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1.5 Further developments (DC-9 family) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_developments_(DC-9_family)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Second_generation_(MD-80_series)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_generation_(MD-80_series)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 Second generation (MD-80 series) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_generation_(MD-80_series)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_generation_(MD-90_series)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_generation_(MD-90_series)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.2 Third generation (MD-90 series) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_generation_(MD-90_series)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Design </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Variants </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Variants subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Series_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Series 10 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Series_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Series_20" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series_20"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Series 20 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Series_20-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Series_30" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series_30"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Series 30 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Series_30-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Series_40" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series_40"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Series 40 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Series_40-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Series_50" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series_50"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Series 50 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Series_50-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Military and government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Operators </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operators-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operators subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deliveries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deliveries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Deliveries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deliveries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accidents_and_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accidents_and_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Accidents and incidents </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Accidents_and_incidents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Accidents and incidents subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Accidents_and_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accidents_with_fatalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accidents_with_fatalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Accidents with fatalities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accidents_with_fatalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hull_losses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hull_losses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Hull losses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hull_losses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aircraft_on_display" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft_on_display"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Aircraft on display </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft_on_display-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Specifications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">McDonnell Douglas DC-9</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" > 40 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A-9" title="ماكدونل دوغلاس دي سي-9 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماكدونل دوغلاس دي سي-9" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-9" title="Douglas DC-9 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C-%DB%B9" title="مک‌دانل داگلاس دی‌سی-۹ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مک‌دانل داگلاس دی‌سی-۹" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-9" title="Douglas DC-9 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A5%EB%8F%84%EB%84%90_%EB%8D%94%EA%B8%80%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4_DC-9" title="맥도널 더글러스 DC-9 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="맥도널 더글러스 DC-9" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-9" title="Douglas DC-9 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-9" title="Douglas DC-9 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%A1_DC-9" title="דאגלס DC-9 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דאגלס DC-9" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-9" title="Douglas DC-9 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC%E2%80%939" title="McDonnell Douglas DC–9 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC–9" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A5%AF" title="मॅकडोनेल डग्लस डीसी-९ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॅकडोनेल डग्लस डीसी-९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-9" title="Douglas DC-9 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%83%89%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%80%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9_DC-9" title="マクドネル・ダグラス DC-9 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マクドネル・ダグラス DC-9" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_DC-9" title="Даглас DC-9 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Даглас DC-9" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-9" title="Douglas DC-9 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-9" title="Douglas DC-9 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5-9" title="แมคดอนเนลล์ดักลาส ดีซี-9 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แมคดอนเนลล์ดักลาส ดีซี-9" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Jet airliner, produced 1965-1982</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">DC-9</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Northwest_N756NW_DC9.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Northwest_N756NW_DC9.JPG/300px-Northwest_N756NW_DC9.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Northwest_N756NW_DC9.JPG/450px-Northwest_N756NW_DC9.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Northwest_N756NW_DC9.JPG/600px-Northwest_N756NW_DC9.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2546" data-file-height="1703" /></a> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">A <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Airlines" title="Northwest Airlines">Northwest Airlines</a> DC-9 in 2007</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Narrow-body_aircraft" title="Narrow-body aircraft">Narrow-body</a> <a href="/wiki/Jet_airliner" title="Jet airliner">jet airliner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas Aircraft Company</a> <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a> (from Aug. 1967)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">In limited service for cargo transport and private use</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary users</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/USA_Jet_Airlines" title="USA Jet Airlines">USA Jet Airlines</a> (historical)<div> <a href="/wiki/Aeronaves_TSM" title="Aeronaves TSM">Aeronaves TSM</a> <a href="/wiki/Everts_Air_Cargo" title="Everts Air Cargo">Everts Air Cargo</a> <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Airlines" title="Northwest Airlines">Northwest Airlines</a> (historical) </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">976</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">1965–1982</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">December 8, 1965, with <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">February 25, 1965</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_C-9" title="McDonnell Douglas C-9">McDonnell Douglas C-9</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed into</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">McDonnell Douglas MD-80</a> <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">McDonnell Douglas MD-90</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_717" title="Boeing 717">Boeing 717</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The McDonnell Douglas DC-9 is an American five-abreast, <a href="/wiki/Narrow-body_aircraft" title="Narrow-body aircraft">single-aisle aircraft</a> designed by the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas Aircraft Company</a>. It was initially produced as the Douglas DC-9 prior to August 1967, after which point the company had merged with <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Aircraft_Corporation" title="McDonnell Aircraft Corporation">McDonnell Aircraft</a> to become <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a>. Following the introduction of its first jetliner, the high-capacity <a href="/wiki/DC-8" class="mw-redirect" title="DC-8">DC-8</a>, in 1959, Douglas was interested in producing an aircraft suited to smaller routes. As early as 1958, design studies were conducted; approval for the DC-9, a smaller all-new jetliner, came on April 8, 1963. The DC-9-10 first flew on February 25, 1965, and gained its <a href="/wiki/Type_certificate" title="Type certificate">type certificate</a> on November 23, to enter service with <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> on December 8. The DC-9 is powered by <a href="/wiki/Twinjet" title="Twinjet">two</a> rear-mounted <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT8D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT8D">Pratt & Whitney JT8D</a> low-bypass <a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a> engines under a <a href="/wiki/T-tail" title="T-tail">T-tail</a> for a cleaner wing aerodynamic. It has a two-person flight deck and built-in <a href="/wiki/Airstair" title="Airstair">airstairs</a> to better suit smaller airports. The aircraft was capable of taking off from 5,000 ft runways, connecting small cities and towns in the jet stream of air travel where jet service was previously impossible. The Series 10 aircraft are 104 ft (32 m) long for typically 90 coach seats. The Series 30, stretched by 15 ft (4.5 m) to seat 115 in economy, has a larger wing and more powerful engines for a higher <a href="/wiki/Maximum_takeoff_weight" title="Maximum takeoff weight">maximum takeoff weight</a> (MTOW); it first flew in August 1966 and entered service in February 1967. The Series 20 has the Series 10 fuselage, more powerful engines, and the Series 30's improved wings; it first flew in September 1968 and entered service in January 1969. The Series 40 was further lengthened by 6 ft (2 m) for 125 passengers, and the final DC-9-50 series first flew in 1974, stretched again by 8 ft (2.5 m) for 135 passengers. When deliveries ended in October 1982, 976 had been built. Smaller variants competed with the <a href="/wiki/BAC_One-Eleven" title="BAC One-Eleven">BAC One-Eleven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fokker_F28" class="mw-redirect" title="Fokker F28">Fokker F28</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sud_Aviation_Caravelle" title="Sud Aviation Caravelle">Sud Aviation Caravelle</a>, and larger ones with the original <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737</a>. The original DC-9 was followed by the second generation in 1980, the <a href="/wiki/MD-80" class="mw-redirect" title="MD-80">MD-80</a> series, a lengthened DC-9-50 with a larger wing and a higher MTOW. This was further developed into the third generation, the <a href="/wiki/MD-90" class="mw-redirect" title="MD-90">MD-90</a>, in the early 1990s, as the body was stretched again, fitted with <a href="/wiki/V2500" class="mw-redirect" title="V2500">V2500</a> high-bypass turbofans, and an updated flight deck. The shorter and final version, the MD-95, was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_717" title="Boeing 717">Boeing 717</a> after McDonnell Douglas's merger with Boeing in 1997; it is powered by <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_BR715" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce BR715">Rolls-Royce BR715</a> engines. The DC-9 family was produced between 1965 and 2006 with a total delivery of 2441 units: 976 DC-9s, 1191 MD-80s, 116 MD-90s, and 155 Boeing 717s. As of August 2022, 250 aircraft remain in service: 31 DC-9s (freighter), 116 MD-80s (mainly freighter), and 103 Boeing 717s (passenger), while the MD-90 was retired without freighter conversion. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> During the late 1950s, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas Aircraft</a> studied a short- to medium-range airliner to complement their then-sole <a href="/wiki/Jetliner" class="mw-redirect" title="Jetliner">jetliner</a>, the high-capacity, long-range <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8">DC-8</a> (DC stands for Douglas Commercial).<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> The Model 2067, a four-engined aircraft sized for medium-range routes was studied in depth, but work on it was abandoned after the proposal did not receive enough interest from airlines. In 1960, Douglas signed a two-year contract with the French aeronautics company <a href="/wiki/Sud_Aviation" title="Sud Aviation">Sud Aviation</a> for technical cooperation; under the terms of this contract, Douglas would market and support the <a href="/wiki/Sud_Aviation_Caravelle" title="Sud Aviation Caravelle">Sud Aviation Caravelle</a> and produce a <a href="/wiki/Licensed_production" title="Licensed production">licensed version</a> if sufficient orders were forthcoming from airlines. However, none were ever ordered from the company, leading to Douglas returning to its design studies after the co-operation deal expired.<a href="#cite_note-G_Endres-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-eden_81-3">[3]</a> In 1962, design studies were underway into what would become the DC-9, known as Model 2086.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The first envisioned version seated 63 passengers and had a gross weight of 69,000 lb (31,300 kg). This design was changed into what would be the initial DC-9 variant.<a href="#cite_note-G_Endres-2">[2]</a> During February 1963, detailed design work commenced.<a href="#cite_note-anderton_86-5">[5]</a> On April 8, 1963, Douglas announced that it would proceed with the DC-9.<a href="#cite_note-G_Endres-2">[2]</a> Shortly thereafter, <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> placed the initial order for the DC-9, ordering 15 aircraft along with options for another 15. By January 1965, Douglas had garnered orders for 58 DC-9 as well as options for a further 44.<a href="#cite_note-anderton_86-5">[5]</a> Unlike the competing but larger <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a> <a href="/wiki/Trijet" title="Trijet">trijet</a>, which used as many <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">707</a> components as possible, the DC-9 was developed as an all-new design. Throughout its development, Douglas had placed considerable emphasis on making the airliner as economic as possible, as well as to facilitate its future growth.<a href="#cite_note-anderton_86-5">[5]</a> The adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT8D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT8D">Pratt & Whitney JT8D</a> low-bypass <a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a> engine, which had already been developed for the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a>, enabled Douglas to benefit from the preexisting investment.<a href="#cite_note-eden_114-6">[6]</a> Pratt & Whitney had long collaborated with Douglas on various projects, thus their engine was a natural choice for the company.<a href="#cite_note-vashjenkins_80-7">[7]</a> In order to reduce the considerable financial burden of its development, Douglas implemented one of the first <a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">shared-risk production arrangements</a> for the DC-9, arranging for <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada" title="De Havilland Canada">de Havilland Canada</a> to produce the wing at its own financial cost in return for promises on prospective future production orders.<a href="#cite_note-anderton_86-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entry_into_service">Entry into service</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Entry into service">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Left_side_view_of_Delta_Air_Lines_Douglas_DC-9_(N3304L)_taking_off.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Left_side_view_of_Delta_Air_Lines_Douglas_DC-9_%28N3304L%29_taking_off.jpg/220px-Left_side_view_of_Delta_Air_Lines_Douglas_DC-9_%28N3304L%29_taking_off.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Left_side_view_of_Delta_Air_Lines_Douglas_DC-9_%28N3304L%29_taking_off.jpg/330px-Left_side_view_of_Delta_Air_Lines_Douglas_DC-9_%28N3304L%29_taking_off.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Left_side_view_of_Delta_Air_Lines_Douglas_DC-9_%28N3304L%29_taking_off.jpg/440px-Left_side_view_of_Delta_Air_Lines_Douglas_DC-9_%28N3304L%29_taking_off.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4846" /></a><figcaption>The DC-9 entered service with <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> on December 8, 1965.</figcaption></figure> The pace of development on the program was rapid.<a href="#cite_note-eden_107-8">[8]</a> The first DC-9, a production model, flew on February 25, 1965.<a href="#cite_note-aijun80_p293-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-vashjenkins_79-10">[10]</a> The second DC-9 flew a few weeks later,<a href="#cite_note-douglas_jetliners-11">[11]</a> with a test fleet of five aircraft flying by July. Several key refinements to the aircraft were made during flight testing, such as the replacement of the original <a href="/wiki/Leading-edge_slat" title="Leading-edge slat">leading-edge slat</a> design to achieve lower <a href="/wiki/Drag_(physics)" title="Drag (physics)">drag</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sadraey_239-12">[12]</a> The flight test program proceeded at a rapid pace; the initial Series 10 received <a href="/wiki/Type_certificate" title="Type certificate">airworthiness certification</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> on November 23, 1965, permitting it to enter service with Delta Air Lines on December 8.<a href="#cite_note-aijun80_p293-9">[9]</a> Through the DC-9, Douglas had beaten rival company <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">737</a> to enter the short-haul jet market, a key factor that contributed to the DC-9 becoming the best selling airliner in the world for a time.<a href="#cite_note-eden_112-13">[13]</a> By May 1976, the company had delivered 726 aircraft of the DC-9 family, which was more than double the number of its nearest competitor.<a href="#cite_note-anderton_86-5">[5]</a> However, following decades of intense competition between the two airliners, the DC-9 would eventually be overtaken as the world's best selling airliner by Boeing's 737.<a href="#cite_note-eden_7-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-vashjenkins_78-15">[15]</a> From the onset of its development, the DC-9 had been intended to be available in multiple versions to suit varying customer requirements;<a href="#cite_note-aijun80_p292-16">[16]</a> the first stretched version, the Series 30, with a longer fuselage and extended wing tips, flew on August 1, 1966, entering service with <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines" title="Eastern Air Lines">Eastern Air Lines</a> in 1967.<a href="#cite_note-aijun80_p293-9">[9]</a> The initial Series 10 was followed by the improved <a href="#Series_20">-20</a>, <a href="#Series_30">-30</a>, and <a href="#Series_40">-40</a> variants. The final DC-9 series was the <a href="#Series_50">-50</a>, which first flew in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-douglas_jetliners-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production">Production</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> The DC-9 series, the first generation of the DC-9 family, would become a long term commercial success for the manufacturer. However, early production of the type had come at a higher unit cost than had been anticipated, leading to DC-9s being sold at a loss.<a href="#cite_note-eden_115-17">[17]</a> The unfavorable early economics of the type negatively impacted Douglas, pushing it into fiscal hardship. However, the high customer demand for the DC-9 made the company attractive for either an acquisition or a merger;<a href="#cite_note-vashjenkins_156-18">[18]</a> Douglas would merge with the American aerospace company <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Aircraft_Corporation" title="McDonnell Aircraft Corporation">McDonnell Aircraft</a> to form <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a> in 1967.<a href="#cite_note-eden_112-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_36-19">[19]</a> The DC-9 family is one of the longest-lasting aircraft in production and operation. It was produced on the final assembly line in <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a>, beginning in 1965, and later was on a common line with the second generation of the DC-9 family, the <a href="/wiki/MD-80" class="mw-redirect" title="MD-80">MD-80</a>, with which it shares its line number sequence. Following the delivery of 976 DC-9s and 108 MD-80s, McDonnell Douglas stopped series production of the DC-9 in December 1982.<a href="#cite_note-douglas_jetliners-11">[11]</a> The last member of the DC-9 family, the Boeing 717, was produced until 2006.<a href="#cite_note-vashjenkins_78-15">[15]</a> The DC-9 family was produced in total 2441 units: 976 DC-9s (first generation), 1191 MD-80s (second generation), 116 MD-90s, and 155 Boeing 717s (third generation).<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> This compared to 2,970 <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A320">Airbus A320s</a> and 5,270 <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737s</a> delivered as of 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Airbus_O&D-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boeing_O&D-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enhancement_studies">Enhancement studies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Enhancement studies">edit</a>]</div> Studies aimed at further improving DC-9 <a href="/wiki/Fuel_efficiency" title="Fuel efficiency">fuel efficiency</a>, by means of retrofitted wingtips of various types, were undertaken by McDonnell Douglas, but these did not demonstrate significant benefits, especially with existing fleets shrinking. The wing design makes retrofitting difficult.<a href="#cite_note-Wingtip_Mod-23">[23]</a> Between 1973 and 1975, McDonnell Douglas studied the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Re-engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Re-engine"> replacing engines</a> on the DC-9 with the JT8D-109 turbofan, a quieter and more efficient variant of the JT8D. This progressed to the flight-test stage, and tests achieved noise reduction between 8 and 9 decibels depending on the phase of flight.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> No further aircraft were modified, and the test aircraft was re-equipped with standard JT8D-9s prior to delivery to its airline customer. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_developments_(DC-9_family)">Further developments (DC-9 family)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further developments (DC-9 family)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_MD-82_v1.0.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-82_v1.0.png/370px-McDonnell_Douglas_MD-82_v1.0.png" decoding="async" width="370" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-82_v1.0.png/555px-McDonnell_Douglas_MD-82_v1.0.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-82_v1.0.png/740px-McDonnell_Douglas_MD-82_v1.0.png 2x" data-file-width="1888" data-file-height="1644" /></a><figcaption>The DC-9 family development: the early DC-9, subsequent <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-80</a>, later <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">MD-90</a> and the final <a href="/wiki/Boeing_717" title="Boeing 717">Boeing 717</a></figcaption></figure> Two further developments of the original or first generation DC-9 series used the new designation with McDonnell Douglas initials (MD- prefix) followed by the year of development. The first derivative or second generation was the <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-80 series</a> and the second derivative or third generation was the <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">MD-90 series</a>. Together, they formed the DC-9 family of 12 aircraft members (variants), and if the DC-9- designation were retained, the family members would be: First generation (Series 10, Series 20, Series 30, Series 40, and Series 50), second generation (Series 81, Series 82, Series 83, Series 87, and Series 88), and third generation (Series 90 and Series 95). The Series 10 (DC-9-10) was the smallest family member and the Series 90 (MD-90) was the largest. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_generation_(MD-80_series)">Second generation (MD-80 series)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Second generation (MD-80 series)">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">McDonnell Douglas MD-80</a></div> The original DC-9 series was followed in 1980 by the introduction of the second generation of the DC-9 family, the MD-80 series. This was originally called the DC-9-80 (short Series 80 and later stylized Super 80).<a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_54-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-vashjenkins_16-27">[27]</a> It was a lengthened DC-9-50 with a higher <a href="/wiki/Maximum_takeoff_weight" title="Maximum takeoff weight">maximum takeoff weight</a> (MTOW), a larger <a href="/wiki/Wing" title="Wing">wing</a>, new main <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">landing gear</a>, and higher fuel capacity.<a href="#cite_note-eden_1135-28">[28]</a> The MD-80 series features a number of variants of the JT8D turbofan engine that had higher thrust ratings than those available on the original DC-9 series.<a href="#cite_note-robertson_3115-29">[29]</a> The MD-80 series includes the MD-81, MD-82, MD-83, MD-88, and shortest variant, the MD-87. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Third_generation_(MD-90_series)">Third generation (MD-90 series)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Third generation (MD-90 series)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">McDonnell Douglas MD-90</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_717" title="Boeing 717">Boeing 717</a></div> <dl><dt>MD-90</dt></dl> The MD-80 series was further developed into the third generation, the MD-90 series, in the early 1990s. It has yet another fuselage stretch, an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_flight_instrument_system" title="Electronic flight instrument system">electronic flight instrument system</a> (first introduced on the MD-88), and completely new <a href="/wiki/International_Aero_Engines_V2500" class="mw-redirect" title="International Aero Engines V2500">International Aero V2500</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbofan#High-bypass_turbofan" title="Turbofan">high-bypass turbofan engines</a>. In comparison to the very successful MD-80, relatively few MD-90s were built. <dl><dt>Boeing 717 (MD-95)</dt></dl> The shorter and final variant, the MD-95, was renamed the Boeing 717 after McDonnell Douglas's merger with Boeing in 1997 and before aircraft deliveries began.<a href="#cite_note-vashjenkins_69-30">[30]</a> The fuselage length and wing are very similar to those of the DC-9-30, but much use was made of lighter, modern materials. Power is supplied by two <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_BR700" title="Rolls-Royce BR700">BMW/Rolls-Royce BR715</a> high-bypass turbofan engines. <dl><dt>Comac ARJ21 (C909)</dt></dl> China's <a href="/wiki/Comac_ARJ21" class="mw-redirect" title="Comac ARJ21">Comac ARJ21</a> (C909) is derived from the DC-9 family.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The ARJ21/C909 is built with manufacturing tooling from the MD-90 Trunkliner program. As a consequence, it has the same fuselage cross-section, nose profile, and tail.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Design">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DC-9_Cockpit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/DC-9_Cockpit.jpg/220px-DC-9_Cockpit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/DC-9_Cockpit.jpg/330px-DC-9_Cockpit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/DC-9_Cockpit.jpg/440px-DC-9_Cockpit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A DC-9's two-person cockpit with analog instrument panel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_DC-9_Main_Cabin_(2170299582).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_DC-9_Main_Cabin_%282170299582%29.jpg/220px-The_DC-9_Main_Cabin_%282170299582%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_DC-9_Main_Cabin_%282170299582%29.jpg/330px-The_DC-9_Main_Cabin_%282170299582%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_DC-9_Main_Cabin_%282170299582%29.jpg/440px-The_DC-9_Main_Cabin_%282170299582%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>The cabin of a former Northwest Airlines DC-9, showing a typical four-abreast seating in First Class and Five-abreast seating in economy class behind.</figcaption></figure> The DC-9 was designed for short to medium-haul routes, often to smaller airports with shorter runways and less ground infrastructure than the major airports being served by larger airliners like the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8, where accessibility and short-field characteristics were needed. The DC-9's takeoff weight was limited to 80,000 lb (36,300 kg) for a two-person flight crew by the then-<a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Agency</a> regulations at the time.<a href="#cite_note-G_Endres-2">[2]</a> The commercial passenger aircraft have five abreast layout for economy seating that can accommodate 80 to 135 passengers, depending on version and seating arrangement. Turnarounds were simplified by built-in airstairs, including one in the tail, which shortened boarding and deplaning times. The DC-9 was originally designed to perform a maximum of 40,000 landings.<a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_85-32">[32]</a> The DC-9 has two rear-mounted JT8D turbofan engines, relatively small, efficient wings, and a <a href="/wiki/T-tail" title="T-tail">T-tail</a>.<a href="#cite_note-douglas_jetliners-11">[11]</a> The tail-mounted engine design facilitated a clean wing without engine pods, which had numerous advantages. First, the <a href="/wiki/Flap_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap (aircraft)">flaps</a> could be longer, unimpeded by pods on the leading edge and engine-blast concerns on the trailing edge. This simplified design improved airflow at low speeds and enabled lower takeoff and approach speeds, thus lowering field length requirements and keeping wing structure light. The second advantage of the tail-mounted engines was the reduction in <a href="/wiki/Foreign_object_damage" title="Foreign object damage">foreign object damage</a> from ingested debris from runways and aprons, but with this position, the engines could ingest ice streaming off the wing roots. The third was the absence of engines in underslung pods, which permitted a reduction in fuselage ground clearance, making the airliner more accessible to baggage handlers and passengers. The cockpit of the DC-9 was largely analogue, with flight controls mainly consisting of various levers, wheels, and knobs.<a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_94-33">[33]</a> The problem of <a href="/wiki/Stall_(flight)#Deep_stall" class="mw-redirect" title="Stall (flight)">deep stalling</a>, revealed by the loss of the <a href="/wiki/BAC_One-Eleven" title="BAC One-Eleven">BAC One-Eleven</a> prototype in 1963, was overcome through various changes, including the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Vortilon" title="Vortilon">vortilons</a>, small surfaces beneath the wings' leading edges used to control airflow and increase low-speed lift.<a href="#cite_note-vortilon-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_24-35">[35]</a> The need for such features is a result of the rear-mounted engines.<a href="#cite_note-Sadraey_248-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Variants">edit</a>]</div> The DC-9 series, the first generation of the DC-9 family, includes five members or variants and 10 subvariants, which are the production versions (types). Their designations use the Series (DC-9-) prefix followed by a two-digit numbering with the same first digit and the second digit being a zero for variant names and a nonzero for version/type designations. The first variant, Series 10 (DC-9-10), has four versions (Series 11, Series 12, Series 14 and Series 15); the second variant, Series 20, has one version (Series 21); the third variant, Series 30, has four versions (Series 31, Series 32, Series 33 and Series 34); the fourth variant, Series 40, has one version (Series 41); and the fifth or final variant, Series 50, has one version (Series 51). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Series_10">Series 10</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Series 10">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_Airlines_DC-9-14;_N8906E,_August_1984_BUL_(5553207548).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Republic_Airlines_DC-9-14%3B_N8906E%2C_August_1984_BUL_%285553207548%29.jpg/220px-Republic_Airlines_DC-9-14%3B_N8906E%2C_August_1984_BUL_%285553207548%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Republic_Airlines_DC-9-14%3B_N8906E%2C_August_1984_BUL_%285553207548%29.jpg/330px-Republic_Airlines_DC-9-14%3B_N8906E%2C_August_1984_BUL_%285553207548%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Republic_Airlines_DC-9-14%3B_N8906E%2C_August_1984_BUL_%285553207548%29.jpg/440px-Republic_Airlines_DC-9-14%3B_N8906E%2C_August_1984_BUL_%285553207548%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4646" data-file-height="3146" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Republic_Airlines" title="Republic Airlines">Republic Airlines</a> DC-9-14 (1984)</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Subvariant Series 11, Series 12, Series 14, Series 15</dt></dl> The original DC-9 (later designated the Series 10) was the smallest DC-9 variant. The -10 was 104.4 ft (31.8 m) long and had a maximum weight of 82,000 lb (37,000 kg). The Series 10 was similar in size and configuration to the <a href="/wiki/BAC_One-Eleven" title="BAC One-Eleven">BAC One-Eleven</a> and featured a T-tail and rear-mounted engines. Power was provided by a pair of 12,500 <a href="/wiki/Pound_(force)" title="Pound (force)">lbf</a> (56 <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">kN</a>) JT8D-5 or 14,000 lbf (62 kN) JT8D-7 engines. A total of 137 were built. <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> was the initial operator. The Series 10 was produced in two main subvariants, the Series 14 and 15, although, of the first four aircraft, three were built as Series 11s and one as Series 12. These were later converted to Series 14 standard. No Series 13 was produced. A passenger/cargo version of the aircraft, with a 136-by-81-inch (3.5 by 2.1 m) side cargo door forward of the wing and a reinforced cabin floor, was certificated on March 1, 1967. Cargo versions included the Series 15MC (minimum change) with folding seats that can be carried in the rear of the aircraft, and the Series 15RC (rapid change) with seats removable on pallets. These differences disappeared over the years as new interiors were installed.<a href="#cite_note-airclaims-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-JanesUp-38">[38]</a> The Series 10 was unique in the DC-9 family in not having leading-edge slats. The Series 10 was designed to have short takeoff and landing distances without the use of leading-edge high-lift devices. Therefore, the wing design of the Series 10 featured airfoils with extremely high maximum-lift capability to obtain the low stalling speeds necessary for short-field performance.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <dl><dt>Series 10 features</dt></dl> The Series 10 has an overall length of 104.4 feet (31.82 m), a fuselage length of 92.1 feet (28.07 m), a passenger-cabin length of 60 feet (18.29 m), and a wingspan of 89.4 feet (27.25 m). The Series 10 was offered with the 14,000 lbf (62 kN)-thrust JT8D-1 and JT8D-7.<a href="#cite_note-airclaims-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-JanesUp-38">[38]</a> All versions of the DC-9 are equipped with an AlliedSignal (Garrett) GTCP85 APU, located in the aft fuselage.<a href="#cite_note-airclaims-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-JanesUp-38">[38]</a> The Series 10, as with all later versions of the DC-9, is equipped with a two-crew analog flightdeck.<a href="#cite_note-airclaims-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-JanesUp-38">[38]</a> The Series 14 was originally certificated with an MTOW of 85,700 lb (38,900 kg), but subsequent options offered increases to 86,300 and 90,700 lb (41,100 kg). The aircraft's MLW in all cases is 81,700 lb (37,100 kg). The Series 14 has a fuel capacity of 3,693 US gallons (with the 907 US gal centre section fuel). The Series 15, certificated on January 21, 1966, is physically identical to the Series 14 but has an increased MTOW of 90,700 lb (41,100 kg). Typical range with 50 passengers and baggage is 950 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> [nmi] (1,760 km; 1,090 mi), increasing to 1,278 nmi (2,367 km; 1,471 mi) at long-range cruise. Range with maximum payload is 600 nmi (1,100 km; 690 mi), increasing to 1,450 nmi (2,690 km; 1,670 mi) with full fuel.<a href="#cite_note-airclaims-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-JanesUp-38">[38]</a> The aircraft is fitted with a passenger door in the port forward fuselage, and a service door/emergency exit is installed opposite. An airstair installed below the front passenger door was available as an option as was an airstair in the tailcone. This also doubled as an emergency exit. Available with either two or four overwing exits, the DC-9-10 can seat up to a maximum certified exit limit of 109 passengers. Typical all-economy layout is 90 passengers, and 72 passengers in a more typical mixed-class layout with 12 first and 60 economy-class passengers.<a href="#cite_note-airclaims-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-JanesUp-38">[38]</a> All versions of the DC-9 are equipped with a tricycle undercarriage, featuring a twin nose unit and twin main units.<a href="#cite_note-airclaims-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-JanesUp-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Series_20">Series 20</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Series 20">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SAS_DC-9-21_SE-DBR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/SAS_DC-9-21_SE-DBR.jpg/220px-SAS_DC-9-21_SE-DBR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/SAS_DC-9-21_SE-DBR.jpg/330px-SAS_DC-9-21_SE-DBR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/SAS_DC-9-21_SE-DBR.jpg/440px-SAS_DC-9-21_SE-DBR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines" title="Scandinavian Airlines">SAS</a> DC-9-21 (1982)</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Subvariant Series 21</dt></dl> The Series 20 was designed to satisfy a <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian Airlines System">Scandinavian Airlines</a> request for improved short-field performance by using the more-powerful engines and improved wings of the -30 combined with the shorter fuselage used in the -10. Ten Series 20 aircraft were produced, all as the Model -21.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The -21 had slats and stairs at the rear of plane.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1969, a DC-9 Series 20 at Long Beach was fitted with an <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Brothers_(computer_company)" title="Elliott Brothers (computer company)">Elliott Flight Automation</a> <a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">Head-up display</a> by McDonnell Douglas and used for successful three-month-long trials with pilots from various airlines, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">US Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <dl><dt>Series 20 features</dt></dl> The Series 20 has an overall length of 104.4 feet (31.82 m), a fuselage length of 92.1 feet (28.07 m), a passenger-cabin length of 60 feet (18.29 m), and a wingspan of 93.3 feet (28.44 m).<a href="#cite_note-airclaims-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-JanesUp-38">[38]</a> The DC-9 Series 20 is powered by the 15,000 lbf (67 kN) thrust JT8D-11 engine.<a href="#cite_note-airclaims-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-JanesUp-38">[38]</a> The Series 20 was originally certificated at an MTOW of 94,500 lb (42,900 kg) but this was increased to 98,000 lb (44,000 kg), eight percent more than on the higher weight Series 14s and 15s. The aircraft's MLW is 95,300 lb (43,200 kg) and MZFW is 84,000 lb (38,000 kg). Typical range with maximum payload is 1,000 nmi (1,900 km; 1,200 mi), increasing to 1,450 nmi (2,690 km; 1,670 mi) with maximum fuel. The Series 20, using the same wing as the Series 30, 40 and 50, has a slightly lower basic fuel capacity than the Series 10 (3,679 US gallons).<a href="#cite_note-airclaims-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-JanesUp-38">[38]</a> <dl><dt>Series 20 milestones</dt></dl> <ul><li>First flight: September 18, 1968.</li> <li>FAA certification: November 25, 1968.</li> <li>First delivery: December 11, 1968, to <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian Airlines System">Scandinavian Airlines System</a> (SAS)</li> <li>Entry into service: January 27, 1969, with SAS.</li> <li>Last delivery: May 1, 1969, to SAS.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Series_30">Series 30</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Series 30">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Canada_DC-9-32;_CF-TLU@JFK,_August_1968.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Air_Canada_DC-9-32%3B_CF-TLU%40JFK%2C_August_1968.jpg/220px-Air_Canada_DC-9-32%3B_CF-TLU%40JFK%2C_August_1968.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Air_Canada_DC-9-32%3B_CF-TLU%40JFK%2C_August_1968.jpg/330px-Air_Canada_DC-9-32%3B_CF-TLU%40JFK%2C_August_1968.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Air_Canada_DC-9-32%3B_CF-TLU%40JFK%2C_August_1968.jpg/440px-Air_Canada_DC-9-32%3B_CF-TLU%40JFK%2C_August_1968.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9294" data-file-height="6093" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a> DC-9-32 (1968). This plane was later involved in the <a href="/wiki/Air_Canada_Flight_797" title="Air Canada Flight 797">Air Canada Flight 797</a> accident.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Subvariant Series 31, Series 32, Series 33, Series 34</dt></dl> The Series 30 was produced to counter Boeing's 737 twinjet; 662 were built, about 60% of the total. The -30 entered service with <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Airlines">Eastern Airlines</a> in February 1967 with a 14 ft 9 in (4.50 m) fuselage stretch, wingspan increased by just over 3 ft (0.9 m) and full-span <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge_slats" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading edge slats">leading edge slats</a>, improving takeoff and landing performance. Maximum takeoff weight was typically 110,000 lb (50,000 kg). Engines for Models -31, -32, -33, and -34 included the P&W JT8D-7 and JT8D-9 rated at 14,500 lbf (64 kN) of thrust, or JT8D-11 with 15,000 lbf (67 kN). Unlike the Series 10, the Series 30 had leading-edge devices to reduce the landing speeds at higher landing weights; full-span slats reduced approach speeds by six knots despite 5,000 lb greater weight. The slats were lighter than slotted <a href="/wiki/Krueger_flap" title="Krueger flap">Krueger flaps</a>, since the structure associated with the slat is a more efficient torque box than the structure associated with the slotted Krueger. The wing had a six-percent increase in chord, all ahead of the front spar, allowing the 15 percent chord slat to be incorporated.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <dl><dt>Series 30 versions</dt></dl> The Series 30 was built in four main sub-variants.<a href="#cite_note-airclaims-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-JanesUp-38">[38]</a> <ul><li>DC-9-31: Produced in passenger version only. The first DC-9 Series 30 flew on August 1, 1966, and the first delivery was to <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Airlines">Eastern Airlines</a> on February 27, 1967, after certification on December 19, 1966. Basic MTOW of 98,000 lb (44,000 kg) and subsequently certificated at weights up to 108,000 lb (49,000 kg).</li> <li>DC-9-32: Introduced in the first year (1967). Certificated March 1, 1967. Basic MTOW of 108,000 lb (49,000 kg) later increased to 110,000 lb (50,000 kg). A number of cargo versions of the Series 32 were also produced: <ul><li>32LWF (Light Weight Freight) with modified cabin but no cargo door or reinforced floor, intended for package freighter use.</li> <li>32CF (Convertible Freighter), with a reinforced floor but retaining passenger facilities</li> <li>32AF (All Freight), a windowless all-cargo aircraft.</li></ul></li> <li>DC-9-33: Following the Series 31 and 32 came the Series 33 for passenger/cargo or all-cargo use. Certificated on April 15, 1968, the aircraft's MTOW was 114,000 lb (52,000 kg), MLW to 102,000 lb (46,000 kg) and MZFW to 95,500 lb (43,300 kg). JT8D-9 or -11 (15,000 lbf (67 kN) thrust) engines were used. Wing incidence was increased 1.25 degrees to reduce cruise drag.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Only 22 were built, as All Freight (AF), Convertible Freight (CF) and Rapid Change (RC) aircraft.</li> <li>DC-9-34: The last variant was the Series 34, intended for longer range with an MTOW of 121,000 lb (55,000 kg), an MLW of 110,000 lb (50,000 kg) and an MZFW of 98,000 lb (44,000 kg). The DC-9-34CF (Convertible Freighter) was certificated April 20, 1976, while the passenger followed on November 3, 1976. The aircraft has the more powerful JT8D-9s with the -15 and -17 engines as an option. It had the wing incidence change introduced on the DC-9-33. Twelve were built, five as convertible freighters.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Series 30 features</dt></dl> The DC-9-30 was offered with a selection of variants of JT8D including the -1, -7, -9, -11, -15. and -17. The most common on the Series 31 is the JT8D-7 (14,000 lbf (62 kN) thrust), although it was also available with the -9 and -17 engines. On the Series 32 the JT8D-9 (14,500 lbf (64 kN) thrust) was standard, with the -11 also offered. The Series 33 was offered with the JT8D-9 or -11 (15,000 lbf (67 kN) thrust) engines and the heavyweight -34 with the JT8D-9, -15 (15,000 lbf (67 kN) thrust) or -17 (16,000 lbf (71 kN) thrust) engines.<a href="#cite_note-airclaims-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-JanesUp-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Series_40">Series 40</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Series 40">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NWA_DC-9_at_MSP_(385589820).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/NWA_DC-9_at_MSP_%28385589820%29.jpg/220px-NWA_DC-9_at_MSP_%28385589820%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/NWA_DC-9_at_MSP_%28385589820%29.jpg/330px-NWA_DC-9_at_MSP_%28385589820%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/NWA_DC-9_at_MSP_%28385589820%29.jpg/440px-NWA_DC-9_at_MSP_%28385589820%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1046" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Airlines" title="Northwest Airlines">Northwest Airlines</a> DC-9-40 (2007)</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Subvariant Series 41</dt></dl> The DC-9-40 is a further lengthened version. With a 6 ft 6 in (2 m) longer fuselage, accommodation was up to 125 passengers. The Series 40 was fitted with Pratt & Whitney engines with thrust of 14,500 to 16,000 lbf (64 to 71 kN). A total of 71 were produced. The variant first entered service with <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian Airlines System">Scandinavian Airlines System</a> (SAS) in March 1968. Its unit cost was <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>5.2 million (1972)<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> (equivalent to US$28.73 million in 2023)<a href="#cite_note-inflation-USGDP-45">[45]</a> . <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Series_50">Series 50</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Series 50">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9-50_(6739882389).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9-50_%286739882389%29.jpg/220px-McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9-50_%286739882389%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9-50_%286739882389%29.jpg/330px-McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9-50_%286739882389%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9-50_%286739882389%29.jpg/440px-McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9-50_%286739882389%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> DC-9-51 (2012)</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Subvariant Series 51</dt></dl> The Series 50 was the largest version of the DC-9 to enter airline service. It features an 8 ft 2 in (2.49 m) fuselage stretch and seats up to 139 passengers. It entered revenue service in August 1975 with <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Airlines">Eastern Airlines</a> and included several detail improvements, a new cabin interior, and more powerful JT8D-15 or 17 engines in the 16,000 and 16,500 lbf (71 and 73 kN) class. McDonnell Douglas delivered 96, all as the Model -51. Some visual cues to distinguish this version from other DC-9 variants include side strakes or fins below the side cockpit windows, spray deflectors on the nose gear, and thrust reversers angled inward 17 degrees compared to the original configuration. The thrust reverser modification was developed by <a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a> for its earlier aircraft, and adopted by McDonnell Douglas as a standard feature on the series 50. It was also applied to many earlier DC-9s during regular maintenance.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_and_government">Military and government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Military and government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_C-9" title="McDonnell Douglas C-9">McDonnell Douglas C-9</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Operators">edit</a>]</div> As of May 2024, a total of 30 DC-9 series aircraft remain in service, of which 20 are operated by <a href="/wiki/Aeronaves_TSM" title="Aeronaves TSM">Aeronaves TSM</a> and two passenger aircraft in service with <a href="/wiki/African_Express_Airways" title="African Express Airways">African Express Airways</a>, and the rest in cargo service.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] With the existing DC-9 fleet shrinking, modifications do not appear to be likely to occur, especially since the wing design makes retrofitting difficult.<a href="#cite_note-Wingtip_Mod-23">[23]</a> DC-9s are therefore likely to be further replaced in service by newer airliners such as <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A320">Airbus A320</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embraer_E-Jets" class="mw-redirect" title="Embraer E-Jets">Embraer E-Jets</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A220" title="Airbus A220">Airbus A220</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> However one former <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines" title="Scandinavian Airlines">Scandinavian Airlines</a> DC-9-21 is operated as a skydiving jump platform at Perris Valley Airport in <a href="/wiki/Perris,_California" title="Perris, California">Perris, California</a>. With the steps on the ventral stairs removed, it is the only airline transport class jet certified to date by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">FAA</a> for skydiving operations as of 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Perris_Valley_Skydiving_DC-9_Video-48">[48]</a> This is the last and only -21 series still airworthy, and after being out of service for over a decade, it returned to the sky on May 7th, 2024<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> During the mid 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Airlines" title="Northwest Airlines">Northwest Airlines</a> was the largest operator of the type in the world, flying 180 DC-9s.<a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_23-50">[50]</a> After its acquisition of Northwest Airlines, <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> operated a sizable fleet of DC-9s, most of which were over 30 years old at the time. With severe increases in fuel prices in the summer of 2008, Northwest Airlines began retiring its DC-9s, switching to Airbus A319s that are 27% more fuel efficient.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> As the Northwest/Delta merger progressed, Delta returned several stored DC-9s to service. Delta Air Lines made its last DC-9 commercial flight from Minneapolis/St. Paul to Atlanta on January 6, 2014, with the flight number DL2014.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deliveries">Deliveries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Deliveries">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:90%;"> <caption>Deliveries<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Type</th> <th>Total</th> <th>1982</th> <th>1981</th> <th>1980</th> <th>1979</th> <th>1978</th> <th>1977</th> <th>1976</th> <th>1975</th> <th>1974</th> <th>1973</th> <th>1972</th> <th>1971</th> <th>1970</th> <th>1969</th> <th>1968</th> <th>1967</th> <th>1966</th> <th>1965 </th></tr> <tr> <th>DC-9-10 </th> <td>113</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>10</td> <td>29</td> <td>69</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>DC-9-10C </th> <td>24</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td>20</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>DC-9-20 </th> <td>10</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>9</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>DC-9-30 </th> <td>585</td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>13</td> <td>24</td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>12</td> <td>16</td> <td>21</td> <td>21</td> <td>17</td> <td>42</td> <td>41</td> <td>97</td> <td>161</td> <td>101</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>DC-9-30C </th> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>-</td> <td>6</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>7</td> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>DC-9-30F </th> <td>6</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>DC-9-40 </th> <td>71</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>27</td> <td>-</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>7</td> <td>2</td> <td>10</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>DC-9-50 </th> <td>96</td> <td></td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>10</td> <td>15</td> <td>18</td> <td>28</td> <td>15</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>C-9A </th> <td>21</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>8</td> <td>1</td> <td>-</td> <td>5</td> <td>7</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>C-9B </th> <td>17</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>-</td> <td>8</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>VC-9C </th> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>DC-9 series </th> <td>976</td> <td>10</td> <td>16</td> <td>18</td> <td>39</td> <td>22</td> <td>22</td> <td>50</td> <td>42</td> <td>48</td> <td>29</td> <td>32</td> <td>46</td> <td>51</td> <td>122</td> <td>202</td> <td>153</td> <td>69</td> <td>5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accidents_and_incidents">Accidents and incidents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Accidents and incidents">edit</a>]</div> As of June 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit">[update]</a>, the DC-9 family aircraft has been involved in 276 major <a href="/wiki/Aviation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Aviation accidents and incidents">aviation accidents and incidents</a>, including 156 <a href="/wiki/Hull_loss" title="Hull loss">hull-losses</a>, with 3,697 fatalities combined (all generations of family members)= (1st gen., DC-9 series): 107 hull-losses & 2,250 fatalities + (2nd gen., <a href="/wiki/MD-80" class="mw-redirect" title="MD-80">MD-80</a> series): 46 hull-losses & 1,446 fatalities + (3rd gen., <a href="/wiki/MD-90" class="mw-redirect" title="MD-90">MD-90</a> series including <a href="/wiki/Boeing_717" title="Boeing 717">Boeing 717</a>): 3 hull-losses & 1 fatality.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accidents_with_fatalities">Accidents with fatalities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Accidents with fatalities">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>On October 1, 1966, <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Airlines_Flight_956" title="West Coast Airlines Flight 956">West Coast Airlines Flight 956</a> crashed with eighteen fatalities and no survivors. This accident marked the first loss of a DC-9.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li> <li>On March 9, 1967, <a href="/wiki/TWA_Flight_553" title="TWA Flight 553">TWA Flight 553</a> crashed in a field in <a href="/wiki/Concord_Township,_Champaign_County,_Ohio" title="Concord Township, Champaign County, Ohio">Concord Township</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Urbana,_Ohio" title="Urbana, Ohio">Urbana, Ohio</a>, following a <a href="/wiki/Mid-air_collision" title="Mid-air collision">mid-air collision</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Baron" title="Beechcraft Baron">Beechcraft Baron</a>, an accident that triggered substantial changes in <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">air traffic control</a> procedures.<a href="#cite_note-AAR68-AI-59">[59]</a> All 25 people on board the DC-9 and the sole occupant of the Beechcraft were killed.</li> <li>On March 27, 1968, <a href="/wiki/Ozark_Air_Lines_Flight_965" title="Ozark Air Lines Flight 965">Ozark Air Lines Flight 965</a>, a DC-9-15, collided with a <a href="/wiki/Cessna_150" title="Cessna 150">Cessna 150F</a> while both aircraft were on approach to the same runway at <a href="/wiki/Lambert_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambert Field">Lambert Field</a> in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cessna crashed, killing the two pilots aboard, while the DC-9 landed safely with no injuries to the 49 passengers and crew.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li> <li>On March 16, 1969, <a href="/wiki/Viasa_Flight_742" title="Viasa Flight 742">Viasa Flight 742</a>, a DC-9-32, crashed into the La Trinidad neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Maracaibo,_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Maracaibo, Venezuela">Maracaibo, Venezuela</a>, during a failed take-off. All 84 people on board the aircraft, as well as 71 people on the ground, were killed. With 155 dead in all, this was the deadliest crash involving a member of the original DC-9 family, as well as the worst crash in civil aviation history at the time it took place.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li> <li>On September 9, 1969, <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Airlines_Flight_853" title="Allegheny Airlines Flight 853">Allegheny Airlines Flight 853</a>, a DC-9-30, collided in mid-air with a <a href="/wiki/Piper_PA-28_Cherokee" title="Piper PA-28 Cherokee">Piper PA-28 Cherokee</a> near <a href="/wiki/Fairland,_Indiana" title="Fairland, Indiana">Fairland, Indiana</a>. The DC-9 carried 78 passengers and four crew members, the Piper, one pilot. Both aircraft were destroyed, and all occupants were killed.<a href="#cite_note-ntsb-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-pics-63">[63]</a></li> <li>On February 15, 1970, a <a href="/wiki/Dominicana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Dominicana de Aviación">Dominicana de Aviación</a> DC-9-32 <a href="/wiki/Dominicana_DC-9_air_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominicana DC-9 air disaster">crashed after taking off</a> from <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>. The crash, possibly caused by contaminated fuel, killed all 102 passengers and crew, including champion boxer <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Cruz_(boxer)" title="Carlos Cruz (boxer)">Teo Cruz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ASN_Dominicana-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-ModestoBee-65">[65]</a></li> <li>On May 2, 1970, an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_National_Airways" title="Overseas National Airways">Overseas National Airways</a> DC-9, wet-leased to <a href="/wiki/Air_ALM" class="mw-redirect" title="Air ALM">ALM</a> Dutch Antilles Airlines and operating as <a href="/wiki/ALM_Flight_980" title="ALM Flight 980">ALM Flight 980</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_landing" title="Water landing">ditched</a> in the Caribbean Sea on a flight from <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York's</a> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a> to <a href="/wiki/Princess_Juliana_International_Airport" title="Princess Juliana International Airport">Princess Juliana International Airport</a> on <a href="/wiki/Saint_Maarten" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Maarten">Saint Maarten</a>. After three landing attempts in poor weather at Saint Maarten, the pilots began to divert to their alternate of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands</a> but ran out of fuel 30 mi (48 km) short of the island. After about ten minutes, the aircraft sank in 5,000 ft (1,524 m) of water and was never recovered. 40 people survived the ditching; 23 perished.<a href="#cite_note-AAR71-08-66">[66]</a></li> <li>On November 14, 1970, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Airways_Flight_932" title="Southern Airways Flight 932">Southern Airways Flight 932</a>, a DC-9, crashed into a hill near <a href="/wiki/Tri-State_Airport" title="Tri-State Airport">Tri-State Airport</a> in Huntington, West Virginia. All 75 on board were killed (including 37 members of the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_University" title="Marshall University">Marshall University</a> Thundering Herd football team, eight members of the coaching staff, 25 boosters, and others).</li> <li>On June 6, 1971, <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Airwest_Flight_706" title="Hughes Airwest Flight 706">Hughes Airwest Flight 706</a> was involved in a midair collision with a U.S. Marine Corps F-4 Phantom fighter. All 49 people on board the DC-9 died; one of two aboard the USMC aircraft ejected and survived.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>On January 21, 1972, a <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines" title="Turkish Airlines">Turkish Airlines</a> DC-9-32 TC-JAC diverted to <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> after pressurization problems. The aircraft hit the ground during downwind on the 2nd approach and caught fire. There was one fatality.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li>On January 26, 1972, <a href="/wiki/JAT_Flight_367" title="JAT Flight 367">JAT Flight 367</a> from <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> to <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, DC-9-32 registration YU-AHT, was destroyed in flight by a bomb placed on board. The sole survivor was a flight attendant, <a href="/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87" title="Vesna Vulović">Vesna Vulović</a>, who holds the record for the world's longest fall without a parachute when she fell some 33,000 ft (10,000 m) inside a section of the airplane and survived.</li> <li>On December 20, 1972, <a href="/wiki/North_Central_Airlines" title="North Central Airlines">North Central Airlines</a> Flight 575, DC-9-31 registration N954N, <a href="/wiki/1972_Chicago%E2%80%93O%27Hare_runway_collision" title="1972 Chicago–O'Hare runway collision">collided during its takeoff roll</a> with <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> Flight 954, a <a href="/wiki/Convair_CV-880" class="mw-redirect" title="Convair CV-880">Convair CV-880</a> N8807E that was taxiing across the same runway at <a href="/wiki/O%27Hare_International_Airport" title="O'Hare International Airport">O'Hare International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>. The DC-9 was destroyed, killing 10 and injuring 15 of the 45 people on board; two people among the 93 aboard the Convair 880 suffered minor injuries. Both aircraft <a href="/wiki/Write-off" title="Write-off">were written off</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li>On 5 March 1973, <a href="/wiki/Iberia_(airline)" title="Iberia (airline)">Iberia</a> Flight 504, a DC-9-32, flying from <a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca_Airport" title="Palma de Mallorca Airport">Palma de Mallorca</a> to <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">London</a> <a href="/wiki/1973_Nantes_mid-air_collision" title="1973 Nantes mid-air collision">collided in mid-air</a> with <a href="/wiki/Spantax" title="Spantax">Spantax</a> Flight 400, a <a href="/wiki/Convair_990_Coronado" title="Convair 990 Coronado">Convair 990</a> flying from <a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Barajas_Airport" title="Madrid–Barajas Airport">Madrid</a> to London. All 68 people on board the DC-9 were killed. The CV-990 made a successful emergency landing at Cognac – Châteaubernard Air Base.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li>On July 31, 1973, <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_723" title="Delta Air Lines Flight 723">Delta Air Lines Flight 723</a>, DC-9-31 registration N975NE, crashed into a <a href="/wiki/Seawall" title="Seawall">seawall</a> at <a href="/wiki/Logan_International_Airport" title="Logan International Airport">Logan International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>, killing all 83 passengers and 6 crew members on board. One of the passengers initially survived the accident but later died in a hospital.</li> <li>On September 11, 1974, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines_Flight_212" title="Eastern Air Lines Flight 212">Eastern Air Lines Flight 212</a>, a DC-9-30 crashed just short of the runway at <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a>, killing 71 out of the 82 occupants.</li> <li>On October 30, 1975, <a href="/wiki/Inex-Adria_Aviopromet_Flight_450" title="Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 450">Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 450</a>, a DC-9-32, hit high ground during an approach in fog near <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague-Suchdol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>. 75 of the 120 people were killed.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>On September 10, 1976, <a href="/wiki/Adria_Airways" title="Adria Airways">Inex-Adria Aviopromet</a> Flight 550, a DC-9-31 <a href="/wiki/1976_Zagreb_mid-air_collision" title="1976 Zagreb mid-air collision">collided</a> with <a href="/wiki/British_Airways" title="British Airways">British Airways</a> Flight 476, a <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Trident" title="Hawker Siddeley Trident">Hawker Siddeley Trident 3B</a>, over the Croatian town of <a href="/wiki/Vrbovec" title="Vrbovec">Vrbovec</a>, killing all 176 people aboard both aircraft.</li> <li>On April 4, 1977, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Airways_Flight_242" title="Southern Airways Flight 242">Southern Airways Flight 242</a>, a DC-9-31, lost engine power while flying through a severe thunderstorm before crash landing onto a highway in New Hope, Georgia, striking roadside buildings. The crash and fire resulted in the death of both flight crew and 61 passengers. Nine people on the ground also died. Both flight attendants and 20 passengers survived.<a href="#cite_note-AAR78-03-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li>On June 26, 1978, <a href="/wiki/Air_Canada_Flight_189" title="Air Canada Flight 189">Air Canada Flight 189</a>, a DC-9 overran the runway in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> after a blown tire aborted the takeoff. Two of the 107 passengers and crew were killed.<a href="#cite_note-Globe_&_Mail_AC189-73">[73]</a></li> <li>On September 14, 1979, <a href="/wiki/Aero_Trasporti_Italiani_Flight_12" title="Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 12">Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 12</a>, a DC-9-32 crashed in the mountains near <a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>, Italy while approaching <a href="/wiki/Cagliari-Elmas_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Cagliari-Elmas Airport">Cagliari-Elmas Airport</a>. All 27 passengers and 4 crew members died in the crash and ensuing fire.<a href="#cite_note-ASN_ATI_12-74">[74]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_ustica.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Museo_ustica.JPG/220px-Museo_ustica.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Museo_ustica.JPG/330px-Museo_ustica.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Museo_ustica.JPG/440px-Museo_ustica.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Itavia DC-9 (I-TIGI) was destroyed in an accident at Ustica. Shown in the "Museo della Memoria" opened in Bologna in 2007.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>On June 27, 1980, <a href="/wiki/Itavia_Flight_870" title="Itavia Flight 870">Itavia Flight 870</a>, DC-9-15 I-TIGI, broke up mid-air after an explosion and crashed into the sea near the Italian island of <a href="/wiki/Ustica" title="Ustica">Ustica</a>, killing all 81 people on board. The event spawned numerous <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theories">conspiracy theories</a>, inconclusive investigations into an alleged cover-up by the Italian military, and one of the longest court inquiries in Italian history, which resulted in a 2013 ruling that the DC-9 was shot down by an <a href="/wiki/Air-to-air_missile" title="Air-to-air missile">air-to-air missile</a> launched by a warplane, but without identifying who fired the missile or why.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-Ustica-75">[75]</a> A popular theory endorsed by <a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Giuliano Amato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Francesco Cossiga</a>, both former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Ministers_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Ministers of Italy">Prime Ministers of Italy</a>, says that the <a href="/wiki/French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="French Air Force">French Air Force</a> shot down the DC-9 while trying to down a different aircraft carrying Libyan leader <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>, but no conclusive evidence of this has been presented.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-Ustica-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li>On July 27, 1981, <a href="/wiki/Aeromexico_Flight_230" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeromexico Flight 230">Aeroméxico Flight 230</a>, a DC-9 ran off the runway in <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>. Thirty passengers and two crew of the 66 on board were killed. Bad weather and pilot error were the causes of the accident.</li> <li>On June 2, 1983, <a href="/wiki/Air_Canada_Flight_797" title="Air Canada Flight 797">Air Canada Flight 797</a>, a DC-9 experienced an electrical fire in the aft lavatory during flight, resulting in an emergency landing at <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati/Northern_Kentucky_International_Airport" title="Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport">Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport</a>. During evacuation, the sudden influx of <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> caused a <a href="/wiki/Flash_fire" title="Flash fire">flash fire</a> throughout the cabin, resulting in the deaths of 23 of the 41 passengers, including <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> folk singer <a href="/wiki/Stan_Rogers" title="Stan Rogers">Stan Rogers</a>. All five crew members survived.</li> <li>On December 7, 1983, the Madrid runway disaster took place where a departing <a href="/wiki/Iberia_(airline)" title="Iberia (airline)">Iberia</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a> <a href="/wiki/Madrid_runway_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid runway disaster">struck an Aviaco Douglas DC-9</a> causing the death of 93 passengers and crew. All 42 passengers and crew on board the DC-9 were killed.</li> <li>On December 20, 1983, <a href="/wiki/Ozark_Air_Lines_Flight_650" title="Ozark Air Lines Flight 650">Ozark Air Lines Flight 650</a>, DC-9-31 N994Z, struck a snowplow on landing at <a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls_Regional_Airport" title="Sioux Falls Regional Airport">Sioux Falls Regional Airport</a> in low visibility. The right wing was torn from the jet; the snowplow driver was killed and two flight attendants were injured. The accident was attributed to inadequate <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">air traffic control</a> (ATC) supervision of snow-clearing operations.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li>On September 6, 1985, <a href="/wiki/Midwest_Express_Airlines_Flight_105" title="Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105">Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105</a>, operated with a DC-9-14, crashed just after takeoff from <a href="/wiki/General_Mitchell_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="General Mitchell International Airport">General Mitchell International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>. The crash was caused by improper control inputs by the flight crew after the number 2 engine failed, and all 31 aboard were killed.</li> <li>On August 31, 1986, Aeroméxico Flight 498 <a href="/wiki/1986_Cerritos_mid-air_collision" class="mw-redirect" title="1986 Cerritos mid-air collision">collided in mid-air</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Piper_Cherokee" class="mw-redirect" title="Piper Cherokee">Piper Cherokee</a> over the city of <a href="/wiki/Cerritos,_California" title="Cerritos, California">Cerritos, California</a>, then crashed into the city, killing all 64 aboard the aircraft, 15 people on the ground, and all three in the small plane.</li> <li>On April 4, 1987, <a href="/wiki/Garuda_Indonesia_Flight_035" title="Garuda Indonesia Flight 035">Garuda Indonesia Flight 035</a>, a DC-9-32, hit a pylon and crashed on approach to <a href="/wiki/Polonia_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Polonia International Airport">Polonia International Airport</a> in bad weather with 24 fatalities.<a href="#cite_note-ASN19870404-1-78">[78]</a></li> <li>On November 15, 1987, <a href="/wiki/Continental_Airlines_Flight_1713" title="Continental Airlines Flight 1713">Continental Airlines Flight 1713</a>, a DC-9-14, crashed on takeoff from <a href="/wiki/Stapleton_International_Airport" title="Stapleton International Airport">Stapleton International Airport</a> in bad weather with 28 fatalities. This accident was attributed to a combination of confusion at the ATC, exceeding allowed time-limit for takeoff after de-icing the wings, and inexperienced crew.</li> <li>On November 14, 1990, <a href="/wiki/Alitalia_Flight_404" title="Alitalia Flight 404">Alitalia Flight 404</a>, a DC-9-32, crashed into a hillside on approach to Zurich Airport, killing all 46 persons on board. The crash was caused by a short circuit, which led to a failure of the aircraft's NAV receiver and GPWS system.</li> <li>On December 3, 1990, Northwest Airlines Flight 1482, a DC-9-14, taxied onto the wrong <a href="/wiki/Taxiway" title="Taxiway">taxiway</a> in dense <a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">fog</a> at Detroit-Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, Michigan. It entered the active <a href="/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">runway</a> instead of the taxiway instructed by <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">air traffic controllers</a>. It was then <a href="/wiki/1990_Wayne_County_Airport_runway_collision" title="1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision">struck by a departing Boeing 727</a>. Nine people were killed.<a href="#cite_note-ASN_NW_1482-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-AAR_91-05-80">[80]</a></li> <li>On March 5, 1991, <a href="/wiki/Aeropostal_Alas_de_Venezuela_Flight_108" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeropostal Alas de Venezuela Flight 108">Aeropostal Alas de Venezuela Flight 108</a>, a DC-9-32, crashed into a mountainside in Trujillo State, Venezuela, killing all 40 passengers and five crew aboard.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li>On July 2, 1994, <a href="/wiki/USAir_Flight_1016" title="USAir Flight 1016">USAir Flight 1016</a>, DC-9-31 N954VJ crashed in <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a>, while performing a <a href="/wiki/Go-around" title="Go-around">go-around</a> because of heavy storms and <a href="/wiki/Wind_shear" title="Wind shear">wind shear</a> at the approach of runway 18R. There were 37 fatalities and 15 injured among the passengers and crew. Although the airplane came to rest in a residential area with the tail section striking a house, there were no fatalities or injuries on the ground.</li> <li>On May 11, 1996, <a href="/wiki/ValuJet_Flight_592" title="ValuJet Flight 592">ValuJet Flight 592</a>, DC-9-32 N904VJ crashed in the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Everglades" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Everglades">Florida Everglades</a> due to a fire caused by the activation of chemical oxygen generators illegally stored in the hold. The fire damaged the plane's electrical system and eventually overcame the crew, resulting in the deaths of all 110 people on board.</li> <li>On October 10, 1997, <a href="/wiki/Austral_L%C3%ADneas_A%C3%A9reas_Flight_2553" title="Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 2553">Austral Flight 2553</a>, a DC-9-32 registration LV-WEG, en route from Posadas to Buenos Aires, crashed near <a href="/wiki/Fray_Bentos" title="Fray Bentos">Fray Bentos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, killing all 69 passengers and five crew on board.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li>On February 2, 1998, <a href="/wiki/Cebu_Pacific_Flight_387" title="Cebu Pacific Flight 387">Cebu Pacific Flight 387</a>, a DC-9-32 RP-C1507 crashed on the slopes of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sumagaya" title="Mount Sumagaya">Mount Sumagaya</a> in <a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, killing all 104 passengers and crew on board. Aviation investigators deemed the incident to be caused by pilot error when the plane made a non-regular stopover to Tacloban.</li> <li>On November 9, 1999, <a href="/wiki/TAESA_Flight_725" title="TAESA Flight 725">TAESA Flight 725</a> crashed a few minutes after leaving <a href="/wiki/Uruapan_International_Airport" title="Uruapan International Airport">Uruapan International Airport</a> en route to <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>. 18 people were killed in the accident.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li>On October 6, 2000, <a href="/wiki/Aerom%C3%A9xico" title="Aeroméxico">Aeroméxico</a> Flight 250, DC-9-31 N936ML, overran the runway at <a href="/wiki/General_Lucio_Blanco_International_Airport" title="General Lucio Blanco International Airport">General Lucio Blanco International Airport</a> in Reynosa, crashed into houses and fell into a small canal. Four people on the ground were killed but all 83 passengers and 5 crew survived. The accident was attributed to a late and excessively fast touchdown on a runway that was waterlogged due to heavy rainfall from <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Keith" title="Hurricane Keith">Hurricane Keith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li> <li>On 10 December 2005, <a href="/wiki/Sosoliso_Airlines_Flight_1145" title="Sosoliso Airlines Flight 1145">Sosoliso Airlines Flight 1145</a> from Abuja crash-landed at Port Harcourt International Airport, Nigeria. There were 108 fatalities and two survivors.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li> <li>On April 15, 2008, <a href="/wiki/Hewa_Bora_Airways_Flight_122" title="Hewa Bora Airways Flight 122">Hewa Bora Airways Flight 122</a> crashed into a residential neighborhood, in the <a href="/wiki/Goma" title="Goma">Goma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> resulting in the deaths of at least 44 people.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li> <li>On July 6, 2008, <a href="/wiki/USA_Jet_Airlines_Flight_199" title="USA Jet Airlines Flight 199">USA Jet Airlines Flight 199</a>, a DC-9-15F, crashed on approach to Saltillo, Mexico, after a flight from Shreveport, Louisiana. The captain died and the first officer was seriously injured.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hull_losses">Hull losses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Hull losses">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>On November 27, 1973, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Airlines">Eastern Airlines</a> Flight 300, a DC-9-31, landed long at <a href="/wiki/Akron-Canton_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Akron-Canton Airport">Akron-Canton Airport</a> in light rain and fog, overran the runway, and went over an embankment. All 21 passengers and 5 crew survived with various injuries.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li> <li>On February 21, 1986, <a href="/wiki/USAir" class="mw-redirect" title="USAir">USAir</a> Flight 499, DC-9-31 N961VJ, landed long and overran runway 24 at <a href="/wiki/Erie_International_Airport" title="Erie International Airport">Erie International Airport</a>, coming to rest on a road. One passenger suffered minor injuries; the other 17 passengers and 5 crew were uninjured. The crash was attributed to the pilots' decisions to continue an excessively fast approach, and to land downwind in snow, which was prohibited on runway 24.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li> <li>On April 18, 1993, <a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_System_Flight_451" title="Japan Air System Flight 451">Japan Air System Flight 451</a>, DC-9-41 JA8448, skidded off the runway at <a href="/wiki/Hanamaki_Airport" title="Hanamaki Airport">Hanamaki Airport</a> after the inexperienced pilot mishandled a go-around attempt due to <a href="/wiki/Windshear" class="mw-redirect" title="Windshear">windshear</a> and landed hard. There were 19 injuries in the crash and ensuing fire, but all 77 aboard survived.<a href="#cite_note-Avsafetynetwork-92">[92]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aircraft_on_display">Aircraft on display</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Aircraft on display">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandro_Pertini_Spagna_1982.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sandro_Pertini_Spagna_1982.jpg/220px-Sandro_Pertini_Spagna_1982.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sandro_Pertini_Spagna_1982.jpg/330px-Sandro_Pertini_Spagna_1982.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Sandro_Pertini_Spagna_1982.jpg 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>President of Italy <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Pertini" title="Sandro Pertini">Sandro Pertini</a> with Italy's football team on board DC-9-32 MM62012 after winning the <a href="/wiki/1982_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 World Cup">1982 World Cup</a>. This aircraft is now preserved at <a href="/wiki/Milan_Malpensa_Airport" title="Milan Malpensa Airport">Milan Malpensa Airport</a>.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Canada</dt> <dd>CF-TLL (cn 47021) – DC-9-32 on static display at the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Aviation_and_Space_Museum" title="Canada Aviation and Space Museum">Canada Aviation and Space Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, Ontario, Canada.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> It was previously operated by Air Canada.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Czechia</dt> <dd>N1332U (cn 47404) – DC-9-31 nose section preserved at industrial area in <a href="/wiki/Liberec" title="Liberec">Liberec</a>, Czechia and rebuilt into flight simulator. The DC-9 was previously operated by Northwest.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Indonesia</dt> <dd>PK-GNC (cn 47481) – DC-9-32 painted in <a href="/wiki/Garuda_Indonesia" title="Garuda Indonesia">Garuda Indonesia</a>'s 1960s livery and put on display inside <a href="/wiki/GMF_AeroAsia" title="GMF AeroAsia">GMF</a> hangar in <a href="/wiki/Soekarno%E2%80%93Hatta_International_Airport" title="Soekarno–Hatta International Airport">Soekarno-Hatta Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></dd> <dd>PK-GNT (cn 47790) – DC-9-32 on static display at the Transportation Museum in <a href="/wiki/Taman_Mini_Indonesia_Indah" title="Taman Mini Indonesia Indah">Taman Mini Indonesia Indah</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakarta, Indonesia">Jakarta, Indonesia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> It was relegated to display status after suffering heavy damage in a landing accident in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> It was previously operated by Garuda Indonesia.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Italy</dt> <dd>MM62012 (cn 47595) – DC-9-32 on static display at <a href="/wiki/Volandia" title="Volandia">Volandia</a> adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Milan_Malpensa_Airport" title="Milan Malpensa Airport">Milan Malpensa Airport</a>. This aircraft was operated by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Air_Force" title="Italian Air Force">Italian Air Force</a> as a VIP transport, carrying the president of Italy among other duties.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Netherlands</dt> <dd>N929L (cn 47174) – DC-9-32 nose section displayed inside <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol" title="Amsterdam Airport Schiphol">Schiphol International Airport</a>. Painted in <a href="/wiki/KLM" title="KLM">KLM</a> livery although the plane never served with the airline. It was previously used by <a href="/wiki/Trans_World_Airlines" title="Trans World Airlines">TWA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Airlines</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</dd> <dt>Mexico</dt> <dd>XA-JEB – Ex Aeromexico DC-9-32 on display at a park in <a href="/wiki/Cadereyta_de_Montes" title="Cadereyta de Montes">Cadereyta de Montes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro" title="Querétaro">Querétaro</a>, Mexico. Formerly <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Hefner" title="Hugh Hefner">Hugh Hefner</a>'s private jet, the 'Big Bunny', XA-JEB was sold in 1975 to Venezuela Airlines, who later sold it to Aeromexico, where it was operated until 2004. It was sold and placed on display in 2008 for use as an educational tool.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></dd> <dd>N942ML – with painted registration "XA-SFE" is found on the second floor of the Luxury shopping mall <a href="/wiki/Centro_Santa_Fe" title="Centro Santa Fe">"Centro Comercial Santa Fe"</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_Mexico_City" title="Santa Fe, Mexico City">business district of Mexico City.</a> It is on display with an <a href="/wiki/Interjet" title="Interjet">Interjet</a> livery for the Kidzania brand.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</dd> <dd>N606NW – with painted registration "XA-MEX" can be found in Cuicuilo Plaza at the south of the city. Similar to "XA-SFE", it wears an Interjet Livery for the Kidzania brand.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Spain</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:At_Gran_Canaria_2021_0044.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/At_Gran_Canaria_2021_0044.jpg/220px-At_Gran_Canaria_2021_0044.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/At_Gran_Canaria_2021_0044.jpg/330px-At_Gran_Canaria_2021_0044.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/At_Gran_Canaria_2021_0044.jpg/440px-At_Gran_Canaria_2021_0044.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6960" data-file-height="4640" /></a><figcaption>Preserved front section at Elder Museum, Canary Islands</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd>EC-BQZ (cn 47456) – DC-9-32 on static display at <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez_Madrid%E2%80%93Barajas_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport">Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></dd> <dd>EC-DGB – DC-9-34 front section only preserved at <a href="/wiki/Elder_Museum_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Elder Museum of Science and Technology">Elder Museum of Science and Technology</a>, Gran Canaria.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</dd></dl> <dl><dt>United States</dt> <dd>N675MC (cn 47651) – DC-9-51 on static display at the <a href="/wiki/Delta_Flight_Museum" title="Delta Flight Museum">Delta Flight Museum</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hartsfield%E2%80%93Jackson_Atlanta_International_Airport" title="Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport">Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> It arrived at the museum on 27 April 2014.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> It was previously operated by Delta Air Lines.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</dd> <dd>N779NC (cn 48101) – DC-9-51 was on static display at the <a href="/wiki/Carolinas_Aviation_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolinas Aviation Museum">Carolinas Aviation Museum</a> at <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Douglas_International_Airport" title="Charlotte Douglas International Airport">Charlotte Douglas International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a>, until it was scrapped in January 2017.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Its ferry flight to Charlotte was the last scheduled passenger DC-9 flight in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> It was previously operated by Delta Air Lines.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Specifications">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <caption>DC-9 airplane characteristics<a href="#cite_note-acaps-105">[105]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Variant </th> <th>-15</th> <th>-21</th> <th>-32</th> <th>-41</th> <th>-51 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Cockpit crew<a href="#cite_note-TCDS-106">[106]</a>: 66  </th> <td colspan="5">Two </td></tr> <tr> <th>1-class seating: 15–18  </th> <td colspan="2">90Y@31-32" </td> <td>115Y@31-33" </td> <td>125@31-34" </td> <td>135@32-33" </td></tr> <tr> <th>Exit limit<a href="#cite_note-TCDS-106">[106]</a>: 80  </th> <td colspan="2">109 </td> <td>127 </td> <td>128 </td> <td>139 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Cargo: 4  </th> <td colspan="2">600 ft³ / 17.0m³<a href="#cite_note-15F-107">[a]</a> </td> <td>895 ft³ / 25.3m³<a href="#cite_note-33F-108">[b]</a> </td> <td>1,019 ft³ / 28.9m³ </td> <td>1,174 ft³ / 33.2m³ </td></tr> <tr> <th>Length: 5–9  </th> <td colspan="2">104 ft 4.8in / 31.82 m </td> <td>119 ft 3.6 in / 36.36 m </td> <td>125 ft 7.2 in / 38.28 m </td> <td>133 ft 7 in / 40.72m </td></tr> <tr> <th>Wingspan: 10–14  </th> <td>89 ft 4.8 in / 27.25 m </td> <td colspan="3">93 ft 3.6 in / 28.44 m </td> <td>93 ft 4.2 in / 28.45 m </td></tr> <tr> <th>Height: 10–14  </th> <td colspan="2">27 ft 7 in / 8.4 m </td> <td>27 ft 9 in / 8.5 m </td> <td>28 ft 5 in / 8.7 m </td> <td>28 ft 9 in / 8.8 m </td></tr> <tr> <th>Width </th> <td colspan="5">131.6 in / 334.3 cm Fuselage,: 23  122.4 in / 311 cm Cabin: 24  </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Maximum_take-off_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximum take-off weight">Max. takeoff wt.</a>: 4  </th> <td>90,700 lb / 41,141 kg </td> <td>98,000 lb / 45,359 kg </td> <td>108,000 lb / 48,988 kg </td> <td>114,000 lb / 51,710 kg </td> <td>121,000 lb / 54,885 kg </td></tr> <tr> <th>Empty: 4  </th> <td>49,162 lb / 22,300 kg<a href="#cite_note-15F-107">[a]</a> </td> <td>52,644 lb / 23,879 kg </td> <td>56,855 lb / 25,789 kg<a href="#cite_note-33F-108">[b]</a> </td> <td>61,335 lb / 27,821 kg </td> <td>64,675 lb / 29,336 kg </td></tr> <tr> <th>Fuel: 4  </th> <td colspan="2">24,743 lb / 11,223 kg </td> <td colspan="3">24,649 lb / 11,181 kg </td></tr> <tr> <th>Engine (2×)<a href="#cite_note-TCDS-106">[106]</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/JT8D" class="mw-redirect" title="JT8D">JT8D</a>-1/5/7/9/11/15/17 </td> <td>-9/11 </td> <td>-1/5/7/9/11/15/17 </td> <td>-9/11/15/17 </td> <td>-15/17 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Thrust (2×)<a href="#cite_note-TCDS-106">[106]</a> </th> <td colspan="5">-1/7: 14,000 lbf (62 kN), -5/-9: 12,250 lbf (54.5 kN), -11: 15,000 lbf (67 kN), -15: 15,500 lbf (69 kN), -17: 16,000 lbf (71 kN) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ceiling<a href="#cite_note-TCDS-106">[106]</a>: 67  </th> <td colspan="5">35,000 ft (11,000 m) </td></tr> <tr> <th>MMo<a href="#cite_note-TCDS-106">[106]</a> </th> <td colspan="5">Mach 0.84 (484 kn; 897 km/h; 557 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Range: 36–45  </th> <td>1,300 nmi (2,400 km; 1,500 mi) </td> <td>1,500 nmi (2,800 km; 1,700 mi) </td> <td>1,500 nmi (2,800 km; 1,700 mi) </td> <td>1,200 nmi (2,200 km; 1,400 mi) </td> <td>1,300 nmi (2,400 km; 1,500 mi) </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15F-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-15F_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-15F_107-1">b</a> -15F Cargo: 2,762 ft³ / 78.2m³, Empty: 53,200 lb / 24,131 kg </li> <li id="cite_note-33F-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-33F_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-33F_108-1">b</a> -33F Cargo: 4,195 ft³ / 119.0m³, Empty: 56,430 lb / 25,596 kg </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/42px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/56px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Mexico_DC-9_drug_bust" title="2006 Mexico DC-9 drug bust">2006 Mexico DC-9 drug bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airstair" title="Airstair">Airstair</a></li></ul> Related development <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_717" title="Boeing 717">Boeing 717</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comac_ARJ21" class="mw-redirect" title="Comac ARJ21">Comac ARJ21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_C-9" title="McDonnell Douglas C-9">McDonnell Douglas C-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">McDonnell Douglas MD-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">McDonnell Douglas MD-90</a></li></ul> Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BAC_One-Eleven" title="BAC One-Eleven">BAC One-Eleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mercure" title="Dassault Mercure">Dassault Mercure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_F28_Fellowship" title="Fokker F28 Fellowship">Fokker F28 Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Trident" title="Hawker Siddeley Trident">Hawker Siddeley Trident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sud_Aviation_Caravelle" title="Sud Aviation Caravelle">Sud Aviation Caravelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-134" title="Tupolev Tu-134">Tupolev Tu-134</a></li></ul> Related lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_aircraft" title="List of civil aircraft">List of civil aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jet_airliners" class="mw-redirect" title="List of jet airliners">List of jet airliners</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Boeing. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boeing.com/history/mdc/dc-1.htm">the original</a> on 7 February 2010. Retrieved 27 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DC-1+Commercial+Transport&rft.pub=Boeing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boeing.com%2Fhistory%2Fmdc%2Fdc-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-G_Endres-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G_Endres_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-G_Endres_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-G_Endres_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-G_Endres_2-3">d</a> Endres, Gunter. McDonnell Douglas DC-9/MD-80 & MD-90. London: Ian Allan, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-1958-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-1958-4">0-7110-1958-4</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-eden_81-3"><a href="#cite_ref-eden_81_3-0">^</a> Eden 2016, p. 81. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19620416">"Douglas 2086 Fate Hinges on 125 Orders"</a>. Aviation Week & Space Technology. 76 (16): 40. 16 April 1962. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0005-2175">0005-2175</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aviation+Week+%26+Space+Technology&rft.atitle=Douglas+2086+Fate+Hinges+on+125+Orders&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=40&rft.date=1962-04-16&rft.issn=0005-2175&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.aviationweek.com%2Fissue%2F19620416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-anderton_86-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anderton_86_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-anderton_86_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-anderton_86_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-anderton_86_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-anderton_86_5-4">e</a> Anderton 1976, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-eden_114-6"><a href="#cite_ref-eden_114_6-0">^</a> Eden 2016, p. 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-vashjenkins_80-7"><a href="#cite_ref-vashjenkins_80_7-0">^</a> Vasigh, Taleghani and Jenkins 2012, p. 80. </li> <li id="cite_note-eden_107-8"><a href="#cite_ref-eden_107_8-0">^</a> Eden 2016, p. 107. </li> <li id="cite_note-aijun80_p293-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aijun80_p293_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aijun80_p293_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aijun80_p293_9-2">c</a> Air International June 1980, p. 293. </li> <li id="cite_note-vashjenkins_79-10"><a href="#cite_ref-vashjenkins_79_10-0">^</a> Vasigh, Taleghani and Jenkins 2012, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-douglas_jetliners-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-douglas_jetliners_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-douglas_jetliners_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-douglas_jetliners_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-douglas_jetliners_11-3">d</a> Norris and Wagner 1999, [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sadraey_239-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Sadraey_239_12-0">^</a> Sadraey 2012, p. 239. </li> <li id="cite_note-eden_112-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eden_112_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eden_112_13-1">b</a> Eden 2016, p. 112. </li> <li id="cite_note-eden_7-14"><a href="#cite_ref-eden_7_14-0">^</a> Eden 2016, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-vashjenkins_78-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vashjenkins_78_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vashjenkins_78_15-1">b</a> Vasigh, Taleghani and Jenkins 2012, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-aijun80_p292-16"><a href="#cite_ref-aijun80_p292_16-0">^</a> Air International June 1980, p. 292. </li> <li id="cite_note-eden_115-17"><a href="#cite_ref-eden_115_17-0">^</a> Eden 2016, p. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-vashjenkins_156-18"><a href="#cite_ref-vashjenkins_156_18-0">^</a> Vasigh, Taleghani and Jenkins 2012, pp. 15-16. </li> <li id="cite_note-norriswagner_36-19"><a href="#cite_ref-norriswagner_36_19-0">^</a> Norris and Wagner 1999, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boeing.com/commercial/#/orders-deliveries">"Orders & Deliveries"</a>. Boeing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orders+%26+Deliveries&rft.pub=Boeing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boeing.com%2Fcommercial%2F%23%2Forders-deliveries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Airbus_O&D-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Airbus_O&D_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airbus.com/aircraft/market/orders-deliveries.html">"Airbus Orders and Deliveries"</a> (XLS). <a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a>. 30 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190210065631/https://www.airbus.com/aircraft/market/orders-deliveries.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2019. 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Retrieved 14 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CharlotteObserver.com&rft.atitle=Delta%27s+last+DC-9+retires+at+Charlotte+museum&rft.date=2014-01-23&rft.aulast=Washburn&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.charlotteobserver.com%2F2014%2F01%2F23%2F4635083%2Fdeltas-last-dc-9-retires-at-charlotte.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-acaps-105"><a href="#cite_ref-acaps_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/commercial/airports/acaps/dc9.pdf">"DC-9 airplane characteristics for airport planning"</a> (PDF). Douglas aircraft company. June 1984.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DC-9+airplane+characteristics+for+airport+planning&rft.pub=Douglas+aircraft+company&rft.date=1984-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boeing.com%2Fassets%2Fpdf%2Fcommercial%2Fairports%2Facaps%2Fdc9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TCDS-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TCDS_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCDS_106-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCDS_106-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCDS_106-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCDS_106-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCDS_106-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228113242/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/81bb7f7f3caf760686257ca80068d081/$FILE/A6WE_Rev_30.pdf">"Type Certificate Data Sheet no. A6WE"</a> (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. March 25, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/81bb7f7f3caf760686257ca80068d081/$FILE/A6WE_Rev_30.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on December 28, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Type+Certificate+Data+Sheet+no.+A6WE&rft.pub=Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.date=2014-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frgl.faa.gov%2FRegulatory_and_Guidance_Library%2FrgMakeModel.nsf%2F0%2F81bb7f7f3caf760686257ca80068d081%2F%24FILE%2FA6WE_Rev_30.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderton1976" class="citation book cs1">Anderton, David A. 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Douglas Twinjets, DC-9, MD-80, MD-90 and Boeing 717. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-8612-6446-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-8612-6446-6"><bdi>978-1-8612-6446-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Douglas+Twinjets%2C+DC-9%2C+MD-80%2C+MD-90+and+Boeing+717&rft.place=Ramsbury%2C+Marlborough%2C+UK&rft.pub=The+Crowood+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-8612-6446-6&rft.aulast=Becher&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEden2016" class="citation book cs1">Eden, Paul E. 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Rosen Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4994-6589-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4994-6589-1"><bdi>978-1-4994-6589-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Most+Powerful+Civilian+Aircraft&rft.pub=Rosen+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4994-6589-1&rft.aulast=Eden&rft.aufirst=Paul+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DduVgDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorrisWagner1999" class="citation book cs1">Norris, Guy; Wagner, Mark (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xAM5OpUZNswC">Douglas Jetliners</a>. Zenith Imprint. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61060-716-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61060-716-2"><bdi>978-1-61060-716-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Douglas+Jetliners&rft.pub=Zenith+Imprint&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-61060-716-2&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft.au=Wagner%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxAM5OpUZNswC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberson1997" class="citation book cs1">Roberson, Patricia Q. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pY3fAAAAMAAJ">Aerospace Science: Frontiers of Aviation History</a>. Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aerospace+Science%3A+Frontiers+of+Aviation+History&rft.pub=Air+Force+Reserve+Officer+Training+Corps&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Roberson&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Q.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpY3fAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Super 80 For the Eighties". <a href="/wiki/Air_International" title="Air International">Air International</a>. Vol. 18, no. 6. June 1980. pp. 267–272, 292–296. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0306-5634">0306-5634</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+International&rft.atitle=Super+80+For+the+Eighties&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E267-%3C%2Fspan%3E272%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E292-%3C%2Fspan%3E296&rft.date=1980-06&rft.issn=0306-5634&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadraey2012" class="citation book cs1">Sadraey, Mohammad H. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mmraQswlbMgC">Aircraft Design: A Systems Engineering Approach</a>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-95340-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-95340-1"><bdi>978-1-119-95340-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aircraft+Design%3A+A+Systems+Engineering+Approach&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-119-95340-1&rft.aulast=Sadraey&rft.aufirst=Mohammad+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmmraQswlbMgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_W._R._Taylor" title="John W. R. Taylor">Taylor, John W. R.</a> (1966). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1966–67. London, UK: Sampson Low, Marston & Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane%27s+All+The+World%27s+Aircraft+1966%E2%80%9367&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Sampson+Low%2C+Marston+%26+Company&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=John+W.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1976" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, John W. R. (1976). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976–77. London, UK: Jane's Yearbooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-354-00538-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-354-00538-3"><bdi>0-354-00538-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane%27s+All+The+World%27s+Aircraft+1976%E2%80%9377&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Jane%27s+Yearbooks&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-354-00538-3&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=John+W.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVasighTaleghaniJenkins2012" class="citation book cs1">Vasigh, Bijan; Taleghani, Reza; Jenkins, Darryl (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=duKhyqEwEBgC">Aircraft Finance: Strategies for Managing Capital Costs in a Turbulent Industry</a>. 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Ross Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60427-071-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60427-071-6"><bdi>978-1-60427-071-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aircraft+Finance%3A+Strategies+for+Managing+Capital+Costs+in+a+Turbulent+Industry&rft.pub=J.+Ross+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-60427-071-6&rft.aulast=Vasigh&rft.aufirst=Bijan&rft.au=Taleghani%2C+Reza&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Darryl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DduKhyqEwEBgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" class="extiw" title="commons:McDonnell Douglas DC-9">McDonnell Douglas DC-9</a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:McDonnell Douglas DC-9">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610160632/https://www.boeing.com/history/products/dc-9.page">"Boeing: Historical Snapshot: DC-9/C-9 Transport"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boeing.com/history/products/dc-9.page">the original</a> on June 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boeing%3A+Historical+Snapshot%3A+DC-9%2FC-9+Transport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boeing.com%2Fhistory%2Fproducts%2Fdc-9.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130304012919/http://www.boeing.com/history/mdc/dc-9.htm">"DC-9 history page on Boeing.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boeing.com/history/mdc/dc-9.htm">the original</a> on March 4, 2013. Retrieved March 22, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DC-9+history+page+on+Boeing.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boeing.com%2Fhistory%2Fmdc%2Fdc-9.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+DC-9" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970707062103/http://www.mdc.com/version2/history/comair4.htm">McDonnell Douglas commercial history page for DC-9 series</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=276">DC-9-10/20/30 on Airliners.net</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=277">DC-9-40/50 on Airliners.net</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130617210313/http://www.aviationhistoryonline.com/aircraft/index.php?id=34">DC-9 History on 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9_family" title="Template:McDonnell Douglas DC-9 family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9_family" title="Template talk:McDonnell Douglas DC-9 family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:McDonnell Douglas DC-9 family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9_family131" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">DC-9</a> family</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil/Commercial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DC-9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">-80/81/82/83/87/88</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">MD-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">MD-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">MD-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-94X" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-94X">MD-94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_717" title="Boeing 717">MD-95 / Boeing 717</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_C-9" title="McDonnell Douglas C-9">C-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-94X" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-94X">P-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-66" title="Boeing X-66">X-66</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accidents and incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DC-9</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Airlines_Flight_956" title="West Coast Airlines Flight 956">West Coast Airlines Flight 956</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWA_Flight_553" title="TWA Flight 553">TWA Flight 553</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark_Air_Lines_Flight_965" title="Ozark Air Lines Flight 965">Ozark Air Lines Flight 965</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark_Air_Lines_Flight_982" title="Ozark Air Lines Flight 982">Ozark Air Lines Flight 982</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viasa_Flight_742" title="Viasa Flight 742">Viasa Flight 742</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Airlines_Flight_853" title="Allegheny Airlines Flight 853">Allegheny Airlines Flight 853</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominicana_DC-9_air_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominicana DC-9 air disaster">1970 Dominicana air disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines_Shuttle_Flight_1320" title="Eastern Air Lines Shuttle Flight 1320">Eastern Air Lines Shuttle Flight 1320</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALM_Flight_980" title="ALM Flight 980">ALM Flight 980</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Airways_Flight_932" title="Southern Airways Flight 932">Southern Airways Flight 932</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Airwest_Flight_706" title="Hughes Airwest Flight 706">Hughes Airwest Flight 706</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Turkish_Airlines_Adana_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="1972 Turkish Airlines Adana crash">1972 Turkish Airlines Adana crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAT_Flight_367" title="JAT Flight 367">JAT Flight 367</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_763" title="EgyptAir Flight 763">EgyptAir Flight 763</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_9570" title="Delta Air Lines Flight 9570">Delta Air Lines Flight 9570</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System_Flight_130" title="Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 130">Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 130</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Airways_Flight_49" title="Southern Airways Flight 49">Southern Airways Flight 49</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Chicago%E2%80%93O%27Hare_runway_collision" title="1972 Chicago–O'Hare runway collision">1972 Chicago–O'Hare runway collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Nantes_mid-air_collision" title="1973 Nantes mid-air collision">1973 Nantes mid-air collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerom%C3%A9xico_Flight_229" title="Aeroméxico Flight 229">Aeroméxico Flight 229</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_723" title="Delta Air Lines Flight 723">Delta Air Lines Flight 723</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines_Flight_212" title="Eastern Air Lines Flight 212">Eastern Air Lines Flight 212</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avensa_Flight_358" title="Avensa Flight 358">Avensa Flight 358</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inex-Adria_Aviopromet_Flight_450" title="Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 450">Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 450</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Zagreb_mid-air_collision" title="1976 Zagreb mid-air collision">1976 Zagreb mid-air collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Airways_Flight_242" title="Southern Airways Flight 242">Southern Airways Flight 242</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Canada_Flight_189" title="Air Canada Flight 189">Air Canada Flight 189</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWA_Flight_541" title="TWA Flight 541">TWA Flight 541</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alitalia_Flight_4128" title="Alitalia Flight 4128">Alitalia Flight 4128</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itavia_Flight_870" title="Itavia Flight 870">Itavia Flight 870</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Indonesian_Airways_Flight_206" title="Garuda Indonesian Airways Flight 206">Garuda Indonesian Airways Flight 206</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerom%C3%A9xico_Flight_230" title="Aeroméxico Flight 230">Aeroméxico Flight 230</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerom%C3%A9xico_Flight_110" title="Aeroméxico Flight 110">Aeroméxico Flight 110</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avensa_Flight_007" title="Avensa Flight 007">Avensa Flight 007</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Canada_Flight_797" title="Air Canada Flight 797">Air Canada Flight 797</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_runway_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid runway disaster">1983 Madrid runway disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark_Air_Lines_Flight_650" title="Ozark Air Lines Flight 650">Ozark Air Lines Flight 650</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Express_Airlines_Flight_105" title="Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105">Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerom%C3%A9xico_Flight_498" title="Aeroméxico Flight 498">Aeroméxico Flight 498</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Indonesia_Flight_035" title="Garuda Indonesia Flight 035">Garuda Indonesia Flight 035</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Airlines_Flight_1713" title="Continental Airlines Flight 1713">Continental Airlines Flight 1713</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evergreen_International_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Evergreen International Airlines Flight 17">Evergreen International Airlines Flight 17</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alitalia_Flight_404" title="Alitalia Flight 404">Alitalia Flight 404</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Wayne_County_Airport_runway_collision" title="1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision">1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_International_Airlines_Flight_590" title="Ryan International Airlines Flight 590">Ryan International Airlines Flight 590</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeropostal_Alas_de_Venezuela_Flight_109" title="Aeropostal Alas de Venezuela Flight 109">Aeropostal Alas de Venezuela Flight 109</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_System_Flight_451" title="Japan Air System Flight 451">Japan Air System Flight 451</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USAir_Flight_1016" title="USAir Flight 1016">USAir Flight 1016</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n_Flight_256" title="Intercontinental de Aviación Flight 256">Intercontinental de Aviación Flight 256</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ValuJet_Flight_592" title="ValuJet Flight 592">ValuJet Flight 592</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austral_L%C3%ADneas_A%C3%A9reas_Flight_2553" title="Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 2553">Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 2553</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_Pacific_Flight_387" title="Cebu Pacific Flight 387">Cebu Pacific Flight 387</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAESA_Flight_725" title="TAESA Flight 725">TAESA Flight 725</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosoliso_Airlines_Flight_1145" title="Sosoliso Airlines Flight 1145">Sosoliso Airlines Flight 1145</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Mexico_DC-9_drug_bust" title="2006 Mexico DC-9 drug bust">2006 Mexico drug bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewa_Bora_Airways_Flight_122" title="Hewa Bora Airways Flight 122">Hewa Bora Airways Flight 122</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MD-80</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inex-Adria_Aviopromet_Flight_1308" title="Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308">Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Airlines_Flight_255" title="Northwest Airlines Flight 255">Northwest Airlines Flight 255</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austral_L%C3%ADneas_A%C3%A9reas_Flight_046" title="Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 046">Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 046</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System_Flight_751" title="Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 751">Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 751</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Eastern_Airlines_Flight_5398" title="China Eastern Airlines Flight 5398">China Eastern Airlines Flight 5398</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Northern_Airlines_Flight_6901" title="China Northern Airlines Flight 6901">China Northern Airlines Flight 6901</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System_Flight_347" title="Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 347">Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 347</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWA_Flight_427" class="mw-redirect" title="TWA Flight 427">TWA Flight 427</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_1572" title="American Airlines Flight 1572">American Airlines Flight 1572</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_1288" title="Delta Air Lines Flight 1288">Delta Air Lines Flight 1288</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Flight_1533" title="Korean Air Flight 1533">Korean Air Flight 1533</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_1420" title="American Airlines Flight 1420">American Airlines Flight 1420</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Airlines_Flight_261" title="Alaska Airlines Flight 261">Alaska Airlines Flight 261</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linate_Airport_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Linate Airport disaster">2001 Linate Airport disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Northern_Airlines_Flight_6136" title="China Northern Airlines Flight 6136">China Northern Airlines Flight 6136</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Air_Flight_538" title="Lion Air Flight 538">Lion Air Flight 538</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Caribbean_Airways_Flight_708" title="West Caribbean Airways Flight 708">West Caribbean Airways Flight 708</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-Two-GO_Airlines_Flight_269" class="mw-redirect" title="One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269">One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlasjet_Flight_4203" title="Atlasjet Flight 4203">Atlasjet Flight 4203</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanair_Flight_5022" title="Spanair Flight 5022">Spanair Flight 5022</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Air_Flight_0992" title="Dana Air Flight 0992">Dana Air Flight 0992</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Alg%C3%A9rie_Flight_5017" title="Air Algérie Flight 5017">Air Algérie Flight 5017</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_1086" title="Delta Air Lines Flight 1086">Delta Air Lines Flight 1086</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameristar_Charters_Flight_9363" title="Ameristar Charters Flight 9363">Ameristar Charters Flight 9363</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Airlines_Flight_6936" title="Caspian Airlines Flight 6936">Caspian Airlines Flight 6936</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Houston_MD-87_crash" title="2021 Houston MD-87 crash">2021 Houston MD-87 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RED_Air_Flight_203" title="RED Air Flight 203">RED Air Flight 203</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MD-90</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uni_Air_Flight_873" title="Uni Air Flight 873">Uni Air Flight 873</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Operators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80_operators" title="List of McDonnell Douglas MD-80 operators">MD-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90_operators" title="List of McDonnell Douglas MD-90 operators">MD-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Boeing_717_operators" title="List of Boeing 717 operators">Boeing 717</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Douglas_and_McDonnell_Douglas_airliners155" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Douglas_airliners" title="Template:Douglas airliners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Douglas_airliners" title="Template talk:Douglas airliners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Douglas_airliners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Douglas airliners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Douglas_and_McDonnell_Douglas_airliners155" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas</a> and <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a> airliners</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piston-engined</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_mailplanes" title="Douglas mailplanes">M-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_mailplanes" title="Douglas mailplanes">M-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_mailplanes" title="Douglas mailplanes">M-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_mailplanes" title="Douglas mailplanes">M-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dolphin" title="Douglas Dolphin">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DF" title="Douglas DF">DF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-1" title="Douglas DC-1">DC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">DC-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">DC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-4E" title="Douglas DC-4E">DC-4E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-4" title="Douglas DC-4">DC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-5" title="Douglas DC-5">DC-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">DC-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-7" title="Douglas DC-7">DC-7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jet-engined</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8">DC-8</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DC-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">MD-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_717" title="Boeing 717">MD-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">DC-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-11">MD-11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Never built</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-74_Globemaster" title="Douglas C-74 Globemaster">DC-7 (C-74 derivative)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-7" title="Douglas DC-7">DC-7D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-8_(piston_airliner)" title="Douglas DC-8 (piston airliner)">DC-8 piston airliner</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DC-9 (4-engined)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10_Twin" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10 Twin">DC-10 Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet_941" title="Bréguet 941">188 / 188E / 210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_2229" title="Douglas 2229">Model 2229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-94X" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-94X">MD-91X / -92X / -94X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-12" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-12">MD-12 / -XX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_High_Speed_Civil_Transport" title="McDonnell Douglas High Speed Civil Transport">High Speed Civil Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_119" title="McDonnell 119">McDonnell 119 / 220</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Douglas_and_McDonnell_Douglas_aircraft_production_timeline,_1950-2006178" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:McDonnell_Douglas_timeline" title="Template:McDonnell Douglas timeline"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:McDonnell_Douglas_timeline" title="Template talk:McDonnell Douglas timeline"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:McDonnell_Douglas_timeline" title="Special:EditPage/Template:McDonnell Douglas timeline"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Douglas_and_McDonnell_Douglas_aircraft_production_timeline,_1950-2006178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas</a> and <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a> aircraft production timeline, 1950-2006</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td colspan="10" width="17.54%">1950s </td> <td colspan="10" width="17.54%">1960s </td> <td colspan="10" width="17.54%">1970s </td> <td colspan="10" width="17.54%">1980s </td> <td colspan="10" width="17.54%">1990s </td> <td colspan="10" width="12.28%">2000s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#B7B258"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">Douglas DC-6</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="18" style="background-color:#B0D0D0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">McDonnell Douglas DC-9</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#B0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/Boeing_717" title="Boeing 717">MD-95 / B717</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#B7B258"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-7" title="Douglas DC-7">DC-7</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="20" style="background-color:#B0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">McDonnell Douglas MD-80</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#B0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8">Douglas DC-8</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#B0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">MDD MD-90</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="20" style="background-color:#B0D0B0"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">McDonnell Douglas DC-10</a> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#B0D0B0"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-11">MD-11</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td colspan="19">  = Piston-engined </td> <td colspan="19">  = Narrow-body jet </td> <td colspan="19">  = Wide-body jet </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox507" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: 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