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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Meeting in Prizren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meeting_in_Prizren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Berlin_Congress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berlin_Congress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Berlin Congress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Berlin_Congress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_resistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_resistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Military resistance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_resistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_league" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_league"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>End of the league</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_league-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">League of Prizren</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%86" title="عصبة بريزرن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عصبة بريزرن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Призрен лигаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Призрен лигаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Прызрэнская ліга – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прызрэнская ліга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Прызрэнская ліга – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Прызрэнская ліга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Призренска лига – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Призренска лига" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizrenska_liga" title="Prizrenska liga – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prizrenska liga" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizrensk%C3%A1_liga" title="Prizrenská liga – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prizrenská liga" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_von_Prizren" title="Liga von Prizren – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liga von Prizren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizreni_liiga" title="Prizreni liiga – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prizreni liiga" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Призренэнь лига – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Призренэнь лига" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_de_Prizren" title="Liga de Prizren – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Liga de Prizren" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligue_de_Prizren" title="Ligue de Prizren – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ligue de Prizren" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%88%EB%A0%8C_%EB%8F%99%EB%A7%B9" title="프리즈렌 동맹 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프리즈렌 동맹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizrenska_liga" title="Prizrenska liga – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prizrenska liga" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_Prizren" title="Liga Prizren – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Liga Prizren" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lega_di_Prizren" title="Lega di Prizren – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lega di Prizren" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%92%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="הליגה של פריזרן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הליגה של פריזרן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%90" title="პრიზრენის ლიგა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პრიზრენის ლიგა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizrenas_l%C4%ABga" title="Prizrenas līga – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Prizrenas līga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizreno_lyga" title="Prizreno lyga – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prizreno lyga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizreni_Liga" title="Prizreni Liga – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Prizreni Liga" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Призренска лига – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Призренска лига" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BA%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E9%80%A3%E7%9B%9F" title="プリズレン連盟 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プリズレン連盟" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizrenligaen" title="Prizrenligaen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Prizrenligaen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_Prizre%C5%84ska" title="Liga Prizreńska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liga Prizreńska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_de_Prizren" title="Liga de Prizren – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Liga de Prizren" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_de_la_Prizren" title="Liga de la Prizren – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Liga de la Prizren" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Призренская лига – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Призренская лига" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidhja_e_Prizrenit" title="Lidhja e Prizrenit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lidhja e Prizrenit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizrenska_liga" title="Prizrenska liga – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prizrenska liga" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Призренска лига – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Призренска лига" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizrenska_liga" title="Prizrenska liga – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prizrenska liga" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizrenf%C3%B6rbundet" title="Prizrenförbundet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Prizrenförbundet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizren_%C4%B0ttifak%C4%B1" title="Prizren İttifakı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Prizren İttifakı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Призренська ліга – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Призренська ліга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q829597#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">League of Prizren</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Lidhja e Prizrenit</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:League_of_Prizren_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/League_of_Prizren_Map.png/270px-League_of_Prizren_Map.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/League_of_Prizren_Map.png/405px-League_of_Prizren_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/League_of_Prizren_Map.png/540px-League_of_Prizren_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1839" data-file-height="1652" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The four Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire#Administrative_reform.2C_1864" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire">vilayets</a> clearly divided (in red: Vilayet of İşkodra, Yannina, Monastir and Kosovo as proposed by the League of Prizren for full autonomy).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">10 June 1878<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1878-06-10</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data">47 Albanian <a href="/wiki/Bey_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bey (title)">beys</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">April 1881</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prizren" title="Prizren">Prizren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">Kosovo Vilayet</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abdyl_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Abdyl Frashëri">Abdyl Frashëri</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="League_of_Prizren_conflicts" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="League_of_Prizren_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><span style="font-size:93%;">League of Prizren conflicts</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Plav_and_Gusinje" title="Battles for Plav and Gusinje">Battles for Plav and Gusinje</a> (<a href="/wiki/Velika_attacks_(1879)" title="Velika attacks (1879)">Battle of Velika</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nov%C5%A1i%C4%87e" title="Battle of Novšiće">Battle of Novšiće</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murino" title="Battle of Murino">Battle of Murino</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulcinj_(1880)" title="Battle of Ulcinj (1880)">Battle of Ulcinj</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Attack_against_Mehmed_Ali_Pasha" title="Attack against Mehmed Ali Pasha">Battle of Gjakova</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slivova" title="Battle of Slivova">Battle of Slivova</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>League of Prizren</b> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Besëlidhja e Prizrenit</i>), officially the <b>League for the Defense of the Rights of the Albanian Nation</b> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Lidhja për mbrojtjen e të drejtave te kombit Shqiptar</i>), was an <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanian</a> political organization that was officially founded on June 10, 1878 in the old town of <a href="/wiki/Prizren" title="Prizren">Prizren</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">Kosovo Vilayet</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. It was suppressed in April 1881. </p><p>The Treaties of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano" title="Treaty of San Stefano">San Stefano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Berlin</a> assigned areas inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a> to other states. The inability of the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_Porte" title="Sublime Porte">Porte</a> to protect the interests of a region that was 70 percent Muslim and largely loyal forced Albanian leaders to organize their own defence and to consider the creation of an autonomous administration, as <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Serbia</a> and the other <a href="/wiki/Danubian_Principalities" title="Danubian Principalities">Danubian Principalities</a> had enjoyed before their independence.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The league was established at a meeting of 47 Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Bey_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bey (title)">beys</a>. The initial position of the league was presented in the document known as <a href="/wiki/Kararname_(League_of_Prizren)" title="Kararname (League of Prizren)">Kararname</a>. With that document, Albanian leaders emphasized their intention to establish autonomy within the Ottoman Empire by supporting the Porte and "to struggle in arms to defend the wholeness of the territories of Albania". The document said nothing explicitly about reforms, schools, autonomy or the union of the Albanian population within one vilayet, but under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Abdyl_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Abdyl Frashëri">Abdyl Frashëri</a>, that initial position changed radically and resulted in demands for an independent Albanian state and open war against the Ottoman Empire. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Prizren&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:19.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Albania" title="Category:History of Albania">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">History of <span class="fn org label">Albania</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State emblem of Albania"><img alt="State emblem of Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Early History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Albanians" title="Origin of the Albanians">Origin of the Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Medieval</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Albania under the Byzantine Empire">Byzantine rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Albania under the Bulgarian Empire">Bulgarian rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Arbanon" title="Principality of Arbanon">Principality of Arbanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Albania_(medieval)" title="Kingdom of Albania (medieval)">Angevin Kingdom of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania_(medieval)" title="Principality of Albania (medieval)">Principality of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Albania under Serbia in the Middle Ages">Serbian rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_principalities" title="Albanian principalities">Principalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="League of Lezhë">League of Lezhë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Albania" title="Venetian Albania">Venetian Albania</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Early modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Mirdita" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Mirdita">Principality of Mirdita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Albania" title="Islamization of Albania">Islamization of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Albania" title="Sanjak of Albania">Sanjak of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Scutari" title="Sanjak of Scutari">Sanjak of Scutari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Dibra" title="Sanjak of Dibra">Sanjak of Dibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scutari_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutari Vilayet">Scutari Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janina_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Janina Vilayet">Janina Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manastir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manastir Vilayet">Manastir Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">Kosovo Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Pashaliks" title="Albanian Pashaliks">Pashaliks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Albanian_Beys" title="Massacre of the Albanian Beys">Massacre of the <i>beys</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">National Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolts_of_1833%E2%80%931839" title="Albanian revolts of 1833–1839">Revolts of 1833–1839</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Dervish_Cara" title="Uprising of Dervish Cara">Revolt of 1843–1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1845" title="Albanian revolt of 1845">Revolt of 1845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1847" title="Albanian revolt of 1847">Revolt of 1847</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Peja" title="League of Peja">League of Peja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">Revolt of 1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1911" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian revolt of 1911">Revolt of 1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_De%C3%A7iq" title="Battle of Deçiq">Battle of Deçiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">Revolt of 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Vilayet" title="Albanian Vilayet">Albanian Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Late modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Albania" title="Independent Albania">Independent Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Albania" title="Provisional Government of Albania">Provisional Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Congress_of_Trieste" title="Albanian Congress of Trieste">Congress of Trieste</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Control_Commission_(Albania)" title="International Control Commission (Albania)">International Commission of Control</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Albania during the Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_Revolt_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Peasant Revolt in Albania">Peasant Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_Albania" title="World War I in Albania">World War I in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Central_Albania" title="Republic of Central Albania">Republic of Central Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB" title="Autonomous Province of Korçë">Republic of Korçë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mirdita" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Mirdita">Republic of Mirdita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_over_Albania" title="Italian protectorate over Albania">Italian protectorate (southern)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Durr%C3%ABs" title="Congress of Durrës">Congress of Durrës</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Lushnj%C3%AB" title="Congress of Lushnjë">Congress of Lushnjë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_over_Albania" title="Italian protectorate over Albania">Italian protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania#June_Revolution" title="History of Albania">June Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Principality (Regency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931928)" title="Albanian Republic (1925–1928)">Albanian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albanian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania under Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">German occupation of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">World War II in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Prizren" title="Second League of Prizren">Second League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Albania)" title="Liberation Day (Albania)">Liberation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">Socialist Albania</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Contemporary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Post-Communist_Albania" title="History of Post-Communist Albania">Post-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Albanian_civil_unrest" title="1997 Albanian civil unrest">1997 Albanian civil unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Republic of Albania</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_art" title="Albanian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Albania" title="Economy of Albania">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_name" title="Albanian name">Names</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Albanian_history" title="Timeline of Albanian history">Timeline</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Albania" title="Template:History of Albania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Albania" title="Template talk:History of Albania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Albania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Albania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">1877–78 Russo-Turkish War</a> dealt a decisive blow to Ottoman power in the Balkan Peninsula, leaving the empire with only a precarious hold on <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> and the eastern Balkans. The Albanians' fear that the lands they inhabited would be partitioned among <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Montenegro" title="Principality of Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bulgaria" title="Principality of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> fueled the rise of resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych38_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych38-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi3334_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi3334-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first postwar treaty, the abortive <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano" title="Treaty of San Stefano">Treaty of San Stefano</a> signed on March 3, 1878, assigned areas claimed by the League of Prizren to Serbia, Montenegro, and Bulgaria.<sup id="cite_ref-Skendi3334_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi3334-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> blocked the arrangement because it awarded Russia a predominant position in the Balkans and thereby upset the European <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_in_international_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Balance of power in international relations">balance of power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych4445_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych4445-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi43_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi43-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A peace conference to settle the dispute was held later in the year in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych45_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych45-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi4344_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi4344-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The overall situation influenced Albanians to organize themselves as the Local Councils for National Salvation with the aim to protect the Albanian populated lands.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych40_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych40-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi36_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi36-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1877 the issue of defending territorial integrity had become difficult. On December 13, 1877, the Serbs declared war on Ottoman Empire, as did Montenegro.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych39_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych39-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both were supported by the Russian Army and spread their attacks across the northern parts of Albania. The Albanians were unable to defend several regions and cities in the northeast and northwest of Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych4344_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych4344-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon occupation of these lands, the Ottoman administrators (of mainly Albanian origin) fled the territories and/or were expelled. During the Russo-Turkish war, the incoming Serb army <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Albanians,_1877%E2%80%931878" class="mw-redirect" title="Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877–1878">expelled most of the Muslim Albanian population</a> from the Toplica and Niš regions into Kosovo, triggering the emergence of what became the League of Prizren (1878–1881) as a response to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Great Eastern Crisis">Great Eastern Crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kostov40_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kostov40-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Poulton65_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poulton65-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frantz460461_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frantz460461-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Influenced by these events the Local Councils for National Salvation merged into a single coordination body. The Albanians, on December 12, 1877 established in Istanbul the Central Committee for the Defense of Rights of the Albanian Nation.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych44_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych44-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi36_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi36-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Treaty of San Stefano triggered profound anxiety among the Albanians and Bosniaks, and it spurred their leaders to organize a defense of the lands they inhabited.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych45_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych45-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi353847_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi353847-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the spring of 1877, influential Albanians in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> – including <a href="/wiki/Abdyl_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Abdyl Frashëri">Abdyl Frashëri</a>, the Albanian national movement's leading figure during its early years – organized a committee to direct the Albanians' resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych44_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych44-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May the group called for a general meeting of representatives from all the areas where Albanian communities existed during that time.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych44_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych44-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi3637_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi3637-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Committee's members were Ali Ibra, Zija Prishtina, <a href="/wiki/Sami_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Sami Frashëri">Sami Frashëri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jani_Vreto" title="Jani Vreto">Jani Vreto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaso_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaso Pasha">Vaso Pasha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baca_Kurti_Gjokaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Baca Kurti Gjokaj">Baca Kurti Gjokaj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdyl_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Abdyl Frashëri">Abdyl Frashëri</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meeting_in_Prizren">Meeting in Prizren</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Prizren&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Meeting in Prizren"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Kararname_(League_of_Prizren)" title="Kararname (League of Prizren)">Kararname (League of Prizren)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdyl_Frash%C3%ABri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Abdyl_Frash%C3%ABri.jpg/175px-Abdyl_Frash%C3%ABri.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Abdyl_Frash%C3%ABri.jpg/263px-Abdyl_Frash%C3%ABri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Abdyl_Frash%C3%ABri.jpg/350px-Abdyl_Frash%C3%ABri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abdyl_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Abdyl Frashëri">Abdyl Frashëri</a>, leading figure of the League of Prizren movement</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We wholeheartedly wish to live in peace with all our neighbours, Serbia, Montenegro, Greece and Bulgaria... We do not want and do not ask anything of them, but we are all determined to protect that which is ours.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Excerpt from the League of Prizren's platform, 1878, <sup id="cite_ref-Bytyci9_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bytyci9-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote><p>The League of Prizren was created by a group of Albanian intellectuals to resist partition among neighboring Balkan states and to assert an Albanian national consciousness by uniting Albanians into a unitary linguistic and cultural nation.<sup id="cite_ref-Kostov40_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kostov40-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Poulton65_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poulton65-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the meeting in Prizren a <i><a href="/wiki/Kararname_(League_of_Prizren)" title="Kararname (League of Prizren)">kararname</a></i> was signed by 47 beys on June 18, 1878. The document represented an initial position, mainly supported by landlords and individuals related to the Ottoman administration.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych46_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych46-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Article 1 of this document, these Albanian leaders restated their intention to preserve and maintain the territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans by supporting the Porte and "to struggle in arms to defend the wholeness of the territories of Albania". Article 6 of the same document restated the hostility of the <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">independence</a> of both <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>. "We should not allow foreign armies to tread on our land. We should not recognize Bulgaria's name. If Serbia does not leave peacefully the illegally occupied countries, we should send <a href="/wiki/Bashibazouk" class="mw-redirect" title="Bashibazouk">bashibazouks</a> (akindjias) and strive until the end to liberate these regions, including Montenegro."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the first meeting of the league the decision memorandum (<i><a href="/wiki/Kararname_(League_of_Prizren)" title="Kararname (League of Prizren)">kararname</a></i>) said nothing explicitly about reforms, schools, autonomy or the union of the Albanian population within one vilayet.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrychab4647_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrychab4647-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was at first not an appeal for Albanian <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">independence</a>, or even <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a> within <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> but, as proposed by <a href="/wiki/Pashko_Vasa" title="Pashko Vasa">Pashko Vasa</a>, simply the unification of all claimed territory within one vilayet.<sup id="cite_ref-Elsie_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elsie-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The participants wanted to return to the status quo before the start of <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych47_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych47-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi45_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi45-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main aim was to defend from immediate dangers.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych47_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych47-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon that position changed radically and resulted in demands of autonomy and open war against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> as formulated by Abdyl Frashëri.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Berlin_Congress">Berlin Congress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Prizren&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Berlin Congress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Bajrak_of_Kashnjeti_(1878).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Bajrak_of_Kashnjeti_%281878%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Bajrak_of_Kashnjeti_%281878%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Bajrak_of_Kashnjeti_%281878%29.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_Bajrak_of_Kashnjeti_%281878%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Bajrak_of_Kashnjeti_%281878%29.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Bajrak_of_Kashnjeti_%281878%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="249" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of the flag of the Bajrak of Kashnjeti used at the event is the only surviving flag of that period.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Just as we are not and do not want to be Turks, so we shall oppose with all our might anyone who would like to turn us into Slavs or Austrians or Greeks, we want to be Albanians.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Excerpt from the League of Prizren memorandum to the British delegation at the Berlin Congress, 1878, <sup id="cite_ref-Merrill229_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merrill229-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote><p>In July 1878, the 60 member board of the League of Prizren, led by Abdyl Bey Frashëri, sent a letter to the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin, asking for the settling of Albanian issues resulting from the Turkish War.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych4748_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych4748-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The memorandum was ignored by the congress, which recognized the competing claims of Serbia and Bulgaria to territories surrendered by the Ottoman Empire over those of the Albanians.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych4849_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych4849-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The League of Prizren feared that the Albanians would not win in their claims to Epirus over Greece, and organized an armed resistance in Gusinje, Shkodra, Prizren, and Yanina.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych495053_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych495053-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi5582_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi5582-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The San Stefano treaty was later superseded by the Treaty of Berlin at the insistence of Austria-Hungary and Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych4445_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych4445-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This latter treaty, however, recognized the rival claims of other nations in the region over those of the Albanians.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych7071_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych7071-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a> ignored the memorandum from the league with German chancellor <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> even proclaiming that an Albanian nation did not exist and that Albania was "just a geographic notion".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (October 2019)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Bismarck showed his disdain for excessive involvement in Balkan affairs, saying "The whole Balkan is not worth the healthy bones of a single Pomeranian grenadier."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The congress ceded to Montenegro the cities of <a href="/wiki/Bar,_Montenegro" title="Bar, Montenegro">Bar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a> and areas around the mountain towns of <a href="/wiki/Gusinje" title="Gusinje">Gusinje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plav,_Montenegro" title="Plav, Montenegro">Plav</a>, which Albanian leaders considered Albanian territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych496163_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych496163-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi383951_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi383951-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbia also gained some territory with an Albanian population.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych49_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych49-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter, the vast majority of whom were loyal to the empire, vehemently opposed the territorial losses.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych4748_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych4748-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Prizren&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_delegation_of_Sanjak_of_Shkodra_in_the_League_of_Prizren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/The_delegation_of_Sanjak_of_Shkodra_in_the_League_of_Prizren.jpg/250px-The_delegation_of_Sanjak_of_Shkodra_in_the_League_of_Prizren.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/The_delegation_of_Sanjak_of_Shkodra_in_the_League_of_Prizren.jpg/375px-The_delegation_of_Sanjak_of_Shkodra_in_the_League_of_Prizren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/The_delegation_of_Sanjak_of_Shkodra_in_the_League_of_Prizren.jpg/500px-The_delegation_of_Sanjak_of_Shkodra_in_the_League_of_Prizren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>Group photo of some of the League of Prizren delegates</figcaption></figure> <p>On June 10, 1878, about eighty delegates, mostly Muslim religious leaders, clan chiefs, and other influential people from the Ottoman <i><a href="/wiki/Vilayet" title="Vilayet">vilayets</a></i> of Kosovo, <a href="/wiki/Bitola" title="Bitola">Monastir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina">Yanina</a>, met in the city of Prizren, (Kosova then <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych4546_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych4546-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 300 Muslims participated on the assembly, including delegates from Bosnia and the mutasarrif (administrator of sanjak) of Prizren as representative of the central authorities, and no delegates from <a href="/wiki/Scutari_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutari Vilayet">Scutari Vilayet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delegates set up a standing organization, the League of Prizren, under the direction of a central committee that had the power to impose taxes and raise an army.<sup id="cite_ref-Skendi3756_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi3756-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The league of Prizren consisted of two branches: the Prizren and the southern branch.<sup id="cite_ref-Skendi434454_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi434454-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Prizren branch was led by Iljas Dibra and it had representatives from the areas of Kırçova (<a href="/wiki/Kicevo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kicevo">Kicevo</a>), Kalkandelen (<a href="/wiki/Tetovo" title="Tetovo">Tetovo</a>), Priştine (<a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Prishtina</a>), Mitroviça (<a href="/wiki/Mitrovica,_Kosovo" title="Mitrovica, Kosovo">Mitrovica</a>), Vıçıtırın (<a href="/wiki/Vushtrri" title="Vushtrri">Vushtrri</a>), Üsküp (<a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>), Gilan (<a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a>), Manastır (<a href="/wiki/Bitola" title="Bitola">Bitola</a>), Debre (<a href="/wiki/Debar" title="Debar">Debar</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Gostivar" title="Gostivar">Gostivar</a>. The southern branch, led by <a href="/wiki/Abdyl_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Abdyl Frashëri">Abdyl Frashëri</a> consisted of sixteen representatives from the areas of <a href="/wiki/Kolonj%C3%AB" title="Kolonjë">Kolonjë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB" title="Korçë">Korçë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arta,_Greece" title="Arta, Greece">Arta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berat" title="Berat">Berat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parga" title="Parga">Parga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr" title="Gjirokastër">Gjirokastër</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%ABrmet" title="Përmet">Përmet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramythia" title="Paramythia">Paramythia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filiates" title="Filiates">Filiates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margariti" title="Margariti">Margariti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB" title="Vlorë">Vlorë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tepelen%C3%AB" title="Tepelenë">Tepelenë</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delvin%C3%AB" title="Delvinë">Delvinë</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these regions the movement was primarily Muslim, due to the fact that most of the Orthodox population was under Greek influence.<sup id="cite_ref-Skendi108_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi108-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, in the northern regions both Muslim and Catholic populations supported the objectives of the League of Prizren.<sup id="cite_ref-Skendi38108_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi38108-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At first the Ottoman authorities supported the League of Prizren, but the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_Porte" title="Sublime Porte">Sublime Porte</a> pressed the delegates to declare themselves to be first and foremost Ottomans rather than Albanians.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych4560616567_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych4560616567-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi43105_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi43105-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some delegates, led by <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mustafa_Ruhi_Efendi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Mustafa Ruhi Efendi">Sheikh Mustafa Ruhi Efendi</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Kalkandelen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalkandelen">Kalkandelen</a>, supported this position and advocated emphasizing Muslim solidarity and the defense of Muslim lands, including present-day <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>. This initial position of the league, based on the religious solidarity of the <a href="/wiki/Landlords" class="mw-redirect" title="Landlords">landlords</a> and the people connected with the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Porte" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Porte">Ottoman administration</a> and the religious authorities, was the reason for naming the league The Committee of the Real Muslims (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Komiteti i Myslimanëve të Vërtetë</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other representatives, under Frashëri's leadership, focused on working toward Albanian autonomy and establishing and Albanian state by creating a sense of Albanian identity that would cut across religious and tribal lines.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych5360_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych5360-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi89929495_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi89929495-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ottoman state briefly supported the league's claims viewing Albanian nationalism as possibly preventing further territorial losses to newly independent Balkan states.<sup id="cite_ref-PutoMaurizio172_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PutoMaurizio172-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goldwyn255_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldwyn255-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_resistance">Military resistance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Prizren&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Military resistance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ali_pasha_i_Prizrenska_liga_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ali_pasha_i_Prizrenska_liga_%281%29.jpg/250px-Ali_pasha_i_Prizrenska_liga_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ali_pasha_i_Prizrenska_liga_%281%29.jpg/375px-Ali_pasha_i_Prizrenska_liga_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ali_pasha_i_Prizrenska_liga_%281%29.jpg/500px-Ali_pasha_i_Prizrenska_liga_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Gusinje" title="Ali Pasha of Gusinje">Ali Pasha of Gusinje</a> (seated, left) with <a href="/wiki/Haxhi_Zeka" title="Haxhi Zeka">Haxhi Zeka</a> (seated, middle) and some other members of the <a href="/wiki/Prizren_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Prizren League">Prizren League</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Failing to win their claims on a diplomatic level, Albanians embarked on the route of military conflict with their Balkan neighbors.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych4850_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych4850-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi4344_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi4344-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Prizren League had 30,000 armed members under its control, who launched a revolution against the Ottoman Empire after the debacle at the Congress of Berlin and the official dissolution of the League ordered by the Ottomans who feared the League would seek total independence from the empire.<sup id="cite_ref-Skendi379697101107_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi379697101107-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first military operation of the league was the <a href="/wiki/Attack_against_Mehmed_Ali_Pasha" title="Attack against Mehmed Ali Pasha">attack against Mehmed Ali Pasha</a>, the Ottoman marshal who would oversee the transfer of Plav-Gucia area to Montenegro.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych49_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych49-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi5758_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi5758-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 4, 1879 members of the league participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nov%C5%A1i%C4%87e" title="Battle of Novšiće">Battle of Novšiće</a> and defeated Montenegrin forces who tried to take control over <a href="/wiki/Plav,_Montenegro" title="Plav, Montenegro">Plav</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gusinje" title="Gusinje">Gusinje</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych6162_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych6162-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi6061_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi6061-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Balkanologie140_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balkanologie140-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the breakout of open war the League took over control from the Ottomans in the Kosovo towns of <a href="/wiki/Vushtrri" title="Vushtrri">Vushtrri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peja" title="Peja">Peja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitrovica,_Kosovo" title="Mitrovica, Kosovo">Mitrovica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prizren" title="Prizren">Prizren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gjakova" title="Gjakova">Gjakova</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych6667_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych6667-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1880, northeastern Albanian delegates proposed creating an autonomous Albanian province, with Monastir or Ohrid as its capital, locally appointed officials, and partial revenue allocation to the Ottoman central government. This proposal, presented by the Prizren League to the sultan, was echoed in an October 1880 assembly in Dibra, which called for Albania's unification. Prominent figures, including Xhemal Bey, Abdul Bey Frashëri, and Dervish Mustafa Efendi, worked to rally support and foster unity across northern and southern Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1881, <a href="/wiki/Sulejman_Vokshi" title="Sulejman Vokshi">Sulejman Vokshi</a> of Gjakova led League troops in the capture of Skopje and Prishtina. In February, the League's forces captured Dibra and forced the Ottoman administration to withdraw. Guided by the autonomous movement, the League rejected Ottoman authority and sought complete secession from the Porte. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1878, the Congress of Berlin ordered a commission to trace a border between the Ottoman Empire and Montenegro.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych61_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych61-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The congress also directed Greece and the Ottoman Empire to negotiate a solution to their border dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych6068_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych6068-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi52_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi52-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Albanians' successful resistance to the treaty forced the Great Powers to return <a href="/wiki/Gusinje" title="Gusinje">Gusinje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plav,_Montenegro" title="Plav, Montenegro">Plav</a> to the Ottoman Empire and grant Montenegro the mostly Albanian-populated coastal town of <a href="/wiki/Ulcinj" title="Ulcinj">Ulcinj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych6162_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych6162-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi6162_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi6162-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There the Albanians refused to surrender. Finally, the Great Powers blockaded Ulcinj by sea and pressured the Ottoman authorities to bring the Albanians under control.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych6263_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych6263-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi6568_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi6568-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Albanian diplomatic and military efforts were successful in wresting control of <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a>, however some lands were still ceded to Greece by 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych6368_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych6368-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi6982_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi6982-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Great Powers decided in 1881 to cede Greece <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a> and the district of <a href="/wiki/Arta_(regional_unit)" title="Arta (regional unit)">Arta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych68_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych68-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi82_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi82-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In areas like Kastoria, Prilep, Bitola and Veles where an Albanian population was present, the local Bulgarian movement of the day was defeated when armed Bulgarian groups were repelled by the League of Prizren who opposed Bulgarian geopolitical aims.<sup id="cite_ref-Rama90_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rama90-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ottoman Empire sought to suppress the League and they dispatched an army led by Ottoman commander Dervish Pasha, that by April 1881 had captured Prizren and crushed the resistance at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulcinj" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ulcinj">Battle of Ulcinj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych626668_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych626668-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi676899103107_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi676899103107-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaders of the league and their families were either killed or arrested and deported.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych8081_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych8081-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WallerDrezov173_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WallerDrezov173-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="End_of_the_league">End of the league</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Prizren&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: End of the league"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Faced with growing international pressure to "pacify" the refractory Albanians, the sultan dispatched a large army under Dervish Turgut Pasha to suppress the League of Prizren and deliver <a href="/wiki/Ulcinj" title="Ulcinj">Ulcinj</a> to <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych62636668_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych62636668-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi676899103107_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi676899103107-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This culminated in conflict between the League and the innumerable forces of the Ottomans, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slivova" title="Battle of Slivova">Battle of Slivova</a>, in which a small, poorly-armed force of Albanian resistance fighters were defeated by an Ottoman expeditionary force of 20 battalions, albeit not without great cost for the Ottomans. Albanians who were loyal to the empire supported the Sublime Porte's military intervention. In April 1881, Dervish Pasha's 10,000 men captured Prizren and later crushed the resistance at Ulcinj.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych626668_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych626668-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi676899103107_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi676899103107-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The League of Prizren's leaders and their families were arrested and deported.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych8081_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych8081-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WallerDrezov173_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WallerDrezov173-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frashëri, who originally received a death sentence, was imprisoned until 1885 and exiled until his death seven years later.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych8081_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych8081-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi105106_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi105106-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Prizren&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/League_of_Prizren" title="Special:EditPage/League of Prizren">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2011_Prizren,_Budynek_Ligi_Prizre%C5%84skiej_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/2011_Prizren%2C_Budynek_Ligi_Prizre%C5%84skiej_02.jpg/230px-2011_Prizren%2C_Budynek_Ligi_Prizre%C5%84skiej_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/2011_Prizren%2C_Budynek_Ligi_Prizre%C5%84skiej_02.jpg/345px-2011_Prizren%2C_Budynek_Ligi_Prizre%C5%84skiej_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/2011_Prizren%2C_Budynek_Ligi_Prizre%C5%84skiej_02.jpg/460px-2011_Prizren%2C_Budynek_Ligi_Prizre%C5%84skiej_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3509" data-file-height="3086" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Monumental_Complex_of_the_Albanian_League_of_Prizren" title="Monumental Complex of the Albanian League of Prizren">Monumental Complex of the Albanian League of Prizren</a> from inside the courtyard, and up in the background is the <a href="/wiki/Prizren_Fortress" title="Prizren Fortress">Prizren Fortress</a></figcaption></figure><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:League_of_Prizren,_Kosovo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/League_of_Prizren%2C_Kosovo.JPG/230px-League_of_Prizren%2C_Kosovo.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/League_of_Prizren%2C_Kosovo.JPG/345px-League_of_Prizren%2C_Kosovo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/League_of_Prizren%2C_Kosovo.JPG/460px-League_of_Prizren%2C_Kosovo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>View from the street</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legadiprizren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Legadiprizren.jpg/230px-Legadiprizren.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Legadiprizren.jpg/345px-Legadiprizren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Legadiprizren.jpg/460px-Legadiprizren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>League of Prizren Street in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cristina_Gela" title="Santa Cristina Gela">Santa Cristina Gela</a> in honor of the <a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbëresh">Arbëresh</a> contribution to Albanian independence</figcaption></figure> <p>Formidable barriers frustrated Albanian leaders' efforts to instill in their people an Albanian rather than an Ottoman identity.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych82123_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych82123-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Divided into four vilayets, Albanians had no common geographical or political nerve center.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych82123_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych82123-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi89_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi89-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Albanians' religious differences forced nationalist leaders to give the national movement a purely secular character that alienated religious leaders. The most significant factor uniting the Albanians, their spoken language, lacked a standard literary form and even a standard alphabet. Each of the three available choices, the Latin, Cyrillic, and Arabic scripts, implied different political and religious orientations opposed by one or another element of the population. In 1878 there were no Albanian-language schools in the most developed of the areas claimed by the League, <a href="/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr" title="Gjirokastër">Gjirokastër</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berat" title="Berat">Berat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB" title="Vlorë">Vlorë</a> – where schools conducted classes either in Turkish or in Greek.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The League of Prizren was among the most obvious Albanian reactions to the dramatic withdrawal of the Albanians' imperial patrons, the Ottoman Empire, after almost four centuries of dominance in the Balkans. The aftermath of the Russo-Turkish war of 1878 produced the Treaty of San Stefano, which recognised the independence and/or territorial claims of Bulgaria, Montenegro and Serbia. After the Russo-Turkish war of 1877–1878. Albanian leaders from <a href="/wiki/Peja" title="Peja">Peja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gjakova" title="Gjakova">Gjakova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gusinje" title="Gusinje">Gusinje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luma_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Luma region">Luma</a>, and from <a href="/wiki/Debar" title="Debar">Debar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tetovo" title="Tetovo">Tetovo</a> met in <a href="/wiki/Vardar_Macedonia" title="Vardar Macedonia">Vardar Macedonia</a> to discuss the development of what would only later be regarded as a national platform. The group of proto-nationalists received all manner of material and financial support from the Ottoman Empire, which was faced with the realities of having to withdraw yet again from its occupied territories in the Balkans. The League of Prizren received funding, the highest quality weaponry, and diplomatic support from the Porte, which established the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_for_Defending_Albanian_Rights" title="Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights">Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights</a> in Constantinople in 1877.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Prizren&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> continued to crumble after the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a> and Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BCl_Hamid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdül Hamid II">Abdül Hamid II</a> resorted to repression to maintain order.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych9091104105108113139_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych9091104105108113139-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The authorities strove without success to control the political situation in the empire's Albanian-populated lands, arresting suspected nationalist activists.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych8081_74-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych8081-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the sultan refused Albanian demands for unification of the four Albanian-populated vilayets, Albanian leaders reorganized the League of Prizren and incited uprisings that brought the region, especially <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, to near anarchy. During the twenty five years that followed the abolition of the league the various uprisings were local in character and occurred mostly in the northern regions and especially in the <a href="/wiki/Vilayet_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilayet of Kosovo">Vilayet of Kosovo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Skendi213_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi213-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The imperial authorities disbanded a successor organisation, the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Peja" title="League of Peja">League of Peja</a> <i>(Besa-Besë)</i> founded in 1897, executed its president <a href="/wiki/Haxhi_Zeka" title="Haxhi Zeka">Haxhi Zeka</a> in 1902, and banned Albanian-language books and correspondence.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych125127_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych125127-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi195198_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi195198-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Macedonia, where <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a>-, and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbian</a>-backed guerrillas were fighting Ottoman authorities and one another for control, Muslim Albanians suffered attacks, and Albanian guerrilla groups retaliated.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych131135136_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych131135136-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi200204206212_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi200204206212-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1905 Albanian leaders meeting in <a href="/wiki/Monastir,_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastir, Ottoman Empire">Monastir</a> (Bitola) established the <a href="/wiki/Secret_Committee_for_the_Liberation_of_Albania" title="Secret Committee for the Liberation of Albania">Secret Committee for the Liberation of Albania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych147_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych147-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While it was active, the league managed to bring Albanian national interests before the Great Powers and paved the way for the League of Peja, which had greater foreign support from both Italy and the Austria-Hungarian Empire. </p><p>Despite it ultimate failure, the League of Prizren accomplished a great deal. Both Montenegro and Greece received less Albanian-claimed territory<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (June 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> than they would have otherwise received without the organized protest. This was the first step toward a national organization.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Kararname" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Kararname">Kararname (resolutions) of the Prizren Committee for National Defence</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Prizren&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Vilayet" title="Albanian Vilayet">Albanian Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Committee_of_Janina" title="Albanian Committee of Janina">Albanian Committee of Janina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_and_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian nationalism and independence">Albanian nationalism and independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_for_Defending_Albanian_Rights" title="Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights">Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Dibra" title="Convention of Dibra">Convention of Dibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Albanians,_1877%E2%80%931878" class="mw-redirect" title="Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877–1878">Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877–1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Peja" title="League of Peja">League of Peja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilindja_Komb%C3%ABtare" class="mw-redirect" title="Rilindja Kombëtare">Rilindja Kombëtare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Prizren" title="Second League of Prizren">Second League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_League_of_Prizren" title="Third League of Prizren">Third League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Albania" title="Partition of Albania">Partition of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1913)" title="Treaty of London (1913)">Treaty of London (1913)</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Prizren&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJelavich1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jelavich" title="Barbara Jelavich">Jelavich, Barbara</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qR4EeOrTm-0C&q=league+of+prizren&pg=PA361"><i>History of the Balkans: Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries</i></a>. Cambridge University: Cambridge University Press. p. 361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-25249-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-25249-2"><bdi>978-0-521-25249-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Balkans%3A+Eighteenth+and+nineteenth+centuries&rft.place=Cambridge+University&rft.pages=361&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-521-25249-2&rft.aulast=Jelavich&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqR4EeOrTm-0C%26q%3Dleague%2Bof%2Bprizren%26pg%3DPA361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych38-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych38_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi3334-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Skendi3334_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skendi3334_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych4445-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych4445_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych4445_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 44–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi43-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi43_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych45-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych45_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych45_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi4344-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Skendi4344_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skendi4344_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych40-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych40_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi36-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Skendi36_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skendi36_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych39-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych39_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych4344-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych4344_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kostov40-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kostov40_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kostov40_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKostov2010" class="citation book cs1">Kostov, Chris (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P-1m1FLtrvsC&q=League+of+Prizren"><i>Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto 1900–1996</i></a>. Oxford: Peter Lang. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3034301961" title="Special:BookSources/978-3034301961"><bdi>978-3034301961</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Ethnic+Identity%3A+The+Case+of+Macedonian+Immigrants+in+Toronto+1900%E2%80%931996&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3034301961&rft.aulast=Kostov&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP-1m1FLtrvsC%26q%3DLeague%2Bof%2BPrizren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poulton65-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Poulton65_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poulton65_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoulton1995" class="citation book cs1">Poulton, Hugh (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ppbuavUZKEwC&q=League+of+Prizren"><i>Who are the Macedonians?</i></a>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1850652380" title="Special:BookSources/978-1850652380"><bdi>978-1850652380</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+are+the+Macedonians%3F&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1850652380&rft.aulast=Poulton&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DppbuavUZKEwC%26q%3DLeague%2Bof%2BPrizren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frantz460461-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frantz460461_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrantz2009" class="citation journal cs1">Frantz, Eva Anne (2009). "Violence and its Impact on Loyalty and Identity Formation in Late Ottoman Kosovo: Muslims and Christians in a Period of Reform and Transformation". <i>Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs</i>. <b>29</b> (4): 460–461. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13602000903411366">10.1080/13602000903411366</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143499467">143499467</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Muslim+Minority+Affairs&rft.atitle=Violence+and+its+Impact+on+Loyalty+and+Identity+Formation+in+Late+Ottoman+Kosovo%3A+Muslims+and+Christians+in+a+Period+of+Reform+and+Transformation&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=460-461&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13602000903411366&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143499467%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Frantz&rft.aufirst=Eva+Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span> "In consequence of the Russian-Ottoman war, a violent expulsion of nearly the entire Muslim, predominantly Albanian-speaking, population was carried out in the sanjak of Niš and Toplica during the winter of 1877–1878 by the Serbian troops. This was one major factor encouraging further violence, but also contributing greatly to the formation of the League of Prizren. The league was created in an opposing reaction to the Treaty of San Stefano and the Congress of Berlin and is generally regarded as the beginning of the Albanian national movement.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715030215/http://prizren360.com/en/360foto-en/prizren360/albanian-league-of-prizren">"Albanian League of Prizren"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prizren360.com/en/360foto-en/prizren360/albanian-league-of-prizren">the original</a> on 2014-07-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albanian+League+of+Prizren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprizren360.com%2Fen%2F360foto-en%2Fprizren360%2Falbanian-league-of-prizren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych44-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych44_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych44_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych44_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi353847-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi353847_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 35–38, 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi3637-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi3637_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bytyci9-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bytyci9_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBytyçi2015" class="citation book cs1">Bytyçi, Enver (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IgznBwAAQBAJ&q=wholeheartedly+&pg=PA8"><i>Coercive Diplomacy of NATO in Kosovo</i></a>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1443876681" title="Special:BookSources/978-1443876681"><bdi>978-1443876681</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coercive+Diplomacy+of+NATO+in+Kosovo&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1443876681&rft.aulast=Byty%C3%A7i&rft.aufirst=Enver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIgznBwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dwholeheartedly%2B%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych46-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych46_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElsie" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Elsie" title="Robert Elsie">Elsie, Robert</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723010347/http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts19/AH1878_2.html">"1878 The Resolutions of the League of Prizren"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts19/AH1878_2.html">the original</a> on July 23, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2011</span>. <q>We will not allow any foreign troops to enter our territory. We will not recognize Bulgaria and do not even wish to hear its name mentioned. If Serbia does not agree to give up the regions it has occupied illegally, we will deploy volunteer corps (akindjiler) against it and do our utmost to bring about the return of these regions. We will do the same with Montenegro.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1878+The+Resolutions+of+the+League+of+Prizren&rft.aulast=Elsie&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albanianhistory.net%2Ftexts19%2FAH1878_2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrychab4647-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrychab4647_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 46–47. "a 16 point "decision memorandum" (kararname) said nothing explicitly about reforms, schools, autonomy, nothing even about the unification of the Albanian lands in one vilayet"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elsie-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elsie_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElsie2005" class="citation cs2">Elsie, Robert (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ox3Wx1Nl_2MC&q=%22Memorandum+on+Albanian+Autonomy%22+%22Pashko+Vasa%22&pg=PA81"><i>Albanian literature: a short history</i></a>, London: I.B. Tauris in association with the Centre for Albanian Studies, p. 82, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-031-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-031-4"><bdi>978-1-84511-031-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2011</span>, <q>Far from an appeal for Albania independence, or even autonomy within empire, Pashko Vasa proposed simply the unification of Albanian speaking territory within one vilayet, and a certain degree of local government.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albanian+literature%3A+a+short+history&rft.place=London&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris+in+association+with+the+Centre+for+Albanian+Studies&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-031-4&rft.aulast=Elsie&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dox3Wx1Nl_2MC%26q%3D%2522Memorandum%2Bon%2BAlbanian%2BAutonomy%2522%2B%2522Pashko%2BVasa%2522%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych47-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych47_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych47_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi45-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi45_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKopeček2006" class="citation cs2">Kopeček, Michal (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TpPWvubBL0MC&q=Discourses+of+collective+identity+in+Central+and+Southeast+Europe"><i>Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945)</i></a>, vol. 2, Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-60-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-60-8"><bdi>978-963-7326-60-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2011</span>, <q>Soon after this first meeting,....mainly under the influence of ... Abdyl Frashëri ... new agenda included ... the fonding of an autonomous <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Vilayet" title="Albanian Vilayet">Albanian Vilayet</a></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discourses+of+collective+identity+in+Central+and+Southeast+Europe+%281770%E2%80%931945%29&rft.place=Budapest%2C+Hungary&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-963-7326-60-8&rft.aulast=Kope%C4%8Dek&rft.aufirst=Michal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTpPWvubBL0MC%26q%3DDiscourses%2Bof%2Bcollective%2Bidentity%2Bin%2BCentral%2Band%2BSoutheast%2BEurope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Merrill229-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Merrill229_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerrill2001" class="citation book cs1">Merrill, Christopher (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jVY2AAAAQBAJ&q=Serbian+historians+Islam&pg=PA229"><i>Only the nails remain: Scenes from the Balkan Wars</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield: Lanham. p. 229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1461640417" title="Special:BookSources/978-1461640417"><bdi>978-1461640417</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Only+the+nails+remain%3A+Scenes+from+the+Balkan+Wars&rft.place=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=Lanham&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1461640417&rft.aulast=Merrill&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjVY2AAAAQBAJ%26q%3DSerbian%2Bhistorians%2BIslam%26pg%3DPA229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych4748-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych4748_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych4748_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 47–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych4849-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych4849_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 48–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych495053-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych495053_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 49, 50–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi5582-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi5582_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 55–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych7071-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych7071_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 70–71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogdaniLoughlin2007" class="citation book cs1">Bogdani, Mirela; Loughlin, John (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=32Wu8H7t8MwC&q=Bismarck+albania&pg=PA229"><i>Albania and the European Union: the tumultuous journey towards integration and accession</i></a>. London: IB Tauris. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1845113087" title="Special:BookSources/978-1845113087"><bdi>978-1845113087</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albania+and+the+European+Union%3A+the+tumultuous+journey+towards+integration+and+accession&rft.place=London&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=IB+Tauris&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1845113087&rft.aulast=Bogdani&rft.aufirst=Mirela&rft.au=Loughlin%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D32Wu8H7t8MwC%26q%3DBismarck%2Balbania%26pg%3DPA229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudwig1927" class="citation book cs1">Ludwig, Emil (1927). <i>Bismark: the Story of a Fighter</i>. Little. p. 511.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bismark%3A+the+Story+of+a+Fighter&rft.pages=511&rft.pub=Little&rft.date=1927&rft.aulast=Ludwig&rft.aufirst=Emil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych496163-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych496163_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 49, 61–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi383951-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi383951_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 38–39, 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych49-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych49_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych49_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych4546-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych4546_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 45–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKopecekErsoyGorniKechriotis2006" class="citation cs2">Kopecek, Michal; Ersoy, Ahmed; Gorni, Maciej; Kechriotis, Vangelis; Manchev, Boyan (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k5Vsjg508EYC&q=%22albanian+vilayet%22+%22Greater+albania%22&pg=PA349">"Program of the Albanian League of Prizren"</a>, <i>Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945)</i>, vol. 1, Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press, p. 347, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-52-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-52-3"><bdi>978-963-7326-52-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2011</span>, <q>There were no delegates from Shkodra villayet and a few Bosnian delegates also participated. Present was also mutasarrif (administrator of sandjak) of Prizren as representative of the central authorities</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Program+of+the+Albanian+League+of+Prizren&rft.btitle=Discourses+of+collective+identity+in+Central+and+Southeast+Europe+%281770%E2%80%931945%29&rft.place=Budapest%2C+Hungary&rft.pages=347&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-963-7326-52-3&rft.aulast=Kopecek&rft.aufirst=Michal&rft.au=Ersoy%2C+Ahmed&rft.au=Gorni%2C+Maciej&rft.au=Kechriotis%2C+Vangelis&rft.au=Manchev%2C+Boyan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk5Vsjg508EYC%26q%3D%2522albanian%2Bvilayet%2522%2B%2522Greater%2Balbania%2522%26pg%3DPA349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi3756-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi3756_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 37, 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi434454-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi434454_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 43–44, 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkendi" class="citation journal cs1">Skendi, Stavro. "Beginnings of Albanian Nationalist and Autonomous Trends: The Albanian League, 1878–1881Author". <i>American Slavic and East European Review</i>. <b>12</b>: 4. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2491677">2491677</a>. <q>The southern branch of the League was formed at Gjinokastër (Argyrokastro), where;Albanian leaders held a meeting at which the districts of Janina, Gjirokastër, Delvina, Përmet, Berat, Vlora (Valona), Filat, Margariti, Ajdonat, Parga, Preveza, Arta, Tepelena, Kolonja, and Korca were represented.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Slavic+and+East+European+Review&rft.atitle=Beginnings+of+Albanian+Nationalist+and+Autonomous+Trends%3A+The+Albanian+League%2C+1878%E2%80%931881Author&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2491677%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Skendi&rft.aufirst=Stavro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi108-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi108_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi38108-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi38108_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 38, 108. "While in the south the movement of the League was primarily Moslem – most of the Orthodox Christians being under Greek influence – in the north both Moslems and Catholics had made common cause."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych4560616567-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych4560616567_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 45, 60–61, 65, 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi43105-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi43105_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 43, 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nuray Bozbora, The Policy of Abdulhamid II Regarding The Prizren League</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKopecekErsoyGorniKechriotis2006" class="citation cs2">Kopecek, Michal; Ersoy, Ahmed; Gorni, Maciej; Kechriotis, Vangelis; Manchev, Boyan (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k5Vsjg508EYC&q=%22albanian+vilayet%22+%22Greater+albania%22&pg=PA349"><i>Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945)</i></a>, vol. 1, Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press, p. 348, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-52-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-52-3"><bdi>978-963-7326-52-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2011</span>, <q>The position of the League in the beginning was based on religious solidarity. It was even called <i>Komiteti i Myslimanëve të Vërtetë</i> (The Committee of the Real Muslims)... decisions are taken and supported mostly by landlords and people closely connected with Ottoman administration and religious authorities..</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discourses+of+collective+identity+in+Central+and+Southeast+Europe+%281770%E2%80%931945%29&rft.place=Budapest%2C+Hungary&rft.pages=348&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-963-7326-52-3&rft.aulast=Kopecek&rft.aufirst=Michal&rft.au=Ersoy%2C+Ahmed&rft.au=Gorni%2C+Maciej&rft.au=Kechriotis%2C+Vangelis&rft.au=Manchev%2C+Boyan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk5Vsjg508EYC%26q%3D%2522albanian%2Bvilayet%2522%2B%2522Greater%2Balbania%2522%26pg%3DPA349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych5360-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych5360_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 53–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi89929495-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi89929495_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 89–92, 94–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PutoMaurizio172-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PutoMaurizio172_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPutoMaurizio2015" class="citation book cs1">Puto, Artan; Maurizio, Isabella (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2TdCgAAQBAJ&q=League+of+Prizren&pg=PT235">"From Southern Italy to Istanbul: Trajectories of Albanian Nationalism in the Writings of Girolamo de Rada and Shemseddin Sami Frashëri, ca. 1848–1903"</a>. In Maurizio, Isabella; Zanou, Konstantina (eds.). <i>Mediterranean Diasporas: Politics and Ideas in the Long 19th Century</i>. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1472576668" title="Special:BookSources/978-1472576668"><bdi>978-1472576668</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Southern+Italy+to+Istanbul%3A+Trajectories+of+Albanian+Nationalism+in+the+Writings+of+Girolamo+de+Rada+and+Shemseddin+Sami+Frash%C3%ABri%2C+ca.+1848%E2%80%931903&rft.btitle=Mediterranean+Diasporas%3A+Politics+and+Ideas+in+the+Long+19th+Century&rft.place=London&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1472576668&rft.aulast=Puto&rft.aufirst=Artan&rft.au=Maurizio%2C+Isabella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY2TdCgAAQBAJ%26q%3DLeague%2Bof%2BPrizren%26pg%3DPT235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span> "Within its early decades intellectuals had been primarily concerned with the historical and cultural features of an 'Albanian nation', in the last quarter of the nineteenth and the early twentieth century, Albanian nationalism became more politicized. The Congress of Berlin (1878), which assigned to the newly founded Balkan states, such as Montenegro, Serbia, and Greece, Ottoman territories inhabited by Albanian-speaking populations, prompted more nationally-minded Albanian activists to present demands on behalf of an 'Albanian nation', calling for an autonomous Albanian <i>vilayet</i> inside the Ottoman Empire, instead of various 'Albanian' lands scattered across a number of vilayets."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldwyn255-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goldwyn255_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldwyn2016" class="citation book cs1">Goldwyn, Adam J. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F3bhDAAAQBAJ&q=League+of+Prizren">"Modernism, Nationalism, Albanianism: Geographic Poetry and Poetic Geography in the Albanian and Kosovar Independence Movements"</a>. In Goldwyn, Adam J.; Silverman, Renée M. (eds.). <i>Mediterranean Modernism: Intercultural Exchange and Aesthetic Development</i>. Springer. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1137586568" title="Special:BookSources/978-1137586568"><bdi>978-1137586568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Modernism%2C+Nationalism%2C+Albanianism%3A+Geographic+Poetry+and+Poetic+Geography+in+the+Albanian+and+Kosovar+Independence+Movements&rft.btitle=Mediterranean+Modernism%3A+Intercultural+Exchange+and+Aesthetic+Development&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1137586568&rft.aulast=Goldwyn&rft.aufirst=Adam+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF3bhDAAAQBAJ%26q%3DLeague%2Bof%2BPrizren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych4850-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych4850_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 48–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi379697101107-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi379697101107_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 37, 96–97, 101–107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi5758-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi5758_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 57–58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych6162-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych6162_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych6162_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 61–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi6061-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi6061_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 60–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balkanologie140-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Balkanologie140_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeitschrift_für_Balkanologie1983" class="citation book cs1">Zeitschrift für Balkanologie (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GHY8AAAAIAAJ&q=Nokshiq"><i>Volumes 19–20</i></a>. R. Trofenik. p. 140.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Volumes+19%E2%80%9320&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=R.+Trofenik&rft.date=1983&rft.au=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Balkanologie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGHY8AAAAIAAJ%26q%3DNokshiq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span> "ihnen auf dem Berliner Kongreß als Gebietsabtretung der Türkei zugesprochen worden waren, militärisch einzunehmen. Die Bewohner des Gebirgstals am oberen Lim verteidigten unter Leitung des Ali Pascha von Gusinje ihre Heimat gegen die Montenegriner. Die historische Schlacht bei Novšiće (alb. Nokshiq) vom 4. Dezember 1879 endete mit einem Sieg der Albanischen Liga; die Montenegriner mußten sich zurückziehen."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych6667-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych6667_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 66–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIppen1916" class="citation journal cs1">Ippen, Theodor (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanianhistory.net/1916_Ippen/index.html#:~:text=Theodor%20Ippen%3A-,Nineteenth%2DCentury%20Albanian%20History,he%20was%20appointed%20vice%2Dconsul.">"Nineteenth-Century Albanian History"</a>. <i>Texts and Documents of Albanian History</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Texts+and+Documents+of+Albanian+History&rft.atitle=Nineteenth-Century+Albanian+History&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Ippen&rft.aufirst=Theodor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albanianhistory.net%2F1916_Ippen%2Findex.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DTheodor%2520Ippen%253A-%2CNineteenth%252DCentury%2520Albanian%2520History%2Che%2520was%2520appointed%2520vice%252Dconsul.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych61-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych61_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych6068-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych6068_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 60, 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi52-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi52_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi6162-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi6162_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 61–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych6263-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych6263_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 62–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi6568-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi6568_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 65–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych6368-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych6368_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 63, 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi6982-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi6982_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 69–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych68-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych68_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi82-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi82_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rama90-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rama90_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRama2019" class="citation book cs1">Rama, Shinasi A. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oJaDDwAAQBAJ&q=Velesht"><i>Nation Failure, Ethnic Elites, and Balance of Power: The International Administration of Kosova</i></a>. Springer. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3030051921" title="Special:BookSources/978-3030051921"><bdi>978-3030051921</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nation+Failure%2C+Ethnic+Elites%2C+and+Balance+of+Power%3A+The+International+Administration+of+Kosova&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-3030051921&rft.aulast=Rama&rft.aufirst=Shinasi+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoJaDDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DVelesht&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych626668-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych626668_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych626668_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 62, 66, 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi676899103107-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Skendi676899103107_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skendi676899103107_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skendi676899103107_73-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 67–68, 99, 103–107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych8081-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych8081_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych8081_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych8081_74-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych8081_74-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 80–81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WallerDrezov173-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WallerDrezov173_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WallerDrezov173_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallerDrezov2001" class="citation book cs1">Waller, Michael; Drezov, Kyril (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eVmhAwAAQBAJ&q=League+of+Prizren+families&pg=PA173"><i>Kosovo: The politics of delusion</i></a>. London: Psychology Press. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1135278533" title="Special:BookSources/978-1135278533"><bdi>978-1135278533</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kosovo%3A+The+politics+of+delusion&rft.place=London&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1135278533&rft.aulast=Waller&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Drezov%2C+Kyril&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeVmhAwAAQBAJ%26q%3DLeague%2Bof%2BPrizren%2Bfamilies%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych62636668-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych62636668_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 62–63, 66–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi105106-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi105106_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 105–106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych82123-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych82123_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych82123_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 8, 21–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi89-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi89_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych9091104105108113139-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych9091104105108113139_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 90–91, 104–105, 108–113, 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi213-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi213_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, p. 213. "It can be said that the Albanian insurrections of the first twenty-five years after the abolition of the League of Prizren remained local in character. They occurred mostly in the north, especially in the vilayet of Kosovo."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych125127-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych125127_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 125–127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi195198-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi195198_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 195–198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych131135136-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych131135136_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 131, 135–136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi200204206212-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi200204206212_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkendi1967" class="citation book cs1">Skendi, Stavro (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8QPWCgAAQBAJ&q=The+Albanian+National+Awakening&pg=PR15"><i>The Albanian national awakening</i></a>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 200–204, 206–212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400847761" title="Special:BookSources/978-1400847761"><bdi>978-1400847761</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Albanian+national+awakening&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pages=200-204%2C+206-212&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-1400847761&rft.aulast=Skendi&rft.aufirst=Stavro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8QPWCgAAQBAJ%26q%3DThe%2BAlbanian%2BNational%2BAwakening%26pg%3DPR15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych147-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych147_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGawrych2006" class="citation book cs1">Gawrych, George (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wPOtzk-unJgC&q=The+crescent+and+the+eagle:+Ottoman+rule,+Islam+and+the+Albanians,+1874-1913+lexicon"><i>The crescent and the eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913</i></a>. London: IB Tauris. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1845112875" title="Special:BookSources/978-1845112875"><bdi>978-1845112875</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+crescent+and+the+eagle%3A+Ottoman+rule%2C+Islam+and+the+Albanians%2C+1874%E2%80%931913&rft.place=London&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=IB+Tauris&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1845112875&rft.aulast=Gawrych&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwPOtzk-unJgC%26q%3DThe%2Bcrescent%2Band%2Bthe%2Beagle%3A%2BOttoman%2Brule%2C%2BIslam%2Band%2Bthe%2BAlbanians%2C%2B1874-1913%2Blexicon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJelavich1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jelavich" title="Barbara Jelavich">Jelavich, Barbara</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qR4EeOrTm-0C&q=league+of+prizren&pg=PA366"><i>History of the Balkans: Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries</i></a>. Cambridge University: Cambridge University Press. p. 366. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-25249-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-25249-2"><bdi>978-0-521-25249-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Balkans%3A+Eighteenth+and+nineteenth+centuries&rft.place=Cambridge+University&rft.pages=366&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-521-25249-2&rft.aulast=Jelavich&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqR4EeOrTm-0C%26q%3Dleague%2Bof%2Bprizren%26pg%3DPA366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Prizren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Prizren&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Albania_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albania_topics" title="Template:Albania topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albania_topics" title="Template talk:Albania topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albania_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albania topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Albania_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Albania" title="Outline of Albania">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardiaei" title="Ardiaei">Ardiaei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanoi" title="Albanoi">Albanoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amantes_(tribe)" title="Amantes (tribe)">Amantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amantini" title="Amantini">Amantini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaites" title="Balaites">Balaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bylliones" title="Bylliones">Bylliones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassaretii" title="Dassaretii">Dassaretii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchele" title="Enchele">Enchele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labeatae" title="Labeatae">Labeatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthini" title="Parthini">Parthini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taulantii" title="Taulantii">Taulantii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_principalities" title="Albanian principalities">Middle Ages</a><br />(1190–1385)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Arbanon" title="Principality of Arbanon">Principality of Arbanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Albania_(medieval)" title="Kingdom of Albania (medieval)">Kingdom of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Arta" title="Despotate of Arta">Despotate of Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Kastrioti" title="House of Kastrioti">House of Kastrioti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman period</a><br />(1385–1912)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Skanderbeg's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="League of Lezhë">League of Lezhë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanun_(Albania)" title="Kanun (Albania)">Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABni_Council" title="Arbëni Council">Arbëni Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Albania" title="Islamization of Albania">Islamization of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Pashaliks" title="Albanian Pashaliks">Albanian Pashaliks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Albanian_Beys" title="Massacre of the Albanian Beys">Massacre of the Albanian Beys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolts_of_1833%E2%80%931839" title="Albanian revolts of 1833–1839">Revolts of 1833–1839</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Dervish_Cara" title="Uprising of Dervish Cara">Uprising of Dervish Cara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">Albanian National Awakening</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Manastir" title="Congress of Manastir">Congress of Manastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">Revolt of 1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malissori_uprising" title="Malissori uprising">Malissori uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksim_meeting" title="Taksim meeting">Taksim meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">Revolt of 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimza_Government" title="Kimza Government">Kimza Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Albania" title="Independent Albania">Independence</a><br />(1912–present)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himni_i_Flamurit" title="Himni i Flamurit">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Albania" title="Provisional Government of Albania">Provisional Government of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Albania during the Balkan Wars">Albania during the Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Central_Albania" title="Republic of Central Albania">Republic of Central Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Principality of Albania (1914–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_Albania" title="World War I in Albania">World War I in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB" title="Autonomous Province of Korçë">Autonomous Province of Korçë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_over_Albania" title="Italian protectorate over Albania">Italian protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mirdita" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Mirdita">Republic of Mirdita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931928)" title="Albanian Republic (1925–1928)">Albanian Republic (1925–1928)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Union with Italian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">German Nazi occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Albania" title="The Holocaust in Albania">The Holocaust in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albanian resistance during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">Communist Albania (1946–91)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Orthography_Congress" title="Albanian Orthography Congress">Orthography Congress (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Post-Communist_Albania" title="History of Post-Communist Albania">Post-Communist Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Albanian_civil_unrest" title="1997 Albanian civil unrest">1997 Civil Unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Albania–NATO relations">NATO membership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">EU Accession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Albanians" title="Origin of the Albanians">Origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Albanian_history" title="Timeline of Albanian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archives_in_Albania" title="List of archives in Albania">Archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Albania" title="Geography of Albania">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Landscape</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Albania" title="List of mountains in Albania">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Albania" title="List of rivers of Albania">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Albania" title="List of lakes of Albania">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Albania" title="List of islands of Albania">Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Albania" title="Environment of Albania">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Albania" title="Climate of Albania">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Albania" title="Biodiversity of Albania">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_Albania" title="Category:Fauna of Albania">Habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Albania" title="Protected areas of Albania">Protected areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Albania" title="Politics of Albania">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Albania)" title="Council of Ministers (Albania)">Government</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Category:Government_agencies_of_Albania" title="Category:Government agencies of Albania">agencies</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">Head of state</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Albania" title="List of heads of state of Albania">list</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Albania" title="Foreign relations of Albania">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Albania" title="List of political parties in Albania">Political parties</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Albania" title="Category:Treaties of Albania">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Albania" title="Visa policy of Albania">Visa policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Albania" title="Judiciary of Albania">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vetting_Institutions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Vetting Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Appellate_College_(Albania)" title="Special Appellate College (Albania)">KPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Public_Commissioners_(Albania)" title="Institution of Public Commissioners (Albania)">IKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monitoring_Operation_(Albania)" title="International Monitoring Operation (Albania)">ONM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Qualification_Commission_(Albania)" title="Independent Qualification Commission (Albania)">KPK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Albania" title="Corruption in Albania">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EURALIUS" title="EURALIUS">EURALIUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPAK" class="mw-redirect" title="SPAK">SPAK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosecutor_General_(Albania)" title="Prosecutor General (Albania)">Prosecutor General</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albania" title="Administrative divisions of Albania">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/NUTS_statistical_regions_of_Albania" title="NUTS statistical regions of Albania">NUTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Albania" title="Counties of Albania">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Albania" title="Municipalities of Albania">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Albania" title="List of cities and towns in Albania">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Albania" title="Communes of Albania">Communes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Albania" title="Villages of Albania">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maps_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Maps of Albania">Maps</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Legislature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Albania" title="Elections in Albania">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Assembly</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Albania" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Albania">speakers</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_members_of_the_Parliament_of_Albania" title="Category:Lists of members of the Parliament of Albania">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Albania)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Albania)">Opposition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Albania" title="Human rights in Albania">Human rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Albania" title="Abortion in Albania">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Albania" title="Capital punishment in Albania">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_in_Albania" title="List of assassinations in Albania">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Albania">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avokati_i_Popullit" title="Avokati i Popullit">Ombudsman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Police_(Albania)" title="State Police (Albania)">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_mafia" title="Albanian mafia">Organized crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Albania" title="Prisons in Albania">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_crossings_of_Albania" title="Border crossings of Albania">Border crossings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Albania" title="Economy of Albania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Albania" title="Banking in Albania">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_lek" title="Albanian lek">Lek <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Albania" title="Taxation in Albania">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Albania" title="Trade unions in Albania">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Supreme_Audit_(Albania)" title="State Supreme Audit (Albania)">State Supreme Audit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Albania" title="List of shopping malls in Albania">Shopping centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_Albania" title="List of supermarket chains in Albania">Supermarkets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Albania" title="Agriculture in Albania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Albania" title="Healthcare in Albania">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Albania" title="List of companies of Albania">Companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Albania" title="Renewable energy in Albania">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Operators" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Power_Corporation" title="Albanian Power Corporation">KESH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_System_Operator_(Albania)" title="Transmission System Operator (Albania)">OST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operatori_i_Shp%C3%ABrndarjes_s%C3%AB_Energjis%C3%AB_Elektrike" title="Operatori i Shpërndarjes së Energjisë Elektrike">OSHEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Regulatory_Authority_(Albania)" title="Energy Regulatory Authority (Albania)">ERE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Albania" title="List of power stations in Albania">Hydropower plants</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Natural resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_and_gas_fields_in_Albania" title="List of oil and gas fields in Albania">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mining_in_Albania" title="Category:Mining in Albania">Mining</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Albania" title="Highways in Albania">Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Albania" title="List of airports in Albania">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Albania" title="List of ports in Albania">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Albania" title="Rail transport in Albania">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Albania" title="List of bridges in Albania">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tunnels_in_Albania" title="List of tunnels in Albania">Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Albania" title="List of tallest buildings in Albania">Highrises</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Albania" title="List of tallest structures in Albania">structures</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Albania" title="Telecommunications in Albania">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posta_Shqiptare" title="Posta Shqiptare">Posta Shqiptare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Albania" title="Squatting in Albania">Squatting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Albania" title="Tourism in Albania">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Monuments" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Albania" title="List of archaeological sites in Albania">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Albania" title="List of castles in Albania">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Albania" title="List of mosques in Albania">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tekkes_in_Albania" title="List of tekkes in Albania">Tekkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Albania" title="List of churches in Albania">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_Albania" title="List of lighthouses in Albania">Lighthouses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Adriatic_Sea_Coast" title="Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast">Adriatic Sea Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Ionian_Sea_Coast" title="Albanian Ionian Sea Coast">Ionian Sea Coast</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Albanian_Riviera" title="Albanian Riviera">riviera</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Albania" title="List of beaches in Albania">Beaches</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:High-contrast-camera-photo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/High-contrast-camera-photo.svg/17px-High-contrast-camera-photo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/High-contrast-camera-photo.svg/26px-High-contrast-camera-photo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/High-contrast-camera-photo.svg/34px-High-contrast-camera-photo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Photographs_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Photographs of Albania">Images of Albania</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Albania" title="Category:Society of Albania">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Albania" title="Demographics of Albania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_in_Albania" title="Census in Albania">Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_tribes" title="Albanian tribes">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nobility" title="Albanian nobility">Noble families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_diaspora" title="Albanian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Albania" title="Women in Albania">Women</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_art" title="Albanian art">Art</a> <small><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_galleries_in_Albania" title="List of art galleries in Albania">(galleries)</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Albania" title="Architecture of Albania">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Albania" title="Photography in Albania">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Albania" title="List of museums in Albania">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theatres_in_Albania" title="List of theatres in Albania">Theatres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Albania" title="Education in Albania">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_alphabet" title="Albanian alphabet">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_scripts" title="Category:Albanian scripts">scripts</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abetare" title="Abetare">Abetare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_literature" title="Albanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Research_institutes_in_Albania" title="Category:Research institutes in Albania">Research institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Albania" title="List of libraries in Albania">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Albania" title="List of universities in Albania">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_publishing_companies_of_Albania" title="List of publishing companies of Albania">Publishers</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Albanian_proverbs" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Albanian proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanology" title="Albanology">Albanology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Tradition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Folk beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)" title="Besa (Albanian culture)">Besa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oda_(Albania)" title="Oda (Albania)">Oda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Albania" title="Secularism in Albania">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevruz_in_Albania" title="Nevruz in Albania">Nevruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Sworn virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing" title="Traditional Albanian clothing">Costumes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qeleshe" title="Qeleshe">Qeleshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fustanella" title="Fustanella">Fustanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhubleta" title="Xhubleta">Xhubleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brez_(clothing)" title="Brez (clothing)">Brez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinga" title="Opinga">Opinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhamadan" title="Xhamadan">Xhamadan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gjell%C3%AB" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:gjellë">Gjellë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tav%C3%AB_kosi" title="Tavë kosi">Tavë kosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabuni" title="Kabuni">Kabuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">Raki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer in Albania">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_wine" title="Albanian wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognac_Sk%C3%ABnderbeu" title="Cognac Skënderbeu">Cognac Skënderbeu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Football</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania_national_football_team" title="Albania national football team">National team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Albania" title="List of football clubs in Albania">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Albania_international_footballers" title="List of Albania international footballers">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_in_Albania" title="List of stadiums in Albania">Stadiums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Other sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Weightlifting_Federation" title="Albanian Weightlifting Federation">Weightlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Athletics_Federation" title="Albanian Athletics Federation">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Cycling_Federation" title="Albanian Cycling Federation">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Basketball_Federation" title="Albanian Basketball Federation">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Volleyball_Federation" title="Albanian Volleyball Federation">Volleyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Swimming_Federation" title="Albanian Swimming Federation">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_at_the_Olympics" title="Albania at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_indoor_arenas_in_Albania" title="List of indoor arenas in Albania">Indoor arenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Albania" title="Music of Albania">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Albania" title="Television in Albania">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Albania" title="List of radio stations in Albania">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Symbols_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Symbols of Albania">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_heraldry" title="Albanian heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Albania" title="Flag of Albania">Flag</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Albanian_flags" title="List of Albanian flags">list</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania" title="Coat of arms of Albania">Coat of arms</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Albania" title="Armorial of Albania">armorial</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaph_of_Gllavenica" title="Epitaph of Gllavenica">Epitaph of Gllavenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Sign_Language" title="Albanian Sign Language">Sign language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations_and_medals_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders, decorations and medals of Albania">Orders, decorations and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_passport" title="Albanian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.al" title=".al">.al</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Albania" title="Public holidays in Albania">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Albania" title="Smoking in Albania">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_Albania" title="Copyright law of Albania">Copyright law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Albania" title="Outline of Albania">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Albania" title="Outline of Albania">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Albania" title="Bibliography of Albania">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albania" title="Category:Albania">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template talk:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Albanians under the Ottoman Empire</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under the Ottoman Empire">Background</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Rebellion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Skanderbeg's rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Italian_expedition" title="Skanderbeg's Italian expedition">Italian expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign" title="Skanderbeg's Macedonian campaign">Macedonian campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_uprisings_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Albanian uprisings in the Ottoman Empire">Albanian revolts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1432%E2%80%931436" title="Albanian revolt of 1432–1436">1432 – 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Dervish_Cara" title="Uprising of Dervish Cara">1843 – 44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1845" title="Albanian revolt of 1845">1845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1847" title="Albanian revolt of 1847">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malissori_uprising" title="Malissori uprising">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">1912</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Venetian_War" title="Albanian–Venetian War">Albanian–Venetian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Ioannina#Downfall" title="Ali Pasha of Ioannina">Ali Pasha's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballaban%27s_campaign_of_1465" title="Ballaban's campaign of 1465">Ballaban's campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Albanian_Beys" title="Massacre of the Albanian Beys">Massacre of the Albanian Beys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II%27s_first_Albanian_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed II's first Albanian campaign">Mehmed II's campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morea_revolt_of_1453%E2%80%931454" title="Morea revolt of 1453–1454">Morea revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Pasha_Bushatli#History" title="Mustafa Pasha Bushatli">Mustafa Pasha's Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albulena" title="Battle of Albulena">Albulena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_De%C3%A7iq" title="Battle of Deçiq">Deçiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lopate" title="Battle of Lopate">Lopate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lum%C3%AB" title="Battle of Lumë">Lumë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martini%C4%87i_(1796)" title="Battle of Martinići (1796)">Martinići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Me%C3%A7ad_(1465)" title="Battle of Meçad (1465)">Meçad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(1445)" title="Battle of Mokra (1445)">Mokra I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(July_1462)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mokra (July 1462)">Mokra II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murino" title="Battle of Murino">Murino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nov%C5%A1i%C4%87e" title="Battle of Novšiće">Novšiće</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ohrid" title="Battle of Ohrid">Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1448)" title="Battle of Oranik (1448)">Oranik I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1456)" title="Battle of Oranik (1456)">Oranik II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Otonet%C3%AB" title="Battle of Otonetë">Otonetë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Polog" title="Battle of Polog">Polog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Savra" title="Battle of Savra">Savra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torvioll" title="Battle of Torvioll">Torvioll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulcinj_(1880)" title="Battle of Ulcinj (1880)">Ulcinj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vaikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Vaikal">Vaikal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Congregations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Dib%C3%ABr" title="Congress of Dibër">Dibër</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Dibra" title="Convention of Dibra">Dibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Dukagjin" title="Convention of Dukagjin">Dukagjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Elbasan" title="Congress of Elbasan">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frash%C3%ABr_Assembly_(1880)" title="Frashër Assembly (1880)">Frashër</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Ku%C3%A7i" title="Convention of Kuçi">Kuçi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="League of Lezhë">Lezhë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Manastir" title="Congress of Manastir">Manastir I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congress_of_Manastir" title="Second Congress of Manastir">Manastir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Mat" title="Convention of Mat">Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Peja" title="League of Peja">Peja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Preveza" title="Assembly of Preveza">Preveza</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prizren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Sieges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Krujë <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1450)" title="Siege of Krujë (1450)">1450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1466%E2%80%931467)" title="Siege of Krujë (1466–1467)">1466 – 67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1467)" title="Siege of Krujë (1467)">1467</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1478)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Krujë (1478)">1477 – 78</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Berat_(1455)" title="Siege of Berat (1455)">Berat</a></li> <li>Shkodër <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra_(1474)" title="Siege of Shkodra (1474)">1474</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra" title="Siege of Shkodra">1478 – 79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Siege of Scutari (1912–1913)">1912 – 13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Svetigrad_(1448)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Svetigrad (1448)">Svetigrad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">Albanian Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armatoles" title="Armatoles">Armatoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Albania during the Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars">Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">Janissary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashi-bazouk" title="Bashi-bazouk">Bashi-Bazouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devshirme" title="Devshirme">Devshirme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ABsonj%C3%ABtorja" title="Mësonjëtorja">Mësonjëtorja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Albania" title="Albanian nationalism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Kosovo" title="Albanian nationalism in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Albanian nationalism in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Albania" title="Partition of Albania">Partition of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_piracy" title="Albanian piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li>Principalities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Dukagjini" title="Principality of Dukagjini">Dukagjini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kastrioti" title="Principality of Kastrioti">Kastrioti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Muzaka" title="Principality of Muzaka">Muzaka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Millet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rum Millet">Rum Millet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth_of_Skanderbeg" title="Myth of Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipahi" title="Sipahi">Spahiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratioti" title="Stratioti">Stratioti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi script</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Eyalets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Eyalet" title="Ioannina Eyalet">Ioannina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet" title="Rumelia Eyalet">Rumelia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Pashaliks" title="Albanian Pashaliks">Pashaliks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Berat" title="Pashalik of Berat">Berat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Scutari" title="Pashalik of Scutari">Scutari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Yanina" title="Pashalik of Yanina">Yanina</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sanjaks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Albania" title="Sanjak of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Avlona" title="Sanjak of Avlona">Avlona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Delvina" title="Sanjak of Delvina">Delvina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Dibra" title="Sanjak of Dibra">Dibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Elbasan" title="Sanjak of Elbasan">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_G%C3%B6rice" title="Sanjak of Görice">Görice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Ioannina" title="Sanjak of Ioannina">Ioannina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Monastir" title="Sanjak of Monastir">Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Ohrid" title="Sanjak of Ohrid">Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Scutari" title="Sanjak of Scutari">Scutari</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vilayets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Vilayet" title="Albanian Vilayet">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janina_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Janina Vilayet">Janina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manastir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manastir Vilayet">Manastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scutari_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutari Vilayet">Scutari</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)" title="Besa (Albanian culture)">Besa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Albania" title="Islamization of Albania">Islamization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanun_(Albania)" title="Kanun (Albania)">Kanun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_nobility" title="Category:Albanian nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_tribes" title="Albanian tribes">Tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_people_from_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:15th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:15th-century Albanian people">15th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:16th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:16th-century Albanian people">16th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:17th-century Albanian people">17th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:18th-century Albanian people">18th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:19th-century Albanian people">19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:20th-century Albanian people">20th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_Grand_Viziers_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Albanian Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire">Grand Viziers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ottoman_Albanian_nobility" title="Category:Ottoman Albanian nobility">Ottoman – Albanian nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_Pashas" title="Category:Albanian Pashas">Pashas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Albanians in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Bulgaria" title="Albanians in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Croatia" title="Albanians of Croatia">Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbanasi_people" title="Arbanasi people">Arbanasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Egypt" title="Albanians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Greece" title="Albanians in Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arvanites" title="Arvanites">Arvanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanians" title="Cham Albanians">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souliotes" title="Souliotes">Souliotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Western_Thrace" title="Albanians of Western Thrace">Western Thrace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Italy" title="Albanians in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people" title="Arbëreshë people">Arbëreshë</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Syria" title="Albanians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Turkey" title="Albanians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Ukraine" title="Albanians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ottoman_Albania" title="Category:Ottoman Albania">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Great_Eastern_Crisis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Template:Great Eastern Crisis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Template talk:Great Eastern Crisis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Great Eastern Crisis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Great_Eastern_Crisis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Great Eastern Crisis">Great Eastern Crisis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars and conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Montenegrin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herzegovina_uprising_(1875%E2%80%931877)" title="Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)">Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1876%E2%80%931878)" title="Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)">Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serb</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herzegovina_uprising_(1875%E2%80%931877)" title="Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)">Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian%E2%80%93Turkish_Wars_(1876%E2%80%931878)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)">Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumanovo_uprising" title="Kumanovo uprising">Kumanovo uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bulgarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stara_Zagora_Uprising" title="Stara Zagora Uprising">Stara Zagora Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_Uprising_of_1876" title="April Uprising of 1876">April Uprising of 1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razlovtsi_insurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Razlovtsi insurrection">Razlovtsi insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kresna%E2%80%93Razlog_uprising" title="Kresna–Razlog uprising">Kresna–Razlog uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1878_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1878 Macedonian rebellion">1878 Macedonian rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Revolt_of_1878" title="Epirus Revolt of 1878">Epirus Revolt of 1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_revolt_(1878)" title="Cretan revolt (1878)">Cretan revolt (1878)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_War_of_Independence" title="Romanian War of Independence">Romanian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_campaign_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_in_1878" title="Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878">Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Albanians,_1877%E2%80%931878" class="mw-redirect" title="Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877–1878">Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877–1878</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="563" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International<br /> agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Memorandum" title="Berlin Memorandum">Berlin Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichstadt_Agreement" title="Reichstadt Agreement">Reichstadt Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Conference" title="Constantinople Conference">Constantinople Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Convention_of_1877" title="Budapest Convention of 1877">Budapest Convention of 1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano" title="Treaty of San Stefano">Treaty of San Stefano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Convention" title="Cyprus Convention">Cyprus Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin (1878)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Exarchate" title="Bulgarian Exarchate">Bulgarian Exarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deligrad_Event" title="Deligrad Event">Deligrad Event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1_Committee" title="Niš Committee">Niš Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Ottoman_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1876 Ottoman coup d'état">1876 Ottoman coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Constitutional_Era" title="First Constitutional Era">First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Bulgarian Volunteer Corps">Opalchentsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Question">Eastern Question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Russian_Administration_in_Bulgaria" title="Provisional Russian Administration in Bulgaria">Provisional Russian Administration in Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Plav_and_Gusinje" title="Battles for Plav and Gusinje">Battles for Plav and Gusinje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Halepa" title="Pact of Halepa">Pact of Halepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Alliance_(1879)" title="Dual Alliance (1879)">Dual Alliance (1879)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brsjak_revolt" title="Brsjak revolt">Brsjak revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro%E2%80%93Serbian_Alliance_of_1881" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881">Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_conquest_of_Tunisia" title="French conquest of Tunisia">French conquest of Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Constantinople_(1881)" title="Convention of Constantinople (1881)">Convention of Constantinople (1881)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt_under_the_British" title="History of Egypt under the British">British Occupation of Egypt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marche_slave" title="Marche slave">Marche slave</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina">Anna Karenina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829597#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829597#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829597#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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