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Ansicht des Hirnstammes von hinten (posterior)</figcaption></figure> <p>Die <b>Colliculi superiores</b> (lateinisch für „obere Hügelchen“) – bei Tieren auch als <b>Colliculi rostrales</b> bezeichnet – sind die oberen (vorderen) zwei Hügel der sogenannten <a href="/wiki/Vierh%C3%BCgelplatte" class="mw-redirect" title="Vierhügelplatte">Vierhügelplatte</a> (Lamina quadrigemina) und damit Teil des <a href="/wiki/Mittelhirn" title="Mittelhirn">Mittelhirn</a>dachs (<i>Tectum mesencephali</i>). Sie bilden einen <a href="/wiki/Nucleus_(ZNS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nucleus (ZNS)">Kernbereich</a>, der aus in Schichten angeordneter <a href="/wiki/Graue_Substanz" title="Graue Substanz">grauer Substanz</a> besteht. Diese Gliederung in Schichten von grauer und <a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fe_Substanz" title="Weiße Substanz">weißer Substanz</a> wird sonst nur im corticalen Rindengrau des Groß- und Kleinhirns angetroffen.<sup id="cite_ref-GDE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die oberen Vierhügel sind besonders wichtig für die Verschaltung von optischen <a href="/wiki/Reflex" title="Reflex">Reflexen</a> und spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung von „<a href="/wiki/Sakkade" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakkade">Sakkaden</a>“. Funktionell gehören sie damit zum „retino-tektalen System“ – der Verbindung zwischen <a href="/wiki/Netzhaut" title="Netzhaut">Netzhaut</a> (Retina) und Mittelhirndach. Sie werden daher auch <b>Colliculi optici</b> (deutsch <b>Sehhügel</b>) genannt.<sup id="cite_ref-GDE_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Afferent" title="Afferent">Afferenzen</a> erhalten die Colliculi superiores von der <a href="/wiki/Netzhaut" title="Netzhaut">Netzhaut</a>, der <a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fhirnrinde" title="Großhirnrinde">Großhirnrinde</a> über den Tractus corticotectalis, das <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCckenmark" title="Rückenmark">Rückenmark</a> über den Tractus spinotectalis und die <a href="/wiki/Colliculi_inferiores" title="Colliculi inferiores">Colliculi inferiores</a>. <a href="/wiki/Efferent" title="Efferent">Efferenzen</a> ziehen zu den <a href="/wiki/Hirnnervenkern" title="Hirnnervenkern">Hirnnervenkernen</a>, der <a href="/wiki/Formatio_reticularis" title="Formatio reticularis">Formatio reticularis</a> und ins Rückenmark.<sup id="cite_ref-GDE_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schädigungen der Colliculi superiores (etwa durch Tumoren<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) haben keine Ausfälle der Bilderkennung zur Folge, sondern solche der reflektorischen <a href="/wiki/Augenbewegung" title="Augenbewegung">Augenbewegungen</a> und möglicherweise Ausfälle der Augenschutzreflexe.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colliculi_superiores&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colliculi_superiores&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GDE-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GDE_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GDE_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GDE_1-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Grosser" title="Otto Grosser">Otto Grosser</a>, bearb. von Rolf Ortmann: <i>Grundriß der Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen</i>. 6. Auflage. Springer, Berlin 1966, S. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vgl. <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Oppenheim" title="Hermann Oppenheim">Hermann Oppenheim</a>: <i>Operative Erfolge bei Geschwülsten der Sehhügel- und Vierhügelgegend.</i> In: <i>Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift.</i> Band 50, 1913, S. 2316 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Trepel: <cite style="font-style:italic">Neuroanatomie</cite>. 7. Auflage. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C2%B7licle_superior" title="Col·licle superior – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Col·licle superior" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CF%89_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B4%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Άνω διδύμιο – Griechisch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άνω διδύμιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_colliculus" title="Superior colliculus – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Superior colliculus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C3%ADculo_superior" title="Colículo superior – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Colículo superior" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کولیکولوس فوقانی – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کولیکولوس فوقانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colliculus_sup%C3%A9rieur" title="Colliculus supérieur – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Colliculus supérieur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%98" title="上丘 – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="上丘" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EB%91%94%EB%8D%95" title="위둔덕 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위둔덕" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C3%ADculo_superior" title="Colículo superior – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Colículo superior" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Верхнее двухолмие – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Верхнее двухолмие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_tectum" title="Optic tectum – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Optic tectum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_colliculus" title="Superior colliculus – Thailändisch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="Superior colliculus" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailändisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cst_tepe" title="Üst tepe – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Üst tepe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%98" title="上丘 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="上丘" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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