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Zaid Dauhoo</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Muhammad Zaid Dauhoo"> <meta name="keywords" content="Muhammad Zaid Dauhoo"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Muhammad Zaid Dauhoo"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 305</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Muhammad Zaid Dauhoo</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">305</span> An Overview of Some High Order and Multi-Level Finite Difference Schemes in Computational Aeroacoustics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Appanah%20Rao%20Appadu">Appanah Rao Appadu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Zaid%20Dauhoo"> Muhammad Zaid Dauhoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we have combined some spatial derivatives with the optimised time derivative proposed by Tam and Webb in order to approximate the linear advection equation which is given by = 0. Ôêé Ôêé + Ôêé Ôêé x f t u These spatial derivatives are as follows: a standard 7-point 6 th -order central difference scheme (ST7), a standard 9-point 8 th -order central difference scheme (ST9) and optimised schemes designed by Tam and Webb, Lockard et al., Zingg et al., Zhuang and Chen, Bogey and Bailly. Thus, these seven different spatial derivatives have been coupled with the optimised time derivative to obtain seven different finite-difference schemes to approximate the linear advection equation. We have analysed the variation of the modified wavenumber and group velocity, both with respect to the exact wavenumber for each spatial derivative. The problems considered are the 1-D propagation of a Boxcar function, propagation of an initial disturbance consisting of a sine and Gaussian function and the propagation of a Gaussian profile. It is known that the choice of the cfl number affects the quality of results in terms of dissipation and dispersion characteristics. Based on the numerical experiments solved and numerical methods used to approximate the linear advection equation, it is observed in this work, that the quality of results is dependent on the choice of the cfl number, even for optimised numerical methods. The errors from the numerical results have been quantified into dispersion and dissipation using a technique devised by Takacs. Also, the quantity, Exponential Error for Low Dispersion and Low Dissipation, eeldld has been computed from the numerical results. Moreover, based on this work, it has been found that when the quantity, eeldld can be used as a measure of the total error. In particular, the total error is a minimum when the eeldld is a minimum.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimised%20time%20derivative" title="Optimised time derivative">Optimised time derivative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dissipation" title=" dissipation"> dissipation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cfl%20number" title=" cfl number"> cfl number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nomenclature%3A%20k%20%3A%20time%20step" title=" Nomenclature: k : time step"> Nomenclature: k : time step</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=h%20%3A%20spatial%20step" title=" h : spatial step"> h : spatial step</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=%CE%B2%20%3Aadvection%20velocity" title=" β :advection velocity"> β :advection velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=r%3A%20cfl%2FCourant%20number" title=" r: cfl/Courant number"> r: cfl/Courant number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hkr%CE%B2%3D" title=" hkrβ= "> hkrβ= </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=w%20%3D%CE%B8" title=" w =θ"> w =θ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=h%20%3A%20exact%20wave%20number" title=" h : exact wave number"> h : exact wave number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=n%20%3Atime%20level" title=" n :time level"> n :time level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RPE%20%3A%20Relative%20phase%20error%20per%20unit%20time%20step" title=" RPE : Relative phase error per unit time step"> RPE : Relative phase error per unit time step</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=AFM%20%3Amodulus%20of%20amplification%20factor" title=" AFM :modulus of amplification factor"> AFM :modulus of amplification factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3635/an-overview-of-some-high-order-and-multi-level-finite-difference-schemes-in-computational-aeroacoustics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3635/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3635/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3635/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3635/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3635/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3635/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3635/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3635/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3635/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3635/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1636</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">304</span> Studies on Seasonal Variations of Physico- Chemical Parameters of Fish Farm at Govt. Nursery Unit, Muzaffargarh, Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem">Muhammad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdus%20Salam"> Abdus Salam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Ashraf"> Muhammad Ashraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Imran"> Muhammad Imran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mehtab%20Ahmad"> Mehtab Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Jamshed%20Khan"> Muhammad Jamshed Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Mazhar%20Ayaz"> Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muzaffar%20Ali"> Muzaffar Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arshad%20Ali"> Arshad Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Memoona%20Qayyum%20Abir%20Ishtiaq"> Memoona Qayyum Abir Ishtiaq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The present study was designed to demonstrate the seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters of fish farm at Govt. Nursery Unit, Muzaffargarh, Department of Fisheries Govt. of Punjab, Pakistan for a period of eight months from January to August 2008. Water samples were collected on fifteen days basis and have been analyzed for estimation of Air temperature, Water temperature, Light penetration, pH, Total dissolved oxygen, Clouds, Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Total carbonates, Total dissolved solids, Chlorides, Calcium and Hardness. Seasonal fluctuations were observed in all the physico-chemical parameters of fish farm. The overall physicochemical parameters of fish pond water remained within the tolerable range throughout the study period.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Freshwater" title="Freshwater">Freshwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fish%20farm" title=" Fish farm"> Fish farm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Water%20quality" title=" Water quality"> Water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seasonal%20variation" title=" Seasonal variation"> Seasonal variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chemical%20factor" title=" Chemical factor"> Chemical factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/studies-on-seasonal-variations-of-physico-chemical-parameters-of-fish-farm-at-govt-nursery-unit-muzaffargarh-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">303</span> Performance Evaluation of Low Density Parity Check Codes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Othman%20O.%20Khalifa">Othman O. Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sheroz%20khan"> Sheroz khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamad%20Zaid"> Mohamad Zaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhamad%20Nawawi"> Muhamad Nawawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper mainly about the study on one of the widely used error correcting codes that is Low parity check Codes (LDPC). In this paper, the Regular LDPC code has been discussed The LDPC codes explained in this paper is about the Regular Binary LDPC codes or the Gallager. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LDPC" title="LDPC">LDPC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=channel%20coding." title=" channel coding."> channel coding.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/performance-evaluation-of-low-density-parity-check-codes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2824</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">302</span> Use of Pesticides and Their Role in Environmental Pollution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Jamil%20Khan">Muhammad Jamil Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Sharif%20Zia"> Muhammad Sharif Zia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Qasim"> Muhammad Qasim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Insect pests are the major source of crop damage, yield and quality reduction in Pakistan and else where in the world. Cotton crop is the most hit crop in Pakistan followed by rice and the second most important foreign exchange earning crop. A wide variety of staple, horticultural and cash crops grown, reflect serious problems of many types of insect pests. To overcome the insect pest problem, pesticide use in Pakistan has increased substantially which has now been further intensified. Pesticides worth more than billions of rupees are imported every year. This paper reviews the over all pesticide use in Pakistan in relation to pesticide prices, support price of cotton and rice, pesticide use in different provinces of Pakistan on different crops and their impact on crop productivity. The environmental pollution caused by the use of pesticides, contamination of soil and water resources and the danger associated with the disposal of their empty containers is also discussed in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pesticide%20use" title="Pesticide use">Pesticide use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=crop%20productivity" title=" crop productivity"> crop productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=environmentalpollution" title=" environmentalpollution"> environmentalpollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/use-of-pesticides-and-their-role-in-environmental-pollution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">301</span> The Malacca Empire: Sayings of Prophet Muhammad in Sulalat Al-Salatin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdur-Rahman%20M.%20A.">Abdur-Rahman M. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20M.%20Mohd.%20Ali"> R. M. Mohd. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20A.%20I.%20R.%20Yaacob."> R. A. I. R. Yaacob.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the fifteenth century, the Malacca Empire emerged as the centre of Islamic civilization in the Malay Archipelago. The history had been recorded in Sulalat Al-Salatin, an important literary source about the genealogy of all Kings in Malacca. The objective of this study was to analyze the understanding of sayings from Prophet Muhammad among Malays in Malacca during the fifteenth century through all of the hadith quoted in Sulalat Al-Salatin. This study used content analysis methodology to validate the sayings where all of them were critically analyzed and compared with the classical hadith sources from prominent Muslim scholars. As a result, only two out of the four quotations were considered as authentic sayings of Prophet Muhammad. This study also showed the importance of the palace as the centre of the Islamic education system and the role played by Muslim preachers from outside of Malacca to propagate Islam in Malacca. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hadith%20in%20Malay%20Annals" title="Hadith in Malay Annals">Hadith in Malay Annals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Malay%20Annals" title=" Malay Annals"> Malay Annals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SejarahMelayu" title=" SejarahMelayu"> SejarahMelayu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sulalat%20Al-Salatin." title=" Sulalat Al-Salatin."> Sulalat Al-Salatin.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/the-malacca-empire-sayings-of-prophet-muhammad-in-sulalat-al-salatin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1714</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">300</span> Optimization of Growth Conditions for Acidic Protease Production from Rhizopus oligosporus through Solid State Fermentation of Sunflower Meal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Rauf">Abdul Rauf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Irfan"> Muhammad Irfan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Nadeem"> Muhammad Nadeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ishtiaq%20Ahmed"> Ishtiaq Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Nasir%20Iqbal">Hafiz Muhammad Nasir Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rhizopus oligosporus was used in the present study for the production of protease enzyme under SSF. Sunflower meal was used as by-product of oil industry incorporated with organic salts was employed for the production of protease enzyme. The main purpose of the present was to study different parameters of protease productivity, its yields and to optimize basal fermentation conditions. The optimal conditions found for protease production using sunflower meal as a substrate in the present study were inoculum size (1%), substrate (Sunflower meal), substrate concentration (20 g), pH (3), cultivation period (72 h), incubation temperature (35oC), substrate to diluent-s ratio (1:2) and tween 81 (1 mL). The maximum production of protease in the presence of cheaper substrate at low concentration and stability at acidic pH, these characteristics make the strain and its enzymes useful in different industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Acidic%20protease" title="Acidic protease">Acidic protease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rhizopus%20oligosporus" title=" Rhizopus oligosporus"> Rhizopus oligosporus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mediaoptimization" title=" Mediaoptimization"> Mediaoptimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solid%20state%20Fermentation" title=" Solid state Fermentation"> Solid state Fermentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/optimization-of-growth-conditions-for-acidic-protease-production-from-rhizopus-oligosporus-through-solid-state-fermentation-of-sunflower-meal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3002</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">299</span> Effect of Varying Diets on Growth, Development and Survival of Queen Bee (Apis mellifera L.) in Captivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Anjum%20Aqueel">Muhammad Anjum Aqueel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zaighum%20Abbas"> Zaighum Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mubasshir%20Sohail"> Mubasshir Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Abubakar"> Muhammad Abubakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hafiz%20Khurram%20Shurjeel"> Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abu%20Bakar%20Muhammad%20Raza"> Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Afzal"> Muhammad Afzal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sami%20Ullah"> Sami Ullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Keeping in view the increasing demand, queen of <em>Apis mellifera</em> L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was reared artificially in this experiment at varying diets including royal jelly. Larval duration, pupal duration, weight, and size of pupae were evaluated at different diets including royal jelly. Queen larvae were raised by Doo Little grafting method. Four different diets were mixed with royal jelly and applied to larvae. Fructose, sugar, yeast, and honey were provided to rearing queen larvae along with same amount of royal jelly. Larval and pupal duration were longest (6.15 and 7.5 days, respectively) at yeast and shortest on honey (5.05 and 7.02 days, respectively). Heavier and bigger pupae were recorded on yeast (168.14 mg and 1.76 cm, respectively) followed by diets having sugar and honey. Due to production of heavier and bigger pupae, yeast was considered as best artificial diet for the growing queen larvae. So, in the second part of experiment, different amounts of yeast were provided to growing larvae along with fixed amount (0.5 g) of royal jelly. Survival rates of the larvae and queen bee were 70% and 40% in the 4-g food, 86.7% and 53.3% in the 6-g food, and 76.7% and 50% in the 8-g food. Weight of adult queen bee (1.459±0.191 g) and the number of ovarioles (41.7±21.3) were highest at 8 g of food. Results of this study are helpful for bee-keepers in producing fitter queen bees.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Apis%20melifera%20L." title="Apis melifera L.">Apis melifera L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dietary%20effect" title=" dietary effect"> dietary effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=survival%20and%20development" title=" survival and development"> survival and development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=honey%20bee%20queen." title=" honey bee queen."> honey bee queen.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/effect-of-varying-diets-on-growth-development-and-survival-of-queen-bee-apis-mellifera-l-in-captivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">298</span> UTHM Hand: Mechanics Behind The Dexterous Anthropomorphic Hand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amran%20Mohd%20Zaid">Amran Mohd Zaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Atif%20Yaqub"> M. Atif Yaqub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Rizal%20Arshad"> Mohd Rizal Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Md%20Saidin%20Wahab"> Md Saidin Wahab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A multi fingered dexterous anthropomorphic hand is being developed by the authors. The focus of the hand is the replacement of human operators in hazardous environments and also in environments where zero tolerance is observed for the human errors. The robotic hand will comprise of five fingers (four fingers and one thumb) each having four degrees of freedom (DOF) which can perform flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and also circumduction. For the actuation purpose pneumatic muscles and springs will be used. The paper exemplifies the mechanical design for the robotic hand. It also describes different mechanical designs that have been developed before date. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Robotic%20hand" title="Robotic hand">Robotic hand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-fingered%20hand" title=" Multi-fingered hand"> Multi-fingered hand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dextrous%20hand" title=" dextrous hand"> dextrous hand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=anthropomorphic%20hand" title="anthropomorphic hand">anthropomorphic hand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic%20muscles." title=" pneumatic muscles."> pneumatic muscles.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/uthm-hand-mechanics-behind-the-dexterous-anthropomorphic-hand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">297</span> Introduce the FWA in the Band 3300-3400 MHz</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lway%20F.%20Abdulrazak">Lway F. Abdulrazak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zaid%20A.%20Shamsan"> Zaid A. Shamsan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20K.%20Aswad"> Ali K. Aswad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tharek%20Abd.%20Rahman"> Tharek Abd. Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper gives a study about forging solution to deploy the fixed wireless access (FWA) in the band 3300-3400MHz instead of 3400-3600MHz to eschew the harmful interference between from the FWA towards fixed satellite services receiver presented in this band. The impact of FWA services toward the FSS and the boundaries of spectrum emission mask had been considered to calculate the possible Guard band required in this case. In addition, supplementary separation distance added to improve the coexistence between the two adjacent bands. Simulation had been done using Matlab software base on ITU models reliance on the most popular specification used for the tropical weather countries. Review the current problem of interference between two systems and some mitigation techniques which adopted in Malaysia as a case study is a part of this research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Coexistence" title="Coexistence">Coexistence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FSS" title=" FSS"> FSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FWA" title=" FWA"> FWA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mask." title=" mask."> mask.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1205/introduce-the-fwa-in-the-band-3300-3400-mhz" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1205/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1205/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1205/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1205/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1205/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1205/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1205/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1205/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1205/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1205/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1814</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">296</span> A NXM Version of 5X5 Playfair Cipher for any Natural Language (Urdu as Special Case)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Salam">Muhammad Salam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nasir%20Rashid"> Nasir Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shah%20Khalid"> Shah Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Raees%20Khan"> Muhammad Raees Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper a modified version NXM of traditional 5X5 playfair cipher is introduced which enable the user to encrypt message of any Natural language by taking appropriate size of the matrix depending upon the size of the natural language. 5X5 matrix has the capability of storing only 26 characters of English language and unable to store characters of any language having more than 26 characters. To overcome this limitation NXM matrix is introduced which solve this limitation. In this paper a special case of Urdu language is discussed. Where # is used for completing odd pair and * is used for repeating letters.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cryptography" title="cryptography">cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=decryption" title=" decryption"> decryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=encryption" title=" encryption"> encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=playfair%0D%0Acipher" title=" playfair cipher"> playfair cipher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=traditional%20cipher." title=" traditional cipher."> traditional cipher.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/a-nxm-version-of-5x5-playfair-cipher-for-any-natural-language-urdu-as-special-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">295</span> Analysis of Fixed Beamforming Algorithms for Smart Antenna Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Umair%20Shahid">Muhammad Umair Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Rehman"> Abdul Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mudassir%20Mukhtar"> Mudassir Mukhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Nauman"> Muhammad Nauman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The smart antenna is the prominent technology that has become known in recent years to meet the growing demands of wireless communications. In an overcrowded atmosphere, its application is growing gradually. A methodical evaluation of the performance of Fixed Beamforming algorithms for smart antennas such as Multiple Sidelobe Canceller (MSC), Maximum Signal-to-interference ratio (MSIR) and minimum variance (MVDR) has been comprehensively presented in this paper. Simulation results show that beamforming is helpful in providing optimized response towards desired directions. MVDR beamformer provides the most optimal solution.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fixed%20weight%20beamforming" title="Fixed weight beamforming">Fixed weight beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=array%20pattern" title=" array pattern"> array pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=signal%20to%20interference%20ratio" title=" signal to interference ratio"> signal to interference ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=power%20efficiency" title=" power efficiency"> power efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=element%20spacing" title=" element spacing"> element spacing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=array%20elements" title=" array elements"> array elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimum%20weight%20vector." title=" optimum weight vector."> optimum weight vector.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/analysis-of-fixed-beamforming-algorithms-for-smart-antenna-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">781</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> Effect of Body Size and Condition Factor on Whole Body Composition of Hybrid (Catla catla ♂x Labeo rohita ♀) from Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem">Muhammad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdus%20Salam"> Abdus Salam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Asghar%20Bashir"> Muhammad Asghar Bashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abir%20Ishtiaq"> Abir Ishtiaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Qurat-ul-Ane%20Gillani%20and%0D%0AAsma%20Salam"> Qurat-ul-Ane Gillani and Asma Salam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, 49 Hybrid (Catla catla ♂ x Labeo rohita ♀) were sampled from Al-Raheem Fish Hatchery, Village Ali Pure Shamali, Jhang Road, 18 Km from Muzaffar Garh using a cast net and Live fishes were transported to research laboratory. Mean percentage for water found 79.13 %, ash 6.58 %, fat 2.22 % and protein content 12.06 % in whole wet body weight. It was observed that body constituents were found increasing in the same proportion with an increase in body weight while significant proportional increase was observed with total length. However, condition factor remained insignificant (P>0.05) with body constituents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hybrid%20fish" title="Hybrid fish">Hybrid fish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Body%20composition" title=" Body composition"> Body composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Condition%20factor" title=" Condition factor"> Condition factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Predictive%20equations" title=" Predictive equations"> Predictive equations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/effect-of-body-size-and-condition-factor-on-whole-body-composition-of-hybrid-catla-catla-x-labeo-rohita-from-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1808</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> Fabrication and Characterization of Al/Methyl Orange/n-Si Heterojunction Diode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Tahir">Muhammad Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20H.%20Sayyad"> Muhammad H. Sayyad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dil%20N.%20Khan"> Dil N. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fazal%20Wahab"> Fazal Wahab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Herein, the organic semiconductor methyl orange (MO), is investigated for the first time for its electronic applications. For this purpose, Al/MO/n-Si heterojunction is fabricated through economical cheap and simple “drop casting” technique. The currentvoltage (I-V) measurements of the device are made at room temperature under dark conditions. The I-V characteristics of Al/MO/n-Si junction exhibits asymmetrical and rectifying behavior that confirms the formation of diode. The diode parameters such as rectification ratio (RR), turn on voltage (Vturn on), reverse saturation current (I0), ideality factor (n), barrier height ( b f ), series resistance (Rs) and shunt resistance (Rsh) are determined from I-V curves using Schottky equations. These values of these parameters are also extracted and verified by applying Cheung’s functions. The conduction mechanisms are explained from the forward bias I-V characteristics using the power law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electrical%20properties" title="Electrical properties">Electrical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Organic%2Finorganic%0D%0Aheterojunction%20diode" title=" Organic/inorganic heterojunction diode"> Organic/inorganic heterojunction diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Methyl%20Orange" title=" Methyl Orange"> Methyl Orange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cheungs%20Functions" title=" Cheungs Functions"> Cheungs Functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/fabrication-and-characterization-of-almethyl-orangen-si-heterojunction-diode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1930</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> External Morphological Study of Wild Labeo calbasu with Reference to Body Weight' Total Length and Condition Factor from the River Chenab, Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem">Muhammad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asif%20Hussain%20Bhatti"> Asif Hussain Bhatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Fahad%20Nouman"> Muhammad Fahad Nouman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 115 samples of Labeo calbasu ranged 8.0-17.9cm length with mean11.90±1.96 and 4.9-68.5g weight with mean 22.25±12.54 from the River Chenab, Southern Punjab, Pakistan were analyzed to investigate length-weight relationships (LWR) of fish in relation to condition factor (K). Standard length (SL), fork length (FL), head length (HL) head width (HW), body girth (BG), dorsal fin length (DFL), dorsal fin base (DFB), pectoral fin length (PcFL), pelvic fin length (PvFL) and anal fin length (AFL) are found to be highly correlated with increasing total length and wet body weight (r > 0.500). Wet body weight has positive (r=0.540) and total length has no correlation (r=0.344) with calculated Condition factor (K). The slope “b" in the relationship is 3.27 and intercepts -2.2258. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Labeo%20calbasu" title="Labeo calbasu">Labeo calbasu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Length-weight%20relationship" title=" Length-weight relationship"> Length-weight relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Body%0Aweight" title=" Body weight"> Body weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=condition%20factor" title=" condition factor"> condition factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/external-morphological-study-of-wild-labeo-calbasu-with-reference-to-body-weight-total-length-and-condition-factor-from-the-river-chenab-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2085</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> Applications of AUSM+ Scheme on Subsonic, Supersonic and Hypersonic Flows Fields</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Yamin%20Younis">Muhammad Yamin Younis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Amjad%20Sohail"> Muhammad Amjad Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tawfiqur%20Rahman"> Tawfiqur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zaka%20Muhammad"> Zaka Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saifur%20Rahman%20Bakaul"> Saifur Rahman Bakaul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of Advection Upstream Splitting Method AUSM schemes are evaluated against experimental flow fields at different Mach numbers and results are compared with experimental data of subsonic, supersonic and hypersonic flow fields. The turbulent model used here is SST model by Menter. The numerical predictions include lift coefficient, drag coefficient and pitching moment coefficient at different mach numbers and angle of attacks. This work describes a computational study undertaken to compute the Aerodynamic characteristics of different air vehicles configurations using a structured Navier-Stokes computational technique. The CFD code bases on the idea of upwind scheme for the convective (convective-moving) fluxes. CFD results for GLC305 airfoil and cone cylinder tail fined missile calculated on above mentioned turbulence model are compared with the available data. Wide ranges of Mach number from subsonic to hypersonic speeds are simulated and results are compared. When the computation is done by using viscous turbulence model the above mentioned coefficients have a very good agreement with the experimental values. AUSM scheme is very efficient in the regions of very high pressure gradients like shock waves and discontinuities. The AUSM versions simulate the all types of flows from lower subsonic to hypersonic flow without oscillations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Subsonic" title="Subsonic">Subsonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=supersonic" title=" supersonic"> supersonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hypersonic" title=" Hypersonic"> Hypersonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=AUSM%2B" title=" AUSM+"> AUSM+</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Drag%0ACoefficient" title=" Drag Coefficient"> Drag Coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lift%20Coefficient" title=" lift Coefficient"> lift Coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pitching%20moment%20coefficient" title=" Pitching moment coefficient"> Pitching moment coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pressure%0ACoefficient" title=" pressure Coefficient"> pressure Coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=turbulent%20flow." title=" turbulent flow."> turbulent flow.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/applications-of-ausm-scheme-on-subsonic-supersonic-and-hypersonic-flows-fields" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> A Novel Approach for Tracking of a Mobile Node Based on Particle Filter and Trilateration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Haroon%20Siddiqui">Muhammad Haroon Siddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Rehan%20Khalid"> Muhammad Rehan Khalid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper evaluates the performance of a novel algorithm for tracking of a mobile node, interms of execution time and root mean square error (RMSE). Particle Filter algorithm is used to track the mobile node, however a new technique in particle filter algorithm is also proposed to reduce the execution time. The stationary points were calculated through trilateration and finally by averaging the number of points collected for a specific time, whereas tracking is done through trilateration as well as particle filter algorithm. Wi-Fi signal is used to get initial guess of the position of mobile node in x-y coordinates system. Commercially available software “Wireless Mon" was used to read the WiFi signal strength from the WiFi card. Visual Cµ version 6 was used to interact with this software to read only the required data from the log-file generated by “Wireless Mon" software. Results are evaluated through mathematical modeling and MATLAB simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Particle%20Filter" title="Particle Filter">Particle Filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tracking" title=" Tracking"> Tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wireless%20Local%20Area%0ANetwork" title=" Wireless Local Area Network"> Wireless Local Area Network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WiFi" title=" WiFi"> WiFi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trilateration" title=" Trilateration"> Trilateration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12519/a-novel-approach-for-tracking-of-a-mobile-node-based-on-particle-filter-and-trilateration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12519/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12519/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12519/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12519/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12519/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12519/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12519/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12519/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12519/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12519/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2068</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> Factors Paving the Way towards Islamic Banking in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Mazhar%20Manzoor">Muhammad Mazhar Manzoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Aqeel"> Muhammad Aqeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Sattar"> Abdul Sattar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Islamic banking is one the most blossoming doctrine in economic system of the world. The Fast growing awareness about Islamic financial system has brought strong feeling to Muslims to confront the western interest-based economic cycle. The Islamic economic system is emerging as a reliable alternative to the interest based system. This study is proposed to ascertain the motivational factors encouraging people to go for Islamic banking in Pakistan. These pulsing factors are determined by generation of hypothesis that there are certain factors which are urging people to opt Islamic banking system and to see the differences in their ranking by applying Friedman test. These factors include: Economically derived factors such as stability of Islamic banks in crisis, profit and loss sharing doctrine and equity sharing etc. This study also highlights the religiously derived factors such as interest free banking, Shariah tenets and supervisory of Islamic Shariah board and sociopsychological factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title="Islamic banking">Islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=motivational%20factors" title=" motivational factors"> motivational factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=religiousfactors" title=" religiousfactors"> religiousfactors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=socio-psychological%20factors%20and%20economic%20factors" title=" socio-psychological factors and economic factors"> socio-psychological factors and economic factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6820/factors-paving-the-way-towards-islamic-banking-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6820/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6820/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6820/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6820/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6820/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6820/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6820/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6820/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6820/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6820/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna with Polyphase Filter for Polarization Diversity and Cross Polarization Filtering Operation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lakhdar%20Zaid">Lakhdar Zaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Albane%20Sangiovanni"> Albane Sangiovanni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna with polyphase filter for polarization diversity and cross polarization filtering operation is presented in this paper. In our approach, a polyphase filter is used to obtain the four 90° phase shift outputs to feed a square microstrip patch antenna. The antenna can be switched between four states of polarization in transmission as well as in receiving mode. Switches are interconnected with the polyphase filter network to produce left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, horizontal linear polarization, and vertical linear polarization. Additional advantage of using polyphase filter is its filtering capability for cross polarization filtering in right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization operation. The theoretical and simulated results demonstrated that polyphase filter is a good candidate to drive microstrip patch antenna to accomplish polarization diversity and cross polarization filtering operation.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Microstrip%20patch%20antenna" title="Microstrip patch antenna">Microstrip patch antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=polyphase%20filter" title=" polyphase filter"> polyphase filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=circular%20polarization" title=" circular polarization"> circular polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=linear%20polarization" title=" linear polarization"> linear polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reconfigurable%20antenna." title=" reconfigurable antenna."> reconfigurable antenna.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006122/a-reconfigurable-microstrip-patch-antenna-with-polyphase-filter-for-polarization-diversity-and-cross-polarization-filtering-operation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006122/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006122/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006122/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006122/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006122/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006122/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006122/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006122/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006122/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006122/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">287</span> Cultural Diversity and Challenges for Female Entrepreneurs: Empirical Study of an Emerging Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amir%20Ikram">Amir Ikram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Qin%20Su"> Qin Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Fiaz"> Muhammad Fiaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Waqas%20Shabbir"> Muhammad Waqas Shabbir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Women entrepreneurship witnessed a healthy rise in the last decade or so, and the scenario in Pakistan is not different. However female leaders are facing various, cultural, career oriented, and professional challenges. The study investigates the impact of social and industry-specific challenges on female entrepreneurship; social challenges was evaluated in terms of culture, and industry-specific challenges was measured in terms of team management and career growth. Purposive sampling was employed to collect data from 75 multicultural organizations operating in the culturally diverse and historic city of Lahore, Pakistan. Cronbach’s alpha was conducted to endorse the reliability of survey questionnaire, while correlation and regression analysis were used to test hypotheses. Industry-specific challenges were found to be more significant as compared to cultural factors. The paper also highlights the importance of female entrepreneurship for emerging economies, and suggests that bringing women to mainstream professions can lead to economic success. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cultural%20challenges" title="Cultural challenges">Cultural challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=emerging%20economy" title=" emerging economy"> emerging economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=female%20entrepreneurship" title=" female entrepreneurship"> female entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=leadership." title=" leadership."> leadership.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005537/cultural-diversity-and-challenges-for-female-entrepreneurs-empirical-study-of-an-emerging-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005537/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005537/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005537/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005537/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005537/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005537/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005537/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005537/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005537/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005537/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1925</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">286</span> Impact of Brand Origin on Brand Loyalty: A Case of Personal Care Products in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aimen%20Batool%20Bint-E-Rashid">Aimen Batool Bint-E-Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Syed%20Muhammad%20Dawood%20Ali%20Shah"> Syed Muhammad Dawood Ali Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Usman%20Farooq"> Muhammad Usman Farooq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahgul%20Anwar"> Mahgul Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>As the world is progressing, the needs and demands of the consumer market are also changing. Nowadays the trends of consumer purchase decisions are dependent upon multiple factors. This study aims to identify the influential impact of country of origin over the perception and devotion towards daily personal care products specifically in reference to the knowledge and awareness regarding that particular brand in Pakistan. To corroborate this study, a 30-item brand origin questionnaire has been used with 300 purchase decision makers belonging to different age groups. To illustrate this study, a model has been developed based on brand origin, brand awareness and brand loyalty. Correlation and regression analysis have been used to find out the results which conclude the findings on the perspective of Pakistan’s consumer market as that brand origin has a direct relationship with brand loyalty provided that the consumer has a positive brand awareness. Support for the fact that brand origin impacts brand loyalty through brand awareness has been presented in this study.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Brand%20awareness" title="Brand awareness">Brand awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=brand%20loyalty" title=" brand loyalty"> brand loyalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=brand%20origin" title=" brand origin"> brand origin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=personal%20care%20products" title=" personal care products"> personal care products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P%26G" title=" P&G"> P&G</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Unilever." title=" Unilever. "> Unilever. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/impact-of-brand-origin-on-brand-loyalty-a-case-of-personal-care-products-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">285</span> Comparison of Diagnostic Performance of Soluble Transferrin Receptor and Soluble Transferrin Receptor-Ferritin Index Tests in the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Obaid">Hafiz Muhammad Obaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bilal%20Wajid"> Bilal Wajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nauman%20Haider"> Nauman Haider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Zafrullah"> Muhammad Zafrullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this research article, a comprehensive analysis is performed to compare the diagnostic performance of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and sTfR/log ferritin index tests in the differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and anemia of chronic disease (ACD). The analysis is performed for both sTfR and sTfR/log ferritin index using a set of 11 studies. The overall odds ratios for sTfR and sTfR/log ferritin index were 36.79 and 119.32 respectively, using 95% confidence interval. The relative sensitivity, specificity. positive likelihood ratio (LR) and negative LR values for sTfR in relation to sTfR/log ferritin index were 81% vs 85%, 84% vs 93%, 6.31 vs 13.95 and 0.18 vs 0.14 respectively. The summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves are also plotted for both sTfR and sTfR/log ferritin index. The area under SROC curves for sTfR and sTfR/log ferritin index was found to be 0.9296 and 0.9825 respectively. Although both tests are useful, the sTfR/log ferritin index seems to be more effective when compared with sTfR.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anemia" title="Anemia">Anemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sTfR" title=" sTfR"> sTfR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=iron%20deficiency" title=" iron deficiency"> iron deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ferritin" title=" ferritin"> ferritin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=odds%20ratio" title=" odds ratio"> odds ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sensitivity." title=" sensitivity. "> sensitivity. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008659/comparison-of-diagnostic-performance-of-soluble-transferrin-receptor-and-soluble-transferrin-receptor-ferritin-index-tests-in-the-diagnosis-of-iron-deficiency-anemia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008659/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008659/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008659/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008659/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008659/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008659/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008659/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008659/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008659/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008659/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">965</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis and Optimization of the Coanda Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nigel%20Q.%20Kelly">Nigel Q. Kelly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zaid%20Siddiqi"> Zaid Siddiqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jin%20W.%20Lee"> Jin W. Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>It is known that using Coanda aerosurfaces can drastically augment the lift forces when applied to an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platform. However, Coanda saucer UAVs, which commonly use a dish-like, radially-extending structure, have shown no significant increases in thrust/lift force and therefore have never been commercially successful: the additional thrust/lift generated by the Coanda surface diminishes since the airstreams emerging from the rotor compartment expand radially causing serious loss of momentums and therefore a net loss of total thrust/lift. To overcome this technical weakness, we propose to examine a Coanda surface of straight, cylindrical design and optimize its geometry for highest thrust/lift utilizing computational fluid dynamics software ANSYS Fluent®. The results of this study reveal that a Coanda UAV configured with 4 sides of straight, cylindrical Coanda surface achieve an overall 45% increase in lift compared to conventional Coanda Saucer UAV configurations. This venture integrates with an ongoing research project where a Coanda prototype is being assembled. Additionally, a custom thrust-stand has been constructed for thrust/lift measurement.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Coanda" title=" Coanda"> Coanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lift" title=" Lift"> Lift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=UAV." title=" UAV."> UAV.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011661/computational-fluid-dynamics-analysis-and-optimization-of-the-coanda-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011661/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011661/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011661/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011661/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011661/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011661/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011661/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011661/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011661/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011661/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">602</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">283</span> Hyperspectral Mapping Methods for Differentiating Mangrove Species along Karachi Coast </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sher%20Muhammad">Sher Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mirza%20Muhammad%20Waqar"> Mirza Muhammad Waqar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>It is necessary to monitor and identify mangroves types and spatial extent near coastal areas because it plays an important role in coastal ecosystem and environmental protection. This research aims at identifying and mapping mangroves types along Karachi coast ranging from 24.79<sup>0</sup> to 24.85<sup>0</sup> in latitude and 66.91<sup>0</sup> to 66.97<sup>0</sup> in longitude using hyperspectral remote sensing data and techniques. Image acquired during February, 2012 through Hyperion sensor have been used for this research. Image pre processing includes geometric and radiometric correction followed by Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) and Pixel Purity Index (PPI). The output of MNF and PPI has been analyzed by visualizing it in n-dimensions for end member extraction. Well distributed clusters on the n-dimensional scatter plot have been selected with the region of interest (ROI) tool as end members. These end members have been used as an input for classification techniques applied to identify and map mangroves species including Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Spectral Feature Fitting (SFF) and Spectral Information Diversion (SID). Only two types of mangroves namely Avicennia Marina (White Mangroves) and <em>Avicennia germinans</em> (Black Mangroves) have been observed throughout the study area.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mangrove" title="Mangrove">Mangrove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyperspectral" title=" Hyperspectral"> Hyperspectral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SAM" title=" SAM"> SAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SFF" title=" SFF"> SFF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SID." title=" SID."> SID.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997270/hyperspectral-mapping-methods-for-differentiating-mangrove-species-along-karachi-coast" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997270/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997270/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997270/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997270/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997270/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997270/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997270/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997270/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997270/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997270/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2907</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">282</span> Eye-Gesture Analysis for Driver Hazard Awareness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Nor%20Hafizah%20binti%20Mohd%20Zaid">Siti Nor Hafizah binti Mohd Zaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Abdel-Maguid"> Mohamed Abdel-Maguid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdel-Hamid%20Soliman"> Abdel-Hamid Soliman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Because road traffic accidents are a major source of death worldwide, attempts have been made to create Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) able to detect vehicle, driver and environmental conditions that are cues for possible potential accidents. This paper presents continued work on a novel Nonintrusive Intelligent Driver Assistance and Safety System (Ni-DASS) for assessing driver attention and hazard awareness. It uses two onboard CCD cameras – one observing the road and the other observing the driver-s face. The windscreen is divided into cells and analysis of the driver-s eye-gaze patterns allows Ni-DASS to determine the windscreen cell the driver is focusing on using eye-gesture templates. Intersecting the driver-s field of view through the observed windscreen cell with subsections of the camera-s field of view containing a potential hazard allows Ni-DASS to estimate the probability that the driver has actually observed the hazard. Results have shown that the proposed technique is an accurate enough measure of driver observation to be useful in ADAS systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Advanced%20Driver%20Assistance%20Systems%20%28ADAS%29" title="Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)">Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Driver%20Hazard%20Awareness" title=" Driver Hazard Awareness"> Driver Hazard Awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Driver%20Vigilance" title=" Driver Vigilance"> Driver Vigilance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eye%20Tracking" title=" Eye Tracking"> Eye Tracking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15441/eye-gesture-analysis-for-driver-hazard-awareness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15441/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15441/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15441/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15441/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15441/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15441/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15441/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15441/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15441/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15441/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15441.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">281</span> Automated Heart Sound Classification from Unsegmented Phonocardiogram Signals Using Time Frequency Features</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nadia%20Masood%20Khan">Nadia Masood Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Salman%20Khan"> Muhammad Salman Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gul%20Muhammad%20Khan"> Gul Muhammad Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cardiologists perform cardiac auscultation to detect abnormalities in heart sounds. Since accurate auscultation is a crucial first step in screening patients with heart diseases, there is a need to develop computer-aided detection/diagnosis (CAD) systems to assist cardiologists in interpreting heart sounds and provide second opinions. In this paper different algorithms are implemented for automated heart sound classification using unsegmented phonocardiogram (PCG) signals. Support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN) and cartesian genetic programming evolved artificial neural network (CGPANN) without the application of any segmentation algorithm has been explored in this study. The signals are first pre-processed to remove any unwanted frequencies. Both time and frequency domain features are then extracted for training the different models. The different algorithms are tested in multiple scenarios and their strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Results indicate that SVM outperforms the rest with an accuracy of 73.64%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pattern%20recognition" title="Pattern recognition">Pattern recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=computer%20aided%0D%0Adiagnosis" title="computer aided diagnosis">computer aided diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heart%20sound%20classification" title=" heart sound classification"> heart sound classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%20feature%20extraction." title=" and feature extraction."> and feature extraction.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009310/automated-heart-sound-classification-from-unsegmented-phonocardiogram-signals-using-time-frequency-features" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009310/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009310/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009310/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009310/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009310/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009310/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009310/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009310/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009310/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009310/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">280</span> Subjective Quality Assessment for Impaired Videos with Varying Spatial and Temporal Information</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Rehan%20Usman">Muhammad Rehan Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Arslan%20Usman"> Muhammad Arslan Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soo%20Young%20Shin"> Soo Young Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The new era of digital communication has brought up many challenges that network operators need to overcome. The high demand of mobile data rates require improved networks, which is a challenge for the operators in terms of maintaining the quality of experience (QoE) for their consumers. In live video transmission, there is a sheer need for live surveillance of the videos in order to maintain the quality of the network. For this purpose objective algorithms are employed to monitor the quality of the videos that are transmitted over a network. In order to test these objective algorithms, subjective quality assessment of the streamed videos is required, as the human eye is the best source of perceptual assessment. In this paper we have conducted subjective evaluation of videos with varying spatial and temporal impairments. These videos were impaired with frame freezing distortions so that the impact of frame freezing on the quality of experience could be studied. We present subjective Mean Opinion Score (MOS) for these videos that can be used for fine tuning the objective algorithms for video quality assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Frame%20freezing" title="Frame freezing">Frame freezing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mean%20opinion%20score" title=" mean opinion score"> mean opinion score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=objective%0D%0Aassessment" title=" objective assessment"> objective assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=subjective%20evaluation." title=" subjective evaluation."> subjective evaluation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001870/subjective-quality-assessment-for-impaired-videos-with-varying-spatial-and-temporal-information" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001870/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001870/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001870/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001870/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001870/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001870/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001870/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001870/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001870/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001870/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1796</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">279</span> Eye Gesture Analysis with Head Movement for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Nor%20Hafizah%20bt%20Mohd%20Zaid">Siti Nor Hafizah bt Mohd Zaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Abdel%20Maguid"> Mohamed Abdel Maguid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdel%20Hamid%20Soliman"> Abdel Hamid Soliman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Road traffic accidents are a major cause of death worldwide. In an attempt to reduce accidents, some research efforts have focused on creating Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) able to detect vehicle, driver and environmental conditions and to use this information to identify cues for potential accidents. This paper presents continued work on a novel Non-intrusive Intelligent Driver Assistance and Safety System (Ni-DASS) for assessing driver point of regard within vehicles. It uses an on-board CCD camera to observe the driver-s face. A template matching approach is used to compare the driver-s eye-gaze pattern with a set of eye-gesture templates of the driver looking at different focal points within the vehicle. The windscreen is divided into cells and comparison of the driver-s eye-gaze pattern with templates of a driver-s eyes looking at each cell is used to determine the driver-s point of regard on the windscreen. Results indicate that the proposed technique could be useful in situations where low resolution estimates of driver point of regard are adequate. For instance, To allow ADAS systems to alert the driver if he/she has positively failed to observe a hazard.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Head%20rotation" title="Head rotation">Head rotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eye-gestures" title=" Eye-gestures"> Eye-gestures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Windscreen" title="Windscreen">Windscreen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Template%0D%0Amatching." title=" Template matching."> Template matching.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13317/eye-gesture-analysis-with-head-movement-for-advanced-driver-assistance-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13317/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13317/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13317/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13317/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13317/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13317/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13317/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13317/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13317/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13317/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1796</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">278</span> Optimizing Logistics for Courier Organizations with Considerations of Congestions and Pickups: A Courier Delivery System in Amman as Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nader%20A.%20Al%20Theeb">Nader A. Al Theeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zaid%20Abu%20Manneh"> Zaid Abu Manneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20Al-Qadi"> Ibrahim Al-Qadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a combinatorial integer optimization problem that asks "What is the optimal route for a vehicle to traverse in order to deliver requests to a given set of customers?”. It is widely used by the package carrier companies’ distribution centers. The main goal of applying the TSP in courier organizations is to minimize the time that it takes for the courier in each trip to deliver or pick up the shipments during a day. In this article, an optimization model is constructed to create a new TSP variant to optimize the routing in a courier organization with a consideration of congestion in Amman, the capital of Jordan. Real data were collected by different methods and analyzed. Then, concert technology - CPLEX was used to solve the proposed model for some random generated data instances and for the real collected data. At the end, results have shown a great improvement in time compared with the current trip times, and an economic study was conducted afterwards to figure out the impact of using such models.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Travel%20salesman%20problem" title="Travel salesman problem">Travel salesman problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=congestions" title=" congestions"> congestions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pick-up" title=" pick-up"> pick-up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=integer%20programming" title=" integer programming"> integer programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=package%20carriers" title=" package carriers"> package carriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=service%20engineering." title=" service engineering. "> service engineering. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007580/optimizing-logistics-for-courier-organizations-with-considerations-of-congestions-and-pickups-a-courier-delivery-system-in-amman-as-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007580/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007580/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007580/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007580/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007580/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007580/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007580/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007580/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007580/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007580/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">941</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">277</span> Effect of Recombinant Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone on Meiotic Competence of In Vitro Grown Nili Ravi Buffalo Oocytes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Ijaz%20Khan">Muhammad Ijaz Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samina%20Jalali"> Samina Jalali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Beenish%20Shahid"> Beenish Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20A.%20Shami"> S. A. Shami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Ikramullah"> Muhammad Ikramullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, the response of Nili Ravi buffalo oocytes to recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rhFSH) (Organon) on meiotic maturation in vitro was examined. Oocytes were matured in vitro in medium containing either 0 or 0.05 IU/ ml rhFSH and the stage of nuclear maturation recorded after 24 hours. The percentage of oocytes in the control group undergoing germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) observed after 24 hours of culture was 29 % whereas as in rhFSH group the percentage was 10 % were at this stage (P< 0.001).Thus in the presence of rhFSH, a significantly greater number of oocytes had progressed to the more advanced stages of nuclear maturation. Indeed, the maturation of GV (Germinal Vesicle) stage oocytes to the metaphase II (M II) stage after 24 hours was significantly (P< 0.0001) increased by the addition of rhFSH (82 % VS 47 %). The percentage of degenerated oocytes after 24 hours of culture was 24 % in control group, whereas in rhFSH group the percentage was 8 % after 24 hours. Degeneration of the oocytes after 24 hours was not significantly (P = 0. 9361) decreased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Buffalo" title="Buffalo">Buffalo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=in%20vitro" title=" in vitro"> in vitro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=oocytes" title=" oocytes"> oocytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=recombinant%20FSH." title=" recombinant FSH."> recombinant FSH.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7780/effect-of-recombinant-human-follicle-stimulating-hormone-on-meiotic-competence-of-in-vitro-grown-nili-ravi-buffalo-oocytes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7780/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7780/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7780/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7780/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7780/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7780/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7780/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7780/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7780/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7780/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">276</span> Bioprocessing of Proximally Analyzed Wheat Straw for Enhanced Cellulase Production through Process Optimization with Trichodermaviride under SSF</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ishtiaq%20Ahmed">Ishtiaq Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Anjum%20Zia"> Muhammad Anjum Zia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Nasir%20Iqbal"> Hafiz Muhammad Nasir Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present work was to study the production and process parameters optimization for the synthesis of cellulase from Trichoderma viride in solid state fermentation (SSF) using an agricultural wheat straw as substrates; as fungal conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for cellulase production is one among the major increasing demand for various biotechnological applications. An optimization of process parameters is a necessary step to get higher yield of product. Several kinetic parameters like pretreatment, extraction solvent, substrate concentration, initial moisture content, pH, incubation temperature and inoculum size were optimized for enhanced production of third most demanded industrially important cellulase. The maximum cellulase enzyme activity 398.10±2.43 μM/mL/min was achieved when proximally analyzed lignocellulosic substrate wheat straw inocubated at 2% HCl as pretreatment tool along with distilled water as extraction solvent, 3% substrate concentration 40% moisture content with optimum pH 5.5 at 45°C incubation temperature and 10% inoculum size. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cellulase" title="Cellulase">Cellulase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lignocellulosic%20residue" title=" Lignocellulosic residue"> Lignocellulosic residue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Processoptimization" title=" Processoptimization"> Processoptimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Proximal%20analysis" title=" Proximal analysis"> Proximal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SSF" title=" SSF"> SSF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trichoderma%20viride." title=" Trichoderma viride."> Trichoderma viride.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14480/bioprocessing-of-proximally-analyzed-wheat-straw-for-enhanced-cellulase-production-through-process-optimization-with-trichodermaviride-under-ssf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14480/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14480/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14480/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14480/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14480/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> 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