reliance on Chinese manufactured PV inverters and other components as a potential weak link, with an estimated 80% of all currently installed inverters in the EU being made in China.</p> <p>Due to China’s National Intelligence Services Laws, organisations and citizens are required to provide any assistance required by the state—potentially including sensitive data and system access. The ESMC speculates that in a worst-case scenario of escalated international tensions, the Chinese government could potentially orchestrate mass blackouts through Chinese-supplied inverters. The report recommends prioritising Europe-made infrastructure to reduce the risk.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-defence-starts-with-understanding"><strong>Defence starts with understanding</strong></h2> <p>While the complexities of PV infrastructure make it challenging to secure against cyber threats, there are several steps that operators can take to improve their resilience against attack and mitigate the impact on their supply.</p> <p>The first step is to have a strong inventory of the entire network environment. There needs to be an accurate overview of all assets, how they connect and how they are accessed. Without this knowledge, it is impossible to effectively move forward with security controls. Due to the fact standard IT and security tools are rarely compatible with OT systems, a full inventory requires specialist solutions built explicitly for interfacing with CPS and OT assets.</p> <p>Once a full and accurate inventory has been completed, it can be leveraged to understand the key risk exposures. This knowledge will help to structure and prioritise security efforts to protect the most critical assets first.</p> <p>This will help to facilitate an exposure management strategy, locating points where the system is exposed to external threats, or where internal assets can be exploited in an attack. Again, this needs to accommodate the physical side of the PV infrastructure and account for how it connects to digital systems that in turn can be accessed online.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-dealing-with-vulnerabilities-and-system-access-are-fundamental"><strong>Dealing with vulnerabilities and system access are fundamental</strong></h2> <p>Good patch management is one of the most fundamental but often overlooked priorities. Over 21,000 critical vulnerabilities have been reported this year alone [5], and security and IT teams must have a handle on which are the most critical issues in need of urgent patching. The patching plan must also account for physical systems that have not necessarily been designed with security in mind.</p> <p>Gaining firm control of system access should be high on the agenda. This includes deploying a mature remote access solution designed for CPS environments so that only authorised individuals may access the system remotely. Alongside this, identity and access control measures are essential.</p> <p>Following a least privilege approach will ensure that authorised users only have access to systems that are essential for their jobs.</p> <p>Crucially, these controls need to cover the points where IT and OT cross over. This interconnectivity often ends up being a blind spot that gives threat actors the opportunity to evade security controls.</p> <p>It’s also important to have threat detection and monitoring tools that are built specifically for CPS. This will enable security teams to gain visibility of any potential threat activity and respond quickly before an attack can escalate, even if attackers are exploiting the complexity of the CPS environment.</p> <p>Finally, it’s essential to have a strong backup in place. A system’s restore capability needs to be regularly tested to ensure it’s up to the task of getting the lights back on quickly in a crisis. As noted, cybercriminals will usually seek to encrypt or wipe backups if they can access them. As such, backups should ideally be safely offsite or otherwise disconnected from the main systems to keep them out of harm’s way.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-seek-out-frameworks-to-guide-the-security-roadmap"><strong>Seek out frameworks to guide the security roadmap</strong></h2> <p>With the daunting size and scope of a comprehensive strategy, PV operators should also seek to follow standards and frameworks that are applicable in their region. This will help to provide more structure to activity.</p> <p>As noted by the SolarPower Europe report [1], there is currently a lack of frameworks designed specifically with PV technology in mind. In the meantime, broader energy frameworks will address most PV security issues effectively. Ideally, these frameworks should be seen as a baseline for security, and PV operators should take a proactive stance in further improving their defences.</p> <p>For companies operating in the EU, the forthcoming NIS2 directive [6] includes the broader energy sector as a critical industry, requiring mandatory controls centred on risk assessment and visibility. The European Commission EC has also published guidance on energy security [7], as has the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Agency (CISA) in the US [8].</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-preparing-for-a-hostile-future"><strong>Preparing for a hostile future</strong></h2> <p>Looking ahead, heightened international tensions and emboldened criminal gangs mean that the energy sector is set to remain highly vulnerable to cyberattacks. As solar continues to grow in prominence and scale, it will be increasingly exposed to malicious actors.</p> <p>We’re also seeing rapid shifts in technology that are further complicating the threat landscape. The rapid pace of AI is one of the most influential developments, with threat actors using the technology to automate both their social engineering attacks on personnel and digital attacks on infrastructure.</p> <p>Operators will need to be increasingly on guard about spear phishing and ensure personnel are trained to recognise the most common techniques.</p> <p>Similarly, security teams will need to move even faster to spot and stop more automated attacks. The good news is that AI is also aiding with faster and more accurate security solutions.</p> <p>While the complexities of CPS-heavy infrastructure mean PV technology is a challenge to secure, the risk can be mitigated with a comprehensive strategy adapted to its unique needs. Combining standard IT security measures like patching and access controls with specialist OT security will help see off attackers intent on putting out the lights.</p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> <p></p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-references">References</h2> <p>[1] ‘Setting a harmonised cybersecurity baseline for solar PV’, SolarPower Europe position paper, July 2024 <a href="https://www.solarpowereurope.org/advocacy/position-papers/setting-a-harmonised-cybersecurity-baseline-for-solar-pv">https://www.solarpowereurope.org/advocacy/position-papers/setting-a-harmonised-cybersecurity-baseline-for-solar-pv</a></p> <p>[2] ‘Europe’s grid is under a cyberattack deluge, industry warns’, Politico, November 2023 <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/energy-power-europe-grid-is-under-a-cyberattack-deluge-industry-warns/">https://www.politico.eu/article/energy-power-europe-grid-is-under-a-cyberattack-deluge-industry-warns/</a></p> <p>[3] ‘Implementation of the NZIA: Recommendations for resilience, sustainability, and social criteria’, European Solar Manufacturing Council, May 2024, <a href="https://esmc.solar/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-05-17-Implementation-of-the-NZIA-Proposition-for-sustainability-social-and-resilience-criteria.pdf">https://esmc.solar/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-05-17-Implementation-of-the-NZIA-Proposition-for-sustainability-social-and-resilience-criteria.pdf</a></p> <p>[4] ‘2024 Data Breach Investigations Report’, Verizon Business <a href="https://www.verizon.com/business/en-gb/resources/reports/dbir/">https://www.verizon.com/business/en-gb/resources/reports/dbir/</a></p> <p>[5] National Vulnerability Database, US Department of Commerce <a href="https://nvd.nist.gov/general/nvd-dashboard">https://nvd.nist.gov/general/nvd-dashboard</a></p> <p>[6] Directive on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity across the Union (NIS2 Directive), <a href="https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/nis2-directive">https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/nis2-directive</a></p> <p>[7] <a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-security/critical-infrastructure-and-cybersecurity_en">https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-security/critical-infrastructure-and-cybersecurity_en</a></p> <p>[8] <a href="https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/nipp-ssp-energy-2015-508.pdf">https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/nipp-ssp-energy-2015-508.pdf</a></p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> <p></p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-author">Author</h2> <p>William Noto is the vice president, industry principal at Claroty where he specialises in OT and cyber physical system (CPS) security, alongside edge computing, IIOT, ICS and renewables. He is an experienced executive with a demonstrated track record spanning product marketing, product management, sales, software development and technology architecture.</p> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8db6a52 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="8db6a52" data-element_type="widget" id="pelcro-subscribe-to-access-button" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button pelcro-subscribe-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-xs" href="#" rel="nofollow"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Subscribe to PV Tech Premium to Access</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e0f953d elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-terms" data-id="e0f953d" data-element_type="widget" 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class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf529fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cf529fb" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"291e5ab","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fff57e3" data-id="fff57e3" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-98c96cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="98c96cb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/can-india-hit-80gw-solar-cell-capacity-2026-emerge-dominant-us-supplier/"> <img src="https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/waaree-qxfu564wcoo139lsnxdi61z3yj1qzhnmio35afy64o.jpg" title="A Waaree manufacturing plant" alt="A Waaree manufacturing plant." loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2dd429f" data-id="2dd429f" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9d8f23a elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-terms" data-id="9d8f23a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-terms.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-terms"><span class="jet-listing-dynamic-terms__link">Premium</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d520034 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="d520034" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/can-india-hit-80gw-solar-cell-capacity-2026-emerge-dominant-us-supplier/">Can India hit 80GW of solar cell capacity by 2026 and emerge as a dominant US supplier?</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-67b24db elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-field" data-id="67b24db" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-field.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-field display-inline"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__inline-wrap"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__content">November 22, 2024</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a064fee elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-field" data-id="a064fee" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-field.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-field display-inline"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__inline-wrap"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__content">India’s traditional reliance on assembling PV modules using Chinese-made cells is undergoing a dramatic shift.</div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div><div class="jet-listing-grid__item jet-listing-dynamic-post-146551" data-post-id="146551" > <div data-elementor-type="jet-listing-items" data-elementor-id="5281" class="elementor elementor-5281" data-elementor-post-type="jet-engine"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf529fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cf529fb" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"291e5ab","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fff57e3" data-id="fff57e3" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-98c96cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="98c96cb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/trust-and-confidence-central-to-goodwes-australian-expansion/"> <img src="https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/GoodWe-Intersolar-2023_front-view-qohdsst9mqkctd7jb6y3kr9vg8s3g05kjvpbgkzrm0.jpg" title="GoodWe-Intersolar-2023_front-view" alt="Image: GoodWe." loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2dd429f" data-id="2dd429f" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9d8f23a elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-terms" data-id="9d8f23a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-terms.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-terms"><span class="jet-listing-dynamic-terms__link">Sponsored</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d520034 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="d520034" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/trust-and-confidence-central-to-goodwes-australian-expansion/">‘Trust and confidence’ central to GoodWe’s Australian expansion</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-67b24db elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-field" data-id="67b24db" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-field.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-field display-inline"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__inline-wrap"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__content">November 20, 2024</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a064fee elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-field" data-id="a064fee" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-field.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-field display-inline"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__inline-wrap"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__content">PV Tech spoke with GoodWe's Dean Williamson to learn more about its presence within the New Zealand and Australian solar PV markets.</div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div><div class="jet-listing-grid__item jet-listing-dynamic-post-146527" data-post-id="146527" > <div data-elementor-type="jet-listing-items" data-elementor-id="5281" class="elementor elementor-5281" data-elementor-post-type="jet-engine"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf529fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cf529fb" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"291e5ab","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fff57e3" data-id="fff57e3" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-98c96cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="98c96cb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/china-to-decrease-export-tax-rebate-rate-for-some-pv-products-to-9/"> <img src="https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/Lead-image-1-qrl7bdvw916m3avmk1r8e22dfriorew5oa560grg5k.jpg" title="Shipping containers on a boat." alt="Shipping containers on a boat." loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2dd429f" data-id="2dd429f" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d520034 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="d520034" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/china-to-decrease-export-tax-rebate-rate-for-some-pv-products-to-9/">China to decrease export tax rebate rate for some PV products to 9%</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-67b24db elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-field" data-id="67b24db" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-field.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-field display-inline"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__inline-wrap"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__content">November 20, 2024</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a064fee elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-field" data-id="a064fee" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-field.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-field display-inline"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__inline-wrap"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__content">Starting from December 1 2024, the export tax rebate rate for some PV products and batteries will be lowered from 13% to 9% in China. </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div><div class="jet-listing-grid__item jet-listing-dynamic-post-146499" data-post-id="146499" > <div data-elementor-type="jet-listing-items" data-elementor-id="5281" class="elementor elementor-5281" data-elementor-post-type="jet-engine"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf529fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cf529fb" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"291e5ab","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fff57e3" data-id="fff57e3" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-98c96cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="98c96cb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/floating-solar-to-reach-77gw-by-2033-led-by-apac-region/"> <img src="https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/Chart-of-floating-solar-PV-capacity-additions-in-the-coming-decade-qxc1mj3mp4w99ce6pjov88w9nmol3mvk5gkh3axnd4.png" title="Chart-of-floating-solar-PV-capacity-additions-in-the-coming-decade" alt="Chart of floating solar PV capacity additions globally from 2024 to 2033" loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2dd429f" data-id="2dd429f" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d520034 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="d520034" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/floating-solar-to-reach-77gw-by-2033-led-by-apac-region/">Floating solar to reach 77GW by 2033, led by APAC region</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-67b24db elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-field" data-id="67b24db" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-field.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-field display-inline"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__inline-wrap"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__content">November 20, 2024</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a064fee elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-field" data-id="a064fee" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-field.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-field display-inline"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__inline-wrap"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__content">WoodMackenzie has forecast floating solar PV (FPV) installations to reach 77GW by 2033, with 1.7GW of capacity additions in 2024.</div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div><div class="jet-listing-grid__item jet-listing-dynamic-post-146274" data-post-id="146274" > <div data-elementor-type="jet-listing-items" data-elementor-id="5281" class="elementor elementor-5281" data-elementor-post-type="jet-engine"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf529fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cf529fb" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"291e5ab","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fff57e3" data-id="fff57e3" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-98c96cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="98c96cb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/solar-glass-import-duties-onslaught-dumping-india-lawyer/"> <img src="https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/interfloat-group-qx1z1pepg4k9jscm1e3kc2y9aye7sc2evz4r7chklk.jpg" title="A facility belonging to the Interfloat Group, a subsidy of Borosil Renewables" alt="A facility belonging to the Interfloat Group, a subsidy of Borosil Renewables." loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2dd429f" data-id="2dd429f" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9d8f23a elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-terms" data-id="9d8f23a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-terms.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-terms"><span class="jet-listing-dynamic-terms__link">Premium</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d520034 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="d520034" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/solar-glass-import-duties-onslaught-dumping-india-lawyer/">Solar glass import duties would protect against ‘onslaught’ of dumping in India, says lawyer</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-67b24db elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-field" data-id="67b24db" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-field.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-field display-inline"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__inline-wrap"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__content">November 14, 2024</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a064fee elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-field" data-id="a064fee" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-field.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-field display-inline"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__inline-wrap"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__content">China could challenge Borosil Renewables, the sole manufacturer representing an entire industry, says Hariharan & Hariharan partner.</div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div><div class="jet-listing-grid__item jet-listing-dynamic-post-146232" data-post-id="146232" > <div data-elementor-type="jet-listing-items" data-elementor-id="5281" class="elementor elementor-5281" data-elementor-post-type="jet-engine"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf529fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cf529fb" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"291e5ab","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fff57e3" data-id="fff57e3" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-98c96cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="98c96cb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/sma-solar-to-slash-jobs-amid-challenging-residential-pv-market/"> <img src="https://www.pv-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/sma-solar-inverters-in-germany-qohdzk9gsttmcddwtm6h0ju9b1g5tm01tco2r8ysug.jpg" title="sma solar inverters in germany" alt="sma solar inverters in germany" loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2dd429f" data-id="2dd429f" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d520034 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="d520034" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.pv-tech.org/sma-solar-to-slash-jobs-amid-challenging-residential-pv-market/">SMA Solar to slash jobs amid ‘persistently challenging’ residential PV market</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-67b24db elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-field" data-id="67b24db" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-field.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-field display-inline"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__inline-wrap"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__content">November 14, 2024</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a064fee elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-field" data-id="a064fee" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-field.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-field display-inline"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__inline-wrap"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__content">In its Q1-3 2024 financial results, SMA Solar said it will cut up to 1,100 jobs and reduce costs by between €150 and €200 million by the end of 2025.</div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c8b69bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-29051 elementor-widget-html" data-id="c8b69bd" data-element_type="widget" id="gam-adslot-content-2" data-widget_type="html.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container">  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1428579833345-5' class='gam-adslot-content'> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function() {googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1428579833345-5');}); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e11b756 elementor-hidden-phone" data-id="e11b756" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-18951a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="18951a6" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"1c41e47","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 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for="form-field-lastname" class="elementor-field-label"> Lastname </label> <input size="1" type="text" name="form_fields[lastname]" id="form-field-lastname" class="elementor-field elementor-size-xs elementor-field-textual" placeholder="Lastname" required="required" aria-required="true"> </div> <div class="elementor-field-type-text elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-company elementor-col-50 elementor-field-required"> <label for="form-field-company" class="elementor-field-label"> Company </label> <input size="1" type="text" name="form_fields[company]" id="form-field-company" class="elementor-field elementor-size-xs elementor-field-textual" placeholder="Company" required="required" aria-required="true"> </div> <div class="elementor-field-type-text elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-job_title elementor-col-50 elementor-field-required"> <label for="form-field-job_title" class="elementor-field-label"> Job Title </label> <input size="1" type="text" name="form_fields[job_title]" id="form-field-job_title" class="elementor-field elementor-size-xs elementor-field-textual" placeholder="Job Title" required="required" aria-required="true"> </div> <div class="elementor-field-type-select elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-company_activity elementor-col-100 elementor-field-required"> <label for="form-field-company_activity" class="elementor-field-label"> Company Activity </label> <div class="elementor-field elementor-select-wrapper remove-before "> <div class="select-caret-down-wrapper"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="eicon-caret-down"></i> </div> <select name="form_fields[company_activity]" id="form-field-company_activity" class="elementor-field-textual elementor-size-xs" required="required" aria-required="true"> <option value=""></option> <option value="Academic & Research Establishment">Academic & Research Establishment</option> <option value="Analyst">Analyst</option> <option value="BIPV">BIPV</option> <option value="Building & Construction">Building & Construction</option> <option value="Building & Construction - Architect">Building & Construction - Architect</option> <option value="Building & Construction - Commercial Buildings">Building & Construction - Commercial Buildings</option> <option value="Building & Construction - House Builder">Building & Construction - House Builder</option> <option value="Building & Construction - House Developer">Building & Construction - House Developer</option> <option value="Consultancy">Consultancy</option> <option value="Consultancy - Design">Consultancy - Design</option> <option value="Consultancy - Electric Vehicles">Consultancy - Electric Vehicles</option> <option value="Consultancy - Energy Management">Consultancy - Energy Management</option> <option value="Consultancy - Environmental">Consultancy - Environmental</option> <option value="Consultancy - Financial">Consultancy - Financial</option> <option value="Consultancy - Grid Connection">Consultancy - Grid Connection</option> <option value="Consultancy - Planning">Consultancy - Planning</option> <option value="Consultancy - Storage">Consultancy - Storage</option> <option value="Consultancy - Tax Advisor/Accountant">Consultancy - Tax Advisor/Accountant</option> <option value="Consultancy - Technical Consultant">Consultancy - Technical Consultant</option> <option value="Developer (Renewables)">Developer (Renewables)</option> <option value="Distributor/Wholesaler">Distributor/Wholesaler</option> <option value="Education and Training">Education and Training</option> <option value="Electric Vehicles (EV)">Electric Vehicles (EV)</option> <option value="Electric Vehicles (EV) - Batteries/Storage">Electric Vehicles (EV) - Batteries/Storage</option> <option value="Electric Vehicles (EV) - Controls">Electric Vehicles (EV) - Controls</option> <option value="Electric Vehicles (EV) - Infrastructure">Electric Vehicles (EV) - Infrastructure</option> <option value="Electric Vehicles (EV) - Manufacturer">Electric Vehicles (EV) - Manufacturer</option> <option value="Electric Vehicles (EV) - Vehicle to Grid">Electric Vehicles (EV) - Vehicle to Grid</option> <option value="Energy Management">Energy Management</option> <option value="Energy Management - Energy Efficiency">Energy Management - Energy Efficiency</option> <option value="Energy Management - Energy Storage">Energy Management - Energy Storage</option> <option value="Energy Management - Metering/Monitoring/Mapping">Energy Management - Metering/Monitoring/Mapping</option> <option value="Energy Management - Software">Energy Management - Software</option> <option value="Energy Trading">Energy Trading</option> <option value="EPC">EPC</option> <option value="Finance">Finance</option> <option value="Finance - Advisor">Finance - Advisor</option> <option value="Finance - Asset/Fund Manager">Finance - Asset/Fund Manager</option> <option value="Finance - Bank">Finance - Bank</option> <option value="Finance - Development Bank">Finance - Development Bank</option> <option value="Finance - Fund">Finance - Fund</option> <option value="Finance - Institutional Investor">Finance - Institutional Investor</option> <option value="Finance - Insurance">Finance - Insurance</option> <option value="Finance - Microfinance">Finance - Microfinance</option> <option value="Finance - Private Equity">Finance - Private Equity</option> <option value="Finance - Residential Solar">Finance - Residential Solar</option> <option value="Finance - Sovereign Wealth">Finance - Sovereign Wealth</option> <option value="Finance - Storage">Finance - Storage</option> <option value="Finance - VC/Angel Investor">Finance - VC/Angel Investor</option> <option value="Government">Government</option> <option value="Government - Embassy">Government - Embassy</option> <option value="Government - Energy Ministry">Government - Energy Ministry</option> <option value="Government - Environment">Government - Environment</option> <option value="Government - Inward Investment">Government - Inward Investment</option> <option value="Government - Trade and Exports">Government - Trade and Exports</option> <option value="Government - Transport">Government - Transport</option> <option value="Grid Connectivity">Grid Connectivity</option> <option value="Housing Association">Housing Association</option> <option value="Independent Connection Provider">Independent Connection Provider</option> <option value="Independent Power Producer">Independent Power Producer</option> <option value="Installation">Installation</option> <option value="Installation - Commercial Storage">Installation - Commercial Storage</option> <option value="Installation - Electrical Contractor">Installation - Electrical Contractor</option> <option value="Installation - Heating Engineers">Installation - Heating Engineers</option> <option value="Installation - Other Renewables">Installation - Other Renewables</option> <option value="Installation - Renewable Heat/Solar Thermal">Installation - Renewable Heat/Solar Thermal</option> <option value="Installation - Residential Storage">Installation - Residential Storage</option> <option value="Installation - Roofing Contractor">Installation - Roofing Contractor</option> <option value="Installation - Solar PV">Installation - Solar PV</option> <option value="Installation - Tracking Systems">Installation - Tracking Systems</option> <option value="Land Agent (Solar PV)">Land Agent (Solar PV)</option> <option value="Land Owner">Land Owner</option> <option value="Large Energy User - Commercial">Large Energy User - Commercial</option> <option value="Large Energy User - Public Sector">Large Energy User - Public Sector</option> <option value="Legal">Legal</option> <option value="Local Authority - Council">Local Authority - Council</option> <option value="Local Authority - Finance">Local Authority - Finance</option> <option value="Local Authority - Hospitals">Local Authority - Hospitals</option> <option value="Local Authority - Infrastructure">Local Authority - Infrastructure</option> <option value="Local Authority - Planners">Local Authority - Planners</option> <option value="Local Authority - Roads/Transport">Local Authority - Roads/Transport</option> <option value="Local Authority - Schools">Local Authority - Schools</option> <option value="Logistics - Transport">Logistics - Transport</option> <option value="Manufacturer">Manufacturer</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Cables & Connectors">Manufacturer - Cables & Connectors</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Cell and module">Manufacturer - Cell and module</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Cell only">Manufacturer - Cell only</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Inverter">Manufacturer - Inverter</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Module only">Manufacturer - Module only</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Racking/Mounting Systems">Manufacturer - Racking/Mounting Systems</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Renewable Heat">Manufacturer - Renewable Heat</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Safety & Security">Manufacturer - Safety & Security</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Storage">Manufacturer - Storage</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Switches">Manufacturer - Switches</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Upstream">Manufacturer - Upstream</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Upstream - Cell manufacturing equipment">Manufacturer - Upstream - Cell manufacturing equipment</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Upstream - Cell manufacturing materials supplier">Manufacturer - Upstream - Cell manufacturing materials supplier</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Upstream - Module manufacturing equipment">Manufacturer - Upstream - Module manufacturing equipment</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Upstream - Module manufacturing materials supplier">Manufacturer - Upstream - Module manufacturing materials supplier</option> <option value="Manufacturer - Water Pumping">Manufacturer - Water Pumping</option> <option value="Materials - Storage">Materials - Storage</option> <option value="Microgeneration">Microgeneration</option> <option value="O&M">O&M</option> <option value="O&M - Asset Manager/Operator">O&M - Asset Manager/Operator</option> <option value="O&M - Data">O&M - Data</option> <option value="O&M - Maintenance & Support">O&M - Maintenance & Support</option> <option value="O&M - Monitoring">O&M - Monitoring</option> <option value="O&M - Software">O&M - Software</option> <option value="O&M - Technical Advisor">O&M - Technical Advisor</option> <option value="Offgrid">Offgrid</option> <option value="Offgrid - Desalinisation & Water Pumping">Offgrid - Desalinisation & Water Pumping</option> <option value="Offgrid - Micro Grid">Offgrid - Micro Grid</option> <option value="Offgrid - Solar Home Systems">Offgrid - Solar Home Systems</option> <option value="Offgrid - Solar Lighting">Offgrid - Solar Lighting</option> <option value="Other">Other</option> <option value="PR/Media/Partnerships">PR/Media/Partnerships</option> <option value="Recruitment">Recruitment</option> <option value="Software - Blockchain">Software - Blockchain</option> <option value="Software - Data">Software - Data</option> <option value="Software - Internet of Things">Software - Internet of Things</option> <option value="Software - Mobile Payments">Software - Mobile Payments</option> <option value="Storage EPC">Storage EPC</option> <option value="Storage - Investor">Storage - Investor</option> <option value="Storage Manufacturer">Storage Manufacturer</option> <option value="Storage Manufacturer - Cells">Storage Manufacturer - Cells</option> <option value="Storage Manufacturer - Commercial and Industrial">Storage Manufacturer - Commercial and Industrial</option> <option value="Storage Manufacturer - Residential">Storage Manufacturer - Residential</option> <option value="Storage Manufacturer - Utility">Storage Manufacturer - Utility</option> <option value="Storage - Software Vendor">Storage - Software Vendor</option> <option value="Telecomms">Telecomms</option> <option value="Telecomms - ICT">Telecomms - ICT</option> <option value="Telecomms - Internet of Things">Telecomms - Internet of Things</option> <option value="Telecomms - Mobile Payments">Telecomms - Mobile Payments</option> <option value="Telecomms - Smart Grid">Telecomms - Smart Grid</option> <option value="Testing & Certification">Testing & Certification</option> <option value="Trade Body/Association">Trade Body/Association</option> <option value="Utilities">Utilities</option> <option value="Utilities - Energy & Power">Utilities - Energy & Power</option> <option value="Utilities - Grid DNO">Utilities - Grid DNO</option> <option value="Utilities - Non Energy & Power">Utilities - Non Energy & Power</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-field-type-select elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-country elementor-col-100 elementor-field-required"> <label for="form-field-country" class="elementor-field-label"> Country </label> <div class="elementor-field elementor-select-wrapper remove-before "> <div class="select-caret-down-wrapper"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="eicon-caret-down"></i> </div> <select name="form_fields[country]" id="form-field-country" class="elementor-field-textual elementor-size-xs" required="required" aria-required="true"> <option value=""></option> <option value="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</option> <option value="United States">United States</option> <option value="Canada">Canada</option> <option value="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</option> <option value="Albania">Albania</option> <option value="Algeria">Algeria</option> <option value="Andorra">Andorra</option> <option value="Angola">Angola</option> <option value="Anguilla">Anguilla</option> <option value="Antarctica">Antarctica</option> <option value="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</option> <option value="Argentina">Argentina</option> <option value="Armenia">Armenia</option> <option value="Aruba">Aruba</option> <option value="Australia">Australia</option> <option value="Austria">Austria</option> <option value="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</option> <option value="Bahamas">Bahamas</option> <option value="Bahrain">Bahrain</option> <option value="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</option> <option value="Barbados">Barbados</option> <option value="Belarus">Belarus</option> <option value="Belgium">Belgium</option> <option value="Belize">Belize</option> <option value="Benin">Benin</option> <option value="Bermuda">Bermuda</option> <option value="Bhutan">Bhutan</option> <option value="Bolivia">Bolivia</option> <option value="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</option> <option value="Botswana">Botswana</option> <option value="Brazil">Brazil</option> <option value="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</option> <option value="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</option> <option value="Brunei">Brunei</option> <option value="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</option> <option value="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</option> <option value="Burundi">Burundi</option> <option value="Cambodia">Cambodia</option> <option value="Cameroon">Cameroon</option> <option value="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</option> <option value="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</option> <option value="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</option> <option value="Chad">Chad</option> <option value="Chile">Chile</option> <option value="China">China</option> <option value="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</option> <option value="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</option> <option value="Colombia">Colombia</option> <option value="Comoros">Comoros</option> <option value="Congo, Democratic Republic of the">Congo, Democratic Republic of the</option> <option value="Congo, Republic of the">Congo, Republic of the</option> <option value="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</option> <option value="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</option> <option value="Croatia">Croatia</option> <option value="Cuba">Cuba</option> <option value="Curaçao">Curaçao</option> <option value="Cyprus">Cyprus</option> <option value="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</option> <option value="Côte d’Ivoire">Côte d’Ivoire</option> <option value="Denmark">Denmark</option> <option value="Djibouti">Djibouti</option> <option value="Dominica">Dominica</option> <option value="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</option> <option value="Ecuador">Ecuador</option> <option value="Egypt">Egypt</option> <option value="El Salvador">El Salvador</option> <option value="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</option> <option value="Eritrea">Eritrea</option> <option value="Estonia">Estonia</option> <option value="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</option> <option value="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</option> <option value="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</option> <option value="Fiji">Fiji</option> <option value="Finland">Finland</option> <option value="France">France</option> <option value="French Guiana">French Guiana</option> <option value="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</option> <option value="French Southern Territories">French Southern Territories</option> <option value="Gabon">Gabon</option> <option value="Gambia">Gambia</option> <option value="Georgia">Georgia</option> <option value="Germany">Germany</option> <option value="Ghana">Ghana</option> <option value="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</option> <option value="Greece">Greece</option> <option value="Greenland">Greenland</option> <option value="Grenada">Grenada</option> <option value="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</option> <option value="Guam">Guam</option> <option value="Guatemala">Guatemala</option> <option value="Guernsey">Guernsey</option> <option value="Guinea">Guinea</option> <option value="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</option> <option value="Guyana">Guyana</option> <option value="Haiti">Haiti</option> <option value="Honduras">Honduras</option> <option value="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</option> <option value="Hungary">Hungary</option> <option value="Iceland">Iceland</option> <option value="India">India</option> <option value="Indonesia">Indonesia</option> <option value="Iran">Iran</option> <option value="Iraq">Iraq</option> <option value="Ireland">Ireland</option> <option value="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</option> <option value="Israel">Israel</option> <option value="Italy">Italy</option> <option value="Jamaica">Jamaica</option> <option value="Japan">Japan</option> <option value="Jersey">Jersey</option> <option value="Jordan">Jordan</option> <option value="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</option> <option value="Kenya">Kenya</option> <option value="Kiribati">Kiribati</option> <option value="Kuwait">Kuwait</option> <option value="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</option> <option value="Laos">Laos</option> <option value="Latvia">Latvia</option> <option value="Lebanon">Lebanon</option> <option 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data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"291e5ab","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 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Securing the solar grid — addressing the major threats to PV infrastructure - PV Tech